ELEMENT COMPOUND & MIXTURES ELEMENT

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Element compound and mixtures element, Metal and non metal with example, Compound ith example, Mixture with example, Electric circuits, Types of electric circuits, What is an electric current?, How to measure current?, Symbols, Voltage, Measurement of voltage

VOLTAGE
Electric potential difference gets a very special name. We call it voltage,
measured it in units of volts.
MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE

The document describes an electronic letter box circuit that uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to detect when a letter is placed inside the box. The circuit uses a 555 timer IC connected as a comparator. It also includes an LDR, LEDs, resistors, a variable resistor, battery, and switch. When light falls on the LDR, its resistance decreases, causing the 555 output to trigger one LED. But when a letter blocks the light, the LDR resistance increases, causing the 555 to trigger a different LED to indicate a letter is present. The circuit uses few components and little power, making it suitable for portable use in a letter box.

Teacher presentation

Karunai Doss

This document contains information about electricity including: 1) Definitions of key electricity terms like electric circuit, conductors, insulators, batteries and their symbols. 2) Details about early pioneers in electricity research including William Gilbert and Hans Christian Ørsted's discovery of electromagnetism. 3) Descriptions of common electric devices like bells, motors, and examples of uses for electromagnets.

Marcas de conduvtores

Rolando Rivas

Report

shital shinde

This document describes the design of a clap-activated switch circuit. The circuit uses a microphone to detect clapping sounds and convert them to electrical signals. These signals are amplified and used to trigger a timer integrated circuit (IC). The timer IC is configured as a monostable multivibrator and its output drives a decade counter IC that acts as a bistable switch to turn a relay on or off. The relay then switches power to an electrical device. The circuit only changes the output state when two claps are detected within a set time period determined by a resistor-capacitor component. The circuit provides a simple way to remotely control devices through hand clapping without risk of accidental triggering.

Victor LED (Products)

Deepak Verma

This document from www.victorleds.com defines several key lighting and electrical terms including lumens, lux, luminous efficacy, power factor, MOV, PCB, SMD, CRI, CCT, and surge voltage. Lumens measure visible light output, lux measures illuminance, and luminous efficacy is the ratio of lumens to watts describing a light source's efficiency. Power factor relates true power to apparent power. MOV, PCB, and SMD describe common electrical components. CRI and CCT characterize light quality and color temperature. Surge voltage refers to sudden increases in voltage that can damage systems.

Letter box abstract

Kamesh Mtec

The document describes an electronic letter box circuit that uses a 555 timer IC to detect when a letter is placed inside. When the letter blocks the light falling on an LDR, the LDR resistance increases, lowering the voltage to pin 2 of the 555 IC below 1/3 of the supply voltage. This causes the 555 output at pin 3 to go high, lighting an LED to indicate a letter is present. The circuit uses an LDR, LED, 555 timer IC, and battery to provide a low-power way to detect when something is placed in the letter box blocking the light to the LDR.

Electronics

M F Ebden

1) Electrostatic charges involve the attraction and repulsion of objects based on whether they have equal or opposite charges. Charges are used in photocopiers, dust precipitators, and defibrillators. 2) Electricity involves the flow of electrons through conductors. The resistance of materials can change based on factors like temperature. Common circuit components include resistors, diodes, and capacitors. 3) Digital and analog signals are used to transmit information. Digital signals use 1s and 0s while analog signals have continuously varying values. Multiplexing and sampling allow more data to be transmitted.

Basic EEE

Mostak Obama

Definition Resistance Ohms Law Resistance: The resistance of a material is a measure of how easily a charge flows through it. Resistance: how much “push” is needed to get a given current to flow. This is the symbol we use for a “resistor:” All wires have resistance. Obviously, for efficiency in carrying a current, we want a wire having a low resistance. In idealized problems, we will consider wire resistance to be zero. Lamps, batteries, and other devices in circuits have resistance Ohm’s Law: In some materials, the resistance is constant over a wide range of voltages For such materials, we write and call the equation “Ohm’s Law In fact, Ohm’s Law is not a “Law” in the same sense as Newton’s Laws… Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance I=V/R

This simple circuit uses a red LED, 390 ohm resistor, and 9V battery to test electrical components and connections. The brightness of the LED indicates the resistance: bright for low resistance below 1kΩ, dim for medium resistance of a few kΩ, and off for high resistance over 10kΩ. By touching the crocodile clips to the parts being tested, it can check if strips, wires, and connections are continuous or broken. It also allows testing common electronic components to identify faults.

Revision helper u8_bilingual

ken1470

This document provides revision notes on basics of electricity. It discusses the key conditions needed for electricity to flow, including having a source of electrical energy like a dry cell and a closed circuit. It defines common electrical components like switches and describes how they work. It also explains concepts such as electric current, voltage, resistance, and how these can be measured using instruments like ammeters and voltmeters. Examples are given throughout to illustrate the concepts discussed.

1.5.2voltagedrop

Talia Carbis

Ldr

Anupam Narang

The document discusses the working of a light dependent resistor (LDR) and designing a circuit to demonstrate its varying resistance. It begins by introducing LDRs and explaining that their resistivity decreases when light is absorbed. It then describes building a circuit using an LDR, resistor, battery, LED, and breadboard. The circuit works by changing the LDR's resistance based on light intensity, which controls current flow through the LED. Finally, applications of LDRs include light sensors for street lamps, alarms, and automatic controls that require detecting light levels.

Making use of electricity ws (pdf)

ken1470

This document provides information about electricity, circuits, and circuit components. It defines key terms like closed and open circuits, conductors and insulators, electric current, voltage, resistance, and circuit symbols. It explains that a closed circuit with a power source is needed for current to flow. It also describes the differences between series and parallel circuits, noting that in series circuits the current is the same at all points, while in parallel circuits the currents can be different sizes.

Chapter6 electronic-components

Vin Voro

This document discusses key questions to ask about electronic components, focusing on resistors and capacitors. For resistors, reasonable parameter values include resistances from 0.1Ω to 10MΩ, power ratings up to 1W, and tolerances of ±5% for carbon film and ±1% for metal film. Resistors have parasitic inductance and capacitance that affect behavior at high frequencies. Capacitors can store energy in an electric field according to the relationship between current, voltage, and capacitance.

Ch 19 using electricity 2-e

Stanley Ang

This chapter discusses electrical safety and hazards. It explains that electrocution, burns, fires and explosions are dangers of improper electricity use. Damaged insulation, overloading, overheating, damp conditions and poor connections can cause hazards. The chapter also describes safe electricity use at home, including proper three-pin plug wiring, using fuses of the correct rating, and ensuring appliances are earthed or have double insulation. Precautions like switching off main power and not touching victims are advised for electrocutions.

Intro To Electricity And Electronics

Cory Barz

This document provides an introduction to electricity and electronics. It discusses electrical systems in vehicles and defines key terms like current, voltage, resistance, and conductors and insulators. Ohm's law relating voltage, current, and resistance is explained. Common electrical symbols like for batteries, fuses, switches, light bulbs and ground are shown. Both series and parallel circuits are illustrated.

7.4 electromotive force and internal resistance

Adlishah Risal Bili

The document defines electromotive force (e.m.f) as the work done by a source to drive one coulomb of charge around a complete circuit. It states that the e.m.f of a cell or battery refers to the electrical energy produced for each coulomb that passes through it. However, the potential difference, or voltage, across the external terminals is usually lower than the e.m.f due to the internal resistance of the cell or battery, which causes a drop in potential and some of the energy to be lost as heat. The relationship between e.m.f, potential difference, current, and internal resistance is explained.

Symbols

ormesbyscience

Symbols

ormesbyscience

Physics ohm’s law

fourangela

1. The document describes how current flows through a circuit using an analogy of charges moving up an escalator (battery) and through a paddle wheel (resistor). 2. Key components of a simple circuit are identified as a voltage source, conductive path, and resistor. Resistance is explained as how much an object resists electron flow. 3. Factors that determine resistance are described as the type of material, its thickness and length, and temperature. Conductors have low resistance while insulators have high resistance.

English work

waltersepu

Led book

vigyanashram

This document provides design and assembly instructions for various LED lighting units that can be manufactured locally. It covers basic electrical concepts needed to work with LEDs such as current, voltage, resistors, circuits etc. Several circuit diagrams and instructions are given for making different LED lights - emergency lamps, AC/DC lamps, torches etc. It also includes chapters on power sources like grid, solar and pedal power that can be used to charge batteries and power the lights. Proper tools and safety procedures for assembly are emphasized. The goal is to enable local electricians to make affordable LED lights in their communities.

9 current, potential difference & resistance hbl (edited )

Aidil Adnan

The document discusses key concepts related to electric current, potential difference, and resistance. It begins by introducing who discovered electricity and key historical figures like Benjamin Franklin, Alessandro Volta, and Michael Faraday. It then defines electric current as the rate of flow of electric charge, with the standard unit being the ampere. Potential difference is introduced as the difference in electric potential needed to cause current flow, with the standard unit being the volt. Resistance is defined as a material's property that restricts electric current flow, with the standard unit being the ohm. Measurement devices like ammeters and voltmeters are also discussed.

Resistance by Mazhar Iqbal PIEAS University Islamabad Pakistan

Mazhar93

This document discusses the concept of electrical resistance. It defines resistance as the ratio of potential difference (voltage) across a conductor to the current flowing through it. Resistance is measured in ohms and depends on several factors like the material, length, cross-sectional area, and temperature of the conductor. It also explains common units of resistance like the abohm and statohm. Ohm's law relating voltage, current and resistance is described. Finally, it discusses how resistance can be measured using an ohmmeter.

Automatic street light using ldr and relay

Shivam Raidas

The document describes an automatic street light controller circuit that uses relays and an LDR (light dependent resistor). The circuit uses an LDR, which has a resistance that changes based on light levels, along with some other components connected to an operational amplifier IC. The circuit is able to automatically turn on street lights or household lights when it gets dark based on the changing resistance of the LDR. It provides light when needed using very few, low power components, requiring no manual operation or maintenance.

Basics of Electronics

Think LABS

This document provides an introduction to basic electronics concepts including Ohm's Law, resistors, capacitors, LEDs, breadboards, and debugging circuits. Ohm's Law defines the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a circuit. There are different types of fixed and variable resistors as well as color coding schemes to identify resistor values. Capacitors can store energy and are used for timing and filtering. LEDs require current limiting resistors to function properly. Breadboards are used for prototyping circuits and debugging connections is key to troubleshooting.

Getting Started with Arduino

Siddharth Bhatter

This document is the first chapter of a book about making things with microcontrollers. It introduces microcontrollers as small computers that contain a processor, memory, and programmable input/output pins. It then discusses Arduino, describing it as an open-source electronics prototyping platform intended for artists, designers, and hobbyists to create interactive objects. The chapter explains that Arduino can sense its environment using sensors and affect its surroundings using actuators connected to its input/output pins.

Phy1

Muhammad968_

1. Cells connected in series have their emfs add up but their currents remain equal. Cells in parallel have the same emf but their currents divide. 2. The internal resistance of cells in series adds up while the reciprocal of the internal resistance adds up for parallel cells. 3. A mixed grouping of cells has some cells in series forming rows, and the rows in parallel. The total resistance is minimized when the rows' resistance equals the series resistance within rows.

Complete CHAPTER 3 Data Communication.pdf

ELEMENT COMPOUND & MIXTURES ELEMENT

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ELEMENT COMPOUND & MIXTURES ELEMENT