Relationship between Health and Poverty

RelationshipbetweenHealth&Poverty

Contents
What links poverty and health?
What is poverty?
Relationship between health and poverty
Status of poverty and health indicators
Consequences of poverty on health
Poverty alleviation
Case Study: Dharavi
Conclusion

Whatlinkspovertyandhealth?
Poverty and health worldwide are inextricably linked.
The causes of poor health for millions globally are
rooted in political, social and economic injustice.
Poverty is both a cause and a consequence of poor
health.
“The biggest enemy of health in developing world is
Poverty” - Kofi Annan

WhatIsPoverty?
Poverty is hunger.
Poverty is lack of shelter.
Poverty is being sick and not being able to consult a medical practitioner.
Poverty is not having access to proper education.
Poverty is losing a child to illness.
Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.
Poverty is not having a regular income with fear for the future, living one day at a time.

Typesof
Poverty
1. Absolute Poverty
 state of severe deprivation of basic human needs.
2. Relative Poverty
 Economic inequality in location in which people live.

Relationship
between
Poverty&
Health
 India ranks 56 on universal healthcare among 100 countries
 49 million people are pushed to extreme poverty every year in
India due to healthcare expenses.
 17.33% of people spend at least 10% of their household budget
on healthcare
 72% of OOP expenditures (74% in rural areas, 67% in urban)
are drug-related.
 “incidence of catastrophic expenditure due to health care costs
is growing and is now being estimated to be one of the major
contributors to poverty. The drain on family incomes due to
health care costs can neutralize the gains of income increases
that every Government scheme aimed to reduce poverty.” – GOI
2015 Report

GraphshowingPoorer
groupsmorelikelyto
engagein
riskybehavior
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Poorest 3rd
Quintile,
Richest

International
and Indian
Scenarioof
Poverty
Global poverty rate is 14.5 %
Country with highest % of poverty is Haiti (77%)
India ranks 43 in poverty internationally
25.7% poverty in rural India
13.7% poverty in urban India
Indian state with highest % of BPL – Chhattisgarh
(39.93%)

Status of PovertyandHealthIndicators
State (World Bank
2012)
Percentage of Below
Poverty Line
Life Expectancy IMR MMR
Goa 5.09 - 10 -
Kerala 7.05 74.9 12 66
Himachal Pradesh 8.06 71.6 36 -
Sikkim 8.19 - 24 -
Punjab 8.26 71.6 28 155
Bihar 33.7 68.1 43 219
Manipur 36.89 - 10 -
Jharkhand 36.96 66.6 38 219
Chhattisgarh 39.93 64.8 47 230

Consequences of povertyonhealth
Poverty characteristics Ill health
Poor nutrition; lower productivity and income Weakened immune systems and reduced ability to
fight disease
Poor shelter and living conditions Susceptibility to diarrhoeal diseases and respiratory
diseases
Poor working conditions(roadside location,
unventilated factories)
No health and safety protection, increases the
vulnerability of poor people to health risks and
accidents
Low income households- least able to meet
healthcare costs
Self medication reduces effectiveness and may
change the nature of disease
Poor people often rely on livelihood strategies that
may deplete their assets
Increase vulnerability to ill health, accidents, stress
and other occupational hazards from childhood to
adulthood

Poverty
Alleviation
Through
1. Income assistance
2. Food assistance
3. Social Security assistance
4. Housing assistance
5. Sanitation assistance
6. Universal Health Care
7. Education

Income
Assistance
Rural:
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment guarantee act
(MGNREGA)
Urban:
 Swarna jayanti sahri rojgar yojana(SJSRY)

Food Assistance
 Targeted PDS
o 5kg food grain/capita/month
 Annapurna scheme for aged
o free 10kg food grains/month
 Antyodya anna yojana
o 35kg food grain/household/month

House&
Sanitation
Indira Avas Yojana
 Rs 45000 assistance
Swachh bharat mission (SBM)

Social Security
Assistance
Health Insurance:
 Rashtriya Swasthya Bhima Yojana(RSBY)
o Rs. 30000/family/year @ Rs30/Registration
 Universal Social Security
o Proposed in Budget 2015
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension
Scheme(IGNOAPS)
 Rs 500/month
Jan dhan Yojana

Squatter settlements
Informal economy: mostly
weavers, tanners, pottery
makers, daily wage workers
(Rs 60-100 per day)
History of epidemics
Economy has direct social
and physical impact

CONCLUSION
 Poverty is a national problem and
it must be solved on a war footing.
 Alleviation of poverty would
ensure a sustainable and inclusive
growth of economy and society.
 There by, leading to better health.

Relationship between Health and Poverty

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