The document summarizes the glenohumeral joint and rotator cuff. It describes the anatomy of the joint and rotator cuff muscles. It then discusses rotator cuff pathology, symptoms, physical exam maneuvers, and special tests to assess the rotator cuff including the empty can test, lift-off test, and external rotation lag sign.
This document provides guidance on evaluating a patient presenting with shoulder pain or dysfunction. It outlines important aspects of the history to obtain including age, hand dominance, occupation, nature of pain, instability, weakness, and stiffness. The physical exam involves inspection of the shoulder, palpation for tenderness, and assessment of both active and passive range of motion compared to the uninjured side. Neurovascular status and special tests target specific structures like the rotator cuff muscles or assess for labral tears or joint instability. Common tests described are the empty can test, internal rotation lag sign, swinging doors test, and anterior apprehension test.
The document provides information on performing a physical examination of the shoulder, including:
An overview of the anatomy of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. Descriptions of various tests to assess range of motion, impingement, rotator cuff integrity, labral disorders, and instability. Special tests include Neer's impingement sign, Hawkins' test, relocation test, and others. A thorough shoulder exam evaluates history, inspection, palpation, range of motion, and results of special tests to identify potential pathology.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy, articulations, ligaments, muscles, blood supply, and examination of the shoulder joint. It discusses the key bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus), joints (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular), ligaments (glenohumeral, coracohumeral), muscles (rotator cuff, deltoid), and nerves (brachial plexus, axillary, suprascapular) involved. It outlines the process for examining a patient with shoulder pain, including inspection, palpation, active and passive range of motion testing, and special tests (e.g. impingement tests, apprehen
This document provides an overview of the physical examination of the shoulder, including:
1. The anatomy of the shoulder including bones, muscles, and ligaments.
2. Descriptions of various motions of the shoulder like flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation.
3. Details on clinical assessment including inspection, palpation, and special tests to evaluate the shoulder for issues like impingement, instability, and thoracic outlet syndrome. Special tests evaluate specific muscles, ligaments, and structures of the shoulder.
1) The document describes the range of motion measurements for the upper limb, including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers.
2) A goniometer is used to measure range of motion at joints, and there are several types including universal, gravity, smartphone-based, and electro goniometers.
3) The normal range of motion is provided for specific movements at each joint, such as 180 degrees of flexion and 45 degrees of extension at the shoulder, 135 degrees of flexion and 0 degrees of extension at the elbow, and 80 degrees of flexion and 70 degrees of extension at the wrist.
Assessment of shoulder injuries in primary care Monis Khan
Ā
1. The document discusses common shoulder injuries seen in primary care including AC joint separations, clavicular fractures, shoulder dislocations, and proximal humeral fractures.
2. It provides details on the mechanism of injury, physical exam findings, appropriate imaging, management guidelines, and potential complications for each condition.
3. Special tests are described to clinically assess the rotator cuff muscles and identify injuries to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
The shoulder is a complex joint formed by the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal and external rotation. Proper arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints are necessary for full range of motion of the shoulder. Static stabilizers like the glenoid labrum and dynamic stabilizers like the rotator cuff muscles work together to maintain the position of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa during
The document summarizes the glenohumeral joint and rotator cuff. It describes the anatomy of the joint and rotator cuff muscles. It then discusses rotator cuff pathology, symptoms, physical exam maneuvers, and special tests to assess the rotator cuff including the empty can test, lift-off test, and external rotation lag sign.
This document provides guidance on evaluating a patient presenting with shoulder pain or dysfunction. It outlines important aspects of the history to obtain including age, hand dominance, occupation, nature of pain, instability, weakness, and stiffness. The physical exam involves inspection of the shoulder, palpation for tenderness, and assessment of both active and passive range of motion compared to the uninjured side. Neurovascular status and special tests target specific structures like the rotator cuff muscles or assess for labral tears or joint instability. Common tests described are the empty can test, internal rotation lag sign, swinging doors test, and anterior apprehension test.
The document provides information on performing a physical examination of the shoulder, including:
An overview of the anatomy of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. Descriptions of various tests to assess range of motion, impingement, rotator cuff integrity, labral disorders, and instability. Special tests include Neer's impingement sign, Hawkins' test, relocation test, and others. A thorough shoulder exam evaluates history, inspection, palpation, range of motion, and results of special tests to identify potential pathology.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy, articulations, ligaments, muscles, blood supply, and examination of the shoulder joint. It discusses the key bones (clavicle, scapula, humerus), joints (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular), ligaments (glenohumeral, coracohumeral), muscles (rotator cuff, deltoid), and nerves (brachial plexus, axillary, suprascapular) involved. It outlines the process for examining a patient with shoulder pain, including inspection, palpation, active and passive range of motion testing, and special tests (e.g. impingement tests, apprehen
This document provides an overview of the physical examination of the shoulder, including:
1. The anatomy of the shoulder including bones, muscles, and ligaments.
2. Descriptions of various motions of the shoulder like flexion, extension, abduction, and rotation.
3. Details on clinical assessment including inspection, palpation, and special tests to evaluate the shoulder for issues like impingement, instability, and thoracic outlet syndrome. Special tests evaluate specific muscles, ligaments, and structures of the shoulder.
1) The document describes the range of motion measurements for the upper limb, including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, and fingers.
2) A goniometer is used to measure range of motion at joints, and there are several types including universal, gravity, smartphone-based, and electro goniometers.
3) The normal range of motion is provided for specific movements at each joint, such as 180 degrees of flexion and 45 degrees of extension at the shoulder, 135 degrees of flexion and 0 degrees of extension at the elbow, and 80 degrees of flexion and 70 degrees of extension at the wrist.
Assessment of shoulder injuries in primary care Monis Khan
Ā
1. The document discusses common shoulder injuries seen in primary care including AC joint separations, clavicular fractures, shoulder dislocations, and proximal humeral fractures.
2. It provides details on the mechanism of injury, physical exam findings, appropriate imaging, management guidelines, and potential complications for each condition.
3. Special tests are described to clinically assess the rotator cuff muscles and identify injuries to the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
The shoulder is a complex joint formed by the sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic, and glenohumeral joints. The glenohumeral joint is a ball and socket synovial joint that allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and internal and external rotation. Proper arthrokinematics and osteokinematics of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints are necessary for full range of motion of the shoulder. Static stabilizers like the glenoid labrum and dynamic stabilizers like the rotator cuff muscles work together to maintain the position of the humeral head on the glenoid fossa during
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that connects the femur to the pelvis. It has an articular capsule and several ligaments that provide stability. Important anatomical structures near the hip joint include nerves, blood vessels, and bursae. The hip allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation. Examination of the hip evaluates gait, range of motion, special tests like Trendelenburg sign, and imaging may be used.
Range of motion (ROM) measurements are performed to evaluate joint impairment, develop treatment goals, assess progress, and modify treatment. ROM is described in 3 planes and axes and measured using a goniometer. Active ROM is voluntary motion while passive ROM uses external assistance. Several factors determine ROM including joint integrity, scarring, age, gender, joint shape, and health of surrounding tissues. Common causes of limited ROM include contractures, arthritis, and pain. Precise positioning and stabilization are needed to reliably measure ROM of various joints like the shoulder, spine, and knee. Standardized testing procedures and documentation of measurements are important.
This document provides information about the knee complex, including its types of joints, articulations, structures, movements, and kinetics. It describes the femur and tibia articular surfaces, menisci, ligaments, bursae, and the patellofemoral joint. It also analyzes squatting movements, noting the roles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during both the lowering and lifting phases, as well as variations in squat depth.
This document discusses hip dislocations, including anatomy, classification, clinical features, imaging, treatment approaches, and complications. It describes the ball-and-socket anatomy of the hip joint and ligaments that provide stability. Hip dislocations are most commonly posterior or anterior, depending on the direction the femoral head is displaced from the acetabulum. Treatment involves closed or open reduction, sometimes along with fixation of any fractures. Complications can include myositis ossificans or avascular necrosis leading to osteoarthritis.
This document provides information on dislocation of the hip joint. It begins with the anatomy of the hip joint and classifications of hip dislocations. It then describes the features of posterior, anterior, and central hip dislocations. Reduction techniques discussed include closed methods like Allis, Bigelow, Watson-Jones, and Stimson's gravity method. Indications for open reduction include failed closed reduction or instability. Complications addressed are myositis ossificans, avascular necrosis, sciatic nerve injury, and irreducible dislocation. The document provides a concise overview of hip dislocation evaluation, management, and complications.
The document provides information on evaluating and treating shoulder joint issues. It describes functional activities and ranges of motion to assess, specific tests for examining the shoulder joint, nerves, and identifying conditions like impingement, instability, and hypomobility. Management approaches are outlined including protection phases using modalities and range of motion, controlled motion phases adding isometrics and manual therapy, and return to function phases with strengthening exercises and functional training.
A VERY NICE PRESENTAION CONCISE , ONE OF THE BEST PRESENTATION ON SHOULD JOINT AND APPLIED ASPECTS
ITS A PRESENTAION FOR POST GRADUATE AND ITS FELOW MEMBERS
AS HIGHLY RATED MATERAIAL, MOST ADVANCED TILL DATE
ITYS A MATERIAL FOR MAJOR UNIVERSITIES FOR WORLD CLASS STUDENTS. TO BE PRECISE IN EVERYTHING. A WORLD OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE A LUGGAGE FOR THE THE BEST OF THE STUDENTS.
WORLD CLASS PRESENTAION FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS.
FOR GENERAL STUDENTS CAN ALSO BENEFIT FRON THE PRESENTATION
GLAD TO PRESENT OVER THIS TOPIC
A VERY MINE BLOWING TOPIC
A VERY ACCURATE DETAILS
A MUST FOR MEDICAL GRADUATE
EXPERIANCE FACULTIES
FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
MEDICAL GRADUATE
I M IN LOVE WITH THE CONTENT
MUST FOR ALL
LOVINGB THE IMAGES
IMAFES FOR ALL. JOURNALS INCLUDED
RECENT ADVANCED INCLUDED
JBASJFKHSDJKJKSDHVJKDFHVKJDFHVJKVHSDKJVHDSJKVHJKVNSJKDVNSDJKVNDSJKVNSJKVNSJKDVNJKNVJKVNDJKNVJKVNKJVHJKHFIQOURDOIQWJDFKQWJDLKQNFLKWENNNNWJFLIOWJIOWJIWVJWKLVNWLKNVWLKGNWKLNGWKLNGWKLEFJIWEFJEWIOFJWIOEJUOWIEFJIOWEJFOIWENFLKWENFLKWEGJWEOIGJWEIOGJWIOEGJIOWEJGOIWEIFLKWEJFIOWEJGIOWEUJGFIOWEJFOIWEJFOIWEJFIOWEJFOIWEJFWLEFJWELGJLKWEFWEKLFMNWEKLGMWIOGJWIOGJWRIOGJWOIJGOPWEIR0QWFPOQIROPQWEJGLWENVLKSVNLIVJWIOBJIOWRJGOPWQHJFOIQWUJROPQWJFOPQKFPOWEJGOPWRJGOIWR LOVING IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER AND MOTHER
A COPY FOR ALL
VERY HIGHLY RATED
FOR ALLA
I M IN LOVR WITH THE CONTENTS AND TGEXT
This document discusses the anatomy and common pathologies of the shoulder joint. It begins by describing the three joints that make up the shoulder: the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. It then discusses common shoulder injuries like anterior dislocation, rotator cuff tears, and adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). For each condition, it covers clinical presentation, investigations, and management approaches including conservative treatments like physiotherapy and surgical interventions.
This document discusses common injuries around the shoulder joint, including dislocations, fractures, and ligament injuries. It begins with the anatomy of the shoulder girdle bones and joints. Shoulder dislocations, especially anterior dislocations, are the most common injuries described. Fractures of the clavicle and scapula are also discussed. The diagnosis and treatment of each injury is explained, with treatments ranging from immobilization and physical therapy to surgical repair depending on the severity of the injury.
This document provides information on basic vertebral structures and techniques for examining the spine and extremities. It describes the normal curves of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. It outlines the main anatomical structures of vertebrae. It then details techniques for examining range of motion, tenderness, and deformities of the spine, as well as tests for examining nerve root function in the upper and lower extremities.
1) Frozen shoulder is characterized by a stiff and painful shoulder with dense capsular adhesions and significant loss of range of motion over 3-4 stages lasting 2-3 years.
2) Symptoms include dull shoulder pain worsened by movement. Examination reveals limited active and passive range of motion in all directions.
3) Treatment includes oral anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy focusing on stretching and range of motion exercises, and sometimes manipulation or surgery.
The document provides details on examining the shoulder joint, including history taking and physical examination. It discusses taking a thorough history regarding pain, swelling, range of motion, instability, and related factors. The physical examination section covers inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and special tests to evaluate the rotator cuff, instability, and other shoulder pathologies. A number of clinical tests are described to isolate injuries or conditions of specific shoulder structures.
The document describes several muscles involved in hip and knee movement. It provides the origin, insertion, action, and nerve innervation for each muscle. These muscles control lateral and medial rotation of the hip as well as flexion and extension of the knee. Methods for testing the strength of these muscles are also outlined, including positioning, stabilization, range of motion, and points of resistance.
The document describes the muscles that contribute to elbow flexion, extension, and forearm supination and pronation. It provides details on the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply of the brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, supinator, and pronator teres muscles. It also outlines procedures for manually testing the strength of these muscles through resisted motions.
Rotator cuff injuries can occur due to overuse, trauma, or age-related degeneration. Common causes include repetitive overhead activities in sports or occupations. Symptoms include shoulder pain that is worsened by movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination and may include imaging tests like MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, ice, and anti-inflammatories for mild cases to surgery to repair torn tendons in more severe cases. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion and strength through a progressive series of exercises.
The document describes muscle tests of the knee joint. It discusses the hamstring muscles - semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris - and their actions, innervation, and testing positions. It also discusses the knee extensor muscles - rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis - and includes their origins, insertions, actions, innervation, and testing procedures. The document provides details on muscle grading scales, substitution movements, and effects of muscle weakness.
JOINT MOBILTY IN PHYSIOTHERAPY PPT FILESbharti pawar
Ā
This document provides information about joint mobility techniques for various joints of the body. It begins with definitions of joint mobility and common causes of limited mobility. It then describes techniques for assessing and improving range of motion in major joints like the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, cervical spine, and lumbar spine. Diagrams show hand placement and procedures for passive range of motion exercises targeting specific motions, like flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. The goal is to safely increase range of motion and maintain or restore mobility.
This document discusses the physical examination of the shoulder, including assessment of range of motion and specific tests to evaluate for common shoulder pathologies. It begins by reviewing the anatomy of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. Range of motion is assessed in all planes, including active and passive motion. Specific tests are described to evaluate the rotator cuff muscles, biceps tendon, and impingement. Conditions like tendonitis, bursitis, tears, and impingement can be identified by pain or weakness during particular range of motion activities against resistance. The physical examination provides insight into shoulder function and the source of any pain or limitations.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
The hip joint is a ball and socket joint that connects the femur to the pelvis. It has an articular capsule and several ligaments that provide stability. Important anatomical structures near the hip joint include nerves, blood vessels, and bursae. The hip allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation. Examination of the hip evaluates gait, range of motion, special tests like Trendelenburg sign, and imaging may be used.
Range of motion (ROM) measurements are performed to evaluate joint impairment, develop treatment goals, assess progress, and modify treatment. ROM is described in 3 planes and axes and measured using a goniometer. Active ROM is voluntary motion while passive ROM uses external assistance. Several factors determine ROM including joint integrity, scarring, age, gender, joint shape, and health of surrounding tissues. Common causes of limited ROM include contractures, arthritis, and pain. Precise positioning and stabilization are needed to reliably measure ROM of various joints like the shoulder, spine, and knee. Standardized testing procedures and documentation of measurements are important.
This document provides information about the knee complex, including its types of joints, articulations, structures, movements, and kinetics. It describes the femur and tibia articular surfaces, menisci, ligaments, bursae, and the patellofemoral joint. It also analyzes squatting movements, noting the roles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during both the lowering and lifting phases, as well as variations in squat depth.
This document discusses hip dislocations, including anatomy, classification, clinical features, imaging, treatment approaches, and complications. It describes the ball-and-socket anatomy of the hip joint and ligaments that provide stability. Hip dislocations are most commonly posterior or anterior, depending on the direction the femoral head is displaced from the acetabulum. Treatment involves closed or open reduction, sometimes along with fixation of any fractures. Complications can include myositis ossificans or avascular necrosis leading to osteoarthritis.
This document provides information on dislocation of the hip joint. It begins with the anatomy of the hip joint and classifications of hip dislocations. It then describes the features of posterior, anterior, and central hip dislocations. Reduction techniques discussed include closed methods like Allis, Bigelow, Watson-Jones, and Stimson's gravity method. Indications for open reduction include failed closed reduction or instability. Complications addressed are myositis ossificans, avascular necrosis, sciatic nerve injury, and irreducible dislocation. The document provides a concise overview of hip dislocation evaluation, management, and complications.
The document provides information on evaluating and treating shoulder joint issues. It describes functional activities and ranges of motion to assess, specific tests for examining the shoulder joint, nerves, and identifying conditions like impingement, instability, and hypomobility. Management approaches are outlined including protection phases using modalities and range of motion, controlled motion phases adding isometrics and manual therapy, and return to function phases with strengthening exercises and functional training.
A VERY NICE PRESENTAION CONCISE , ONE OF THE BEST PRESENTATION ON SHOULD JOINT AND APPLIED ASPECTS
ITS A PRESENTAION FOR POST GRADUATE AND ITS FELOW MEMBERS
AS HIGHLY RATED MATERAIAL, MOST ADVANCED TILL DATE
ITYS A MATERIAL FOR MAJOR UNIVERSITIES FOR WORLD CLASS STUDENTS. TO BE PRECISE IN EVERYTHING. A WORLD OF PARAMOUNT IMPORTANCE A LUGGAGE FOR THE THE BEST OF THE STUDENTS.
WORLD CLASS PRESENTAION FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS.
FOR GENERAL STUDENTS CAN ALSO BENEFIT FRON THE PRESENTATION
GLAD TO PRESENT OVER THIS TOPIC
A VERY MINE BLOWING TOPIC
A VERY ACCURATE DETAILS
A MUST FOR MEDICAL GRADUATE
EXPERIANCE FACULTIES
FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
MEDICAL GRADUATE
I M IN LOVE WITH THE CONTENT
MUST FOR ALL
LOVINGB THE IMAGES
IMAFES FOR ALL. JOURNALS INCLUDED
RECENT ADVANCED INCLUDED
JBASJFKHSDJKJKSDHVJKDFHVKJDFHVJKVHSDKJVHDSJKVHJKVNSJKDVNSDJKVNDSJKVNSJKVNSJKDVNJKNVJKVNDJKNVJKVNKJVHJKHFIQOURDOIQWJDFKQWJDLKQNFLKWENNNNWJFLIOWJIOWJIWVJWKLVNWLKNVWLKGNWKLNGWKLNGWKLEFJIWEFJEWIOFJWIOEJUOWIEFJIOWEJFOIWENFLKWENFLKWEGJWEOIGJWEIOGJWIOEGJIOWEJGOIWEIFLKWEJFIOWEJGIOWEUJGFIOWEJFOIWEJFOIWEJFIOWEJFOIWEJFWLEFJWELGJLKWEFWEKLFMNWEKLGMWIOGJWIOGJWRIOGJWOIJGOPWEIR0QWFPOQIROPQWEJGLWENVLKSVNLIVJWIOBJIOWRJGOPWQHJFOIQWUJROPQWJFOPQKFPOWEJGOPWRJGOIWR LOVING IN MEMORY OF MY FATHER AND MOTHER
A COPY FOR ALL
VERY HIGHLY RATED
FOR ALLA
I M IN LOVR WITH THE CONTENTS AND TGEXT
This document discusses the anatomy and common pathologies of the shoulder joint. It begins by describing the three joints that make up the shoulder: the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. It then discusses common shoulder injuries like anterior dislocation, rotator cuff tears, and adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder). For each condition, it covers clinical presentation, investigations, and management approaches including conservative treatments like physiotherapy and surgical interventions.
This document discusses common injuries around the shoulder joint, including dislocations, fractures, and ligament injuries. It begins with the anatomy of the shoulder girdle bones and joints. Shoulder dislocations, especially anterior dislocations, are the most common injuries described. Fractures of the clavicle and scapula are also discussed. The diagnosis and treatment of each injury is explained, with treatments ranging from immobilization and physical therapy to surgical repair depending on the severity of the injury.
This document provides information on basic vertebral structures and techniques for examining the spine and extremities. It describes the normal curves of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. It outlines the main anatomical structures of vertebrae. It then details techniques for examining range of motion, tenderness, and deformities of the spine, as well as tests for examining nerve root function in the upper and lower extremities.
1) Frozen shoulder is characterized by a stiff and painful shoulder with dense capsular adhesions and significant loss of range of motion over 3-4 stages lasting 2-3 years.
2) Symptoms include dull shoulder pain worsened by movement. Examination reveals limited active and passive range of motion in all directions.
3) Treatment includes oral anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy focusing on stretching and range of motion exercises, and sometimes manipulation or surgery.
The document provides details on examining the shoulder joint, including history taking and physical examination. It discusses taking a thorough history regarding pain, swelling, range of motion, instability, and related factors. The physical examination section covers inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and special tests to evaluate the rotator cuff, instability, and other shoulder pathologies. A number of clinical tests are described to isolate injuries or conditions of specific shoulder structures.
The document describes several muscles involved in hip and knee movement. It provides the origin, insertion, action, and nerve innervation for each muscle. These muscles control lateral and medial rotation of the hip as well as flexion and extension of the knee. Methods for testing the strength of these muscles are also outlined, including positioning, stabilization, range of motion, and points of resistance.
The document describes the muscles that contribute to elbow flexion, extension, and forearm supination and pronation. It provides details on the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply of the brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, supinator, and pronator teres muscles. It also outlines procedures for manually testing the strength of these muscles through resisted motions.
Rotator cuff injuries can occur due to overuse, trauma, or age-related degeneration. Common causes include repetitive overhead activities in sports or occupations. Symptoms include shoulder pain that is worsened by movement. Diagnosis involves physical examination and may include imaging tests like MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, ice, and anti-inflammatories for mild cases to surgery to repair torn tendons in more severe cases. Rehabilitation focuses on restoring range of motion and strength through a progressive series of exercises.
The document describes muscle tests of the knee joint. It discusses the hamstring muscles - semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris - and their actions, innervation, and testing positions. It also discusses the knee extensor muscles - rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis - and includes their origins, insertions, actions, innervation, and testing procedures. The document provides details on muscle grading scales, substitution movements, and effects of muscle weakness.
JOINT MOBILTY IN PHYSIOTHERAPY PPT FILESbharti pawar
Ā
This document provides information about joint mobility techniques for various joints of the body. It begins with definitions of joint mobility and common causes of limited mobility. It then describes techniques for assessing and improving range of motion in major joints like the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, cervical spine, and lumbar spine. Diagrams show hand placement and procedures for passive range of motion exercises targeting specific motions, like flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation. The goal is to safely increase range of motion and maintain or restore mobility.
This document discusses the physical examination of the shoulder, including assessment of range of motion and specific tests to evaluate for common shoulder pathologies. It begins by reviewing the anatomy of the shoulder joint and surrounding structures. Range of motion is assessed in all planes, including active and passive motion. Specific tests are described to evaluate the rotator cuff muscles, biceps tendon, and impingement. Conditions like tendonitis, bursitis, tears, and impingement can be identified by pain or weakness during particular range of motion activities against resistance. The physical examination provides insight into shoulder function and the source of any pain or limitations.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Emotion-Focused Couples Therapy - Marital and Family Therapy and Counselling ...PsychoTech Services
Ā
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Phosphorus, is intensely sensitive to āother worldsā and lacks the personal boundaries at every level. A Phosphorus personality is susceptible to all external impressions; light, sound, odour, touch, electrical changes, etc. Just like a match, he is easily excitable, anxious, fears being alone at twilight, ghosts, about future. Desires sympathy and has the tendency to kiss everyone who comes near him. An insane person with the exaggerated idea of oneās own importance.
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
Ā
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
Ā
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
congenital GI disorders are very dangerous to child. it is also a leading cause for death of the child.
this congenital GI disorders includes cleft lip, cleft palate, hirchsprung's disease etc.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand nameĀ Allegra.
It is aĀ selectiveĀ peripheralĀ H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass theĀ bloodābrain barrierĀ and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on theĀ World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.Ā Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
4. The shoulder complex composed of
Three bones ,
the clavicle, scapula and humerus.
Four joints,
the Glenohumeral (GH) Joint
the Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint
the Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint
the Scapulothoracic (ST) joint { false floating joint }
The shoulder allows for a large range of motion due to the spheroid
shape of the glenohumeral joint but this
(i.e. a large ball in a small socket) renders it prone to dislocation and
other injuries.
BONES
|
JOINTS
5.
6.
7. The glenohumeral joint movements :
Flexion (110Ā°) - extension (60Ā°)
Abduction (120Ā°) - adduction (0Ā°)
Internal rotation (90Ā°) - external rotation (90Ā°)
Combination of these movements gives circumduction
Together with acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular and
scapulothoracic articulations :
a greater range of motion is available :
Flexion (180Ā°) - extension (90Ā°)
Abduction (180Ā°) - adduction (30Ā°)
Internal rotation (90Ā°) - External rotation (90Ā°)
Movements
9. The glenohumeral joint is innervated by,,
The subscapular nerve (C5-C6), a branch of the
posterior cord of brachial plexus.
The joint capsule is supplied from several sources,,
Suprascapular nerve supplies the posterior and
superior aspects
Axillary nerve innervates the anteroinferior part of
the capsule
Lateral pectoral nerve supplies the anterosuperior
part and the rotator capsule
INNERVATION
13. Blood supply to the shoulder joint comes from :
The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral.
circumflex scapular.
suprascapular arteries.
BLOOD
SUPPLY
24. The bursae have both a nerve supply and
mechanoreceptors which aid
proprioceptive information of shoulder
joint position.
This shows that bursae donāt only
function as a lubricator between tissues.
28. Add your title here
Click add this section keywords detailed description of the contents of this paragraph
01 02 03 04
Inspection Screening exam Palpation Range of motion
28
29. Inspection
ā¢ Skin: redness, scars, rashes.
ā¢ Muscles: wasting, atrophy of deltoid (squaring sign).
ā¢ Bones and joints:
_swelling particularly anteriorly obscuring the coracoid process area;
this is in case of glenohumeral joint effusion.
_deformities (acromioclavicular (AC) joint, clavicle).
_scapula elevation (back), and asymmetry posteriorly.
(look at back exam for asymmetry)
30. Screening Exam
The aim is to screen for gross pathology.
ā¢ It is basically the active ROM testing
ā¢Ask the patient to abduct (ABD) shoulders to 90Ā°, then supinate forearms , continue
abduction to 180Ā°, do painful arc by bringing both shoulders to zero position again { if the
patient develops pain, it indicates positive painful arc test suggestive rotator cuff tendinitis }
ā¢Ask patient to bring his hands behind the neck (ER + ABD), and then move hands backward
over the back internal rotation (IR) and adduction (ADD) (IR + ADD).
ā¢Then try bringing your thumbs on your back as high as possible.
ā¢Ask the patient to do forward flexion and extension.
ā¢ Shoulder elevation, protraction, retraction, and circumduction.
31.
32.
33. Palpation
ā¢ Palpate for bony and soft tissue structures:
start with sternoclavicular joint , then move to feel clavicle,
AC joint,
Acromion,
Subacromial bursae (a lateral structure just below the acromion) (tenderness
indicates RCT)
Greater trochanter (rotator cuff inserts here )
medially feel bicipital groove (long head of biceps)
Coracoid process where the short head of biceps inserts .
ā¢ Palpate for crepitus by simply feeling over the joints while moving the shoulder
joint.
34. Range of Motion
ā¢ The aim is to differentiate between intra articular and extra-articular
pathology.
ā¢ In intra-articular pathology (arthritis), active and passive ROM are limited
due to infammation of the synovial membrane that moves during both
active and passive ranges causes pain .
ā¢ In extra-articular pathology (periarthritis), the active range only is limited
.
there is pathology in structures around the joint like in RCT or subacromial
(subdeltoid) bursitis ,Here the active ROM will be limited but the passive is
not.
35. ā¢ Active ROM was assessed during the screening exam.
ā¢ For passive ROM: watch the location of your hands!
_ Place your right hand on the right shoulder over AC joint frmly.
This is to stabilize the scapula in order to do isolated GH joint movement without scapular
elevation. The other hand should hold the proximal forearm.
ā¢ Do shoulder abduction up to 90Ā°. This is a pure GH joint movement.
Then do ER and IR, while the shoulder is abducted at 90Ā°.
Then adduct the shoulder back to zero position .
Then do extension.
Then do forward fexion.
ā¢ You can assess ER + IR while at zero abduction with arms on the sides ,and elbows flexed
36. RCT
ā¢ Isometric resisted abduction while the arm is in zero degree.
If there is pain developing, this could be due supraspinatus tendinitis.
ā¢ Empty can sign:
(Shoulder abducted 90Ā° + forward fexion 30Ā° + thumb down (IR)āsupraspinatus tendinitis).
ā¢ Infraspinatus test
Isometric resisted ER (elbow fexed 90Ā° with the arm at the side) ,
In the same position, you can assess isometric resisted IR for subscapularis tendinitis
ā¢ Left off Test
This test is performed with isometric resisted IR while the patient adducting his shoulder
and internally rotating it. Presence of pain while resistance may indicate subscapularis
tendinitis
Special tests
39. subacromial impingement syndrome
ā¢ Hawkins Sign
Shoulder horizontal adduction in 90Ā° of fexion
then adduct shoulder more with passive IR; this
should reproduce symptoms if subacromial impingement syndrome.
ā¢ Neer test
stabilize the patient's scapula with one hand, while passively flexing the arm while it is
internally rotated. the patient reports pain if subacromial impingement syndrome.
ā¢ Painful arc : from 60 to 120 so subacromial impingement syndrome
42. ā¢ Drop Arm Test
This is to test for complete supraspinatus tear
Stand behind the seated patient and passively abduct the
patient's extended arm to 900 and full external rotation, while
supporting the arm at the elbow Release the elbow support and
ask patient to slowly lower the arm back to neutral.
43. ā¢ For bicipital tendinitis:
1ā Speedās test: resisted shoulder fexion at 90Ā° with elbow extended and
forearm supinated.
2ā Yergasonās sign : resisted supination of the forearm with elbow 90Ā° fexion. It
has to be noted that rupture of the long head of biceps is rarely associated with
signifcant weakness in elbow fexion.
This is probably due to the fact that 85% of elbow flexion is from brachioradialis
and short head of biceps .
44.
45. For AC joint:
ā¢ Painful arc: when it produces pain from 180 to 120.
It is usually due to AC joint pathology rather than RCT.
ā¢ There is another test called cross-body adduction test .
The patient simply performs horizontal adduction with the shoulder in fexion.
This might reproduce pain due AC joint pathology.
For glenohumeral joint instability:
ā¢ Anterior apprehension test (supine, 90 ABD and 90 ER, apply gentle forward
pressure to posterior aspect of humeral head).
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