2. human geography

1. Cultural Geography: study of the earth in relation
to the cultural activities of man, that is, his mode of
living and achievements as they are influenced by
the physical environment. This is related to
anthropology.
2. Economic Geography: study of the earth in
relation to the productive activities of man. The
earth is the main source of wealth, such as forests,
mines, soils, waters, and fisheries. This overlaps
with economics.

3. Social Geography: study of the earth in relation
to the social activities of man. The various
human communities and settlement patterns are
affected by the nature of the landscape. This is
related to sociology.
4. Political Geography: study of the earth in
relation to the social activities of man. The
policies of a state, local and foreign, are
influenced by the physical environment. This is
related to political science and history.

Objectives of Geographic Study:
1. It interprets the interrelations between the natural
and human resources and how these can serve as
the basis for socio-economic and political
development. Progress is brought about by the
proper utilization of the human and natural
resources.
2. It stimulates the observation of natural and
cultural patterns of the earth’s surface which bring
about a better appreciation on the landscape. The
cultural works on man are invariably affected by
the nature of his physical surroundings.

3. It provides the key to the promotion of
international understanding among the peoples of
the world on the realization that there is a world –
wide interdependence among all men. No man is an
island. Since the countries produce different goods
and services, trade is necessary to satisfy human
wants.
4. It promotes the study of environmental education
and conservation of the natural resources to
maintain a desirable quality of the environment. The
growth of population, urbanization and
industrialization are affecting the quality of the
human habitat and the survival of man.

5. It fosters the appreciation of similarities and
differences from one region to another; the
haves and the have-nots, the developed and the
underdeveloped areas of the globe and to find
causes there from. This will promote
understanding, tolerance, and good will among
men.

• The physical elements of the earth which are
within the domain of geography are weather and
climate, landforms, the oceans, and the natural
resources.

• Natural resources are the material things of
economic value which man did not bring into
existence such as waters, soils, forests, fisheries,
and minerals including coal and oil. Climate,
topography, and geographic location relative to
world market should also be included.

• According to Norton Ginsburg (Natural
Resources and Economic Development), natural
resources include all the freely given material
phenomena of nature within the zone of man’s
activities, plus the additional non-material
quality of situation or location. The association
of these elements of land, air, sea, and situation
in a single area is called its “resource base” or
“resource endowment”.

• Land: synonymous with natural resources;
includes location, size, shape, and everything
found below, on the surface, and above it.
•
• Natural Resources: embrace the whole physical
base in geographic study. Geography is
concerned with the use of space and land.

Geography and Natural Resources

1. Natural resources are the foundation of our
wealth and this field of geography is essentially a
study of the influence and the use of these
resources for social, economic, and political
development.
2. Economic development refers to an efficient use
of the resources in order to bring about a higher
and rising per capita real income that is widely
diffused to the mass of the population.

• Economic development is linked with the proper
use of the natural resources that will sustain the
growth of the economy.
• Economic development means better food, better
clothing, better shelter, more opportunities for
improvement and higher standard of living for the
inhabitants.
• The economic development of any area is
dependent on its resource endowment. This
comprises the location, size, shape, landforms,
climate and the earth resources.
•

2. human geography

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