The document discusses soft skills that are important for nurses. It defines soft skills as personal attributes that enable effective interaction, such as communication abilities, social graces, and emotional empathy. It identifies several key soft skills for nurses, including adaptability, flexibility, initiative, patience, problem-solving, professionalism, confidence, empathy, teamwork, networking, observation. Developing these soft skills can help nurses effectively communicate with patients, deliver safe and quality care, and build trust in their work.
This document discusses mental hygiene, mental health, and strategies for promoting mental health. It defines mental hygiene as measures to reduce mental illness through prevention and early treatment. Mental health is defined as a state of balance and harmony between oneself and others. The document outlines concepts of mental hygiene including prevention, preservation, curative measures, and balanced personality development. It describes characteristics of mentally healthy individuals and warning signs of poor mental health. Finally, it discusses strategies for primary and secondary prevention of mental illness through strengthening individuals, families, and communities.
Introduction: Clinical sociology merges sociological principles with applied practice to enhance individual and collective well-being. It leverages sociological insights to diagnose, intervene, and improve social issues, emphasizing the practical application of sociological knowledge in therapeutic contexts.
Definition: Clinical sociology applies sociological theories and methods to analyze and address social issues impacting individuals and communities. It focuses on practical interventions, collaborating with various stakeholders to foster positive social change, resilience, and empowerment. In essence, it bridges the gap between academic sociology and real-world challenges, aiming to improve social functioning and well-being.
Role of nurse in developmental psychology, unit 4, psychology B.sc Nursing.Sumity Arora
Ā
Unit 4, psychology ,
Developmental psychology
ļ· Physical, psychosocial and cognitive
development across life span ā Prenatal
through early childhood, middle to late
childhood through adolescence, early and
mid-adulthood, late adulthood, death and
dying
ļ· Role of nurse in supporting normal growth
and development across the life span
ļ· Psychological needs of various groups in
health and sickness ā Infancy, childhood,
adolescence, adulthood and older adult
ļ· Introduction to child psychology and role of
nurse in meeting the psychological needs of children
A nurse fulfills many roles including caregiver, clinical decision maker, advocate, case manager, rehabilitator, comforter, communicator, teacher, and leader. As a caregiver, the nurse helps clients regain their health through the healing process and preserves their dignity. As a clinical decision maker, the nurse uses critical thinking and collaborates with the healthcare team and clients. The nurse protects clients, asks about allergies, and ensures their legal and human rights are upheld.
Introduction to Nursing-
Concept
Meaning
Definition of Nursing-
1. According to Florence Nightingale
2. According to American Nurses Association
Scope of Nursing
Aims of Nursing
Roles, Responsibilities and functions of nursing
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
This document discusses frustration and conflict in psychology. It defines frustration as occurring when goal-directed behavior is blocked, creating unpleasant emotions. Conflict is described as a painful emotional state resulting from opposing wishes. The document outlines sources of frustration as external environmental factors or internal personal factors. Common reactions to frustration include increased effort, aggression, apathy and fantasy. It identifies different types of conflicts as interpersonal, person-environment, and internal. The document concludes by explaining ways to resolve frustration and conflict such as identifying their source, seeking advice, and learning to accept things that cannot be changed.
This document discusses personality and its components. It defines personality as the total quality of an individual's behavior shown through their thoughts, attitudes, interests, actions, and philosophy of life. Personality has many components, including physical appearance, character, intelligence, behavior, sociability, emotions, temperament, and interests. It is unique to each individual and influenced by both internal psychological factors and external social and environmental factors. Several theories of personality are discussed, including psychoanalytic theory and psychosocial stages of development. Personality is important for nurses to understand to effectively care for patients with different personalities.
This document discusses mental hygiene, mental health, and strategies for promoting mental health. It defines mental hygiene as measures to reduce mental illness through prevention and early treatment. Mental health is defined as a state of balance and harmony between oneself and others. The document outlines concepts of mental hygiene including prevention, preservation, curative measures, and balanced personality development. It describes characteristics of mentally healthy individuals and warning signs of poor mental health. Finally, it discusses strategies for primary and secondary prevention of mental illness through strengthening individuals, families, and communities.
Introduction: Clinical sociology merges sociological principles with applied practice to enhance individual and collective well-being. It leverages sociological insights to diagnose, intervene, and improve social issues, emphasizing the practical application of sociological knowledge in therapeutic contexts.
Definition: Clinical sociology applies sociological theories and methods to analyze and address social issues impacting individuals and communities. It focuses on practical interventions, collaborating with various stakeholders to foster positive social change, resilience, and empowerment. In essence, it bridges the gap between academic sociology and real-world challenges, aiming to improve social functioning and well-being.
Role of nurse in developmental psychology, unit 4, psychology B.sc Nursing.Sumity Arora
Ā
Unit 4, psychology ,
Developmental psychology
ļ· Physical, psychosocial and cognitive
development across life span ā Prenatal
through early childhood, middle to late
childhood through adolescence, early and
mid-adulthood, late adulthood, death and
dying
ļ· Role of nurse in supporting normal growth
and development across the life span
ļ· Psychological needs of various groups in
health and sickness ā Infancy, childhood,
adolescence, adulthood and older adult
ļ· Introduction to child psychology and role of
nurse in meeting the psychological needs of children
A nurse fulfills many roles including caregiver, clinical decision maker, advocate, case manager, rehabilitator, comforter, communicator, teacher, and leader. As a caregiver, the nurse helps clients regain their health through the healing process and preserves their dignity. As a clinical decision maker, the nurse uses critical thinking and collaborates with the healthcare team and clients. The nurse protects clients, asks about allergies, and ensures their legal and human rights are upheld.
Introduction to Nursing-
Concept
Meaning
Definition of Nursing-
1. According to Florence Nightingale
2. According to American Nurses Association
Scope of Nursing
Aims of Nursing
Roles, Responsibilities and functions of nursing
This content is regarding body mind relationship which is part of nursing students syllabus. This topic will be useful for those who are studying psychology and other medical science subjects.
This document discusses frustration and conflict in psychology. It defines frustration as occurring when goal-directed behavior is blocked, creating unpleasant emotions. Conflict is described as a painful emotional state resulting from opposing wishes. The document outlines sources of frustration as external environmental factors or internal personal factors. Common reactions to frustration include increased effort, aggression, apathy and fantasy. It identifies different types of conflicts as interpersonal, person-environment, and internal. The document concludes by explaining ways to resolve frustration and conflict such as identifying their source, seeking advice, and learning to accept things that cannot be changed.
This document discusses personality and its components. It defines personality as the total quality of an individual's behavior shown through their thoughts, attitudes, interests, actions, and philosophy of life. Personality has many components, including physical appearance, character, intelligence, behavior, sociability, emotions, temperament, and interests. It is unique to each individual and influenced by both internal psychological factors and external social and environmental factors. Several theories of personality are discussed, including psychoanalytic theory and psychosocial stages of development. Personality is important for nurses to understand to effectively care for patients with different personalities.
Communication and nurse patient relationshipEkta Patel
Ā
This document discusses communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It defines communication and discusses its elements and types, including verbal and non-verbal communication. It also outlines techniques for effective communication, such as listening, clarification, and reflection. Key aspects of the nurse-patient relationship discussed include attending skills like maintaining eye contact and body language. The document provides an overview of the communication process and methods used between nurses and patients.
The document outlines numerous qualities that are important for nurses to possess, including qualities like intelligence, alertness, technical competence, empathy, sympathy, dependability, ability to inspire confidence, and more. It discusses each quality in 1-2 sentences and provides over 30 different qualities that nurses should demonstrate to properly care for patients.
This document discusses essential soft skills for nurses. It defines soft skills as personal qualities that help one become a good employee and compatible coworker. Soft skills are important for nurses to handle interpersonal relationships, make decisions, communicate effectively, and gain professional development. Examples of soft skills for nurses include adaptability, flexibility, initiative, patience, problem-solving, and critical thinking. The top 10 soft skills for nurses are then listed as communication, attitude and confidence, teamwork, networking, critical thinking and problem solving, professionalism, empathy, conflict resolution, adaptability, and initiative and strong work ethic. Each of these skills is further described.
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind. It states that the body and mind cannot act independently, as they influence each other in an integrated response. A healthy mind exists in a healthy body and vice versa. The body is composed of organs and organ systems that have specific functions, while the mind refers to mental processes like thinking and reasoning, rather than the brain itself. The mind functions at different levels including conscious and unconscious levels. Both the mind and body can act upon each other - negative emotions produced by the mind can cause illness, while malfunctions of the body can affect mental functioning.
The document discusses effective communication in nursing, including the importance of verbal and nonverbal communication, factors that influence communication, barriers to communication, and phases of the nurse-patient relationship. It provides an overview of communication concepts like encoding, decoding, feedback, channels, and referents. The document also examines Peplau's five phases of the nurse-patient relationship - orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution, and termination.
This document discusses communication in nursing, including definitions of communication, levels of communication, elements and processes of communication, types and modes of communication (verbal and nonverbal), factors influencing communication, methods and barriers of effective communication, techniques of effective communication, untherapeutic communication techniques, professional communication in nursing, helping relationships between nurses and patients, maintaining effective communication with vulnerable groups, and qualities necessary for helping relationships.
The document discusses concepts of mental health and illness. It defines mental health as a state of well-being where one can cope with stress and contribute to their community. Mental illness is defined as impairments due to disturbances. Mental health and illness exist on a continuum, with characteristics of mentally healthy people including self-knowledge and social adjustment. Strategies to maintain mental hygiene include forgiveness, accepting responsibility, and avoiding negativity, while signs of poor mental health include unstable emotions and behavioral issues.
Patient teaching, also known as patient education, involves informing patients to secure informed consent and promote patient compliance. The nurse's role includes assessing learning needs, developing objectives, planning and implementing teaching, evaluating learning, and documenting the process. Key aspects of patient teaching include maintaining health, preventing illness, and teaching patients to manage their condition. The teaching process considers the patient's educational background, health perceptions, and knowledge. Nurse educators must plan teaching appropriately and be available for incidental lessons.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals through common symbols. It has several purposes in healthcare including collecting data, initiating interventions, and evaluating outcomes. There are different levels of communication ranging from casual acquaintances to close friends. Effective communication requires skills like active listening, empathy, and maintaining confidentiality. Barriers can occur at physiological, psychological, environmental, and cultural levels. Maintaining good nurse-patient relationships and providing effective patient teaching are important aspects of communication in healthcare.
The document discusses equipment, linen, and medical supplies used in hospitals. It defines equipment as fixed or portable items used for diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Linen refers to clothing items like cotton used in hospitals. Medical supplies include consumable and disposable items used for patient treatment. The document outlines the maintenance, cleaning, and sterilization processes for various equipment, linen, glassware, and other supplies to prevent infection and ensure proper functioning.
5. promotive and preventive mental health strategies and service by S.Lakshma...LAKSHMANAN S
Ā
The document outlines various strategies for promoting positive mental health, including strategies for adjusting to oneself and one's environment. Strategies for adjusting to oneself include knowing one's strengths and limitations, accepting oneself, balancing aspirations with abilities, and integrating different aspects of oneself. Strategies for adjusting to one's environment involve understanding others, accepting individual differences, socializing, balancing development, managing emotions, having a positive attitude towards work, bearing life's stresses, maintaining physical health, and having faith.
Code of ethics and Code of Professional ConductKenneth Kekal
Ā
The document provides an overview of the code of ethics and code of professional conduct for nurses in India as established by the Indian Nursing Council (INC). It defines key terms like ethics, nursing, and provides the specific ethical principles and 5 elements that make up the INC code of ethics for nurses. These principles guide nurses relationships with people, their practice, society, coworkers and profession. The document also outlines the INC code of professional conduct which establishes standards for nurses' professional responsibilities, nursing practice, communication and valuing human beings.
The document discusses concepts related to health, illness, and healthcare services. It defines health as a dynamic state of well-being involving physical, mental, social, and spiritual dimensions. Illness is described as any impairment of physical or mental functioning due to disease, injury, or disability. Healthcare services aim to promote, maintain, or restore optimal health and are provided through various levels of care including primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing care.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
This document discusses various concepts related to social structure including society, community, association, institutions, and social groups. It defines each concept and compares their key differences. Society refers to a large group of people who share a common culture and interact to satisfy social needs. Community is a smaller group that shares a common locality. Associations are deliberately formed groups that pursue specific interests. Institutions establish standardized social behaviors and control. Social groups consist of interacting individuals who share a sense of unity. The document also examines theories on individual-society relations and causes and effects of personal disorganization.
The patient is a 30-year-old woman who had a baby girl the previous day. She found breastfeeding challenging as the baby nurses frequently and she is unsure if she is doing it correctly. You are giving a handover report in the patient's room. The document discusses the importance of communication in nursing and provides examples of both therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques.
The document outlines topics that were covered in lectures given by Prof. Sathish Rajamani on cultural diversity, stress and adaptation, self-concept, and other psychosocial topics. The lectures discussed how culture influences concepts of health, illness, and treatment; defined stress and anxiety; classified stressors; and described how individuals adapt to stress based on personal characteristics and the nature of the stressor. Key concepts from the lectures on cultural diversity, stress, adaptation, and coping were summarized over multiple slides.
The document discusses counseling, including definitions, purposes, principles, types, and the counseling process. It defines counseling as a helping relationship where a counselor aids a client in resolving problems through consideration of the client's perspective. The purposes of counseling are to help individuals through crises, make wise choices, and improve self-understanding. Counseling principles include maintaining client confidentiality and dignity. Types of counseling discussed are directive, nondirective, and elective. The counseling process involves establishing rapport, assessment, goal-setting, intervention, and termination/follow-up.
This document discusses soft skills that are important for nurses. It defines soft skills as personal attributes that enable effective interaction and communication. Some key soft skills discussed include:
- Communication skills like active listening, verbal, non-verbal, and written communication
- Relationship building skills like empathy, understanding cultural differences, and developing trust with patients
- Workplace skills like adaptability, teamwork, problem-solving, professionalism, and initiative
- Presentation skills to engage with audiences and understand different perspectives
- Motivational skills to elicit desired behaviors from others like setting goals and recognizing achievements
- Self-motivation skills and the ability to motivate others
The document emphasizes that soft skills are crucial for nurses to effectively communicate
This document provides information about a course on basic management skills and energy management. The course outcomes are described which include describing basics of management skills, understanding maintenance and total quality management, explaining energy management, describing energy conservation in electrical engineering sectors, understanding energy audits, and illustrating safety measures and using computers in energy management. The first unit covers basic management skills and types of skills like interpersonal skills, teamwork, negotiation, communication, time management, and stress management. It also discusses the importance of self-awareness and processes for self-knowledge. Other topics covered include defining SWOT analysis and its benefits and uses, defining perception and how to improve it, defining communication and its process and channels, formal and informal communication networks
Communication and nurse patient relationshipEkta Patel
Ā
This document discusses communication and the nurse-patient relationship. It defines communication and discusses its elements and types, including verbal and non-verbal communication. It also outlines techniques for effective communication, such as listening, clarification, and reflection. Key aspects of the nurse-patient relationship discussed include attending skills like maintaining eye contact and body language. The document provides an overview of the communication process and methods used between nurses and patients.
The document outlines numerous qualities that are important for nurses to possess, including qualities like intelligence, alertness, technical competence, empathy, sympathy, dependability, ability to inspire confidence, and more. It discusses each quality in 1-2 sentences and provides over 30 different qualities that nurses should demonstrate to properly care for patients.
This document discusses essential soft skills for nurses. It defines soft skills as personal qualities that help one become a good employee and compatible coworker. Soft skills are important for nurses to handle interpersonal relationships, make decisions, communicate effectively, and gain professional development. Examples of soft skills for nurses include adaptability, flexibility, initiative, patience, problem-solving, and critical thinking. The top 10 soft skills for nurses are then listed as communication, attitude and confidence, teamwork, networking, critical thinking and problem solving, professionalism, empathy, conflict resolution, adaptability, and initiative and strong work ethic. Each of these skills is further described.
The document discusses the relationship between the body and mind. It states that the body and mind cannot act independently, as they influence each other in an integrated response. A healthy mind exists in a healthy body and vice versa. The body is composed of organs and organ systems that have specific functions, while the mind refers to mental processes like thinking and reasoning, rather than the brain itself. The mind functions at different levels including conscious and unconscious levels. Both the mind and body can act upon each other - negative emotions produced by the mind can cause illness, while malfunctions of the body can affect mental functioning.
The document discusses effective communication in nursing, including the importance of verbal and nonverbal communication, factors that influence communication, barriers to communication, and phases of the nurse-patient relationship. It provides an overview of communication concepts like encoding, decoding, feedback, channels, and referents. The document also examines Peplau's five phases of the nurse-patient relationship - orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution, and termination.
This document discusses communication in nursing, including definitions of communication, levels of communication, elements and processes of communication, types and modes of communication (verbal and nonverbal), factors influencing communication, methods and barriers of effective communication, techniques of effective communication, untherapeutic communication techniques, professional communication in nursing, helping relationships between nurses and patients, maintaining effective communication with vulnerable groups, and qualities necessary for helping relationships.
The document discusses concepts of mental health and illness. It defines mental health as a state of well-being where one can cope with stress and contribute to their community. Mental illness is defined as impairments due to disturbances. Mental health and illness exist on a continuum, with characteristics of mentally healthy people including self-knowledge and social adjustment. Strategies to maintain mental hygiene include forgiveness, accepting responsibility, and avoiding negativity, while signs of poor mental health include unstable emotions and behavioral issues.
Patient teaching, also known as patient education, involves informing patients to secure informed consent and promote patient compliance. The nurse's role includes assessing learning needs, developing objectives, planning and implementing teaching, evaluating learning, and documenting the process. Key aspects of patient teaching include maintaining health, preventing illness, and teaching patients to manage their condition. The teaching process considers the patient's educational background, health perceptions, and knowledge. Nurse educators must plan teaching appropriately and be available for incidental lessons.
Communication is the exchange of information between individuals through common symbols. It has several purposes in healthcare including collecting data, initiating interventions, and evaluating outcomes. There are different levels of communication ranging from casual acquaintances to close friends. Effective communication requires skills like active listening, empathy, and maintaining confidentiality. Barriers can occur at physiological, psychological, environmental, and cultural levels. Maintaining good nurse-patient relationships and providing effective patient teaching are important aspects of communication in healthcare.
The document discusses equipment, linen, and medical supplies used in hospitals. It defines equipment as fixed or portable items used for diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Linen refers to clothing items like cotton used in hospitals. Medical supplies include consumable and disposable items used for patient treatment. The document outlines the maintenance, cleaning, and sterilization processes for various equipment, linen, glassware, and other supplies to prevent infection and ensure proper functioning.
5. promotive and preventive mental health strategies and service by S.Lakshma...LAKSHMANAN S
Ā
The document outlines various strategies for promoting positive mental health, including strategies for adjusting to oneself and one's environment. Strategies for adjusting to oneself include knowing one's strengths and limitations, accepting oneself, balancing aspirations with abilities, and integrating different aspects of oneself. Strategies for adjusting to one's environment involve understanding others, accepting individual differences, socializing, balancing development, managing emotions, having a positive attitude towards work, bearing life's stresses, maintaining physical health, and having faith.
Code of ethics and Code of Professional ConductKenneth Kekal
Ā
The document provides an overview of the code of ethics and code of professional conduct for nurses in India as established by the Indian Nursing Council (INC). It defines key terms like ethics, nursing, and provides the specific ethical principles and 5 elements that make up the INC code of ethics for nurses. These principles guide nurses relationships with people, their practice, society, coworkers and profession. The document also outlines the INC code of professional conduct which establishes standards for nurses' professional responsibilities, nursing practice, communication and valuing human beings.
The document discusses concepts related to health, illness, and healthcare services. It defines health as a dynamic state of well-being involving physical, mental, social, and spiritual dimensions. Illness is described as any impairment of physical or mental functioning due to disease, injury, or disability. Healthcare services aim to promote, maintain, or restore optimal health and are provided through various levels of care including primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing care.
CODE OF ETHICS: The guiding principle in nursing
code are the direction of conduct , understanding of what is right and wrong while providing care in the hospital and community settings.The ICN code of ethics are the milestone to establish nursing as a profession.
This document discusses various concepts related to social structure including society, community, association, institutions, and social groups. It defines each concept and compares their key differences. Society refers to a large group of people who share a common culture and interact to satisfy social needs. Community is a smaller group that shares a common locality. Associations are deliberately formed groups that pursue specific interests. Institutions establish standardized social behaviors and control. Social groups consist of interacting individuals who share a sense of unity. The document also examines theories on individual-society relations and causes and effects of personal disorganization.
The patient is a 30-year-old woman who had a baby girl the previous day. She found breastfeeding challenging as the baby nurses frequently and she is unsure if she is doing it correctly. You are giving a handover report in the patient's room. The document discusses the importance of communication in nursing and provides examples of both therapeutic and non-therapeutic communication techniques.
The document outlines topics that were covered in lectures given by Prof. Sathish Rajamani on cultural diversity, stress and adaptation, self-concept, and other psychosocial topics. The lectures discussed how culture influences concepts of health, illness, and treatment; defined stress and anxiety; classified stressors; and described how individuals adapt to stress based on personal characteristics and the nature of the stressor. Key concepts from the lectures on cultural diversity, stress, adaptation, and coping were summarized over multiple slides.
The document discusses counseling, including definitions, purposes, principles, types, and the counseling process. It defines counseling as a helping relationship where a counselor aids a client in resolving problems through consideration of the client's perspective. The purposes of counseling are to help individuals through crises, make wise choices, and improve self-understanding. Counseling principles include maintaining client confidentiality and dignity. Types of counseling discussed are directive, nondirective, and elective. The counseling process involves establishing rapport, assessment, goal-setting, intervention, and termination/follow-up.
This document discusses soft skills that are important for nurses. It defines soft skills as personal attributes that enable effective interaction and communication. Some key soft skills discussed include:
- Communication skills like active listening, verbal, non-verbal, and written communication
- Relationship building skills like empathy, understanding cultural differences, and developing trust with patients
- Workplace skills like adaptability, teamwork, problem-solving, professionalism, and initiative
- Presentation skills to engage with audiences and understand different perspectives
- Motivational skills to elicit desired behaviors from others like setting goals and recognizing achievements
- Self-motivation skills and the ability to motivate others
The document emphasizes that soft skills are crucial for nurses to effectively communicate
This document provides information about a course on basic management skills and energy management. The course outcomes are described which include describing basics of management skills, understanding maintenance and total quality management, explaining energy management, describing energy conservation in electrical engineering sectors, understanding energy audits, and illustrating safety measures and using computers in energy management. The first unit covers basic management skills and types of skills like interpersonal skills, teamwork, negotiation, communication, time management, and stress management. It also discusses the importance of self-awareness and processes for self-knowledge. Other topics covered include defining SWOT analysis and its benefits and uses, defining perception and how to improve it, defining communication and its process and channels, formal and informal communication networks
The Interpersonal Communication is basic part of any meaningful communication between two or many persons. This is helpful to communicate others in convincing & effective manner. There are different way to communicate each others in way of verbal & non- verbal communications. The effective communications are fulfilled by different behavior skills which support to complete path. The behavior skills enhance our personality.
The document discusses communication skills training provided by Association For Academic Quality (AFAQ), an independent non-profit organization established to promote education in Pakistan. The training covers key topics like defining communication, different types of communication, components of an effective communication process, characteristics of effective communication, barriers to communication, and tips for improving communication skills. The overall aim of the training is to help education managers develop and enhance their communication abilities.
Historical Perspective, Research in Higher Education
Vincent Carpentier
UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, UK
Synonyms
The study of the past; the long-term lens; changes and continuities.
Definition
The study of the past of higher education.
Introduction
The engagement with history is an important feature of research in higher education, which has taken various forms and has been driven by various rationales (Lowe 2009). The variety of objectives, methodologies and interpretations is precisely what made the contribution of the historical dimension to the understanding of higher education so valuable although it has not come without its challenges.
Past present and future
Many factors explain why universities alongside other forms of higher education have always been the objects of a strong historical attention. To start with, Hammerstein reminds us that āEuropean universities are the oldest surviving European institutions with the exception of the catholic Churchā (1996, p.113).
Past and present
Although the historical perspective often confirms its strong potential to enrich the understanding of higher education, it does not escape from the key debates about the various conceptions of the role of history and its potential uses and misuses. Such debates question whether the use of history to inform the present is desirable or even feasible. The risk of presentism has been debated within most historical fields and the history of higher education is no exception (Hutcheson, 2010). Such controversies had the merits to sound a note of caution for those seeking to conduct or read historical research in higher education. First of all, they remind us of the intrinsic value of historical research in higher education and that āit was perfectly possible for historical explanations to be pursued for its own sake without reference to the claims of social relevanceā (Tosh, p. 47). They also incite those seeking to link past and present to be mindful of the danger of a presentist view of history and its consequences in terms of misinterpretations or anachronisms. Those are problematic issues not only in relation to the validity of historical findings but also in relation to the ways findings ātravelā, and can sometimes be decontextualized as part of an instrumental and selective use of history by media and policy circles. Acknowledging those limitations does not weaken but strengthens a reasoned approach of history seeking to inform the present. This effort of contextualisation is an integral part of a necessary productive engagement of historians with public policy (Szreter, 2011, p. 222).
2
Periodisations
The difficulty to make sense of such a long history is reflected by the variety of offered historical periodisations of higher education, which mirror the differences in the lens and the thematic chosen. The starting point of such periodization has also always been a recurrent issue. Many researchers like Perkin identified the ri
This document discusses the challenges and benefits of cultural diversity in the workplace. Some of the key challenges of diversity include communication barriers due to differences in age, gender, culture and personality that can lead to misunderstandings. Resistance to change and sociocultural factors like race, ethnicity, religion and upbringing can also present challenges. However, diversity in the workplace has benefits such as increased adaptability to meet customer needs, a broader range of services due to varied skills and cultural understanding, a variety of viewpoints from different experiences, and more effective execution of strategies through higher productivity when all employees feel included.
Communication is essential for human existence and survival. It involves the sharing of information between two or more people through verbal and non-verbal means to build understanding. Effective communication has several important goals, including building relationships, opening opportunities, developing personality, solving conflicts, expressing ideas and needs, and improving decision making. It is also important for health education by increasing awareness, influencing perceptions, demonstrating skills, and supporting behavior change.
This document discusses interpersonal communication and counseling in healthcare settings. It defines communication and interpersonal communication, and outlines the communication process and characteristics of effective communication. It also discusses the knowledge and skills needed for counseling, including active listening, empathy, and technical expertise. Barriers to communication like language and attitudes are addressed. The application of interpersonal communication in healthcare includes history taking, channeling patients to services, counseling, and socio-emotional communication to build rapport. A variety of methods can be used, including training, media, advocacy, and visual/audio aids to reinforce messages. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of interpersonal skills for effective counseling and quality healthcare.
The document discusses interpersonal communication skills for special populations. It defines communication and describes the importance of the communication process. Good communication characteristics include respect, empathy, unbiased attitudes, patience, and technical knowledge. There are different types of interpersonal communication such as verbal, non-verbal, listening, and written communication. The document provides tips for building interpersonal skills including active listening, using clear language, being aware of nonverbal cues, showing empathy, building rapport, and being open to feedback. It also discusses factors that affect communication and therapeutic versus non-therapeutic communication techniques. Finally, it defines special populations and some challenges to communication for people with disabilities.
inter personal.pptx inter personal communicationNameNoordahsh
Ā
The document discusses interpersonal communication skills for special populations. It defines communication and its importance. Good communication characteristics include respect, empathy, unbiased attitudes, patience, and technical knowledge. There are various types of interpersonal communication such as verbal, non-verbal, listening, and written communication. The document provides tips for building interpersonal skills like active listening, using clear language, being aware of nonverbal cues, showing empathy, and being open to feedback. Therapeutic communication techniques that are effective include active listening, sharing empathy, paraphrasing, clarifying, and summarizing. Non-therapeutic techniques can negatively impact patients and include giving personal opinions, changing subjects, and false reassurance. Special populations may require special consideration in
This document discusses interpersonal relationships and soft skills. It defines interpersonal relationships and describes their types and purposes. There are four categories of relationships: family, friends, romantic partners, and colleagues. Relationships are important for physical and emotional well-being by providing social support and a sense of purpose. Barriers to effective relationships include lack of cultural understanding and limited communication skills. Developing communication skills, team building, and feedback can help overcome barriers. The document also discusses time management, stress coping mechanisms, resilience, work-life balance, presentation skills, social etiquette, telephone etiquette, teamwork, and the use of soft skills in nursing.
This document provides an overview of effective communication skills and strategies. It discusses:
- The importance of effective communication in careers and personal lives
- Key elements of the communication process such as listening skills, asking questions, communication styles, and barriers
- Tips for active listening, questioning techniques, and adjusting communication style
- The overall communication process involving encoding messages, choosing channels, decoding feedback
- How to communicate effectively through listening attentively, tailoring messages, using appropriate tone and body language
The document provides tips for becoming a good communicator. It discusses communication skills, goals, and what makes a good communicator, including clarity, adequacy, integrity and timing. Tips are given for effective communication skills such as maintaining eye contact, body awareness, and conveying thoughts clearly. Barriers to effective communication are also outlined, and the "7 C's of effective communication" are defined as completeness, conciseness, consideration, clarity, concreteness, courtesy and correctness. Strategies are suggested for applying the 7 C's such as managing emotions in conversations.
DIASS UNIT I, LESSON 1_THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING.pptxImeeAumentado
Ā
This document provides an overview of an applied social sciences course that introduces counseling, social work, and communication. It outlines the expected learning outcomes which are to demonstrate competencies in interacting with others, applying principles of these disciplines, and analyzing how processes work in specific situations. The course is divided into four units covering these topics and the importance of social sciences. Definitions of social sciences and applied social sciences are provided, noting the latter focuses on practical application. The first unit explores counseling, defining it, outlining its goals and scope, principles, and core values.
The document discusses various aspects of communication skills. It defines communication and describes different categories including verbal, non-verbal, and written communication. It then explains the communication process, emphasizing encoding and decoding messages, feedback, and choosing appropriate channels. Barriers to effective communication are also addressed, including cultural differences and use of jargon. Interpersonal communication skills like listening, questioning, and dealing with conflict are also covered.
This document provides an overview of a module aimed at improving communication skills for adults with autism spectrum disorders. The module covers topics like effective communication, writing communication, customer communication, comprehending body language, and communicating in teams. It identifies some of the specific communication challenges faced by individuals with autism and provides learning objectives and methodology to help develop their competencies. The module utilizes various educational methods like interactive games and role playing to help empower participants' employability by improving their ability to communicate and integrate effectively in a work environment.
Types of Communication:
Downwards Communication : Highly Directive, from Senior to subordinates, to assign duties, give instructions, to inform to offer feed back, approval to highlight problems etc.
Upwards Communications : It is non directive in nature from down below, to give feedback, to inform about progress/problems, seeking approvals.
Lateral or Horizontal Communication: Among colleagues, peers at same level for information level for information sharing for coordination, to save time.
Characteristics of effective communications:
Effective communication requires the message to be:
Clear and concise
Accurate
Relevant to the needs of the receiver
Timely
Meaningful
Applicable to the situation
This document discusses communication theory and modern media. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving information, which is at the heart of a supervisor's job. The communication process can break down due to noise, which can be resolved through feedback. Effective communication techniques include communicating from the receiver's perspective, learning from feedback, listening strategies, and overcoming barriers. Verbal messages include oral and written communication, while nonverbal messages are conveyed without words through gestures, posture, tone of voice and more. Formal communication follows organizational charts, while informal communication like gossip and rumors does not. The grapevine is the informal communication path within an organization.
safety protocols easy to follow in health care and for third semester studentsprakruthi bargur
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Remove reflective items like watches, rings, and ID badges when working with lasers to prevent specular reflections that could expose your eyes. Block potential reflections from optics, enclosures, and other surfaces by using beam blocks and considering reflections from all angles, including upward and back reflections. Always use the correct laser safety eyewear that is approved for the specific wavelength and power level, as injuries have occurred from using the wrong eyewear. Check regularly for stray reflections, especially as setups change, and be aware that faint red dots in the 750-830nm range could actually be full power beams that your eyes cannot perceive well. Properly terminate all primary and secondary beams to avoid reflections using beam blocks, dumps and power meters
The Stuart Stress Adaptation Model outlines predisposing factors that influence how individuals respond to stressors. Biological predisposing factors include genetic background and general health status. Sociocultural predisposing factors include attributes such as age, gender, education level, and cultural background. The model also describes precipitating stressors as stimuli that are challenging, threatening, or demanding and require increased energy to cope with, potentially producing tension or stress for the individual.
This document summarizes several genetic conditions that can affect adolescents and adults. It discusses adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and Leydig cell hypoplasia for adolescents. For adults, it covers Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and hereditary hemochromatosis. Each condition is described in terms of characteristics, frequency, genetic changes, and inheritance patterns. The document provides concise overviews of these genetic disorders.
Violent behavior in psychiatric emergencies can include verbal, physical, and self-harm aggression. Verbal aggression involves harmful words while physical aggression endangers others through actions like hitting. Self-harm includes minor injuries to serious suicide attempts. Risk factors include previous violence, abuse exposure, genetics, drugs/alcohol, and stressors. Biological and psychological causes may relate to brain abnormalities, genetics, chemical imbalances, mental health conditions, and more. Treatment involves therapies like CBT to change behaviors and address underlying issues. Medications may also help regulate brain chemistry.
Intelligence refers to an individual's mental or cognitive ability to comprehend and reason. It helps people solve problems and adapt to new situations. Intelligence tests like the Stanford-Binet and WAIS measure intelligence in areas like verbal ability, fluid reasoning, and working memory. Intelligence is influenced by both hereditary and environmental factors like health, nutrition, education level, and culture. It typically develops and increases during childhood and adolescence before reaching peak levels in one's late teens or early twenties.
The heart is a hollow, muscular pump located in the chest cavity. It has four chambers - two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles. The heart's electrical conduction system controls the heartbeat and ensures blood flows in one direction through the heart's four valves. Blood enters the right atrium from the body and is pumped to the right ventricle then to the lungs, and enters the left atrium from the lungs and is pumped by the left ventricle out to the body. The heart receives its own blood supply from the left and right coronary arteries.
This document discusses effective communication skills for nurses, including making personal connections with patients, nonverbal communication, verbal communication, written communication, active listening, patient education, cultural awareness, compassion, trust, and presentation skills. Some key tips provided are spending extra time with patients to get to know them, maintaining eye contact, speaking clearly, taking accurate notes, nodding and using encouragement to show active listening, asking patients to repeat back instructions, being sensitive to cultural differences, understanding patients' perspectives, admitting mistakes to build trust, and practicing presentations.
Dissociative identity disorder (DID), previously known as multiple personality disorder, is characterized by at least two distinct personality states. Each personality may have its own sense of self, habits, and memories. DID occurs more frequently in women and is thought to develop from traumatic experiences in early childhood. Symptoms include gaps in memory, switching between identities, depersonalization, and derealization. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy and hypnotherapy to help integrate the alternate personalities.
This document provides steps for inspecting a patient during a cardiovascular assessment. It outlines:
1) Washing hands, introducing yourself to the patient, and obtaining consent before beginning inspection.
2) Observing the patient from the end of the bed and inspecting their hands, nails, skin, and eyes for signs like clubbing, splinter hemorrhages, xanthomas, jaundice, and anaemia.
3) Examining the radial pulse, elbows, face, mouth, and tongue while checking for signs of cyanosis, malar facies, and angular stomatitis.
Mental illness is defined as clinically significant conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress or impaired functioning. Some key points presented include that approximately 322 million people globally suffer from mental illness, with depression being a leading cause of illness among adolescents. Mental illnesses have various biological, physiological, psychological, and social causes. Common mental health issues in adolescents include depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Treatment options discussed are psychotropic medication, psychotherapy, light therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and prevention through nutrition, stress management, and positive environments. Teachers can play an important role in prevention by educating themselves on signs of mental illness and helping students access mental health
Therapeutic communication techniques prioritize patient well-being through exchanges that build understanding. Effective techniques include active listening, open-ended questions, restating to confirm comprehension, seeking clarification, reflecting feelings, focusing on topics, identifying themes, informing with care, appropriate humor or silence, suggesting respectfully, and sharing perceptions sensitively. A case example outlined a suicidal bipolar patient who jumped from a window and techniques used like broad openings, recognition, observations, general leads, reflecting feelings, clarifying, offering self/silence, and presenting reality to communicate caring understanding.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand nameĀ Allegra.
It is aĀ selectiveĀ peripheralĀ H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass theĀ bloodābrain barrierĀ and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on theĀ World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.Ā Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
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Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
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Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
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This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with.
Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and don't need treatment. Others are more complex. The child may need several surgeries done over a period of several years.
Allopurinol, a uric acid synthesis inhibitor acts by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase competitively as well as non- competitively, Whereas Oxypurinol is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
1. Psychology Unit :9
Application of soft Skill
1. Concept of softskill
2. Types of soft skill
3. Way of communication
4. Building relationship with client and society
5. Apllying soft skill in workplace and society
6. Use of soft skill in nursing
PRAKRUTHI
2. Soft skills
ā¢ Soft skills are non-technical skills that describe how you work and interact with
others.
3. Concept of soft skills
ā¢ Soft skills are personal attributes that enable someone to
interact effectively. These skills can include social
graces, communication abilities, language skills, personal
habits, cognitive or emotional empathy, time
management, teamwork and leadership traits. A definition
based on review literature explains soft skills as an umbrella
term for skills under three key functional elements: people skills,
social skills, and personal career attributes.[
6. Way of communication
ā¢ VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ā¢ Verbal communication occurs when we engage in speaking with
others. It can be face-to-face, over the telephone, via Skype or
Zoom, etc. Some verbal engagements are informal, such as chatting
with a friend over coffee or in the office kitchen, while others are
more formal, such as a scheduled meeting.
ā¢ NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ā¢ What we do while we speak often says more than the actual words.
Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, posture, eye
contact, hand movements, and touch.
7. Way of communication
ā¢ WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
ā¢ Whether it is an email, a memo, a report, a Facebook post, a Tweet, a
contract, etc. all forms of written communication have the same goal to
disseminate information in a clear and concise manner ā though that
objective is often not achieved.
ā¢ LISTENING
ā¢ The act of listening does not often make its way onto the list of types of
communication. Active listening, however, is perhaps one of the most
important types of communication because if we cannot listen to the
person sitting across from us, we cannot effectively engage with them.
Think about a negotiation ā part of the process is to assess what the
opposition wants and needs. Without listening, it is impossible to assess
that, which makes it difficult to achieve a win/win outcome.
8. Way of communication
ā¢ Visual communication is the use of visual elements to convey ideas and
information which include but are not limited to signs, typography, drawing,
graphic design, illustration, industrial design, advertising, animation, and
electronic resources.
9. Building Relationship with client and society
ā¢ Ability to successfully interact with a ādifficultā patient
ā¢ Adjusting for language barriers such as accents or colloquial expressions
ā¢ Clearly presenting diagnosis and/or treatment options
ā¢ Delivering a positive patient experience and a higher level of satisfaction
ā¢ Enhancing patientās compliance with medications or treatments
ā¢ Exhibiting empathy for patient/patient care
ā¢ Gaining a clear understanding of patient needs or medical issues
ā¢ Influencing a patient to adopt healthy living or lifestyle changes
ā¢ Initiating and growing a trusting relationship
ā¢ Understanding, and working with, cultural distinctions or attitudes
12. Social etiquette
ā¢ Social Etiquette Is Exactly How It Sounds, It Refers To The
Behavior You Resort To In Social SituationsāInteractions With
Your Family, Friends, Coworkers Or Strangers.
ā¢ Social etiquette is a set of rules, manners, and actions that help
people to portray themselves as pleasant, polished, and
professional human beings. People who are social etiquette
experts know how to behave and look their best in various
social situations.
13. Social ettiquete
1) Greeting people when you see them.
2) Saying āthank youā for favors.
3) Holding the door open for others.
4) Standing up when someone else enters the room.
5) Offering to help someone carrying something heavy.
6) Speaking quietly in public places.
7) Waiting in line politely.
8) Respecting other peopleās personal space.
9) Disposing of trash properly.
10) Refraining from eating smelly foods in public.
11) Paying for goods or services with a smile.
14. Social ettiquete contd..
ā¢ 12)Complimenting others on their appearance or achievements.
ā¢ 13) Asking others about their day or interests.
ā¢ 14) Avoiding gossip and rumors.
ā¢ 15) Volunteering to help others in need.
ā¢ 16) Saying āIām sorryā when youāve made a mistake.
ā¢ 17) Supporting others in their time of need.
ā¢ 18) Participating in group activities.
ā¢ 19) Respecting authority figures.
ā¢ 20) Being on time for important engagements.
ā¢ 21) Avoiding interrupting others when they are speaking.
15. Social ettiquete contd..
ā¢ 22)Nodding, smiling, and looking people in the eyes to show you are
listening to them.
ā¢ 23) Following the laws and regulations of your country.
ā¢ 24) Respecting the rights and beliefs of others.
ā¢ 25) Cooperating with others in order to achieve common goals.
ā¢ 26) Being tolerant and understanding of different viewpoints.
ā¢ 27) Displaying good manners and etiquette in social interactions.
ā¢ 28) Waiting in line for your turn.
ā¢ 29) Taking your shoes off before walking into someoneās house
16. Telephone etiquette
ā¢ Phone etiquette is the way you represent yourself and your
business to customers and coworkers through telephone
communication. This includes the way you greet a customer,
your body language, tone of voice, word choice and how you
close a call. Etiquette also involves how you listen to others
when discussing professional topics. You might use this form of
etiquette when interacting with customers or working with
others within your organization.
17. TelePhone Etiquette
Phone Etiquette
ā¢ Answer the call within three rings.
ā¢ Immediately introduce yourself.
ā¢ Speak clearly.
ā¢ Only use speakerphone when necessary.
ā¢ Actively listen and take notes.
ā¢ Use proper language.
ā¢ Remain cheerful.
ā¢ Ask before putting someone on hold or transferring a call.
ā¢ Be honest if you don't know the answer.
ā¢ Be mindful of your volume.
ā¢ Check for and respond to voicemails.
18. Motivation
ā¢ Motivational skills can be defined as actions or strategies that elicit a desired
behavior or response from a stakeholder. These strategies and actions vary
based on three major factors:
ā¢ The motivator's style
ā¢ The target audience
ā¢ The personality of the person the motivator seeks to influence
19. Motivational skills
ā¢ Ask for employee input. Regularly survey employees for their satisfaction. ...
ā¢ Offer personal enrichment programs. ...
ā¢ Validate good work. ...
ā¢ Set intermittent goals. ...
ā¢ Celebrate milestones and achievements. ...
ā¢ Radiate positivity. ...
ā¢ Create a mentorship program. ...
ā¢ Create a comfortable and inspiring workspace.
22. Presentation skills
ā¢ Presentation skills can be defined as a set of abilities that
enable an individual to: interact with the audience; transmit the
messages with clarity; engage the audience in the presentation;
and interpret and understand the mindsets of the listeners
29. Use of soft skill in nursing
ā¢ Patients rely on nurses not only for medical attention, but also for information, advice and
consolation. Nurses need soft skills to effectively communicate with patients so they can
deliver safe, quality care. A multitude of soft skills exist. Some fit certain jobs better than
others.
ā¢ 1.Adaptability : Nurses are agreeable to learning and implementing new techniques, policies procedures.
ā¢ 2.Flexibility Nurses are willing to change work hours, cover extra shifts or stay later than intended.
ā¢ 3.Initiative A nurse with initiative shows a willingness to act without being told what to do.
ā¢ 4.Patience Nurses remain calm and maintain a positive attitude when faced with difficult situations.
ā¢ 5.Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Nurses are able to assess and evaluate a situation to determine a
course of action or solution.
ā¢ 6.Professionalism Nurses are hardworking, conscientious and respectful. As healthcare professionals, they
follow workplace rules.
30. 7.Confidence
Confidence is a skill that helps you present yourself as efficient and assertive. Nurses can develop this skill to help
patients feel more at ease with their care.
8.Empathy
Empathy describes the ability to express concern and care for others, especially in difficult situations. Nurses can
benefit from this skill, as they often interact with patients experiencing worrying conditions or general pain.
Expressing empathy to patients can help them feel more comfortable in your care and help build trust and a
healthier work environment.
9. Teamwork
Nurses often work as part of large medical teams that include other nurses, doctors, orderlies and nursing
assistants. When developing teamwork skills, it's helpful to practise other abilities, such as maintaining a positive
attitude, motivating your colleagues and working towards common goals.
10. Networking
Networking is a skill that enables you to make connections with others. Professional networks are a great resource
for nurses, as they allow contact with others within their network for advice, education and even job opportunities
11. Observation
Observation skills are important for nurses because they allow them to recognise changes in their work
environments and patients, which gives them time to react to these situations. This skill is especially useful in
developing diagnostic skills, as nurses may observe symptoms and changes in the patients that might lead to a
more accurate diagnosis. Since nurses work in a dynamic environment, it's helpful to use these skills to anticipate
changes and make the necessary preparations.
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