The document provides a summary of a geotechnical investigation report for a proposed check dam construction site. Three boreholes were drilled and standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted at 1.5m intervals to determine soil properties. Laboratory tests including specific gravity, moisture content, particle size distribution, liquid limit and plastic limit tests were performed on soil samples. Subsurface exploration found soils to have SPT values ranging from 3 to 60. The report provides tables with soil properties and allowable bearing capacities for foundations of varying widths at 0.86m depth.
This document provides the results of a geotechnical investigation conducted at a proposed check dam construction site in Batase, Kavre. Field investigations included drilling three boreholes and conducting standard penetration tests. Laboratory tests characterized soil properties and included natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain size analysis, and Atterberg limits. Engineering analysis determined allowable bearing pressures for shallow foundations. The investigation aims to evaluate subsurface conditions, determine foundation suitability, and provide design recommendations.
The document is a geotechnical investigation report for a proposed check dam in Batase Danda, Kavre, Nepal. It details field investigations including three boreholes and standard penetration tests. Soil samples were collected and tested in the laboratory to determine properties. The report finds that subsurface soils consist of cohesionless silty sand and silty clay with low plasticity. Groundwater was encountered at shallow depths. Bearing capacity analysis was performed and allowable bearing pressures were calculated based on standard methods. Recommendations for dam foundation type and construction materials were provided based on the investigation results.
Subsurface investigation is an essential preliminary step for any civil engineering project to understand subsurface conditions. It involves sampling and examining subsurface materials like soil and rock to provide data for design recommendations. The investigation process includes planning explorations, executing them using techniques like boreholes and test pits, laboratory testing of samples, and reporting findings with descriptions, test results, analyses, and recommendations. The stages are reconnaissance, data collection, in-depth investigation, and laboratory testing to characterize subsurface conditions like bearing capacity. This informs foundation selection and predicts issues like settlement.
The document describes a summer training project report on soil and concrete testing conducted at a site in New Delhi. It provides details of various tests performed on soil samples collected from the site, including sieve analysis, mechanical analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, consolidation, permeability and specific gravity tests. It also describes some basic cement tests conducted like fineness, setting time, soundness and consistency tests. The trainees gained hands-on experience of actual field and lab procedures under expert guidance during their 6-week summer training project.
Site investigation involves determining the soil layers and properties beneath a proposed structure. It helps select the foundation type, evaluate load capacity, estimate settlement, and identify potential issues. The exploration program uses methods like boreholes, test pits, and probes to characterize soil stratification, strength, deformation, and groundwater. Proper planning is needed to obtain reliable data at minimum cost.
Site investigation involves determining the soil layers and properties beneath a proposed structure. It helps select the foundation type and depth, evaluate load capacity, estimate settlement, and identify potential issues. The exploration program uses methods like test pits, auger and wash borings, probing, and geophysics to obtain samples and measure properties. A site investigation includes planning borings and tests, executing fieldwork, and reporting the findings and recommendations.
This document discusses using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to explore geothermal reservoirs. It notes that while GPR can map near-surface geology, most geothermal reservoirs are deeper than 50 meters. The document proposes that GPR could be a more cost-effective exploration tool when used alongside other methods like flow mapping and geochemistry. It describes analyzing GPR data from Beijing that identified materials based on dielectric constants. The analysis found GPR could help locate geothermal reservoirs in northern Beijing when used with other data and that additional research is needed to better understand GPR's utility for geothermal exploration.
SOIL EXPLORATION AND GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN OF A FOUNDATIONIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a soil exploration and geotechnical design study for the foundation of a proposed multi-story commercial building. It first describes conducting a site investigation that included borehole drilling, soil sampling, and laboratory testing to characterize the soil properties. The results indicated the soil at shallow depths was unsuitable to support the building loads with a shallow foundation. Therefore, a pile foundation was selected, with the design involving calculating the load capacity of piles based on their end bearing into stronger soil or rock layers at depth. The document provides details of the site location, soil conditions, shallow foundation capacity calculations, and pile foundation design methodology.
This document provides the results of a geotechnical investigation conducted at a proposed check dam construction site in Batase, Kavre. Field investigations included drilling three boreholes and conducting standard penetration tests. Laboratory tests characterized soil properties and included natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain size analysis, and Atterberg limits. Engineering analysis determined allowable bearing pressures for shallow foundations. The investigation aims to evaluate subsurface conditions, determine foundation suitability, and provide design recommendations.
The document is a geotechnical investigation report for a proposed check dam in Batase Danda, Kavre, Nepal. It details field investigations including three boreholes and standard penetration tests. Soil samples were collected and tested in the laboratory to determine properties. The report finds that subsurface soils consist of cohesionless silty sand and silty clay with low plasticity. Groundwater was encountered at shallow depths. Bearing capacity analysis was performed and allowable bearing pressures were calculated based on standard methods. Recommendations for dam foundation type and construction materials were provided based on the investigation results.
Subsurface investigation is an essential preliminary step for any civil engineering project to understand subsurface conditions. It involves sampling and examining subsurface materials like soil and rock to provide data for design recommendations. The investigation process includes planning explorations, executing them using techniques like boreholes and test pits, laboratory testing of samples, and reporting findings with descriptions, test results, analyses, and recommendations. The stages are reconnaissance, data collection, in-depth investigation, and laboratory testing to characterize subsurface conditions like bearing capacity. This informs foundation selection and predicts issues like settlement.
The document describes a summer training project report on soil and concrete testing conducted at a site in New Delhi. It provides details of various tests performed on soil samples collected from the site, including sieve analysis, mechanical analysis, liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, consolidation, permeability and specific gravity tests. It also describes some basic cement tests conducted like fineness, setting time, soundness and consistency tests. The trainees gained hands-on experience of actual field and lab procedures under expert guidance during their 6-week summer training project.
Site investigation involves determining the soil layers and properties beneath a proposed structure. It helps select the foundation type, evaluate load capacity, estimate settlement, and identify potential issues. The exploration program uses methods like boreholes, test pits, and probes to characterize soil stratification, strength, deformation, and groundwater. Proper planning is needed to obtain reliable data at minimum cost.
Site investigation involves determining the soil layers and properties beneath a proposed structure. It helps select the foundation type and depth, evaluate load capacity, estimate settlement, and identify potential issues. The exploration program uses methods like test pits, auger and wash borings, probing, and geophysics to obtain samples and measure properties. A site investigation includes planning borings and tests, executing fieldwork, and reporting the findings and recommendations.
This document discusses using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to explore geothermal reservoirs. It notes that while GPR can map near-surface geology, most geothermal reservoirs are deeper than 50 meters. The document proposes that GPR could be a more cost-effective exploration tool when used alongside other methods like flow mapping and geochemistry. It describes analyzing GPR data from Beijing that identified materials based on dielectric constants. The analysis found GPR could help locate geothermal reservoirs in northern Beijing when used with other data and that additional research is needed to better understand GPR's utility for geothermal exploration.
SOIL EXPLORATION AND GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN OF A FOUNDATIONIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a soil exploration and geotechnical design study for the foundation of a proposed multi-story commercial building. It first describes conducting a site investigation that included borehole drilling, soil sampling, and laboratory testing to characterize the soil properties. The results indicated the soil at shallow depths was unsuitable to support the building loads with a shallow foundation. Therefore, a pile foundation was selected, with the design involving calculating the load capacity of piles based on their end bearing into stronger soil or rock layers at depth. The document provides details of the site location, soil conditions, shallow foundation capacity calculations, and pile foundation design methodology.
This document provides the curriculum for civil engineering courses in grades 11 and 12 in Nepal. It aims to produce mid-level civil engineering technicians with the necessary knowledge and skills. The curriculum covers topics like geo-technical engineering, road construction materials and testing, structural analysis and design, and maintenance and rehabilitation of structures. It includes the course structures, objectives, content, instructional methods, and evaluation schemes for each topic. Practical components involve lab tests, site visits, and projects. The goal is to equip students with the abilities required for jobs like inspecting construction projects, testing materials, and ensuring design specifications are met.
This project proposal seeks funding to analyze swelling clay near Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) in Kathmandu and reconstruct a damaged road. The proposal outlines collecting soil samples from within 2-4 meters of the surface, testing the samples to determine soil consistency, clay content, and mineral composition, and reconstructing the road with a safety factor over 1. The total anticipated budget is 250,000 Nepali rupees.
The following tests was performed by the students of Civil Engineering Department U.E.T Peshawar (the list of experiments can be seen in table of contents) under the supervision of Sir Engr. Zia Ullah..The main purpose of this lab was to investigate different types of soils through different tests and to compare them with the standards mostly ASTM.
Dear Sir,
Greetings!!!
Please allow me to introduce myself and NAPESCO, regarding our Geotechnical & Drilling capabilities. NAPESCO provides comprehensive Drilling & Geotechnical Services to the global clients. With a core team of Geotechnical Engineers, Geoscientists, Surveyors and Technical Specialists, we typically support Oil & Gas projects annually and on a global basis. We are really interested and keenly looking forward to earning your business and establishing a lasting and mutually beneficial relationship. Should you require our assistance and expertise during any current Drilling / Geotechnical site investigation or those in the future; please contact me for further details of how we can assist.
We look forward to receiving an inquiry from you, thank you.
Sincerely,
For and on behalf of NAPESCO
This document provides information about the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Field Vane Shear Test (FVST) including:
- A brief history and standard procedures for conducting SPTs according to ASTM standards.
- Factors that influence SPT N-values and the need for corrections.
- How SPT N-values can be converted and used to estimate soil properties like internal friction angle and undrained shear strength.
- Applications of SPT N-values including liquefaction analysis, bearing capacity calculations, and settlement estimates.
- While newer tests exist, SPT is still widely used due to its low cost, ability to provide soil samples, accumulated database, and ability to estimate
Geological site investigation for Civil Engineering FoundationsDr.Anil Deshpande
Aim to introduce Preliminary geological Investigations for fulfilling knowledge about geological need to determine engineering properties of foundation rocks and check the suitability & feasibility of site wherein selection of site plays a crucial role to avoid future implications in civil engineering projects.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The document summarizes soil testing performed on the site of a proposed rigid pavement project. Tests included determining the Atterberg limits of the soil, which found the liquid limit to be 27%, plastic limit to be 19%, and plasticity index to be 8. Based on these results, the soil was classified. Compaction and California bearing ratio tests were also performed to determine the optimum moisture content and strength of the soil. Survey work including linear measurement, plane table, and leveling was conducted to obtain data on the site dimensions and ground surface levels.
This chapter discusses engineering geological site investigations. The objectives of a site investigation are to understand subsurface conditions like soil/rock profiles, groundwater levels, and physical properties in order to determine appropriate foundation types and provide design recommendations. A site investigation involves planning, execution of field and lab testing, and report writing. Fieldwork includes collecting disturbed and undisturbed samples, in-situ tests, and borehole logging. Proper data interpretation is also important and involves understanding measurement scales, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. The overall goal is to safely and economically design and construct engineering projects based on site-specific conditions.
The process of determining the layers of natural soil deposits that will underlie a proposed structure and their physical properties is generally referred to as site investigation.
The document provides information on site investigation procedures for determining subsurface soil conditions. It discusses the purpose of site investigations which include selecting foundation type, evaluating load capacity, estimating settlement, and determining groundwater levels. The typical steps of a subsurface exploration program are outlined, including assembling structure information, conducting reconnaissance, preliminary borings, and detailed borings. Methods of soil and rock sampling are described along with tools used. Standards for boring depth and spacing are provided based on structure type and soil conditions. Finally, components of a geotechnical investigation report are summarized.
This document provides an overview of site investigation procedures for determining subsurface soil conditions. It discusses the purposes of site investigations, which include selecting foundation types, evaluating load capacity, estimating settlements, and determining potential foundation problems. The exploration program aims to determine soil stratification and engineering properties through borings, samples, and field tests. Standard procedures are outlined for boring depth and spacing, soil and rock sampling methods, groundwater level determination, and field strength tests like SPT, CPT, and PLT.
The document summarizes the key aspects of subsurface investigations for engineering projects. It discusses the purposes of site investigations, planning exploration programs, common exploration techniques like boreholes and sampling methods, and how to document and report the findings in a subsurface investigation report. The goal is to efficiently obtain essential subsurface data to inform foundation design and construction methods while minimizing costs.
This thesis focuses on developing static and dynamic reservoir models and predicting properties for a deepwater carbonate reservoir during the early exploration phase when limited data is available. Core, log, and well test data are integrated and used to characterize the reservoir into hydraulic flow units (HFU). Five HFU are identified and upscaled to populate the static model. Well test analysis estimates permeability-thickness product and permeability with less than 20% error. Dynamic simulations of four static models match well test pressure responses and predict a numerical productivity index within 5% of measured. Simulations of the entire oil zone indicate potential recovery of 25% of original oil in place.
Masters Thesis - Exploration Phase_Deepwater Reservoir Data IntegrationAlan Mössinger
This thesis focuses on developing static and dynamic reservoir models and predicting properties for a deepwater carbonate reservoir during the early exploration phase when limited data is available. Core, log, and well test data are integrated and used to characterize the reservoir into hydraulic flow units (HFU). Five HFU are identified and upscaled to populate the static model. Well test analysis estimates permeability-thickness product and permeability with less than 20% error. Dynamic simulations of four static models match well test pressure responses and predict a numerical productivity index within 5% of measured. Simulations of the entire oil zone indicate potential recovery of 25% of original oil in place.
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW (2) (Autosaved)Buchi Neboh
This project report investigates the effects of pozzolana on the geotechnical properties of a lateritic soil from Ayeduase, Ghana. Laboratory tests were conducted on the natural soil and soil-pozzolana mixtures containing 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% pozzolana by weight. The tests included grading analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California bearing ratio tests. The results showed that the addition of pozzolana changed the soil classification from gravelly clay to sandy clay. Liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index decreased with increasing pozzolana content. Maximum dry density increased up to 7% pozzolana while optimum moisture content increased overall. California
This document provides information on a study being conducted to develop pervious geopolymer concrete using fly ash as a source material and sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution as an alkaline solution. The objectives are to study the effect of material proportions on pervious concrete, investigate the performance characteristics of geopolymer pervious concrete, and study its application in stormwater management. The methodology discusses the materials used, mix design, and work plan which includes literature reviews, component selection, designing, experimental analysis, fabrication, testing, and report preparation between September 2021 and March 2022. The expected results are improved compressive strength and water permeability of the pervious geopolymer concrete.
This document discusses implementing a static cone penetration test (CPT) for a geotechnical investigation during infrastructure construction. It provides background on CPT methodology, including how the test works, the parameters measured, advantages over other tests, and how results are interpreted. It then presents a case study where CPT was used to inform the design of a temporary retaining structure for a pump room excavation near a river in Greece. Test results characterized subsurface soil stratigraphy and properties, allowing selection of sheet pile walls to support the excavation. The study demonstrates how CPT can efficiently provide critical soil data to inform geotechnical design of infrastructure in complex soil conditions.
Abstract:
This assignment was used to design a mud and preparing mud for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each depth consist of different pore pressure gradient and fracture gradient. It was important to take in consider the safety margins and the kick margins by adding to the pore pressure gradient 0.5ppg and subtracting from fracture pressure 0.5ppg as shown in table (1). Then it has been drew the mud window to create a proper mud to solve the issue in this assignment and become safer. Since there are two muds needed to be prepared for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each with different density, it is important to measure the amount of barite required in order to increase the density to the target wanted. has been created the mud with 10.9 ppg, after creating the mud for this density will be testing all the classification for this test and if it is goof or no. The temperature for this mud was 28.7C and the density has been measured as well which was 10.95 and the ph was 8. In addition, has been measured the viscosity at different speed by using viscometers the speed was at 5,6,100,200,300, and 600 rpm the results shows in table 3. Then it has been measured the gel strength at 10s and 10 mins which was 30, and 31ib.100ft2 respectively, then it has been calculated the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield point by the equation given above, and the results mentioned in table 3. Lastly has been measure the filtrate volume for 5,10, 15,20,15 and 30mins the total volume which was at 30 mins with result about 16.5cc. then it has been measured the mud cake thickness for this type of mud which was 3.23mm. it was given some of the errors that faced while drilling a well, those problems were loss circulation, high and innovation and the stuck pipe. in the first step it has been designed the sample mud that required to use at the surface, while the pressure of the well increase it should increase the density of the mud to balance between the hydrostatic pressure with the formation pressure, so it has been increased the density of the mud by using the barite, the mud was 10, and 14ppg.
A site investigation involves several stages to thoroughly understand the subsurface soil and groundwater conditions at a construction site. This includes initial site reconnaissance, preliminary exploration such as geophysical testing, detailed exploration through soil sampling and testing, and a final report. The investigation determines soil properties, depth of bedrock, and groundwater levels which allows engineers to properly design foundations and structures, identify geotechnical risks, select appropriate construction materials and methods, and optimize the design to ensure safety and minimize costs. A comprehensive site investigation plays a crucial role in the success of construction projects.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
This document provides the curriculum for civil engineering courses in grades 11 and 12 in Nepal. It aims to produce mid-level civil engineering technicians with the necessary knowledge and skills. The curriculum covers topics like geo-technical engineering, road construction materials and testing, structural analysis and design, and maintenance and rehabilitation of structures. It includes the course structures, objectives, content, instructional methods, and evaluation schemes for each topic. Practical components involve lab tests, site visits, and projects. The goal is to equip students with the abilities required for jobs like inspecting construction projects, testing materials, and ensuring design specifications are met.
This project proposal seeks funding to analyze swelling clay near Tribhuvan International Airport (TIA) in Kathmandu and reconstruct a damaged road. The proposal outlines collecting soil samples from within 2-4 meters of the surface, testing the samples to determine soil consistency, clay content, and mineral composition, and reconstructing the road with a safety factor over 1. The total anticipated budget is 250,000 Nepali rupees.
The following tests was performed by the students of Civil Engineering Department U.E.T Peshawar (the list of experiments can be seen in table of contents) under the supervision of Sir Engr. Zia Ullah..The main purpose of this lab was to investigate different types of soils through different tests and to compare them with the standards mostly ASTM.
Dear Sir,
Greetings!!!
Please allow me to introduce myself and NAPESCO, regarding our Geotechnical & Drilling capabilities. NAPESCO provides comprehensive Drilling & Geotechnical Services to the global clients. With a core team of Geotechnical Engineers, Geoscientists, Surveyors and Technical Specialists, we typically support Oil & Gas projects annually and on a global basis. We are really interested and keenly looking forward to earning your business and establishing a lasting and mutually beneficial relationship. Should you require our assistance and expertise during any current Drilling / Geotechnical site investigation or those in the future; please contact me for further details of how we can assist.
We look forward to receiving an inquiry from you, thank you.
Sincerely,
For and on behalf of NAPESCO
This document provides information about the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Field Vane Shear Test (FVST) including:
- A brief history and standard procedures for conducting SPTs according to ASTM standards.
- Factors that influence SPT N-values and the need for corrections.
- How SPT N-values can be converted and used to estimate soil properties like internal friction angle and undrained shear strength.
- Applications of SPT N-values including liquefaction analysis, bearing capacity calculations, and settlement estimates.
- While newer tests exist, SPT is still widely used due to its low cost, ability to provide soil samples, accumulated database, and ability to estimate
Geological site investigation for Civil Engineering FoundationsDr.Anil Deshpande
Aim to introduce Preliminary geological Investigations for fulfilling knowledge about geological need to determine engineering properties of foundation rocks and check the suitability & feasibility of site wherein selection of site plays a crucial role to avoid future implications in civil engineering projects.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The document summarizes soil testing performed on the site of a proposed rigid pavement project. Tests included determining the Atterberg limits of the soil, which found the liquid limit to be 27%, plastic limit to be 19%, and plasticity index to be 8. Based on these results, the soil was classified. Compaction and California bearing ratio tests were also performed to determine the optimum moisture content and strength of the soil. Survey work including linear measurement, plane table, and leveling was conducted to obtain data on the site dimensions and ground surface levels.
This chapter discusses engineering geological site investigations. The objectives of a site investigation are to understand subsurface conditions like soil/rock profiles, groundwater levels, and physical properties in order to determine appropriate foundation types and provide design recommendations. A site investigation involves planning, execution of field and lab testing, and report writing. Fieldwork includes collecting disturbed and undisturbed samples, in-situ tests, and borehole logging. Proper data interpretation is also important and involves understanding measurement scales, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions. The overall goal is to safely and economically design and construct engineering projects based on site-specific conditions.
The process of determining the layers of natural soil deposits that will underlie a proposed structure and their physical properties is generally referred to as site investigation.
The document provides information on site investigation procedures for determining subsurface soil conditions. It discusses the purpose of site investigations which include selecting foundation type, evaluating load capacity, estimating settlement, and determining groundwater levels. The typical steps of a subsurface exploration program are outlined, including assembling structure information, conducting reconnaissance, preliminary borings, and detailed borings. Methods of soil and rock sampling are described along with tools used. Standards for boring depth and spacing are provided based on structure type and soil conditions. Finally, components of a geotechnical investigation report are summarized.
This document provides an overview of site investigation procedures for determining subsurface soil conditions. It discusses the purposes of site investigations, which include selecting foundation types, evaluating load capacity, estimating settlements, and determining potential foundation problems. The exploration program aims to determine soil stratification and engineering properties through borings, samples, and field tests. Standard procedures are outlined for boring depth and spacing, soil and rock sampling methods, groundwater level determination, and field strength tests like SPT, CPT, and PLT.
The document summarizes the key aspects of subsurface investigations for engineering projects. It discusses the purposes of site investigations, planning exploration programs, common exploration techniques like boreholes and sampling methods, and how to document and report the findings in a subsurface investigation report. The goal is to efficiently obtain essential subsurface data to inform foundation design and construction methods while minimizing costs.
This thesis focuses on developing static and dynamic reservoir models and predicting properties for a deepwater carbonate reservoir during the early exploration phase when limited data is available. Core, log, and well test data are integrated and used to characterize the reservoir into hydraulic flow units (HFU). Five HFU are identified and upscaled to populate the static model. Well test analysis estimates permeability-thickness product and permeability with less than 20% error. Dynamic simulations of four static models match well test pressure responses and predict a numerical productivity index within 5% of measured. Simulations of the entire oil zone indicate potential recovery of 25% of original oil in place.
Masters Thesis - Exploration Phase_Deepwater Reservoir Data IntegrationAlan Mössinger
This thesis focuses on developing static and dynamic reservoir models and predicting properties for a deepwater carbonate reservoir during the early exploration phase when limited data is available. Core, log, and well test data are integrated and used to characterize the reservoir into hydraulic flow units (HFU). Five HFU are identified and upscaled to populate the static model. Well test analysis estimates permeability-thickness product and permeability with less than 20% error. Dynamic simulations of four static models match well test pressure responses and predict a numerical productivity index within 5% of measured. Simulations of the entire oil zone indicate potential recovery of 25% of original oil in place.
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW (2) (Autosaved)Buchi Neboh
This project report investigates the effects of pozzolana on the geotechnical properties of a lateritic soil from Ayeduase, Ghana. Laboratory tests were conducted on the natural soil and soil-pozzolana mixtures containing 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% pozzolana by weight. The tests included grading analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction, and California bearing ratio tests. The results showed that the addition of pozzolana changed the soil classification from gravelly clay to sandy clay. Liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index decreased with increasing pozzolana content. Maximum dry density increased up to 7% pozzolana while optimum moisture content increased overall. California
This document provides information on a study being conducted to develop pervious geopolymer concrete using fly ash as a source material and sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution as an alkaline solution. The objectives are to study the effect of material proportions on pervious concrete, investigate the performance characteristics of geopolymer pervious concrete, and study its application in stormwater management. The methodology discusses the materials used, mix design, and work plan which includes literature reviews, component selection, designing, experimental analysis, fabrication, testing, and report preparation between September 2021 and March 2022. The expected results are improved compressive strength and water permeability of the pervious geopolymer concrete.
This document discusses implementing a static cone penetration test (CPT) for a geotechnical investigation during infrastructure construction. It provides background on CPT methodology, including how the test works, the parameters measured, advantages over other tests, and how results are interpreted. It then presents a case study where CPT was used to inform the design of a temporary retaining structure for a pump room excavation near a river in Greece. Test results characterized subsurface soil stratigraphy and properties, allowing selection of sheet pile walls to support the excavation. The study demonstrates how CPT can efficiently provide critical soil data to inform geotechnical design of infrastructure in complex soil conditions.
Abstract:
This assignment was used to design a mud and preparing mud for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each depth consist of different pore pressure gradient and fracture gradient. It was important to take in consider the safety margins and the kick margins by adding to the pore pressure gradient 0.5ppg and subtracting from fracture pressure 0.5ppg as shown in table (1). Then it has been drew the mud window to create a proper mud to solve the issue in this assignment and become safer. Since there are two muds needed to be prepared for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each with different density, it is important to measure the amount of barite required in order to increase the density to the target wanted. has been created the mud with 10.9 ppg, after creating the mud for this density will be testing all the classification for this test and if it is goof or no. The temperature for this mud was 28.7C and the density has been measured as well which was 10.95 and the ph was 8. In addition, has been measured the viscosity at different speed by using viscometers the speed was at 5,6,100,200,300, and 600 rpm the results shows in table 3. Then it has been measured the gel strength at 10s and 10 mins which was 30, and 31ib.100ft2 respectively, then it has been calculated the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield point by the equation given above, and the results mentioned in table 3. Lastly has been measure the filtrate volume for 5,10, 15,20,15 and 30mins the total volume which was at 30 mins with result about 16.5cc. then it has been measured the mud cake thickness for this type of mud which was 3.23mm. it was given some of the errors that faced while drilling a well, those problems were loss circulation, high and innovation and the stuck pipe. in the first step it has been designed the sample mud that required to use at the surface, while the pressure of the well increase it should increase the density of the mud to balance between the hydrostatic pressure with the formation pressure, so it has been increased the density of the mud by using the barite, the mud was 10, and 14ppg.
A site investigation involves several stages to thoroughly understand the subsurface soil and groundwater conditions at a construction site. This includes initial site reconnaissance, preliminary exploration such as geophysical testing, detailed exploration through soil sampling and testing, and a final report. The investigation determines soil properties, depth of bedrock, and groundwater levels which allows engineers to properly design foundations and structures, identify geotechnical risks, select appropriate construction materials and methods, and optimize the design to ensure safety and minimize costs. A comprehensive site investigation plays a crucial role in the success of construction projects.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
🔥Independent Call Girls In Pune 💯Call Us 🔝 7014168258 🔝💃Independent Pune Esco...
report.docx
1. P L
FINAL REPORT OF
GGEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
A NUMBER OF FASCINATING AND LIFE-CHANGING TEMPLATES
PRESENTED IN A CLEAR AND CONCISE WAY
EDITED BY
SIRAJ ROKA ,SUDIP ABL
PRAJWAL GHIMERE,ASHIM OLI
BISHAL TMILSANA,PRAJWAL SIMKHADA
Kathmandu University
Dhulikhel
2023
SUBMITTED TO:AVISHEK SHRESTHA
5. 4
1 Acknowledgement
I am extremely grateful to Er. Avishek Shrestha sir for creating this learn-
ing platform for improving our cost foundation engineering skills. We deeply
appreciative of his exceptional support and guidance in teaching us how to
access information on our course subject, CIEG309. His contribution has
been invaluable to our learning.We would like to express my gratitude to our
respected teacher for providing us with valuable feedback that has helped us
improve our skills in information gathering, group discussion, reference se-
lection, and report writing. We also want to thank some of our classmate
for their direct or indirect assistance in completing this project on time.
Their help has been invaluable. The completion of this project would not
have been possible without the guidance, coordination, and assistance of our
teacher and friends. We are extremely fortunate to have received their help
throughout the project. We are deeply grateful for their support and we will
never forget their contributions.
6. 5
2 Introduction
This report presents the results of geotechnical investigation conducted, lab-
oratory results and recommendation for the proposed construction site i.e.
check dam at Batase, Kavre. This report covers boreholes drilled at various
locations including three boreholes. To determine how compact the soil lay-
ers were in the field, Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and Dynamic Cone
Penetration Tests (DPCT) were carried out as efficiently as possible at 1.5m
depth intervals. Report is limited to SPT test defining parameters and speci-
fying safe bearing capacity of soil in which investigation work for three bore-
holes was carried out from 5 th April 2023.
For the safe and economic infrastructural development, it is important
that subsoil conditions at any proposed civil engineering site be properly
investigated prior to commencement of the final design or construction ac-
tivities. Generally, the overall investigation should be detailed enough to
provide sufficient information for the geotechnical engineer to reach conclu-
sions regarding the site suitability, design criteria and environmental im-
pact. Both laboratory and in situ or field techniques are routinely used to
obtain information about engineering properties of rocks and soils. This re-
port focuses on the standard penetration test (SPT) which is one of the rel-
atively cost-effective and informative field techniques most commonly used
in subsurface exploration.
3 Location
The site is located in Kavreplanchok district and is situated at Chaukot area.
The Geotechnical study is done for Bastase check Dam.
7. 6
Figure 1: Location
4 About this study
4.1 Purpose of study
The purpose of this site investigation is to determine the existing soil profiles
and engineering characteristics of the subsurface conditions to:
•Evaluate the soil and rock properties at proposed site.
•Determine the site’s suitability for construction a check dam
•Identify potential issues that could affect the stability and safety of dam.
•Develop recommendations for the design and construction of the dam
structures.
•Determine the type of foundation that would be suitable for the site,
•Identify suitable materials to be used in construction.
•Provide guidance for the design and construction.
8. 7
4.2 Scope of Investigation
The scope of investigation for this study comprises the following:
1. Making visits for site reconnaissance to collect information about the site
nature, thetopography of the site, and other properties concerning the
project site.
2. Drilling of two boreholes at the specified location of required depth and
conducting SPT at 1.5m interval depth.
2. Performing all necessary field and laboratory tests, to obtain physical
and mechanical properties of the subsurface soil.
3. Submitting the final geotechnical investigation report.
5 Geotechnical Exploration
Geotechnical exploration is the process of gathering information about the
soil and rock conditions at a site. This information is used to design and
construct safe and stable structures. Geotechnical exploration is typically
conducted by a geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist.This explo-
ration process typically involves a combination of field and laboratory ex-
ploration. The geotechnical exploration process typically begins with a site
visit and visual inspection of the area to be explored. This is followed by a
detailed site investigation, which may include drilling and sampling of soil,
conducting geophysical surveys and collecting data on groundwater levels.
Laboratory testing is then performed on the samples collected during the
investigation, to determine their physical and chemical properties. The re-
sults of the geotechnical exploration are then analyzed and interpreted by
engineers and other professionals to develop the recommendations for the
site design and construction.
There are a variety of methods that can be used for geotechnical explo-
ration, including:
• Soil borings: Soil borings are used to collect soil samples from the sub-
surface. The samples are then analyzed in a laboratory to determine
their physical properties, such as strength, compressibility, and per-
meability.
• Geophysical surveys: Geophysical surveys use electromagnetic or seis-
mic waves to map the subsurface. This information can be used to
9. 8
identify the depth and thickness of different soil layers.
The type of geotechnical exploration that is conducted will depend on the size
and complexity of the project. For small projects, a simple soil boring may
be sufficient. For larger or more complex projects, a more comprehensive
geotechnical investigation may be required.
Geotechnical exploration is an important part of the design and construc-
tion process. By gathering information about the soil and rock conditions at
a site, geotechnical engineers can help to ensure that structures are safe and
stable.
5.1 Field investigation
A field investigation is the process of collecting data on the physical prop-
erties and characteristics of the soil and rock that will support a structure.
This information is used by a foundation engineer to design a foundation
that can safely support the structure without causing any damage to the
soil or rock. For the site, three boreholes BH1, BH2 and BH3 was drilled.
5.1.1 About SPT Test
The standard penetration test (SPT) is an in-situ dynamic penetration test
designed to provide information on the geotechnical engineering properties
of soil. This test is the most frequently used subsurface exploration drilling
test performed worldwide.The test provides samples for identification pur-
poses and provides a measure of penetration resistance which can be used
for geotechnical design purposes. Various local and widely published inter-
national correlations that relate blow count, or N-value, to the engineering
properties of soils are available for geotechnical engineering purposes.
Penetration tests were executed through all strata. Sounding test data
were used to estimate soil strength parameter, subsoil distribution and pos-
sible existence of soft layer.Standard Penetration test (SPT) were carried out
in the boreholes at average depth intervals of 1.5 m. Spilt spoon sampler of
35mm internal diameter and 50 mm external diameter coupled with a stan-
dard cutting shoe at its lower end was driven into the ground at the base of
the borehole by means of a 63.5 kg hammer falling from a height of 760 mm.
After an initial 150 mm seating penetration the sampler was driven to a fur-
ther depth of 150mm twice to reach the final depth. The sum of the number
10. 9
of blows required to reach the two-last final 150 mm depth was recorded as
the N- value.
5.2 Sample Collection
The samples obtained in the split spoon barrel of SPT tube during SPT tests
were preserved as representative disturbed samples. The disturbed samples
recovered were placed in air-tight transparent plastic bags, labelled properly
for identification and finally sealed to avoid any loss of moisture. Only then
the samples were taken to the laboratory for the further investigation.
6 Surface and Sub surface exploration
6.1 Properties of ground material
According to our exploration and findings, a generalized subsurface soil char-
acteristic data visualized from two borehole is as presented in the table be-
low:
SNno Description Depth(m) SPT Value
15 30 45
1 0.86 6 21 42
2 0.71 5 60/12
3 0.83 3 3 3
Table 1: SPT Values
6.2 Values Taken
Hammer Efficiency=60
Correction for Borehole Diameter=1
Sampler Correction=1
Correction for Bar length=0.95
11. 10
6.3 Calculation Table
N60 15.2
Cohesion, kN/m2 (c) 0
Effective Stress (sigma), kN/m2 12.36
Overburden Correction 1.700939
SPT Value After Overburden Correction 25.85427
SPT Value After Dilatancy Correction 21
Unit Weight Value(KN/m3) 18 In correlation with SPT value)
Friction Angle 28
Saturated Unit Weight 21.033
6.4 Final Table
Depth,m Width of foundation, m
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
0.86 215.49 202.87 199.34 192.77 190.24
Table 2: Bearing Pressure
Depth,m Width of foundation, m
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
0.86 224.546 190.932 175.146 166.002 160.042
Table 3: Allowable bearing pressure based on settlement of 40mm, kN/m2
Depth,m Width of foundation, m
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
0.86 215.49 190.932 175.146 166.002 160.042
Table 4: Allowable bearing pressure is the minimum of A and B:
12. 11
7 Lab Test and Results
7.1 Specific gravity
The specific gravity of soil is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of the
material at a stated temperature to the mass of an equal volume of de-aired
or gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature. The specific gravity of
soil is used in the phase relationship of air, water, and solids in a given
volume of the soil.
The specific gravity of soil is used in relating a weight of soil to its volume
and in the calculation of phase relationship, i.e. the relative volume of solids
to water and air in a given volume of soil. The specific gravity is used in
the computations of most of the laboratory tests and is needed in nearly all
pressure, settlement, and stability problems in soil engineering.
7.1.1 Observed values
Wt of pycnometer=520gm
Wt of pycnometer with water=1550gm
Wt of sample=32gm
Wt of all=1570
7.1.2 Conclusion
Hence, specific gravity of soil at norma room temperature was found to be
2.667
7.2 Moisture content
In almost all soil tests, natural moisture content of the soil is to be deter-
mined. The knowledge of the natural moisture content is essential in all
studies of soil mechanics. To sight a few, natural moisture content is used
in determining the bearing capacity and settlement. The natural moisture
content will give an idea of the state of soil in the field.
13. 12
7.2.1 Observation table
Wt of container
(gm)
Wt of containr with sample
(gm)
Wt of dry Sample
(gm)
Water content
(gm)
22.2 45.24 42.21 15.16
22.66 42.03 38.57 15.06
22 41.22 38.44 16.9
7.2.2 Conclusion
The natural moisture content of the soil sample is 15.7%.
7.3 Particle size Distribution
Sieve analysis is the method to determine the relative proportion of grain
size of the given sample of soil. The grain size distribution is used for soil
classification under the USCS standards. The test procedure involves the
shaking the soil through sieve of different size and weighing the soil re-
tained on each sieve. The purpose of doing this analysis is to find weather
the aggregate sample is good for the mix or not. The sieve analysis is gener-
ally applied to the grain size greater than 75 m. The uniformity coefficient
(Cu) and coefficient of curvature/gradation (Cc) is determined through the
formula:
Cu = D60/D10 (1)
Cc = (D2)30/D10 ∗ D60 (2)
Where, D60 = Sieve size to 60 percent finer soil.
D30 = Sieve size to 30 percent finer soil.
D10 = Sieve size to 10 percent finer soil.
Soil is well graded if Cu > 4-6 and Cc is between 1 and 3.
Soil is poorly graded if Cu is nearly equal to 1.
15. 14
7.3.2 Result
Diameter of particle at 60% finer (D60) = 1.375 mm
Diameter of particle at 30% finer (D30) = 0.174 mm
Diameter of particle at 10% finer (D10) = 0.0449 mm
Coefficient of Uniformity (Cu) = 30.188
Coefficient of Curvature (Cc) = 0.469
The Coefficient of Uniformity (Cu) = 30.188, but the Coefficient of Cur-
vature (Cc) = 0.469. Since the Cu is higher, it can be concluded that the soil
sample consists of different ranges of particle size, i.e. the larger range of
the particle sizes; however, as the Cc (0.469) is outside the range of 1-3 for
“well graded”, the soil sample taken is found to be gap graded or bimodal,
i.e. absence of intermediate particle sizes exists.
7.4 Liquid Limit
Liquid limit is significant to know the stress history and general properties
of the soil met with construction. From the results of liquid limit, the com-
pression index may be estimated. The compression index value will help us
in settlement analysis. If the natural moisture content of soil is closer to liq-
uid limit, the soil can be considered as soft if the moisture content is lesser
than liquids limit, the soil can be considered as soft if the moisture content
is lesser than liquid limit. The soil is brittle and stiffer.
7.4.1 Observation Table
Figure 4: Liquid Limit
16. 15
Figure 5: Graph
7.4.2 Result
Required Liquid limit obtained from graph is 29.58.
7.5 Plastic Limit
Plastic limit (PL) is the moisture content at which a fine-grained soil can-
not be remolded without cracking. The plastic limit test requires repeated
rolling of a soil sample into a thread until it reaches a point where it crum-
bles.
7.5.1 Result
Hence obtained soil is Non Plastic.
8 Ground Water Table
Determination of the location of ground water table is an essential part of
any exploratory programme as the groundwater level affects the pore water
pressure and hence the shear strength pf soil. The position of groundwater
can be estimated through observations of open wells at the site or in the
17. 16
vicinity. Boreholes can also be used for recording water levels by allowing
the water in boring to reach equilibrium level. It is easy in sandy soils as
water gets stabilized very quickly within few hours. But in clayey soil it
might take many days. The readings should be made at least 12 to 24 hrs
after boring and compared with water levels in the wells existing in that
area.