This document provides a review of literature on diabetic macular edema (DME). It summarizes key studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of DME, including the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), trials of intravitreal corticosteroids, anti-VEGF drugs, and combination therapies. Major studies discussed include DRCR.net, PACORES, RESOLVE, BOLT, RIDE, and RESTORE trials which evaluated laser photocoagulation, corticosteroids, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and combination therapies for treating DME. The document concludes anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab and bevacizumab
This document summarizes a study that investigated using perceptual learning to improve vision in adult amblyopia. The study included 77 amblyopic patients and 16 control subjects with normal vision. Patients received 30 minute treatment sessions weekly involving detecting spatial frequency gratings, for a total of 45 sessions on average. Results showed that visual acuity improved in the treatment group, with 68% gaining at least two ETDRS lines and 83% improving to better than 6/12. The improvement was not dependent on age and was correlated with initial deficit. This provides evidence that perceptual learning can induce plasticity in the adult visual cortex and improve amblyopia.
Diode Laser Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity – Our Experience in Bulg...inventionjournals
This document presents the results of a retrospective study conducted in Bulgaria on the use of diode laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The study included 54 premature infants (102 eyes) treated between 2011-2016. Most infants were male, with a mean gestational age of 26.8 weeks and birth weight of 920g. Zone II ROP was most common (91.2% of eyes). Following laser treatment, favorable structural outcomes were achieved in 87.3% of eyes. Unfavorable outcomes including retinal detachment occurred in 12.7% of eyes. The results suggest that timely laser treatment effectively reduces progression of ROP and risk of childhood blindness.
Myopia: Can Its Progression Be Controlled?Dominick Maino
1) Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and its prevalence has increased substantially in recent decades, especially among adolescents in Asia.
2) While the exact mechanisms of myopia development are not fully understood, near work is considered a major environmental risk factor.
3) Promising treatments for controlling myopia progression include muscarinic receptor antagonists like atropine and pirenzepine, as well as progressive addition lenses, though their effectiveness may depend on a patient's nearpoint phoria.
4) Other treatments such as bifocal lenses, contact lenses, and undercorrection have shown limited or inconsistent effects on slowing myopia progression. Traditional Chinese interventions still require more scientific evidence of their efficacy
Myopia is considered to be a leading cause of visual impairment. Furthermore, the prevalence of myopia young adolescents has increased substantially over the
past few decades. Although myopia was identified more than two thousands years ago, a consistently effective approach to myopia control for all patients still eludes
clinicians
This document summarizes clinical trial evidence for the drug edaravone in the treatment of ALS. A Phase 3 trial of 137 patients with ALS found that edaravone significantly reduced the decline in ALSFRS-R scores over 24 weeks compared to placebo. This provides evidence that edaravone slows progression of ALS in well-defined populations. However, limitations include the short study duration and stringent inclusion criteria, so longer term efficacy in broader populations remains unclear.
Learning Effect and Test-Retest Variability in Healthy Subjects and Patients ...inventionjournals
Aim: To study learning effect (LE) and test retest variability (TRV) in healthy subjects and patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using Rarebit perimetry (RBP). To determine normative ranges of RBP. Methods: 61 eyes of 35 subjects underwent visual field testing with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and RBP. TRV and LE were assessed in repeated examinations conducted in 3 different days. First two examinations were conducted within 3 days and the last one within one month. LE was assessed by comparing results from the three sessions. TRV was evaluated by calculating differences between retest for each combination of single tests. To determine normative ranges of RBP were included 34 eyes of 21 healthy subjects and 62 eyes of 47 subjects with preperimetric and early POAG. Cut off value was determined between the two groups using ROC analysis. Results: No significant LE was observed in POAG group. There was a significant LE in the control group but only in the visual field zones with eccentric location. TRV was higher in POAG group and in central visual field zone. The mean MHR in control group was 94.88 (SD 2.21) and 83.56 (SD 6.95) in POAG group. Cut off value for discriminating between healthy subjects and patient with POAG was 91.50% with AUROC 0.985 (p<0.001, ROC analysis). Conclusion: RBP is fast and easy to perform test. RBP testing did not show a significant LE in glaucoma group, however, TRV was consistent. MHR can be successfully used for differentiation of healthy eye from those with early glaucoma changes.
This document provides a review of literature on diabetic macular edema (DME). It summarizes key studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of DME, including the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), trials of intravitreal corticosteroids, anti-VEGF drugs, and combination therapies. Major studies discussed include DRCR.net, PACORES, RESOLVE, BOLT, RIDE, and RESTORE trials which evaluated laser photocoagulation, corticosteroids, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and combination therapies for treating DME. The document concludes anti-VEGF drugs like ranibizumab and bevacizumab
This document summarizes a study that investigated using perceptual learning to improve vision in adult amblyopia. The study included 77 amblyopic patients and 16 control subjects with normal vision. Patients received 30 minute treatment sessions weekly involving detecting spatial frequency gratings, for a total of 45 sessions on average. Results showed that visual acuity improved in the treatment group, with 68% gaining at least two ETDRS lines and 83% improving to better than 6/12. The improvement was not dependent on age and was correlated with initial deficit. This provides evidence that perceptual learning can induce plasticity in the adult visual cortex and improve amblyopia.
Diode Laser Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity – Our Experience in Bulg...inventionjournals
This document presents the results of a retrospective study conducted in Bulgaria on the use of diode laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The study included 54 premature infants (102 eyes) treated between 2011-2016. Most infants were male, with a mean gestational age of 26.8 weeks and birth weight of 920g. Zone II ROP was most common (91.2% of eyes). Following laser treatment, favorable structural outcomes were achieved in 87.3% of eyes. Unfavorable outcomes including retinal detachment occurred in 12.7% of eyes. The results suggest that timely laser treatment effectively reduces progression of ROP and risk of childhood blindness.
Myopia: Can Its Progression Be Controlled?Dominick Maino
1) Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide and its prevalence has increased substantially in recent decades, especially among adolescents in Asia.
2) While the exact mechanisms of myopia development are not fully understood, near work is considered a major environmental risk factor.
3) Promising treatments for controlling myopia progression include muscarinic receptor antagonists like atropine and pirenzepine, as well as progressive addition lenses, though their effectiveness may depend on a patient's nearpoint phoria.
4) Other treatments such as bifocal lenses, contact lenses, and undercorrection have shown limited or inconsistent effects on slowing myopia progression. Traditional Chinese interventions still require more scientific evidence of their efficacy
Myopia is considered to be a leading cause of visual impairment. Furthermore, the prevalence of myopia young adolescents has increased substantially over the
past few decades. Although myopia was identified more than two thousands years ago, a consistently effective approach to myopia control for all patients still eludes
clinicians
This document summarizes clinical trial evidence for the drug edaravone in the treatment of ALS. A Phase 3 trial of 137 patients with ALS found that edaravone significantly reduced the decline in ALSFRS-R scores over 24 weeks compared to placebo. This provides evidence that edaravone slows progression of ALS in well-defined populations. However, limitations include the short study duration and stringent inclusion criteria, so longer term efficacy in broader populations remains unclear.
Learning Effect and Test-Retest Variability in Healthy Subjects and Patients ...inventionjournals
Aim: To study learning effect (LE) and test retest variability (TRV) in healthy subjects and patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using Rarebit perimetry (RBP). To determine normative ranges of RBP. Methods: 61 eyes of 35 subjects underwent visual field testing with standard automated perimetry (SAP) and RBP. TRV and LE were assessed in repeated examinations conducted in 3 different days. First two examinations were conducted within 3 days and the last one within one month. LE was assessed by comparing results from the three sessions. TRV was evaluated by calculating differences between retest for each combination of single tests. To determine normative ranges of RBP were included 34 eyes of 21 healthy subjects and 62 eyes of 47 subjects with preperimetric and early POAG. Cut off value was determined between the two groups using ROC analysis. Results: No significant LE was observed in POAG group. There was a significant LE in the control group but only in the visual field zones with eccentric location. TRV was higher in POAG group and in central visual field zone. The mean MHR in control group was 94.88 (SD 2.21) and 83.56 (SD 6.95) in POAG group. Cut off value for discriminating between healthy subjects and patient with POAG was 91.50% with AUROC 0.985 (p<0.001, ROC analysis). Conclusion: RBP is fast and easy to perform test. RBP testing did not show a significant LE in glaucoma group, however, TRV was consistent. MHR can be successfully used for differentiation of healthy eye from those with early glaucoma changes.
Patient Compliance To Treatment In The Management Of Glaucoma And Factors Aff...Dr. Jagannath Boramani
This document discusses a study examining patient compliance with glaucoma treatment and factors affecting compliance. The study aims to prospectively analyze at least 100 glaucoma patients to assess compliance and its determinants. So far 15 patients have been enrolled, with poor overall compliance observed. Majority of noncompliant patients had low socioeconomic status and education. The study recommends various local and general measures to improve compliance, such as educational materials, family involvement, and assistance programs.
Real active and passive therapy in amblyopia managamentBipin Koirala
This document discusses different therapies for treating amblyopia, including both passive and active approaches. It describes passive therapies like refractive correction, occlusion therapy, and penalization, which aim to eliminate visual deprivation and correct ocular dominance without active effort from the patient. It also discusses active therapies like pleoptics and perceptual learning, which require the patient's conscious involvement in visual tasks to improve performance. The key goals of amblyopia treatment are to restore visual acuity and make the amblyopic eye the preferred eye for fixation and vision.
This document summarizes recent information on drug pipelines and treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It discusses several drugs in clinical trials that aim to treat geographic atrophy, including fenretinide, ACU-4429, and POT-4. It provides details on a phase 2 clinical trial of NT-501 (ciliary neurotrophic factor) that showed stabilization of vision for patients with AMD. The document also discusses topical pazopanib eye drops and the implantable miniature telescope as potential therapies.
This document summarizes research on the use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as an adjunctive treatment for intractable epilepsy in children. It describes a 10-year-old boy's epilepsy case and the question of whether VNS can decrease seizure frequency in such cases. It then details the author's literature search methods and provides a structured summary of 25 relevant studies investigating the effects of VNS on seizure frequency reduction in children with intractable epilepsy. The studies presented are predominantly retrospective case series with small sample sizes, though some prospective case series and one randomized controlled trial are included. Reported seizure frequency reduction rates with VNS ranged widely, from over 90% in some cases to no response in others.
- Vision therapy is effective in treating various visual dysfunctions related to problems with accommodation, vergence, and eye teaming.
- Numerous controlled studies have found that vision therapy improves vergence ability, eliminates symptoms of convergence insufficiency in 73-93% of patients, and is more effective than other treatments like surgery for intermittent exotropia.
- Vision therapy has also been shown to be as effective as tutoring in improving reading performance while also eliminating asthenopia, and to be effective in treating accommodative anomalies by normalizing accommodative function and reducing symptoms.
To investigate an outcome of dynamic and log mar visual acuity on cataract pa...KrishnaKumarGupta26
This document discusses a study investigating the outcomes of dynamic and logMAR visual acuity testing on cataract patients. The study aims to measure logMAR visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity using a DYOP chart on cataract patients. A literature review is presented covering previous research demonstrating differences between static and dynamic visual acuity and the impact of factors like neck muscle fatigue and vestibular dysfunction on dynamic visual acuity. The need for the study is that static acuity tests do not accurately measure visual acuity in dynamic real-world conditions, whereas the DYOP chart provides a faster dynamic assessment.
1) The document discusses various treatment options for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) including anti-VEGF drugs such as ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab as well as steroid implants like dexamethasone and triamcinolone.
2) Clinical trials showed anti-VEGF drugs provided significant vision gains compared to observation alone, while results were mixed for other options like photocoagulation and steroids.
3) Long-term follow up data demonstrated the need for ongoing treatment to maintain vision gains in CRVO patients, with some achieving resolution of edema and excellent outcomes.
This study conducted a prospective population-based cohort study and systematic review/meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis receiving medical therapy alone. The cohort study included patients found to have asymptomatic carotid stenosis between 2002-2017 who received contemporary medical management including antiplatelet/statin therapy and blood pressure control. The primary outcome was ipsilateral ischemic stroke. A systematic review/meta-analysis of previous studies on this topic was also performed to determine stroke risks with medical therapy alone and evaluate if routine carotid intervention is still warranted.
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All three groups experienced statistically significant reductions in symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of one of the three treatments. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved measures of near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of those in the vision therapy group still reported symptoms at the end of treatment, though reduced. All three groups reported statistically significant reductions in symptoms, with the highest percentage meeting the criteria for symptom elimination in the vision therapy group.
8. a randomized clinical trial of vision therapy orthoptics versus pencil pus...Yesenia Castillo Salinas
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All treatments significantly improved symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
Inter-grader Agreement in the Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Pales...Riyad Banayot
e audit demonstrates an adequate level of quality and accuracy for primary grading in the diabetic
retinopathy screening program in the occupied Palestinian territories.
Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema with Aflibercept and Micropulse Laser (DA...haha haha
This clinical trial investigated the safety and efficacy of combining intravitreal aflibercept injections with micropulse laser treatment for diabetic macular edema. Thirty patients were randomized to receive either injections with sham laser (Group 1) or injections with micropulse laser (Group 2). Both groups showed improvements in visual acuity and macular thickness after 48 weeks, with no significant differences between groups. While micropulse laser did not reduce the number of injections needed or further improve outcomes, it also did not cause any adverse effects when combined with anti-VEGF therapy.
- This study compared the efficacy of ranibizumab injections plus panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) versus PRP alone for the treatment of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy over 12 months.
- The primary outcome was regression of neovascularization, which occurred in 92.7% of eyes receiving ranibizumab+PRP and 70.5% of eyes receiving PRP alone, a statistically significant difference.
- Secondary outcomes also favored the combination treatment, including a higher rate of complete neovascularization regression, shorter time to complete regression, and thinner macular retinal thickness at intermediate visits.
Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion for Dry Eye Diseaseeyedoc34
Two randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine 0.05% and 0.10% ophthalmic emulsions to their vehicle in treating moderate to severe dry eye disease. Both concentrations of cyclosporine significantly improved corneal staining and blurred vision compared to vehicle after 4-6 months. Cyclosporine was well tolerated with few discontinuing due to adverse events. The studies found topical cyclosporine effective and safe for treating dry eye disease.
The document summarizes research on the role of refractive correction in treating amblyopia. Key points:
- Refractive correction alone can significantly improve visual acuity in amblyopic eyes over several weeks or months, termed "refractive adaptation." Studies found an average improvement of 0.1-0.5 logMAR units.
- Refractive adaptation benefits all major types of amblyopia, including strabismic amblyopia. About a quarter of patients in some studies achieved normal vision with refractive correction alone.
- Later studies confirmed these findings and established refractive adaptation as an important first step in amblyopia treatment protocols before other therapies like occlusion.
- The neurophysiological basis is unclear but
This document summarizes research on the optical treatment of amblyopia through refractive correction. It finds that:
1) Refractive correction alone can significantly improve visual acuity in amblyopic eyes over 4-24 weeks, with improvements of 0.1-0.5 logMAR units. This occurs for all major types of amblyopia, including strabismic amblyopia.
2) Large clinical trials have confirmed that refractive correction improves acuity in amblyopic eyes by an average of 0.2-0.3 logMAR units. In some cases, amblyopia is fully resolved with refractive correction alone.
3) New treatment guidelines now incorporate an initial period of refractive correction before other
It is estimated that the prevalence of myopia will increase substantially worldwide by 2050, affecting nearly 50% of the global population. Risk factors for increased myopia include higher education levels, urban environments, lack of outdoor time, and a positive family history. Studies have shown that increased outdoor activity may help slow myopia progression in children by around 45% potentially due to increased dopamine release with light exposure. Failure to control high levels of myopia can impact quality of life and economic productivity due to comorbidities like retinal detachment.
Patient Compliance To Treatment In The Management Of Glaucoma And Factors Aff...Dr. Jagannath Boramani
This document discusses a study examining patient compliance with glaucoma treatment and factors affecting compliance. The study aims to prospectively analyze at least 100 glaucoma patients to assess compliance and its determinants. So far 15 patients have been enrolled, with poor overall compliance observed. Majority of noncompliant patients had low socioeconomic status and education. The study recommends various local and general measures to improve compliance, such as educational materials, family involvement, and assistance programs.
Real active and passive therapy in amblyopia managamentBipin Koirala
This document discusses different therapies for treating amblyopia, including both passive and active approaches. It describes passive therapies like refractive correction, occlusion therapy, and penalization, which aim to eliminate visual deprivation and correct ocular dominance without active effort from the patient. It also discusses active therapies like pleoptics and perceptual learning, which require the patient's conscious involvement in visual tasks to improve performance. The key goals of amblyopia treatment are to restore visual acuity and make the amblyopic eye the preferred eye for fixation and vision.
This document summarizes recent information on drug pipelines and treatments for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It discusses several drugs in clinical trials that aim to treat geographic atrophy, including fenretinide, ACU-4429, and POT-4. It provides details on a phase 2 clinical trial of NT-501 (ciliary neurotrophic factor) that showed stabilization of vision for patients with AMD. The document also discusses topical pazopanib eye drops and the implantable miniature telescope as potential therapies.
This document summarizes research on the use of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) as an adjunctive treatment for intractable epilepsy in children. It describes a 10-year-old boy's epilepsy case and the question of whether VNS can decrease seizure frequency in such cases. It then details the author's literature search methods and provides a structured summary of 25 relevant studies investigating the effects of VNS on seizure frequency reduction in children with intractable epilepsy. The studies presented are predominantly retrospective case series with small sample sizes, though some prospective case series and one randomized controlled trial are included. Reported seizure frequency reduction rates with VNS ranged widely, from over 90% in some cases to no response in others.
- Vision therapy is effective in treating various visual dysfunctions related to problems with accommodation, vergence, and eye teaming.
- Numerous controlled studies have found that vision therapy improves vergence ability, eliminates symptoms of convergence insufficiency in 73-93% of patients, and is more effective than other treatments like surgery for intermittent exotropia.
- Vision therapy has also been shown to be as effective as tutoring in improving reading performance while also eliminating asthenopia, and to be effective in treating accommodative anomalies by normalizing accommodative function and reducing symptoms.
To investigate an outcome of dynamic and log mar visual acuity on cataract pa...KrishnaKumarGupta26
This document discusses a study investigating the outcomes of dynamic and logMAR visual acuity testing on cataract patients. The study aims to measure logMAR visual acuity and dynamic visual acuity using a DYOP chart on cataract patients. A literature review is presented covering previous research demonstrating differences between static and dynamic visual acuity and the impact of factors like neck muscle fatigue and vestibular dysfunction on dynamic visual acuity. The need for the study is that static acuity tests do not accurately measure visual acuity in dynamic real-world conditions, whereas the DYOP chart provides a faster dynamic assessment.
1) The document discusses various treatment options for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) including anti-VEGF drugs such as ranibizumab, aflibercept, and bevacizumab as well as steroid implants like dexamethasone and triamcinolone.
2) Clinical trials showed anti-VEGF drugs provided significant vision gains compared to observation alone, while results were mixed for other options like photocoagulation and steroids.
3) Long-term follow up data demonstrated the need for ongoing treatment to maintain vision gains in CRVO patients, with some achieving resolution of edema and excellent outcomes.
This study conducted a prospective population-based cohort study and systematic review/meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis receiving medical therapy alone. The cohort study included patients found to have asymptomatic carotid stenosis between 2002-2017 who received contemporary medical management including antiplatelet/statin therapy and blood pressure control. The primary outcome was ipsilateral ischemic stroke. A systematic review/meta-analysis of previous studies on this topic was also performed to determine stroke risks with medical therapy alone and evaluate if routine carotid intervention is still warranted.
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All three groups experienced statistically significant reductions in symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 participants were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of one of the three treatments. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved measures of near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of those in the vision therapy group still reported symptoms at the end of treatment, though reduced. All three groups reported statistically significant reductions in symptoms, with the highest percentage meeting the criteria for symptom elimination in the vision therapy group.
8. a randomized clinical trial of vision therapy orthoptics versus pencil pus...Yesenia Castillo Salinas
This randomized clinical trial compared the effectiveness of vision therapy/orthoptics, pencil pushups, and placebo vision therapy/orthoptics for treating convergence insufficiency in adults aged 19-30. 46 patients were randomly assigned to receive one of the three treatments for 12 weeks. Vision therapy/orthoptics was the only treatment that significantly improved near point of convergence and positive fusional vergence. However, over half of patients receiving vision therapy were still symptomatic at the end of treatment, though symptoms were reduced. All treatments significantly improved symptoms, with 42% of vision therapy patients, 31% of placebo patients, and 20% of pencil pushup patients achieving elimination of symptoms.
Inter-grader Agreement in the Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program in Pales...Riyad Banayot
e audit demonstrates an adequate level of quality and accuracy for primary grading in the diabetic
retinopathy screening program in the occupied Palestinian territories.
Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema with Aflibercept and Micropulse Laser (DA...haha haha
This clinical trial investigated the safety and efficacy of combining intravitreal aflibercept injections with micropulse laser treatment for diabetic macular edema. Thirty patients were randomized to receive either injections with sham laser (Group 1) or injections with micropulse laser (Group 2). Both groups showed improvements in visual acuity and macular thickness after 48 weeks, with no significant differences between groups. While micropulse laser did not reduce the number of injections needed or further improve outcomes, it also did not cause any adverse effects when combined with anti-VEGF therapy.
- This study compared the efficacy of ranibizumab injections plus panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) versus PRP alone for the treatment of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy over 12 months.
- The primary outcome was regression of neovascularization, which occurred in 92.7% of eyes receiving ranibizumab+PRP and 70.5% of eyes receiving PRP alone, a statistically significant difference.
- Secondary outcomes also favored the combination treatment, including a higher rate of complete neovascularization regression, shorter time to complete regression, and thinner macular retinal thickness at intermediate visits.
Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Emulsion for Dry Eye Diseaseeyedoc34
Two randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine 0.05% and 0.10% ophthalmic emulsions to their vehicle in treating moderate to severe dry eye disease. Both concentrations of cyclosporine significantly improved corneal staining and blurred vision compared to vehicle after 4-6 months. Cyclosporine was well tolerated with few discontinuing due to adverse events. The studies found topical cyclosporine effective and safe for treating dry eye disease.
The document summarizes research on the role of refractive correction in treating amblyopia. Key points:
- Refractive correction alone can significantly improve visual acuity in amblyopic eyes over several weeks or months, termed "refractive adaptation." Studies found an average improvement of 0.1-0.5 logMAR units.
- Refractive adaptation benefits all major types of amblyopia, including strabismic amblyopia. About a quarter of patients in some studies achieved normal vision with refractive correction alone.
- Later studies confirmed these findings and established refractive adaptation as an important first step in amblyopia treatment protocols before other therapies like occlusion.
- The neurophysiological basis is unclear but
This document summarizes research on the optical treatment of amblyopia through refractive correction. It finds that:
1) Refractive correction alone can significantly improve visual acuity in amblyopic eyes over 4-24 weeks, with improvements of 0.1-0.5 logMAR units. This occurs for all major types of amblyopia, including strabismic amblyopia.
2) Large clinical trials have confirmed that refractive correction improves acuity in amblyopic eyes by an average of 0.2-0.3 logMAR units. In some cases, amblyopia is fully resolved with refractive correction alone.
3) New treatment guidelines now incorporate an initial period of refractive correction before other
It is estimated that the prevalence of myopia will increase substantially worldwide by 2050, affecting nearly 50% of the global population. Risk factors for increased myopia include higher education levels, urban environments, lack of outdoor time, and a positive family history. Studies have shown that increased outdoor activity may help slow myopia progression in children by around 45% potentially due to increased dopamine release with light exposure. Failure to control high levels of myopia can impact quality of life and economic productivity due to comorbidities like retinal detachment.
Similar to Effect of Repeated low-level red light therapy in.pptx (20)
About CentiUP - Product Information Slide.pdfCentiUP
A heightened child formula, with the trio of Nano Calcium, HMO, and DHA mixed in the golden ratio, combined with NANO technology to help nourish the body deeply and comprehensively, helps children increase height, boost brain power, and improve the immune system and overall well-being.
National accreditation for testing and calibration of biological laboratories...Nitish kumar
NABL accreditation is a certification provided by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories, ensuring laboratories meet international standards (ISO/IEC 17025) for technical competence and reliability. It enhances customer trust, improves lab performance, and facilitates international recognition. The accreditation process involves application submission, document review, assessments, and regular surveillance. Key requirements include a robust quality management system and competent personnel. Accredited labs benefit from increased credibility, competitive advantage, and regulatory recognition. Despite challenges like financial constraints and procedural complexities, NABL accreditation is vital for maintaining high-quality testing and calibration standards.
Bashundhara Toiletries Logo Guideline 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Exosome Therapy’s Regenerative Effects on Skin and Hair RejuvenationAdvancexo
Explore the transformative effects of exosome therapy on skin and hair rejuvenation. Learn how these tiny vesicles deliver essential growth factors and stimulate cellular repair, offering natural solutions for aging skin and hair loss. Discover the science behind exosomes and their benefits in aesthetic dermatology.
About CentiUP - Introduction and Products.pdfCentiUP
A heightened child formula, with the trio of Nano Calcium, HMO, and DHA mixed in the golden ratio, combined with NANO technology to help nourish the body deeply and comprehensively, helps children increase height, boost brain power, and improve the immune system and overall well-being.
Chandigarh *Call "Girls 🫶Number --((7988336991))🤳🏻-- by Chandigarh🫦 cALL gIRL 🫦
If you are in search of a 7988336991 Call Girls In Chandigarh you can opt for an in-call or out-call service. These services are available for all sorts of needs For instance, if you coming up, you can choose a lady for an in-call or out-of-call service. In call girls are usually available 24 hours a day and will be available for your personal needs.
Call Girls Udaipur 8824825030 Escort In Udaipur service 24X7
Effect of Repeated low-level red light therapy in.pptx
1. Effect of Repeated low-level red light
therapy in myopia control in children
A Multicentre Randomised Controlled trial
DR ASWATHI VENUGOPAL
2. Article citation
Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Tan X, Kong X, Zhong H, Zhang j, Xiong R , Yuan Y
Ophthalmology.2021 Dec 1:S0161-6420(21)00916-7
3. Aim of study
Assess the efficacy and safety of repeated low level red light (RLRL)
therapy in myopia control in children.
4. Methodology
Study Design : Multicentre , randomised, parallel group, single-blind
clinical trial
Study duration: 1 year
Study setting: 5 study centres from 4 tertiary hospitals in China
Study population: A total of 264 eligible children – July to August 2019,
follow up completed in August 2020
6. Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
Children aged 8-13 years with
1. Myopia of cycloplegic SER of -1 to -5.00D
2. Astigmatism ≤ 2.50 D
3. Anisometropia ≤ 1.50D
4. BCVA of ≥ o.o logMAR in either eye
Exclusion criteria
- Strabismus, binocular vision abnormalities, other ocular abnormalities or
systemic disease
- children who have had previous myopia control treatement.
7. Randomisation and masking
Eligible children were randomly allocated to either the intervention arm
(RLRL treatment + single vision spectacle (svs) or control arm ( SVS
correction) based on a centralised web-based randomization service
system.
Single blinded trial- outcome assessors were masked to the treatment
allocation
8. Intervention
All children wore SVS throughout the study and updated their spectacle if
needed
Children in the intervention group additionally received RLRL therapy – a
desktop light therapy device delivering low-level red light of 650nm at an
illuminance of 1600lux and a power of 0.29mW through a 4mm pupil, a
level considered safe for direct ocular exposure.
Children in the RLR group completed treatment , under the supervision of
their parents – 3 minutes per session, 2 sessions per day with a minimum
interval of 4 hours, 5 days per week- repeated daily until the last follow up
visit at 12 months
9. Intervention compliance monitoring
The device connected to internet with an automated diary function to record
the date and time of treatment sessions, as well as to control light emission as
per the predefined treatment schedule.
10. Main Outcome Measures
Measured at baseline and compared to the 1-, 3- , 6- and 12 month follow
up visits.
1. Primary outcomes : Changes in AL
2. Secondary outcomes:
- Changes in cycloplegic SER ( myopic progression)
- Other parameters : ACD, CC, WTW corneal diameter and VA
- Choroidal thickness – an optional outcome.
11. Results
A total of 264 myopic children were included in the study , with 119
children randomly assigned to the RLRL group, and 145 to the SVS group
by simple random sampling.
12. Trial profile
A total of 117 children in the
RLRL and 129 children in the
SVS group were included in
the analysis.
13. Primary Outcome
12- month adjusted mean axial
elongation- 0.13mm in RLRL group &
0.38 mm in the SVS group
14. Secondary outcome
Adjusted mean SER progression over 12 months was -0.29 D ( RLRL
group) & -0.79 D (SVS group).
15. RLRL similar to SVS for mean changes in other ocular biometric
parameters ( ACD, CC, & WTW )
At the 12 –month follow up visit , the proportion of children whose UCVA
improved by at least 2 lines was significantly greater the RLRL GROUP than
those in SVS Group ( 21.8% versus 7.9% ; p< 0.001)
The association between compliance and myopia progression was
significant.
No severe adverse events were reported.
16. Limitation of study
Lack of masking with a light treatment simulator as a placebo.
50% of children were lost to follow up at 6 months, although tried to
maximise follow up at 12 month visit.
Observed treatment efficacy generalizable only to the device used in the
study
Short duration of study to observe full myopia control effects
Unable to describe possible stop and rebound effects or efficacy in other
ethnic groups.
17. Conclusion
Among Chinese children aged 8-13 years with myopia , RLRL therapy is
safe and effective new alternative treatment for myopia control with good
user acceptability and no documented functional and structural balance.
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
