This document provides a review of technologies for integrating solar energy conversion systems into the main electric grid. It discusses challenges of the intermittent nature of solar energy and various technological solutions to address issues like power quality, synchronization, and power monitoring. Key points covered include the types of single-stage and dual-stage grid-tied solar energy systems, the role of inverters in performing functions like reactive power compensation and harmonics mitigation, and forecasting methods used to predict solar power generation. The document also reviews various research works on controlling and managing the real and reactive power from solar systems while maintaining power quality standards when connected to the grid.
IRJET- Generation Planning using WASP SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document discusses determining the optimal power generation development plan for a power system over the next 15 years using the WASP software. It begins by estimating the system load over the planning period based on historical load data from the past 36 years. It then uses the WASP software to determine all possible supply combinations from the existing and planned generating units and selects the combination that minimizes costs and meets reliability criteria. The optimal plan is determined by changing the configuration and timing of added units each year to find the best objective function. Key steps include load forecasting, defining development units and constraints, using WASP modules to evaluate combinations and reliability, and selecting the optimal plan through dynamic programming.
IRJET- Comparison between Ideal and Estimated PV Parameters using Evolutionar...IRJET Journal
This document discusses comparing the ideal and estimated parameters of photovoltaic (PV) panels using evolutionary algorithms. It begins by introducing microgrids and their importance in integrating renewable energy sources like solar PV. It then describes the ideal and practical electrical models of PV panels, noting that practical models account for additional factors. The document aims to estimate the parameters of single-diode and two-diode PV panel models using various optimization algorithms, compare the estimated models to experimental results, and compare the estimated models to the specifications provided by the panel manufacturer.
Energy Management System in Microgrid with ANFIS Control Scheme using Heurist...IRJET Journal
1. Premise: The document discusses an energy management system for a microgrid that uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control scheme.
2. Consequence: It is proposed that ANFIS control can efficiently manage power balancing in a microgrid system with renewable energy sources and an energy storage system. The ANFIS control scheme is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate its effectiveness in mitigating power fluctuations during varying loads.
3. Resolution: The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed ANFIS control scheme can function as both an energy management system and battery management system for a microgrid system with renewable energy sources.
1MWH SOLAR PLANT CONNECTED TO MICROGRID WITH BESS CONTROLLERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on a 1 megawatt-hour solar plant connected to a microgrid with a battery energy storage system (BESS) controller. The study models a microgrid system integrating multiple solar photovoltaic units and a BESS. It proposes a control strategy to regulate power flow between these components and the utility grid. Simulation results show the control strategy maintains load current by compensating for variations from the solar power and grid using available power from BESS. The strategy allows transfer between grid-connected and island modes of operation, with BESS responsible for maintaining voltage and frequency in island mode.
Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids: A Review of Recent Solutions to ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent solutions to integrating renewable energy into smart grids. It identifies the most prevalent issues with renewable energy integration, such as the intermittency of sources like solar and wind power, and issues with grid voltage and frequency stability. It then summarizes several selected solutions that have been proposed to address these challenges, including using energy storage systems, advanced inverters, machine learning for power forecasting, and systems to improve grid stability like synchronverters. The review concludes that while progress has been made in renewable energy integration, continued work is still needed to fully address the multidimensional problems involved.
IRJET-System Analysis and Optimization of Photovoltaic –Wind Hybrid System: R...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of artificial intelligence techniques to optimize photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy systems. It discusses various modeling approaches for system components like solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and loads. Traditional optimization methods like iterative, graphical and linear programming techniques are compared to newer artificial intelligence approaches like particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms. The review concludes that artificial intelligence methods provide more accurate and faster optimization of hybrid systems compared to traditional techniques.
Design and Control Issues of Microgrids : A SurveyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes key issues in the design and control of microgrids. It begins by defining microgrids and outlining their basic design considerations, which include suitable sizing and positioning of distributed energy resources. The document then discusses design aspects like optimal component selection and control strategies. It describes the hierarchical control approach for microgrids, with primary control focusing on voltage/frequency regulation, secondary on deviation mitigation, and tertiary on economic optimization. Finally, it outlines some major issues in microgrid design and control, specifically islanding detection challenges and non-detection zones, where changes in voltage and frequency may not trigger detection.
IRJET- Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources for DC MicrogridIRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization of renewable energy sources for DC microgrids. It proposes integrating wind and solar energy generation with battery storage in a microgrid connected to buildings. This hybrid system improves reliability by reducing storage needs when the generation sources have opposing output cycles. The document models and simulates such a system, showing the wind and solar outputs, storage controller, and grid connection. Integrating distributed renewable sources with storage in microgrids helps stabilize grids with intermittent generation and maximize use of transmission infrastructure.
IRJET- Generation Planning using WASP SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document discusses determining the optimal power generation development plan for a power system over the next 15 years using the WASP software. It begins by estimating the system load over the planning period based on historical load data from the past 36 years. It then uses the WASP software to determine all possible supply combinations from the existing and planned generating units and selects the combination that minimizes costs and meets reliability criteria. The optimal plan is determined by changing the configuration and timing of added units each year to find the best objective function. Key steps include load forecasting, defining development units and constraints, using WASP modules to evaluate combinations and reliability, and selecting the optimal plan through dynamic programming.
IRJET- Comparison between Ideal and Estimated PV Parameters using Evolutionar...IRJET Journal
This document discusses comparing the ideal and estimated parameters of photovoltaic (PV) panels using evolutionary algorithms. It begins by introducing microgrids and their importance in integrating renewable energy sources like solar PV. It then describes the ideal and practical electrical models of PV panels, noting that practical models account for additional factors. The document aims to estimate the parameters of single-diode and two-diode PV panel models using various optimization algorithms, compare the estimated models to experimental results, and compare the estimated models to the specifications provided by the panel manufacturer.
Energy Management System in Microgrid with ANFIS Control Scheme using Heurist...IRJET Journal
1. Premise: The document discusses an energy management system for a microgrid that uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) control scheme.
2. Consequence: It is proposed that ANFIS control can efficiently manage power balancing in a microgrid system with renewable energy sources and an energy storage system. The ANFIS control scheme is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to validate its effectiveness in mitigating power fluctuations during varying loads.
3. Resolution: The results of the simulation demonstrate that the proposed ANFIS control scheme can function as both an energy management system and battery management system for a microgrid system with renewable energy sources.
1MWH SOLAR PLANT CONNECTED TO MICROGRID WITH BESS CONTROLLERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on a 1 megawatt-hour solar plant connected to a microgrid with a battery energy storage system (BESS) controller. The study models a microgrid system integrating multiple solar photovoltaic units and a BESS. It proposes a control strategy to regulate power flow between these components and the utility grid. Simulation results show the control strategy maintains load current by compensating for variations from the solar power and grid using available power from BESS. The strategy allows transfer between grid-connected and island modes of operation, with BESS responsible for maintaining voltage and frequency in island mode.
Renewable Energy Integration in Smart Grids: A Review of Recent Solutions to ...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent solutions to integrating renewable energy into smart grids. It identifies the most prevalent issues with renewable energy integration, such as the intermittency of sources like solar and wind power, and issues with grid voltage and frequency stability. It then summarizes several selected solutions that have been proposed to address these challenges, including using energy storage systems, advanced inverters, machine learning for power forecasting, and systems to improve grid stability like synchronverters. The review concludes that while progress has been made in renewable energy integration, continued work is still needed to fully address the multidimensional problems involved.
IRJET-System Analysis and Optimization of Photovoltaic –Wind Hybrid System: R...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of artificial intelligence techniques to optimize photovoltaic-wind hybrid energy systems. It discusses various modeling approaches for system components like solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and loads. Traditional optimization methods like iterative, graphical and linear programming techniques are compared to newer artificial intelligence approaches like particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms. The review concludes that artificial intelligence methods provide more accurate and faster optimization of hybrid systems compared to traditional techniques.
Design and Control Issues of Microgrids : A SurveyIRJET Journal
This document summarizes key issues in the design and control of microgrids. It begins by defining microgrids and outlining their basic design considerations, which include suitable sizing and positioning of distributed energy resources. The document then discusses design aspects like optimal component selection and control strategies. It describes the hierarchical control approach for microgrids, with primary control focusing on voltage/frequency regulation, secondary on deviation mitigation, and tertiary on economic optimization. Finally, it outlines some major issues in microgrid design and control, specifically islanding detection challenges and non-detection zones, where changes in voltage and frequency may not trigger detection.
IRJET- Optimization of Renewable Energy Sources for DC MicrogridIRJET Journal
The document discusses optimization of renewable energy sources for DC microgrids. It proposes integrating wind and solar energy generation with battery storage in a microgrid connected to buildings. This hybrid system improves reliability by reducing storage needs when the generation sources have opposing output cycles. The document models and simulates such a system, showing the wind and solar outputs, storage controller, and grid connection. Integrating distributed renewable sources with storage in microgrids helps stabilize grids with intermittent generation and maximize use of transmission infrastructure.
Application of the Least Square Support Vector Machine for point-to-point for...IJECEIAES
In today's industrial world, the growing capacity of renewable energy sources is a crucial factor for sustainable power generation. The application of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy sources, as a clean and safe renewable energy resource has found great attention among the consumers in the recent decades. Accurate forecasting of the generated PV power is an important task for scheduling the generators and planning the consumption patterns of customers to save electricity costs. To this end, it is necessary to develop a global model of the generated power based on the effective factors which are mainly the solar radiation intensity and the ambient weather temperature. As a result of the wide numerical range of these parameters and various weather conditions, a large training database must be used for developing the models, which results in high-computational complexity of the algorithms used for training the models. In this paper, a novel algorithm for point to point prediction of the generated power based on the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) has been proposed which can handle the large training database with a very fewer deal of computation and benefits from reasonable accuracy and generalization capability.
Study of using solar energy system to supply a data centerIRJET Journal
This document studies using a solar energy system to supply the power needs of a data center. It summarizes the basic components of the system, which includes solar panels, batteries, a charge controller, inverters/converters, and the power grid. It then presents simulation results of the system modeling the solar irradiance in Tehran and the varying power demands of the data center. The results show the solar panels can generate up to 1.2 MW at midday, but most of the time cannot meet the full 2 MW load of the data center. The batteries charge and discharge to help meet demands, with one battery acting as primary and the other as backup. The power grid supplies any remaining load needs when the solar and batteries
IRJET- Review Paper on Residential Grid Connected Photovoltaic System using M...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper about designing a residential grid-connected photovoltaic (solar) system using MATLAB. It begins by discussing the increasing global energy demand and issues with non-renewable sources. Solar energy is presented as a viable renewable alternative. The paper then reviews literature on solar cell modeling and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. It describes the basic working principle of solar cells and the MATLAB software used for modeling and simulation. Simulation results are shown for the designed solar system model connected to the grid. The conclusion discusses the benefits of solar energy and potential for improving MPPT under changing environmental conditions.
IRJET- Hybrid Smart Grid Connected Photovoltaic and Fuel SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed hybrid microgrid system that utilizes photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and fuel cells to provide power to individual homes within a community. Each home would be equipped with more PV panels than needed for normal operation, so excess power could be shared within the microgrid. This would allow the community to make use of surplus renewable energy that would otherwise be wasted. The hybrid system is intended to provide reliable power through the intermittent PV output by incorporating batteries and fuel cells as backup sources. A literature review examines previous research on hybrid renewable energy systems, microgrids, and strategies for optimizing power generation and load balancing.
Impacts of Demand Side Management on System Reliability Evaluationinventy
This summary provides an overview of the impacts of demand side management (DSM) techniques on power system reliability in Saudi Arabia:
1. DSM techniques like load shifting can improve power system reliability by transferring load from peak to off-peak periods, reducing peak demand and allowing generators to operate more efficiently.
2. The study models load shifting and adding renewable energy sources to the Riyadh power system and calculates reliability indices like loss of load probability (LOLP) and expected energy not served (EENS) to analyze the impacts on reliability.
3. Preliminary results show load shifting can reduce peak demand and renewable energy from solar and wind can further contribute to reliability by providing generation during peak periods.
Integration of renewable resources for dc micro grid applicationsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes integrating renewable energy resources like wind and solar power for DC microgrid applications.
The document first provides background on microgrids and discusses how DC microgrids can integrate renewable sources more efficiently by eliminating conversion losses. It then outlines the layout of the proposed DC microgrid, which includes renewable generators, battery energy storage, supercapacitors, electric vehicle charging, and grid integration.
The document goes on to provide an overview of the optimized scheduling approach used to balance supply and demand on the microgrid. This approach aggregates renewable forecast data, assigns battery reserves, and formulates an emission-constrained cost optimization to schedule microgrid resources day-ahead. Mathematical equations are provided to describe the
Viability study of on-grid PV/Wind integrated SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the viability of an on-grid PV/wind integrated system for rural electrification in India. The study uses HOMER software to model a system with solar PV arrays, a small wind turbine, and an existing grid connection. Results show the integrated system is technically and economically feasible, with a cost of energy of INR 5.992/kWh and 90% renewable energy penetration. Solar PV produces most energy, with peak output in September and November. The small wind turbine provides some additional power. The grid helps maintain supply reliability by allowing excess renewable energy to be sold back and purchasing power when renewable output is insufficient.
Design and Control of Grid Connected Hybrid Energy sources based BEMSIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for charging batteries using a hybrid of energy sources, including solar PV, diesel generator, and the grid. It involves:
1) A synchronized control of the DC-DC converter to regulate power flow from the various sources and charge the batteries in a way that reduces costs.
2) The system prioritizes the available energy sources and uses maximum power point tracking for the solar PV.
3) Simulation results show the system can automatically switch between charging the batteries using solar PV, the diesel generator, or the grid, depending on the availability of each source. An LCD display provides information on the charging status.
Design and Control of Grid Connected Hybrid Energy sources based BEMSIRJET Journal
This document proposes a control system for a grid-connected hybrid energy system that includes solar photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator (DG), and battery energy storage to charge batteries. It involves a synchronized control of the DC-DC converter based on available energy sources and grid conditions. Simulation results show the system can automatically switch between charging the batteries from PV, DG, or the grid grid depending on the availability of each source. The status of the energy source charging the batteries is displayed on an LCD screen. The system aims to reduce battery charging costs by utilizing multiple renewable and grid energy sources.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Performance Assessment of Grid Connected 1.1 MWp Solar Photo-Voltaic P...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the performance assessment of a 1.1 megawatt solar photovoltaic plant located in India. It describes the technical details and specifications of the solar panels, inverters, and overall system. It then discusses the methodology used to analyze the plant's performance, including generation analysis, inverter loss analysis, inverter efficiency, system loss analysis, and performance ratio analysis. The results of simulating the plant's performance using PVSYST software are also presented and compared to actual measured performance data. Key findings include the plant generating an average of 166 kilowatt-hours per month with losses primarily coming from dust, temperature effects, and system wiring.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MICROGRID: A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of energy management systems in microgrids. It discusses how energy management systems can help integrate renewable energy resources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power generation. The review classifies different approaches to energy management, including control strategies for emissions reduction, energy storage optimization techniques, and methods for reducing energy costs. It also examines demand response management strategies to encourage local power consumption from renewable sources. The document concludes by stating this review provides direction for future research in microgrid energy management.
Integration of Solar Photovoltaic Distributed Generators in.pdfHeangsokleap1
This document summarizes a study that integrated solar photovoltaic distributed generators into an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network based on the site's solar capacity factor. The study used a particle swarm optimization approach to determine optimal placement and sizing of solar PV units to minimize power losses and improve voltage profiles. Load flow analysis using the backward-forward sweep method was performed to analyze the effects on real and reactive power losses and bus voltages. Results were compared to other approaches in literature and showed the capacity factor-based approach provided benefits like reduced losses and improved voltages.
IRJET- Loss of Load Probability Method Applicability Limits as Function o...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the Loss of Load Probability (LLP) method for sizing standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates the applicability limits of the LLP method based on different climate conditions and power consumption types. The LLP method aims to size the PV system collection field and storage field to ensure reliability while decreasing economic costs compared to simpler sizing methods. The document analyzes experimental solar irradiation and power consumption data from real PV systems located in Spain to evaluate the LLP method under different conditions without relying on models or simulations. Key variables in the LLP method like energy production, consumption, storage state of charge, and isoreliability curves are defined. Different power consumption regimes are also categorized to analyze their impact
PVPF tool: an automated web application for real-time photovoltaic power fore...IJECEIAES
1) The document describes PVPF tool, a web application that provides 24-hour ahead forecasts of photovoltaic power production based on real-time weather data and a pre-trained machine learning system.
2) The tool imports temperature, solar irradiance, and PV production measurement data from the ASU weather station and a PV installation. This data is processed and fed into a neural network trained using the Bayesian Regularization algorithm.
3) Hourly power production forecasts for the next 24 hours are published in real-time on the renewable energy center's website as a power/time curve, along with actual measured production values once available.
This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generationinventy
In this paper, the experience of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) in analyzing the generation adequacy for Year 2013 is presented. This analysis is conducted by calculating several reliability indices for Riyadh system hourly load during all four seasonal periods. The reliability indices are gauged against the international utility practice. SEC also plans to introduce renewable energy into the network in order to secure the environmental standards and reduce fuel costs of conventional generation. Thus, the reliability improvement due to different integration levels of Solar and Wind generating sources has also been investigated. The capacity value provided by these variable renewable energy sources (VERs) to reliably meet the system load has been calculated using effective load carrying capability (ELCC) technique with a loss of load expectancy metric.
A NOVEL SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION OF A GRID INDEPENDENT HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYS...ijscmcj
Hybrid renewable energy based off-grid or distribute power supply has customarily thought to be a solitary
innovation based restricted level of supply to meet the essential needs, without considering dependable
energy procurement to rural or remote commercial enterprises. The aim of the paper is to propose a design
idea off-grid hybrid system to fulfil the load demand of the telecom base station by using renewable energy
resources for rural regions. HOMER software tool is used for simulation and optimization and it also
analysis the total net present cost (TNPC) $100,757, carbon emission is zero percent, initial cost $70,920,
operating cost $2,334, Capacity Shortage 0.17% and the cost of energy (COE) $0.502. The HOMER
simulation outcome gives the most feasible hybrid system configuration for electric power supply to the
remote location telecom base station.
“DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS IN ACTIVE VEHICLE WIRING”IRJET Journal
The document discusses superconductor materials used in active vehicle wiring and distribution networks. It analyzes the use of superconductors in transmission lines and distributed generation integration due to their high voltage handling capacity. The document also examines active distribution networks, power storage systems, and distributed energy resources, quantifying their parameters and benefits for system controllability and renewable energy integration. It concludes superconductors can improve transmission efficiency and flexibility in power systems.
IRJET- Review Paper Hybrid Energy Storage System Micro Grid Integration with ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a research paper on integrating a hybrid energy storage system into a microgrid using a four leg three level neutral point clamped inverter. The hybrid energy storage system combines the advantages of vanadium redox batteries and lithium-ion batteries. A four leg inverter topology is used to interface the renewable energy sources and hybrid energy storage system to the microgrid. A control strategy is developed using second order sliding mode control to manage the power flow between the energy storage systems and improve power quality. Experimental results showed the control strategy was effective at controlling the renewable energy injected into the microgrid and managing the hybrid energy storage system.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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This document summarizes a study that integrated solar photovoltaic distributed generators into an IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network based on the site's solar capacity factor. The study used a particle swarm optimization approach to determine optimal placement and sizing of solar PV units to minimize power losses and improve voltage profiles. Load flow analysis using the backward-forward sweep method was performed to analyze the effects on real and reactive power losses and bus voltages. Results were compared to other approaches in literature and showed the capacity factor-based approach provided benefits like reduced losses and improved voltages.
IRJET- Loss of Load Probability Method Applicability Limits as Function o...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the Loss of Load Probability (LLP) method for sizing standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems and evaluates the applicability limits of the LLP method based on different climate conditions and power consumption types. The LLP method aims to size the PV system collection field and storage field to ensure reliability while decreasing economic costs compared to simpler sizing methods. The document analyzes experimental solar irradiation and power consumption data from real PV systems located in Spain to evaluate the LLP method under different conditions without relying on models or simulations. Key variables in the LLP method like energy production, consumption, storage state of charge, and isoreliability curves are defined. Different power consumption regimes are also categorized to analyze their impact
PVPF tool: an automated web application for real-time photovoltaic power fore...IJECEIAES
1) The document describes PVPF tool, a web application that provides 24-hour ahead forecasts of photovoltaic power production based on real-time weather data and a pre-trained machine learning system.
2) The tool imports temperature, solar irradiance, and PV production measurement data from the ASU weather station and a PV installation. This data is processed and fed into a neural network trained using the Bayesian Regularization algorithm.
3) Hourly power production forecasts for the next 24 hours are published in real-time on the renewable energy center's website as a power/time curve, along with actual measured production values once available.
This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
Reliability Evaluation of Riyadh System Incorporating Renewable Generationinventy
In this paper, the experience of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC) in analyzing the generation adequacy for Year 2013 is presented. This analysis is conducted by calculating several reliability indices for Riyadh system hourly load during all four seasonal periods. The reliability indices are gauged against the international utility practice. SEC also plans to introduce renewable energy into the network in order to secure the environmental standards and reduce fuel costs of conventional generation. Thus, the reliability improvement due to different integration levels of Solar and Wind generating sources has also been investigated. The capacity value provided by these variable renewable energy sources (VERs) to reliably meet the system load has been calculated using effective load carrying capability (ELCC) technique with a loss of load expectancy metric.
A NOVEL SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION OF A GRID INDEPENDENT HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYS...ijscmcj
Hybrid renewable energy based off-grid or distribute power supply has customarily thought to be a solitary
innovation based restricted level of supply to meet the essential needs, without considering dependable
energy procurement to rural or remote commercial enterprises. The aim of the paper is to propose a design
idea off-grid hybrid system to fulfil the load demand of the telecom base station by using renewable energy
resources for rural regions. HOMER software tool is used for simulation and optimization and it also
analysis the total net present cost (TNPC) $100,757, carbon emission is zero percent, initial cost $70,920,
operating cost $2,334, Capacity Shortage 0.17% and the cost of energy (COE) $0.502. The HOMER
simulation outcome gives the most feasible hybrid system configuration for electric power supply to the
remote location telecom base station.
“DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF SUPERCONDUCTOR MATERIALS IN ACTIVE VEHICLE WIRING”IRJET Journal
The document discusses superconductor materials used in active vehicle wiring and distribution networks. It analyzes the use of superconductors in transmission lines and distributed generation integration due to their high voltage handling capacity. The document also examines active distribution networks, power storage systems, and distributed energy resources, quantifying their parameters and benefits for system controllability and renewable energy integration. It concludes superconductors can improve transmission efficiency and flexibility in power systems.
IRJET- Review Paper Hybrid Energy Storage System Micro Grid Integration with ...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a research paper on integrating a hybrid energy storage system into a microgrid using a four leg three level neutral point clamped inverter. The hybrid energy storage system combines the advantages of vanadium redox batteries and lithium-ion batteries. A four leg inverter topology is used to interface the renewable energy sources and hybrid energy storage system to the microgrid. A control strategy is developed using second order sliding mode control to manage the power flow between the energy storage systems and improve power quality. Experimental results showed the control strategy was effective at controlling the renewable energy injected into the microgrid and managing the hybrid energy storage system.
Similar to Grid Integration and Application of Solar Energy; A Technological Review (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
afterwards, Guru Arjan was arrested, tortured and killed by order of the Mogul Emperor
Jahangir.
• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
eleven years old when he became 6th Guru.
• As ordered by Guru Arjan Dev Ji, he put on two swords, one indicated his spiritual
authority (PIRI) and the other, his temporal authority (MIRI). He thus for the first time
initiated military tradition in the Sikh faith to resist religious persecution, protect
people’s freedom and independence to practice religion by choice. He transformed
Sikhs to be Saints and Soldier.
• He had a long tenure as Guru, lasting 37 years, 9 months and 3 days
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
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