The submandibular gland and tongue are described. The submandibular gland is J-shaped and located in the digastric triangle below the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. The submandibular duct drains saliva from the gland into the floor of the mouth. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that aid in speech, taste, chewing and swallowing. Both structures receive blood supply from the facial artery and have nerve connections involving the lingual, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves.
The submandibular gland and tongue are described. The submandibular gland is J-shaped and located in the digastric triangle below the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. The submandibular duct drains saliva from the gland into the floor of the mouth. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that aid in speech, taste, chewing and swallowing. Both structures receive blood supply from the facial artery and have lymphatic drainage to submandibular lymph nodes.
This document provides an anatomy overview of the oral cavity and pharynx. It describes the two parts of the oral cavity - the oral vestibule and oral cavity proper. It then discusses the structures that form the roof, floor and walls of the oral, naso-, oro- and laryngopharynx. It also describes the muscles like mylohyoid, geniohyoid and genioglossus that act on these structures. The document concludes with sections on the nerve supply, muscles and lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity and pharynx.
This document provides an anatomy overview of the oral cavity and pharynx. It describes the two parts of the oral cavity - the oral vestibule and oral cavity proper. It then discusses the structures that form the roof, floor and walls of the oral, naso-, oro- and laryngopharynx. It also describes the muscles of the tongue, floor of mouth and pharyngeal walls. The document concludes with descriptions of spaces in the oral cavity like the sublingual and submandibular spaces, as well as the retromolar trigone and pterygomandibular raphe.
This document provides an overview of the submandibular region, including its deep structures like salivary glands, muscles, arteries and nerves. It describes the submandibular gland in detail, including its parts, surfaces, relations and duct. It also summarizes the sublingual gland, submandibular ganglion and their roles in the region.
The document describes the anatomy of structures in the submandibular region of the neck, including muscles, salivary glands, nerves and vessels. It discusses the digastric muscle, mylohyoid muscle, stylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid muscle, genioglossus muscle, hyoglossus muscle, submandibular gland, sublingual gland and lingual nerve. Relationships between these structures are defined, along with origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions of the muscles.
The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the three major salivary glands in the human body. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below and in front of each ear. The submandibular gland is located beneath the lower jaw bone and has both superficial and deep lobes. The sublingual gland is found under the tongue in the floor of the mouth and has multiple ducts that drain into the submandibular duct. All three glands are supplied by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves and have roles in secreting saliva to aid in digestion.
The document summarizes the anatomy and function of the major salivary glands. It describes the three major salivary glands: the parotid gland located below the ear, the submandibular gland below the mandible, and the sublingual gland under the tongue. It outlines the location, duct system, blood supply and innervation of each gland. The major glands secrete saliva through ducts to moisten food and oral cavity. Minor salivary glands are also present in various oral tissues.
The submandibular gland and tongue are described. The submandibular gland is J-shaped and located in the digastric triangle below the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. The submandibular duct drains saliva from the gland into the floor of the mouth. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that aid in speech, taste, chewing and swallowing. Both structures receive blood supply from the facial artery and have nerve connections involving the lingual, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves.
The submandibular gland and tongue are described. The submandibular gland is J-shaped and located in the digastric triangle below the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. The submandibular duct drains saliva from the gland into the floor of the mouth. The tongue has intrinsic and extrinsic muscles that aid in speech, taste, chewing and swallowing. Both structures receive blood supply from the facial artery and have lymphatic drainage to submandibular lymph nodes.
This document provides an anatomy overview of the oral cavity and pharynx. It describes the two parts of the oral cavity - the oral vestibule and oral cavity proper. It then discusses the structures that form the roof, floor and walls of the oral, naso-, oro- and laryngopharynx. It also describes the muscles like mylohyoid, geniohyoid and genioglossus that act on these structures. The document concludes with sections on the nerve supply, muscles and lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity and pharynx.
This document provides an anatomy overview of the oral cavity and pharynx. It describes the two parts of the oral cavity - the oral vestibule and oral cavity proper. It then discusses the structures that form the roof, floor and walls of the oral, naso-, oro- and laryngopharynx. It also describes the muscles of the tongue, floor of mouth and pharyngeal walls. The document concludes with descriptions of spaces in the oral cavity like the sublingual and submandibular spaces, as well as the retromolar trigone and pterygomandibular raphe.
This document provides an overview of the submandibular region, including its deep structures like salivary glands, muscles, arteries and nerves. It describes the submandibular gland in detail, including its parts, surfaces, relations and duct. It also summarizes the sublingual gland, submandibular ganglion and their roles in the region.
The document describes the anatomy of structures in the submandibular region of the neck, including muscles, salivary glands, nerves and vessels. It discusses the digastric muscle, mylohyoid muscle, stylohyoid muscle, geniohyoid muscle, genioglossus muscle, hyoglossus muscle, submandibular gland, sublingual gland and lingual nerve. Relationships between these structures are defined, along with origins, insertions, nerve supply and actions of the muscles.
The parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands are the three major salivary glands in the human body. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below and in front of each ear. The submandibular gland is located beneath the lower jaw bone and has both superficial and deep lobes. The sublingual gland is found under the tongue in the floor of the mouth and has multiple ducts that drain into the submandibular duct. All three glands are supplied by both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves and have roles in secreting saliva to aid in digestion.
The document summarizes the anatomy and function of the major salivary glands. It describes the three major salivary glands: the parotid gland located below the ear, the submandibular gland below the mandible, and the sublingual gland under the tongue. It outlines the location, duct system, blood supply and innervation of each gland. The major glands secrete saliva through ducts to moisten food and oral cavity. Minor salivary glands are also present in various oral tissues.
Submandibular gland and hyoglossus muscle and its relationsmgmcri1234
The submandibular gland lies in the submandibular triangle and fossa of the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts, and its duct passes upwards to open by the frenulum linguae. The hyoglossus muscle originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue, depressing it. It has superficial relations to the mylohyoid, lingual nerve and submandibular ganglion, and deep relations to the middle constrictor muscle and lingual artery.
This document provides an overview of the salivary glands, including their anatomy, physiology, and functions. It describes the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands - as well as the minor salivary glands. It discusses the structure, location, relations, blood supply, innervation, and duct system of each gland. It also covers the composition and role of saliva, as well as the neural control of salivary secretion.
The submandibular gland is located beneath the lower jaw. It is roughly the size of a walnut and weighs 10-20 grams. The submandibular gland has two parts - a larger superficial part and smaller deep part. It receives blood supply from the sublingual and submental arteries and drains into the common facial and lingual veins. The gland is innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion as well as sympathetic fibers from the cervical ganglia. Obstruction of the submandibular duct can cause sialolithiasis or salivary calculi formation leading to xerostomia.
The document discusses the anatomy and pathologies of the major salivary glands. It details the location and structure of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It also describes common disorders that can affect the salivary glands such as infections, tumors, duct obstructions, and systemic conditions. Physical examinations, imaging tests, biopsies and their roles in diagnosis are outlined.
The document provides information about salivary glands and saliva. It discusses the anatomy, histology, physiology and functions of saliva. There are three pairs of major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. Saliva is composed of water, electrolytes, enzymes and other proteins. It is produced for lubrication, digestion and protection of teeth and oral cavity. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below and in front of the ear. The submandibular gland is the second largest, located under the jaw bone. The sublingual gland is the smallest, located under the tongue.
Salivary glands secrete saliva, which plays an important role in maintaining oral health. There are three major salivary glands - the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and is located below the external ear. The submandibular gland is located beneath the mandible. The sublingual gland is the smallest salivary gland and is located under the tongue. Saliva contains enzymes and minerals that protect teeth from decay and support digestion. The salivary glands and saliva play an essential role in oral health.
LYMPH NODES OF HEAD AND NECK AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL LYMPHA...Dr. Monali Prajapati
1. Introduction
a. Anatomy
b. Structure
c. Function
2. Lymph nodes of head and neck
3. Drainage
4. Lymph node levels and sublevels
5. Clinical examination of nodes
6. Diagnosis
7. Causes of cervical lymphadenopathy
8. Differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy
9. References
The document discusses the anatomy of facial spaces, specifically focusing on the fasciae of the head and neck. It describes the layers of fascia including the superficial fascia, deep cervical fascia with its anterior, middle, and posterior layers. The anterior layer includes the investing, parotideomasseteric, and temporal fasciae. The middle layer divides structures of the neck. The posterior layer contains the alar and prevertebral fasciae. Understanding the fascial layers and spaces is important for managing head and neck infections.
The floor of the mouth is a small horseshoe-shaped region located beneath the tongue and above the mylohyoid muscles. It contains the sublingual glands and ducts, as well as lingual nerves and vessels. The mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles attach to the hyoid bone and allow tongue movement. Infections in the sublingual space from the teeth can spread to surrounding areas. Complications from oral surgery in this region include hemorrhage, hematoma formation, and damage to structures like the lingual nerve. Pathologies such as sialoliths, dermoid cysts, and ranulas may also involve the floor of the mouth. Careful surgical planning is needed
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The submandibular gland is a major salivary gland located in the submandibular region under the mandible. It develops from endodermal buds in the floor of the mouth and grows posteriorly lateral to the tongue. The gland has both superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. It is a branched tubuloacinar gland composed of serous and mucous acini that secrete saliva. The submandibular gland duct, called Wharton's duct, emerges from the deep part of the gland and opens on the floor of the mouth. The gland is supplied by the facial artery and drains into submandibular lymph nodes.
The document describes the anatomy and clinical presentation of oral cancers. It discusses that oral cancers most commonly occur in males in their 6th-7th decades, often associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The majority are squamous cell carcinomas of the lips, tongue, floor of mouth, gingiva and hard palate that typically present with ulcers, masses, pain or bleeding and can invade locally or metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. Treatment involves surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy for advanced or high-risk features.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the oral cavity, including structures like the palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and associated glands and muscles. Key points covered include the different regions of the palate, the papillae and tissues of the tongue, muscles like the mylohyoid that form the floor of the mouth, and lymphatic drainage patterns from structures in the oral cavity. The summary describes the major anatomical structures and features discussed in the document in 3 sentences or less.
The oral cavity contains several important structures including the palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The palate separates the oral and nasal cavities. The tongue aids in swallowing, speech, and taste. The floor of the mouth contains the mylohyoid muscle and several salivary glands - the submandibular, sublingual, and parotid glands - which secrete saliva to aid digestion and speech. Lymphatic drainage of the oral structures drains to cervical lymph nodes.
This document discusses important oral anatomy considerations for implant dentistry. It outlines key anatomical structures including the mandibular foramen, inferior alveolar canal, mental foramen, mandibular incisive canal, lingual foramen and related structures. Details are provided on the locations and variations of these structures to enhance patient evaluation and surgical precision for implant placement and bone grafting. Muscles attached to the mandible are also reviewed. Thorough knowledge of oral anatomy is essential for effective implant dentistry.
Introduction
Suprahyoid muscle and its embryology
Relation of mylohyoid and digastric muscle
Submandibular gland and duct
Development and histology
Sublingual gland and duct ,it’s development and histology.
Submandibular ganglion and its relations
Clinical anatomy
Blood and nerve supply of submandibular and sublingual duct
Conclusion
References
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It describes the location, structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and duct system of each gland. It also discusses the development of the salivary glands and includes diagrams to illustrate key anatomical structures and relationships.
Development of tongue and its applied anatomyriturandad
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the tongue, including its parts, muscles, blood and nerve supply, development, and clinical applications. It discusses the root, tip, dorsum and inferior surface of the tongue. It describes the four types of papillae - vallate, fungiform, filiform and foliate. Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are defined. The arterial supply is from the lingual artery and venous drainage involves the deep lingual vein. Nerve supply includes the hypoglossal, lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves. Development occurs from the fusion of swellings from the pharyngeal arches. Anomalies and clinical features are also mentioned.
The surgical anatomy of major salivary glands has many significant applications in maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these important anatomic relations- variations enables surgeons to perform the surgical procedures safely. Knowledge of these concepts helps us to recognize the problems and complications as and when they occur and manage them accordingly.
The document discusses the anatomy of the triangles of the neck. It describes the boundaries, contents, and structures related to the anterior and posterior triangles. The anterior triangle is further divided into four triangles by the digastric and omohyoid muscles. The submandibular triangle contains the submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, and the external and internal carotid arteries. The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the submandibular triangle.
journal club - scar revision with laser and narrowband intensed pulsed lightMalaM67
The document summarizes a study assessing the efficacy and safety of combined CO2-IPL and single light IPL in treating hypertrophic scars. 138 patients with hypertrophic scars were randomized to receive either 3 sessions of combined CO2-IPL or single light IPL treatment with a 3 month follow up. Results showed that the combined CO2-IPL treatment was more effective at improving scar characteristics according to POSAS scores. 100% of patients treated with CO2-IPL expressed satisfaction with outcomes compared to 84% for single light IPL. The study concludes that combined CO2-IPL therapy provides significant improvement in scar assessment and is a safe alternative for multi-photoelectric scar treatment.
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Submandibular gland and hyoglossus muscle and its relationsmgmcri1234
The submandibular gland lies in the submandibular triangle and fossa of the mandible. It has superficial and deep parts, and its duct passes upwards to open by the frenulum linguae. The hyoglossus muscle originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue, depressing it. It has superficial relations to the mylohyoid, lingual nerve and submandibular ganglion, and deep relations to the middle constrictor muscle and lingual artery.
This document provides an overview of the salivary glands, including their anatomy, physiology, and functions. It describes the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands - as well as the minor salivary glands. It discusses the structure, location, relations, blood supply, innervation, and duct system of each gland. It also covers the composition and role of saliva, as well as the neural control of salivary secretion.
The submandibular gland is located beneath the lower jaw. It is roughly the size of a walnut and weighs 10-20 grams. The submandibular gland has two parts - a larger superficial part and smaller deep part. It receives blood supply from the sublingual and submental arteries and drains into the common facial and lingual veins. The gland is innervated by parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion as well as sympathetic fibers from the cervical ganglia. Obstruction of the submandibular duct can cause sialolithiasis or salivary calculi formation leading to xerostomia.
The document discusses the anatomy and pathologies of the major salivary glands. It details the location and structure of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It also describes common disorders that can affect the salivary glands such as infections, tumors, duct obstructions, and systemic conditions. Physical examinations, imaging tests, biopsies and their roles in diagnosis are outlined.
The document provides information about salivary glands and saliva. It discusses the anatomy, histology, physiology and functions of saliva. There are three pairs of major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. Saliva is composed of water, electrolytes, enzymes and other proteins. It is produced for lubrication, digestion and protection of teeth and oral cavity. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below and in front of the ear. The submandibular gland is the second largest, located under the jaw bone. The sublingual gland is the smallest, located under the tongue.
Salivary glands secrete saliva, which plays an important role in maintaining oral health. There are three major salivary glands - the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland. The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and is located below the external ear. The submandibular gland is located beneath the mandible. The sublingual gland is the smallest salivary gland and is located under the tongue. Saliva contains enzymes and minerals that protect teeth from decay and support digestion. The salivary glands and saliva play an essential role in oral health.
LYMPH NODES OF HEAD AND NECK AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF CERVICAL LYMPHA...Dr. Monali Prajapati
1. Introduction
a. Anatomy
b. Structure
c. Function
2. Lymph nodes of head and neck
3. Drainage
4. Lymph node levels and sublevels
5. Clinical examination of nodes
6. Diagnosis
7. Causes of cervical lymphadenopathy
8. Differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy
9. References
The document discusses the anatomy of facial spaces, specifically focusing on the fasciae of the head and neck. It describes the layers of fascia including the superficial fascia, deep cervical fascia with its anterior, middle, and posterior layers. The anterior layer includes the investing, parotideomasseteric, and temporal fasciae. The middle layer divides structures of the neck. The posterior layer contains the alar and prevertebral fasciae. Understanding the fascial layers and spaces is important for managing head and neck infections.
The floor of the mouth is a small horseshoe-shaped region located beneath the tongue and above the mylohyoid muscles. It contains the sublingual glands and ducts, as well as lingual nerves and vessels. The mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles attach to the hyoid bone and allow tongue movement. Infections in the sublingual space from the teeth can spread to surrounding areas. Complications from oral surgery in this region include hemorrhage, hematoma formation, and damage to structures like the lingual nerve. Pathologies such as sialoliths, dermoid cysts, and ranulas may also involve the floor of the mouth. Careful surgical planning is needed
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The submandibular gland is a major salivary gland located in the submandibular region under the mandible. It develops from endodermal buds in the floor of the mouth and grows posteriorly lateral to the tongue. The gland has both superficial and deep parts divided by the mylohyoid muscle. It is a branched tubuloacinar gland composed of serous and mucous acini that secrete saliva. The submandibular gland duct, called Wharton's duct, emerges from the deep part of the gland and opens on the floor of the mouth. The gland is supplied by the facial artery and drains into submandibular lymph nodes.
The document describes the anatomy and clinical presentation of oral cancers. It discusses that oral cancers most commonly occur in males in their 6th-7th decades, often associated with tobacco and alcohol use. The majority are squamous cell carcinomas of the lips, tongue, floor of mouth, gingiva and hard palate that typically present with ulcers, masses, pain or bleeding and can invade locally or metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. Treatment involves surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy for advanced or high-risk features.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the oral cavity, including structures like the palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and associated glands and muscles. Key points covered include the different regions of the palate, the papillae and tissues of the tongue, muscles like the mylohyoid that form the floor of the mouth, and lymphatic drainage patterns from structures in the oral cavity. The summary describes the major anatomical structures and features discussed in the document in 3 sentences or less.
The oral cavity contains several important structures including the palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The palate separates the oral and nasal cavities. The tongue aids in swallowing, speech, and taste. The floor of the mouth contains the mylohyoid muscle and several salivary glands - the submandibular, sublingual, and parotid glands - which secrete saliva to aid digestion and speech. Lymphatic drainage of the oral structures drains to cervical lymph nodes.
This document discusses important oral anatomy considerations for implant dentistry. It outlines key anatomical structures including the mandibular foramen, inferior alveolar canal, mental foramen, mandibular incisive canal, lingual foramen and related structures. Details are provided on the locations and variations of these structures to enhance patient evaluation and surgical precision for implant placement and bone grafting. Muscles attached to the mandible are also reviewed. Thorough knowledge of oral anatomy is essential for effective implant dentistry.
Introduction
Suprahyoid muscle and its embryology
Relation of mylohyoid and digastric muscle
Submandibular gland and duct
Development and histology
Sublingual gland and duct ,it’s development and histology.
Submandibular ganglion and its relations
Clinical anatomy
Blood and nerve supply of submandibular and sublingual duct
Conclusion
References
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the major salivary glands - the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. It describes the location, structure, blood supply, nerve supply, and duct system of each gland. It also discusses the development of the salivary glands and includes diagrams to illustrate key anatomical structures and relationships.
Development of tongue and its applied anatomyriturandad
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the tongue, including its parts, muscles, blood and nerve supply, development, and clinical applications. It discusses the root, tip, dorsum and inferior surface of the tongue. It describes the four types of papillae - vallate, fungiform, filiform and foliate. Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles are defined. The arterial supply is from the lingual artery and venous drainage involves the deep lingual vein. Nerve supply includes the hypoglossal, lingual and glossopharyngeal nerves. Development occurs from the fusion of swellings from the pharyngeal arches. Anomalies and clinical features are also mentioned.
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The document discusses the anatomy of the triangles of the neck. It describes the boundaries, contents, and structures related to the anterior and posterior triangles. The anterior triangle is further divided into four triangles by the digastric and omohyoid muscles. The submandibular triangle contains the submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, and the external and internal carotid arteries. The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the submandibular triangle.
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The document summarizes a study assessing the efficacy and safety of combined CO2-IPL and single light IPL in treating hypertrophic scars. 138 patients with hypertrophic scars were randomized to receive either 3 sessions of combined CO2-IPL or single light IPL treatment with a 3 month follow up. Results showed that the combined CO2-IPL treatment was more effective at improving scar characteristics according to POSAS scores. 100% of patients treated with CO2-IPL expressed satisfaction with outcomes compared to 84% for single light IPL. The study concludes that combined CO2-IPL therapy provides significant improvement in scar assessment and is a safe alternative for multi-photoelectric scar treatment.
This study evaluated a new technique called temporomandibular joint hematoma nerve block for managing mandibular condylar fractures. The technique involves evacuating the hematoma in the superior joint space and injecting local anesthetic to block the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves. In a study of 11 patients, the technique resulted in evacuation of over 25ml of hematoma on average, reduced pain during reduction to a mean score of 1.18, and achieved a mean change in condylar angulation post-operatively of 1.83 degrees. The study concluded the technique is safe, avoids systemic effects of other medications, and allows for successful closed reduction of condylar fractures.
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JC AMNIOTIC MEMEBRAME IN PREPROSTHETIC SURGERYMalaM67
This study evaluated the effectiveness of lyophilized amniotic membrane (AM) in healing intraoral surgical defects in 15 patients. AM was grafted onto surgical defects after excision of oral precancerous lesions. Parameters like operability, haemostasis, pain control, epithelialization and infection were evaluated. AM showed good adherence to wounds and facilitated epithelialization. It was found to be an effective and cost-effective material for healing intraoral surgical defects, though it may not prevent scarring for extensive defects. The study concluded that lyophilized AM is useful for immediate coverage of small intraoral surgical defects.
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This journal club presentation compared the effects of intra-articular injections of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) versus platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the management of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). A randomized controlled study of 14 patients with internal derangement received injections of either i-PRF or PRP. Both groups showed improvements in pain, maximal mouth opening, and joint sounds over 6 months of follow-up, with greater improvements observed in the i-PRF group. The results suggest i-PRF injections may be more effective than PRP injections for treating TMDs due to i-PRF's ability to induce lavage of the synovial
This document summarizes a presentation on a novel technique called temporomandibular joint hematoma nerve block (TMJHNB) for the management of mandibular condylar fractures. The technique involves blocking the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves to evacuate the hematoma and relax muscles, facilitating reduction of fractured segments. A study of 11 patients found the technique was less painful, with a mean pain score of 1.18 during reduction, and yielded accurate anatomic results. However, the study had limitations as a small single-center trial without randomization or long-term follow-up.
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This document provides an overview of cardiogenic shock, including its introduction, causes, and management. Cardiogenic shock is defined as a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, most often caused by a severe heart attack. It involves reduced cardiac output and peripheral hypoperfusion despite adequate intravascular volume status and filling pressures. Management involves identifying the underlying cause, providing hemodynamic support, and treating the cause through interventions like coronary revascularization.
This document provides an overview of exodontia (tooth extraction). It begins with definitions, noting that the ideal extraction removes the whole tooth with minimal trauma. It then covers the types of extractions, history of dentistry and forceps, indications, contraindications, preoperative assessment, armamentarium including different forceps and elevators, extraction procedures, postoperative care, complications, and advances in the field. Key points include that extractions aim to gently lift the tooth from the alveolar process using controlled force. Medical history, tooth condition, and radiographs must be evaluated preoperatively to plan the procedure.
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Phosphorus, is intensely sensitive to ‘other worlds’ and lacks the personal boundaries at every level. A Phosphorus personality is susceptible to all external impressions; light, sound, odour, touch, electrical changes, etc. Just like a match, he is easily excitable, anxious, fears being alone at twilight, ghosts, about future. Desires sympathy and has the tendency to kiss everyone who comes near him. An insane person with the exaggerated idea of one’s own importance.
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Receptor Discordance in Breast Carcinoma During the Course of Life
Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERα, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERα or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
Understanding and managing receptor discordance is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the prognosis for breast cancer patients.
Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
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Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
9. Relations of Hyoglossus
Superficial: Styloglossus, lingual nerve,
submandibular
ganglion, deep part of the submandibular
gland, submandibular duct, hypoglossal
nerve
Deep: (a) Inferior longitudinal muscle of
the tongue;
(b) genioglossus (c) middle constrictor of
the pharynx; (d) glossopharyngeal nerve;
(e) stylohyoid
ligament; and (f) lingual artery.
Structures passing deep to posterior
border of
hyoglossus, from the above downwards:
(a) Glossopharyngeal
nerve; (b) stylohyoid ligament; and (c)
lingual artery.
10. SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND
Introduction :
This is a large salivary gland,
situated
in the anterior part, of the digastric
triangle. The gland is about the size
of a walnut. It is roughly Jshaped,
being indented by the posterior
border of
the mylohyoid which divides it into a
larger part
superficial to the muscle, and a
small part lying
deep to the muscle
11. Superficial Part
This part of the gland fills the digastric triangle.
It
extends upwards deep to the mandible up to the
mylohyoid line.
It has (a) inferior; (b) lateral; and (c)
medial surfaces.
The gland is partially enclosed between two
layers
of deep cervical fascia. The superficial
layer of fascia covers the inferior surface of the
gland
and is attached to the base of the mandible. The
deep
layer covers the medial surface of the gland and
is
attached to the mylohyoid line of the mandible
12. Relations
The inferior surface is covered by: (a) Skin;
(b) platysma; (c) cervical branch of the facial
nerve;
(d) deep fascia; (e) facial vein; and (f)
submandibular
lymph nodes The lateral surface is related to: (a)
The submandibular
fossa on the mandible; (b) insertion of
the medial pterygoid; and (c) the facial artery
The medial surface may be divided into three
parts;
(i) The anterior part is related to the mylohyoid
muscle, nerve and vessels.
(ii) The middle part is related to the hyoglossus,
the styloglossus, the lingual nerve the
submandibular
ganglion and the hypoglossal nerve
(iii) The posterior part is related to the
styloglossus,
the stylohyoid ligament, the ninth nerve, and the
13. Deep Part
This part is small in size. It
lies deep to the mylohyoid,
and superficial to the
hyoglossus and the
styloglossus.
Posteriorly, it is continuous
with the superficial part
round the posterior border of
the mylohyoid.
Anteriorly, it extends up to
the posterior end of the
sublingual gland
14. Submandibular
Duct
It is thin walled, and is
about 5 cm long. It
emerges at
the anterior end of the
deep part of the gland and
runs
forwards on the
hyoglossus, between the
lingual and
hypoglossal nerves. At
the anterior border of the
hyoglossus the duct is
crossed by the lingual
nerve. It opens on the
floor of the mouth, on the
summit of the sublingual
papilla, at the side of the
15. Blood Supply and Lymphatic Drainage
It is supplied by the facial artery. The veins drain into
the common facial or lingual vein. Lymph passes to
submandibular lymph nodes.
Nerve Supply
It is supplied by branches from the submandibular
ganglion. These branches convey: (a) Secretomotor
fibres; (b) sensory fibres from the lingual nerve, and
(c) vasomotor sympathetic fibres from the plexus on
the facial artery.
17. SUBMANDIBULAR GANGLION
This is a parasympathetic peripheral
ganglion. It is
a relay station for secretomotor fibres to
the
submandibular and sublingual salivary
glands.
Topographically, it is related to the lingual
nerve,
but functionally, it is connected to the
chorda
tympani branch of the facial nerve
(chorda tympani)
The fusiform ganglion lies on the
hyoglossus muscle
just above the deep part of the
submandibular
18.
19. Sublingual salivary gland
This is smallest of the three salivary
glands. It is
almond-shaped and weighs about 3 to 4 g.
It lies
above the mylohyoid, below the mucosa
of the floor
of the mouth, medial to the sublingual
fossa of the
mandible and lateral to the genioglossus.
About 15 ducts emerge from the gland.
Most of
them open directly into the floor of the
mouth on the
summit of the sublingual fold. A few of
them join the
submandibular duct.
The gland receives its blood supply from
the
lingual and submental arteries. The nerve
supply is
similar to that of the submandibular gland.
Editor's Notes
Relations of Posterior Belly of Digastric
Superficial: (a) Mastoid process with the sternocleidomastoid,
the splenius capitis and the
longissimus capitis; (b) the stylohyoid; (c) the parotid gland with retromandibular vein; (d) submandibular
salivary gland and lymph nodes; (e) angle of the
mandible with the medial pterygoid
Deep: (a) Transverse process of the atlas with
superior oblique and the rectus capitis lateralis; (b)
internal carotid, external carotid, lingual, facial and
occipital arteries; (c) internal jugular vein; (d) vagus,
accessory and hypoglossal cranial nerves; and (e) the
hyoglossus muscle.
Its upper border is related to: (a) The posterior
auricular artery and (b) the stylohyoid muscle.
Its lower border is related to the occipital artery
Superficial: (a) Anterior belly of the digastric; (b)
superficial part of the submandibular salivary gland;
(c) mylohyoid nerve and vessels; and (d) submental
branch of the facial artery
Deep: (a) Hyoglossus with its superficial relations,
namely the styloglossus, the lingual nerve, the
submandibular ganglion, the deep part of the
submandibular salivary gland, the submandibular
duct, the hypoglossal nerve.
hypoglossi; and (b) the genioglossus with its
superficial relations, namely the sublingual salivary
gland, the lingual nerve, submandibular duct, the
lingual artery, and the hypoglossal nerve
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