Fexofenadine is sold under the brand name Allegra.
It is a selective peripheral H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
This document provides information on alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. It begins by introducing alpha and beta blockers and their classification. It then discusses various alpha blockers including nonselective, selective alpha1, and selective alpha2 blockers. It provides details on individual alpha blockers and their uses and side effects. The document also covers beta blockers, classifying them as nonselective or cardioselective. It provides information on individual beta blockers including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses and adverse effects. The document concludes by summarizing the uses and adverse effects of both alpha and beta blockers.
Fluoxetine Capsules USP SmPC Taj PharmaceuticalsTajPharmaQC
Fluoxetine Capsules USP 10mg, 20mg, 40mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Fluoxetine Dosage & Rx Info | Fluoxetine Uses, Side Effects Fluoxetine: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Fluoxetine -Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Fluoxetine dose Taj pharmaceuticals Fluoxetine interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Fluoxetine contraindications, Fluoxetine price, Fluoxetine Taj Pharma Fluoxetine SmPC- Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Fluoxetine Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SMPC.
This document discusses pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including its definition, classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, natural history, diagnosis, and management. PAH is defined as a sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure over 25 mm Hg at rest or 30 mm Hg with exercise, caused by various genetic and environmental factors. It is classified into 5 groups by the WHO based on underlying mechanisms. Common symptoms include dyspnea and fatigue. Treatment includes anticoagulants, vasodilators like prostacyclins, endothelin receptor blockers, PDE-5 inhibitors, and in severe cases, lung transplantation.
Fluoxetine 20 mg hard capsules smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
This document is a summary of product characteristics (SMPC) for Fluoxetine 20 mg Hard Capsules produced by Taj Pharmaceuticals. It provides information on the composition of the drug, approved therapeutic indications including major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, dosing and administration guidelines, contraindications, warnings and precautions. Special warnings are given for increased suicide risk in pediatric patients, risk of seizures, and cardiac side effects including QT prolongation.
Adrenergic drugs and there classificationNitin Vaidya
This document discusses different types of adrenergic drugs. It describes alpha and beta adrenergic blocking drugs, which are competitive antagonists that inhibit the receptor action of adrenaline. Specific drugs are discussed, including prazosin, terazosin, and doxazosin as selective alpha-1 blockers, and propranolol as a nonselective beta blocker. Their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, interactions and adverse effects are summarized. The document also mentions alpha/beta blockers like labetalol and carvedilol used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Fexofenadine hydrochloride 180 mg film coated tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Fexofenadine hydrochloride Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Fexofenadine hydrochloride Dosage & Rx Info | Fexofenadine hydrochloride Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Fexofenadine hydrochloride - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Fexofenadine hydrochloride dose Taj pharmaceuticals Fexofenadine hydrochloride interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Fexofenadine hydrochloride contraindications, Fexofenadine hydrochloride price, Fexofenadine hydrochloride Taj Pharma Fexofenadine hydrochloride 180 mg Film-Coated Tablets SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Fexofenadine hydrochloride Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
Recent advances in the management of Parkinson's Disease (PD)Sudhir Kumar
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease causing severe disability. In the past 10-15 years, a lot of new medicines and treatments have become successful in helping patients with PD. The current review focuses in all approved treatments for PD
Newer drugs for the treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's DiseaseSudhir Kumar
Parkinson's disease is a common movement disorder with prominent motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity. Many patients suffer from motor fluctuations including on off phenomena, and freezing. This presentation looks at the latest drugs for treating these.
This document provides information on alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. It begins by introducing alpha and beta blockers and their classification. It then discusses various alpha blockers including nonselective, selective alpha1, and selective alpha2 blockers. It provides details on individual alpha blockers and their uses and side effects. The document also covers beta blockers, classifying them as nonselective or cardioselective. It provides information on individual beta blockers including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses and adverse effects. The document concludes by summarizing the uses and adverse effects of both alpha and beta blockers.
Fluoxetine Capsules USP SmPC Taj PharmaceuticalsTajPharmaQC
Fluoxetine Capsules USP 10mg, 20mg, 40mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Fluoxetine Dosage & Rx Info | Fluoxetine Uses, Side Effects Fluoxetine: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Fluoxetine -Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Fluoxetine dose Taj pharmaceuticals Fluoxetine interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Fluoxetine contraindications, Fluoxetine price, Fluoxetine Taj Pharma Fluoxetine SmPC- Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Fluoxetine Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SMPC.
This document discusses pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including its definition, classification, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, natural history, diagnosis, and management. PAH is defined as a sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure over 25 mm Hg at rest or 30 mm Hg with exercise, caused by various genetic and environmental factors. It is classified into 5 groups by the WHO based on underlying mechanisms. Common symptoms include dyspnea and fatigue. Treatment includes anticoagulants, vasodilators like prostacyclins, endothelin receptor blockers, PDE-5 inhibitors, and in severe cases, lung transplantation.
Fluoxetine 20 mg hard capsules smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
This document is a summary of product characteristics (SMPC) for Fluoxetine 20 mg Hard Capsules produced by Taj Pharmaceuticals. It provides information on the composition of the drug, approved therapeutic indications including major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, dosing and administration guidelines, contraindications, warnings and precautions. Special warnings are given for increased suicide risk in pediatric patients, risk of seizures, and cardiac side effects including QT prolongation.
Adrenergic drugs and there classificationNitin Vaidya
This document discusses different types of adrenergic drugs. It describes alpha and beta adrenergic blocking drugs, which are competitive antagonists that inhibit the receptor action of adrenaline. Specific drugs are discussed, including prazosin, terazosin, and doxazosin as selective alpha-1 blockers, and propranolol as a nonselective beta blocker. Their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, interactions and adverse effects are summarized. The document also mentions alpha/beta blockers like labetalol and carvedilol used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Fexofenadine hydrochloride 180 mg film coated tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Fexofenadine hydrochloride Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Fexofenadine hydrochloride Dosage & Rx Info | Fexofenadine hydrochloride Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Fexofenadine hydrochloride - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Fexofenadine hydrochloride dose Taj pharmaceuticals Fexofenadine hydrochloride interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Fexofenadine hydrochloride contraindications, Fexofenadine hydrochloride price, Fexofenadine hydrochloride Taj Pharma Fexofenadine hydrochloride 180 mg Film-Coated Tablets SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Fexofenadine hydrochloride Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
Recent advances in the management of Parkinson's Disease (PD)Sudhir Kumar
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease causing severe disability. In the past 10-15 years, a lot of new medicines and treatments have become successful in helping patients with PD. The current review focuses in all approved treatments for PD
Newer drugs for the treatment of motor symptoms of Parkinson's DiseaseSudhir Kumar
Parkinson's disease is a common movement disorder with prominent motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity. Many patients suffer from motor fluctuations including on off phenomena, and freezing. This presentation looks at the latest drugs for treating these.
The document discusses several topics:
1. Baxdrostat, a new drug to treat resistant hypertension by inhibiting aldosterone synthase. It was well tolerated in trials and significantly lowered blood pressure.
2. Finerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist approved to reduce kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes. It has fewer side effects like hyperkalemia than existing drugs.
3. Zavegepant, the first intranasal CGRP receptor antagonist approved for acute migraine treatment. It provided pain relief within 2 hours and was generally well tolerated in trials.
4. New guidelines for gastroparesis diagnosis and management, recommending pharmacologic treatment like metoclopramide
This document summarizes information about antiseizure drugs used to treat epilepsy. It discusses how epilepsy is caused by excessive neuronal depolarization in the brain. It then provides details on the mechanisms of action and important properties of common antiseizure drug classes, including how they enhance GABA transmission, reduce sodium or calcium channel permeability, and inhibit glutamate. Specific drugs like carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, lamotrigine, topiramate, and ethosuximide are discussed along with their pharmacokinetics, indications, and adverse effects. Management principles like treating any underlying causes, patient education, and avoiding triggers
This document summarizes information about asthma, including its pathophysiology, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It describes asthma as an inflammatory airway condition caused by various stimuli in genetically susceptible individuals. Key features include mucosal edema, mucus secretion, epithelial damage, and bronchoconstriction. Treatment aims to provide symptomatic relief and modify the disease through reducing inflammation and lung damage. A variety of drug classes are discussed for treating asthma, including beta-agonists, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and theophylline. Guidelines for managing acute exacerbations are also presented.
Fenofibrate 160 mg tablets smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Fenofibrate Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Fenofibrate Dosage & Rx Info | Fenofibrate Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Fenofibrate - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Fenofibrate dose Taj pharmaceuticals Fenofibrate interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Fenofibrate contraindications, Fenofibrate price, Fenofibrate Taj Pharma Fenofibrate 160 mg Tablets. SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Fenofibrate Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen used to treat prostate cancer and female hirsutism. It works by inhibiting androgen uptake and binding in target tissues. It is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the liver. Common side effects include hot flashes, gynecomastia, impotence and reduced sperm count. It can cause liver problems and interacts with warfarin, so liver and coagulation monitoring is recommended during treatment.
This document provides an overview of commonly used drugs in pharmacology including antibiotics, antifungals, respiratory drugs, cardiac drugs, corticosteroids, antiemetics, gastrointestinal drugs, and anticonvulsants. It describes the classes of drugs, their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and common side effects for each category.
The document provides an overview of commonly used drugs in pharmacology including antibiotics, antifungals, respiratory drugs, cardiac drugs, corticosteroids, antiemetics/gastrointestinal drugs, anticonvulsants, and insulin. It describes the classes of drugs, their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and common side effects. The key information covered includes how different antibiotic, antifungal, and respiratory drug classes work, examples of drugs from each class, and their spectrums of activity against bacteria and fungi.
Fludarabine phosphate 25 mgml concentrate for solution for injection or infus...Taj Pharma
This document provides information on Fludarabine phosphate 25 mg/ml Concentrate for Solution for Injection or Infusion, including its uses, dosage, side effects, and warnings. It is indicated for treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults. Serious potential side effects include severe bone marrow suppression, autoimmune disorders like haemolytic anemia, hepatic impairment, neurotoxicity such as leukoencephalopathy, and tumour lysis syndrome. Special precautions are required in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
This document summarizes information on various therapeutic drugs used to treat conditions like epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, immunosuppression, cancer, and respiratory diseases. It provides details on the drug uses, routes of administration, half-lives, elimination pathways, therapeutic ranges, and considerations for therapeutic drug monitoring for each drug listed. Key drugs discussed include antiepileptics like phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine, mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics like clozapine and olanzapine, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, the chemotherapeutic methotrexate, and the bronchodilator theophylline.
Drug Monograph and Literature Review: "Arcapta Neohaler"Joy Awoniyi
This document provides a drug monograph and literature review for Arcapta Neohaler, which contains indacaterol maleate. It is approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a once-daily long-acting beta agonist. The monograph details the drug's indications, dosage forms, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, warnings, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosing. It concludes with a review of the literature on indacaterol maleate and COPD treatment.
This document summarizes different types of analgesics. It is divided into sections on opioid analgesics like morphine, codeine, tramadol, and pethidine. It also discusses non-opioid analgesics and NSAIDs like aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, piroxicam, ketorolac, nimesulide, and rofecoxib. Each drug is described in terms of its pharmacological actions, uses, dosages, and adverse effects. Paracetamol is highlighted as a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic that is generally well tolerated and safe.
This document summarizes several newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that aim to inhibit abnormal neuronal discharge through enhancing GABA action, inhibiting sodium channels, or inhibiting calcium channels. It describes the mechanisms, indications, side effects, and pharmacokinetics of specific AEDs including vigabatrin, lamotrigine, felbamate, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, tiagabine, levetiracetam, zonisamide, stiripentol, lacosamide, rufinamide, eslicarbazepine, ezogabine, and perampanel. It also discusses several drugs currently in development pipelines as well as concludes
Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic that is well absorbed orally. At normal doses, it is metabolized through conjugation pathways and excreted in urine. However, in overdose the conjugation pathways become saturated and it is metabolized through the toxic NAPQI pathway. This can lead to glutathione depletion and liver injury. N-acetylcysteine is the antidote and works best if given within 10 hours of overdose to replenish glutathione levels before liver damage occurs. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting and liver damage signs like jaundice and coagulopathy.
This is A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias,
This PPT covers: Introduction, Generic Name/Trade name, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological class, Pharmacodynamics, Metabolism, therapeutic uses, Dosage, Adverse Effect, Precautions & Drug interaction and Contraindication
This PPT Under supervisors Drs in FUE Pharmacy
Written By a Pharmacy Student Ahmed Yehia Abu El-Naga
This document provides information on propofol, an intravenous anesthetic. It discusses propofol's history, chemical properties, formulations, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, effects on organ systems, uses, adverse effects, and interactions. Propofol is a widely used anesthetic due to its rapid onset and offset of action. It acts by potentiating GABA receptors in the brain and has numerous clinical applications beyond general anesthesia induction. The document provides detailed information on propofol's properties and clinical use.
Theophylline Extended-Release Tablets 100mg, 200mg, 300mg, 400mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Theophylline Dosage & Rx Info | Theophylline Uses, Side Effects Theophylline: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Theophylline -Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Theophylline dose Taj pharmaceuticals Theophylline interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Theophylline contraindications, Theophylline price, Theophylline Taj Pharma Theophylline SmPC-Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Theophylline Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SmPC.
Gefitinib 250 mg film coated tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
GEFITINIB Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, GEFITINIB Dosage & Rx Info | GEFITINIB Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, GEFITINIB - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, GEFITINIB dose Taj pharmaceuticals GEFITINIB interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical GEFITINIB contraindications, GEFITINIB price, GEFITINIB Taj Pharma Cancer, oncologyGefitinib 250 mg film-coated tablets. SMPC- Taj Pharma
This document discusses Blonanserin, a novel antipsychotic drug approved in Japan and Korea for treating schizophrenia. It has high affinity for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Blonanserin is orally absorbed, metabolized by CYP3A4 enzymes, and can interact with other drugs that induce or inhibit these enzymes. It is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic or mood disorders. Blonanserin is generally well tolerated with mild to moderate adverse effects like parkinsonism and akathisia. Studies found it to be as effective as haloperidol and risperidone for schizophrenia symptoms but with a better
Rifampicin is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase. Common forms include capsules, syrup, ointment, and intravenous powder. Rifampicin must be taken regularly as part of a combination drug regimen to prevent drug resistance and is commonly used with isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin to treat tuberculosis. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, and liver dysfunction. Due to interactions with many other drugs, patients should notify their provider of all medications.
This document discusses acromegaly, a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production leading to disproportionate skeletal and soft tissue growth. It begins by describing the causes and effects of excess growth hormone, then discusses clinical features of acromegaly including organ enlargement and metabolic complications. The document outlines diagnostic tests for acromegaly focusing on growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Treatment aims to control growth hormone levels and includes surgery, radiation therapy, somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists, and growth hormone antagonists.
Demulcent is derived from the Latin word demulcēre, meaning “to soothe”
Pharyngeal Demulcents coat the pharynx and soothe the throat and reduce afferent impulses from inflammed/irritated pharyngeal mucosa, thus provide symptomatic relief in dry cough.
They include Lozenges, Syrup, Glycerine, Liquorice.
The document discusses several topics:
1. Baxdrostat, a new drug to treat resistant hypertension by inhibiting aldosterone synthase. It was well tolerated in trials and significantly lowered blood pressure.
2. Finerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist approved to reduce kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes. It has fewer side effects like hyperkalemia than existing drugs.
3. Zavegepant, the first intranasal CGRP receptor antagonist approved for acute migraine treatment. It provided pain relief within 2 hours and was generally well tolerated in trials.
4. New guidelines for gastroparesis diagnosis and management, recommending pharmacologic treatment like metoclopramide
This document summarizes information about antiseizure drugs used to treat epilepsy. It discusses how epilepsy is caused by excessive neuronal depolarization in the brain. It then provides details on the mechanisms of action and important properties of common antiseizure drug classes, including how they enhance GABA transmission, reduce sodium or calcium channel permeability, and inhibit glutamate. Specific drugs like carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, lamotrigine, topiramate, and ethosuximide are discussed along with their pharmacokinetics, indications, and adverse effects. Management principles like treating any underlying causes, patient education, and avoiding triggers
This document summarizes information about asthma, including its pathophysiology, triggers, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It describes asthma as an inflammatory airway condition caused by various stimuli in genetically susceptible individuals. Key features include mucosal edema, mucus secretion, epithelial damage, and bronchoconstriction. Treatment aims to provide symptomatic relief and modify the disease through reducing inflammation and lung damage. A variety of drug classes are discussed for treating asthma, including beta-agonists, anticholinergics, corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and theophylline. Guidelines for managing acute exacerbations are also presented.
Fenofibrate 160 mg tablets smpc taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
Fenofibrate Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Fenofibrate Dosage & Rx Info | Fenofibrate Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Fenofibrate - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, Fenofibrate dose Taj pharmaceuticals Fenofibrate interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Fenofibrate contraindications, Fenofibrate price, Fenofibrate Taj Pharma Fenofibrate 160 mg Tablets. SMPC- Taj Pharma . Stay connected to all updated on Fenofibrate Taj Pharmaceuticals Taj pharmaceuticals Hyderabad.
Flutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen used to treat prostate cancer and female hirsutism. It works by inhibiting androgen uptake and binding in target tissues. It is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the liver. Common side effects include hot flashes, gynecomastia, impotence and reduced sperm count. It can cause liver problems and interacts with warfarin, so liver and coagulation monitoring is recommended during treatment.
This document provides an overview of commonly used drugs in pharmacology including antibiotics, antifungals, respiratory drugs, cardiac drugs, corticosteroids, antiemetics, gastrointestinal drugs, and anticonvulsants. It describes the classes of drugs, their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and common side effects for each category.
The document provides an overview of commonly used drugs in pharmacology including antibiotics, antifungals, respiratory drugs, cardiac drugs, corticosteroids, antiemetics/gastrointestinal drugs, anticonvulsants, and insulin. It describes the classes of drugs, their mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and common side effects. The key information covered includes how different antibiotic, antifungal, and respiratory drug classes work, examples of drugs from each class, and their spectrums of activity against bacteria and fungi.
Fludarabine phosphate 25 mgml concentrate for solution for injection or infus...Taj Pharma
This document provides information on Fludarabine phosphate 25 mg/ml Concentrate for Solution for Injection or Infusion, including its uses, dosage, side effects, and warnings. It is indicated for treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in adults. Serious potential side effects include severe bone marrow suppression, autoimmune disorders like haemolytic anemia, hepatic impairment, neurotoxicity such as leukoencephalopathy, and tumour lysis syndrome. Special precautions are required in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
This document summarizes information on various therapeutic drugs used to treat conditions like epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, immunosuppression, cancer, and respiratory diseases. It provides details on the drug uses, routes of administration, half-lives, elimination pathways, therapeutic ranges, and considerations for therapeutic drug monitoring for each drug listed. Key drugs discussed include antiepileptics like phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine, mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics like clozapine and olanzapine, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine and tacrolimus, the chemotherapeutic methotrexate, and the bronchodilator theophylline.
Drug Monograph and Literature Review: "Arcapta Neohaler"Joy Awoniyi
This document provides a drug monograph and literature review for Arcapta Neohaler, which contains indacaterol maleate. It is approved for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a once-daily long-acting beta agonist. The monograph details the drug's indications, dosage forms, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, warnings, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosing. It concludes with a review of the literature on indacaterol maleate and COPD treatment.
This document summarizes different types of analgesics. It is divided into sections on opioid analgesics like morphine, codeine, tramadol, and pethidine. It also discusses non-opioid analgesics and NSAIDs like aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, diclofenac, piroxicam, ketorolac, nimesulide, and rofecoxib. Each drug is described in terms of its pharmacological actions, uses, dosages, and adverse effects. Paracetamol is highlighted as a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic that is generally well tolerated and safe.
This document summarizes several newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that aim to inhibit abnormal neuronal discharge through enhancing GABA action, inhibiting sodium channels, or inhibiting calcium channels. It describes the mechanisms, indications, side effects, and pharmacokinetics of specific AEDs including vigabatrin, lamotrigine, felbamate, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, tiagabine, levetiracetam, zonisamide, stiripentol, lacosamide, rufinamide, eslicarbazepine, ezogabine, and perampanel. It also discusses several drugs currently in development pipelines as well as concludes
Paracetamol is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic that is well absorbed orally. At normal doses, it is metabolized through conjugation pathways and excreted in urine. However, in overdose the conjugation pathways become saturated and it is metabolized through the toxic NAPQI pathway. This can lead to glutathione depletion and liver injury. N-acetylcysteine is the antidote and works best if given within 10 hours of overdose to replenish glutathione levels before liver damage occurs. Symptoms of overdose include nausea, vomiting and liver damage signs like jaundice and coagulopathy.
This is A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and tachycardias,
This PPT covers: Introduction, Generic Name/Trade name, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacological class, Pharmacodynamics, Metabolism, therapeutic uses, Dosage, Adverse Effect, Precautions & Drug interaction and Contraindication
This PPT Under supervisors Drs in FUE Pharmacy
Written By a Pharmacy Student Ahmed Yehia Abu El-Naga
This document provides information on propofol, an intravenous anesthetic. It discusses propofol's history, chemical properties, formulations, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, effects on organ systems, uses, adverse effects, and interactions. Propofol is a widely used anesthetic due to its rapid onset and offset of action. It acts by potentiating GABA receptors in the brain and has numerous clinical applications beyond general anesthesia induction. The document provides detailed information on propofol's properties and clinical use.
Theophylline Extended-Release Tablets 100mg, 200mg, 300mg, 400mg Taj Pharma: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, Theophylline Dosage & Rx Info | Theophylline Uses, Side Effects Theophylline: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, Theophylline -Drug Information –Taj Pharma, Theophylline dose Taj pharmaceuticals Theophylline interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical Theophylline contraindications, Theophylline price, Theophylline Taj Pharma Theophylline SmPC-Taj Pharma Stay connected to all updated on Theophylline Taj Pharmaceuticals Mumbai. Patient Information Leaflets, SmPC.
Gefitinib 250 mg film coated tablets smpc- taj pharmaceuticalsTaj Pharma
GEFITINIB Taj Pharma : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings, GEFITINIB Dosage & Rx Info | GEFITINIB Uses, Side Effects -: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings, GEFITINIB - Drug Information - Taj Pharma, GEFITINIB dose Taj pharmaceuticals GEFITINIB interactions, Taj Pharmaceutical GEFITINIB contraindications, GEFITINIB price, GEFITINIB Taj Pharma Cancer, oncologyGefitinib 250 mg film-coated tablets. SMPC- Taj Pharma
This document discusses Blonanserin, a novel antipsychotic drug approved in Japan and Korea for treating schizophrenia. It has high affinity for dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. Blonanserin is orally absorbed, metabolized by CYP3A4 enzymes, and can interact with other drugs that induce or inhibit these enzymes. It is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychotic or mood disorders. Blonanserin is generally well tolerated with mild to moderate adverse effects like parkinsonism and akathisia. Studies found it to be as effective as haloperidol and risperidone for schizophrenia symptoms but with a better
Rifampicin is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase. Common forms include capsules, syrup, ointment, and intravenous powder. Rifampicin must be taken regularly as part of a combination drug regimen to prevent drug resistance and is commonly used with isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and streptomycin to treat tuberculosis. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, headache, and liver dysfunction. Due to interactions with many other drugs, patients should notify their provider of all medications.
This document discusses acromegaly, a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production leading to disproportionate skeletal and soft tissue growth. It begins by describing the causes and effects of excess growth hormone, then discusses clinical features of acromegaly including organ enlargement and metabolic complications. The document outlines diagnostic tests for acromegaly focusing on growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Treatment aims to control growth hormone levels and includes surgery, radiation therapy, somatostatin analogues, dopamine agonists, and growth hormone antagonists.
Similar to 2nd generation Antihistaminic-Part II.pptx (20)
Demulcent is derived from the Latin word demulcēre, meaning “to soothe”
Pharyngeal Demulcents coat the pharynx and soothe the throat and reduce afferent impulses from inflammed/irritated pharyngeal mucosa, thus provide symptomatic relief in dry cough.
They include Lozenges, Syrup, Glycerine, Liquorice.
Antitussives also k/a cough centre suppressants, these drugs act in CNS to raise the threshold of cough centre or act peripherally in the respiratory tract to reduce tussal impulses.
Antitussives should be used only for dry nonproductive cough, or if it is unduly tiring, disturbs sleep or is hazardous (rib fracture, hernia, piles, cardiac disease, ocular surgery).
First and only Histaminergic treatment for Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in adult patients with Narcolepsy
Pitolisant comes under the brand name ‘Wakix’
Approved on 15th August,2019
Daxibotulinumtoxin A-lanm comes under the brand name Daxxify.
First and Only Peptide-Formulated Neuromodulator with long lasting results.
Approved by US- FDA on 7th September 2022
Solriamfetol-Dopamine and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor .pptxMadhumita Dixit
Solriamfetol sold under brand name “Sunosi”
It is a Dopamine and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (DNRI) indicated to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
Date of Approval: March 20, 2019
Preferential and selective COX-2 inhibitors.pptxMadhumita Dixit
Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors -These drugs have three major therapeutic actions
1)Anti-inflammatory action: The decrease in prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin reduces vasodilatation and, indirectly, oedema. Accumulation of inflammatory cells is not directly reduced.
2) Analgesic effect: Decreased prostaglandin generation means less sensitization of nociceptive nerve endings to inflammatory mediators such as Bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptamine. Relief of headache is probably a result of decreased prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation.
3) Antipyretic effect: Interleukin-1 releases prostaglandins in the central nervous system, where they elevate the hypothalamic set point for temperature control, thus causing fever, NSAIDs prevent this.
It is an alkaloid obtained from the plant Colchicum Autumnale.
It is neither analgesic, nor anti-inflammatory, but specifically suppresses gouty inflammation.
It was first described for treatment of rheumatism
and swelling in the Ebers Papyrus(Egyptian medical text) in 1500 BC.
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
Allopurinol, a uric acid synthesis inhibitor acts by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase competitively as well as non- competitively, Whereas Oxypurinol is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Selective alpha1 blockers are Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin and Silodosin majorly used to treat BPH, also hypertension, PTSD, Raynaud's phenomenon, CHF
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Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
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A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with.
Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and don't need treatment. Others are more complex. The child may need several surgeries done over a period of several years.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
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Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
2. Fexofenadine is sold under the brand
name Allegra.
It is a selective peripheral H1 blocker. It is classified
as a second-generation antihistamine because it is
less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and causes
lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation
antihistamines.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of
Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been
manufactured in generic form since 2011.
3. Fexofenadine is the active metabolite
of terfenadine, the first nonsedating SGA that was
withdrawn because of several deaths due to
polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (Torsades de
pointes) occurring with its higher doses or when it was co
administered with CYP3A4 inhibitors (erythromycin,
clarithromycin,ketoconazole, itraconazole, etc.)
Fexofenadine does not prolong QTc interval.
4. Fexofenadine is a substrate of CYP3A4, but only about
5% is metabolized by the liver. Since it is minimally
metabolized. no interaction with CYP3A4 inhibitors
have been reported.
It is largely free of arrhythmogenic potential, but
some cases of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with
preexisting long QT interval have been reported .Thus,
it is not entirely safe in patients with long QT,
bradycardia or hypokalemia.
6. Uses-
1)Allergic rhinitis- Their effect is confined to the
suppression of symptoms attributable to
the histamine released by the antigen-antibody
reaction. It provides relief from repeated
sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes or skin, and
general body fatigue.
2)Also used in t/t of chronic urticaria.
7. Adverse effects- >10%-
1)headache
2)Vomiting (children 6months to 5 years)
Dosage forms:
• Suspension
•Tablet
•DispersibleTablet
•Usual Adult Dose for Allergic Rhinitis and urticaria-
180 mg orally OD OR 60 mg orally BD
-Maximum dose: 180 mg/day
8. Fexofenadine tablets and orally disintegrating tablets
are not FDA approved for children less than 6 years of
age, while oral suspension is FDA approved for
prescription use in those 6 months and older and for
over-the-counter use in those 2 Years and older
Pediatric Dose for Allergic Rhinitis and urticaria -
6 months to 2 years: 15 mg orally BD
2 years to 11 years: 30 mg orally BD
12 years and older: 180 mg orally OD OR 60 mg orally
BD
9. Renally Impairement-
•There is increase in bioavailability and half-life
therefore a dose of 60 mg OD is recommended as the
starting dose in adult patients with decreased renal
function.
•For pediatric patients with decreased renal function,
the recommended starting dose of Fexofenadine is
30 mg OD for patients 2 to 11 years of age and
15 mg OD for patients 6 months to less than 2 years of
age.
Hepatic impairement-no dose adjustment required
10. FEXOFENADINE IN PREGNANCY-
Category C: Animal reproduction studies have shown an
adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate
and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential
benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant
women despite potential risks.
11. Drug Interactions-
1. Fexofenadine + Antacids
Fexofenadine hydrochloride should not be taken closely
in time with aluminum and magnesium containing
antacid. Antacids neutralize fexofenadine hydrochloride
leading to several products resulting in insoluble
compounds.
2. ketoconazole, erythromycin + fexofenadine
Fexofenadine has been shown to exhibit minimal ( 5%)
metabolism. However, co administration of
Fexofenadine hydrochloride with either ketoconazole or
erythromycin led to increased plasma concentrations of
Fexofenadine in healthy adult subjects .
12. ketoconazole will increase the level or effect of
fexofenadine by inhibiting P-gps efflux transporter.
reduced P-gp activity in the intestinal membranes may
result in increased systemic absorption owing to a
reduction in the amount of drug that is actively
pumped back into the intestinal tract. Fexofenadine is
a well-identified substrate of P-gp
3.Fruit Juices + fexofenadine
Fruit juices such as grapefruit, orange and apple may
reduce the bioavailability and exposure of
Fexofenadine.
High fat meals also decrease BA of fexofenadine by
approx 50%
13. Azelastine-This newer H1 blocker has good topical
activity: in addition it inhibits histamine release and
inflammatory reaction triggered by LTs and PAF. Given
by nasal spray for seasonal and perennial allergic
rhinitis it provides quick symptomatic relief lasting 12
hrs.
Rupatidine- It has PAF antagonistic property leading
to anti-inflammatory effect.
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