The document discusses repair techniques for masonry structures like brick buildings. It describes common types of cracks that occur in masonry, such as vertical cracks at corners or around openings. Damage can be caused by aging, construction errors, chemicals, and other factors. Repair techniques discussed include using sand/cement mortar, polymer modified mortars, epoxy resins, epoxy injection into small cracks, and crack stitching to reinforce large cracks. The conclusion advocates for cost-effective repair and retrofitting of damaged structures rather than full reconstruction.
This document discusses translucent concrete and bacterial concrete. It defines translucent concrete as concrete that allows light to pass through it due to embedded optical fibers. The manufacturing process and tests for translucent concrete are described. Bacterial concrete is defined as concrete that fills cracks through bacterial reactions. The document discusses the components, manufacturing process, tests, advantages, and disadvantages of both translucent and bacterial concretes. It also compares the costs of conventional versus bacterial concrete. In conclusion, the document notes that civil engineers are working to improve concrete quality and address disadvantages.
Techniques for various structural repairUdayram Patil
Structural damage is crucial to safety. Proper remedial measures should always taken to avoid measure loss. This presentation provided various measure to repair structural damage.
Rehabilitation of concrete structures, surface treatmentShivRam G Krishnan
This presentation was part of IIT Bombay course Repair and Rehabilitation of Structure. This contains details of Surface preparation of structure, bonding agents and placement techniques
This document discusses types of waste materials that can be used to produce waste material based concrete, including organic waste like rice husk, inorganic waste like broken concrete and glass, and industrial wastes like blast furnace slag, coal ash, and red mud. Rice husk can be used to produce lightweight concrete, while broken concrete and glass can produce concrete of sufficient strength. Blast furnace slag and coal ash can partially replace cement and improve properties like chemical resistance. Silica fume can significantly increase strength and allow high water-cement ratios. Using these wastes can reduce costs and environmental impacts of concrete production.
This document describes the slipform construction method for building reinforced concrete chimneys. The slipform method involves using hydraulic jacks to continuously lift steel formwork panels, allowing wet concrete to be poured without stopping to form continuous cylindrical shells. As the jacks lift the formwork by 1.5 to 3 meters per day, workers are able to place reinforcement, pour and finish the concrete, and cure the shell in a continuous, 24-hour process. Once the shell is complete, internal platforms and flues are installed along with other finishing work.
The document discusses the process of manufacturing concrete. It begins by outlining the key ingredients in ordinary Portland cement - lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide. These ingredients are heated to high temperatures in a kiln to form complex compounds. There are wet, dry, and semi-dry processes for manufacturing cement, which differ in whether raw materials are mixed dry or as a slurry. In the wet process, materials are ground into a slurry with water before being fed into a rotating kiln where they fuse at 1500°C to form clinker. The clinker is then cooled, ground, and gypsum is added to produce cement. Hydration occurs when cement mixes with water, forming hydrated compounds
The document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete components are cast off-site in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for assembly. This allows for standardized, mass produced elements.
- Large precast concrete panels form the walls and floors, connecting vertically and horizontally. When joined, they form a rigid box structure that transfers lateral loads.
- Connections between precast elements can be either dry joints using bolts/welds, or monolithic placement with concrete poured to join components.
The document discusses repair techniques for masonry structures like brick buildings. It describes common types of cracks that occur in masonry, such as vertical cracks at corners or around openings. Damage can be caused by aging, construction errors, chemicals, and other factors. Repair techniques discussed include using sand/cement mortar, polymer modified mortars, epoxy resins, epoxy injection into small cracks, and crack stitching to reinforce large cracks. The conclusion advocates for cost-effective repair and retrofitting of damaged structures rather than full reconstruction.
This document discusses translucent concrete and bacterial concrete. It defines translucent concrete as concrete that allows light to pass through it due to embedded optical fibers. The manufacturing process and tests for translucent concrete are described. Bacterial concrete is defined as concrete that fills cracks through bacterial reactions. The document discusses the components, manufacturing process, tests, advantages, and disadvantages of both translucent and bacterial concretes. It also compares the costs of conventional versus bacterial concrete. In conclusion, the document notes that civil engineers are working to improve concrete quality and address disadvantages.
Techniques for various structural repairUdayram Patil
Structural damage is crucial to safety. Proper remedial measures should always taken to avoid measure loss. This presentation provided various measure to repair structural damage.
Rehabilitation of concrete structures, surface treatmentShivRam G Krishnan
This presentation was part of IIT Bombay course Repair and Rehabilitation of Structure. This contains details of Surface preparation of structure, bonding agents and placement techniques
This document discusses types of waste materials that can be used to produce waste material based concrete, including organic waste like rice husk, inorganic waste like broken concrete and glass, and industrial wastes like blast furnace slag, coal ash, and red mud. Rice husk can be used to produce lightweight concrete, while broken concrete and glass can produce concrete of sufficient strength. Blast furnace slag and coal ash can partially replace cement and improve properties like chemical resistance. Silica fume can significantly increase strength and allow high water-cement ratios. Using these wastes can reduce costs and environmental impacts of concrete production.
This document describes the slipform construction method for building reinforced concrete chimneys. The slipform method involves using hydraulic jacks to continuously lift steel formwork panels, allowing wet concrete to be poured without stopping to form continuous cylindrical shells. As the jacks lift the formwork by 1.5 to 3 meters per day, workers are able to place reinforcement, pour and finish the concrete, and cure the shell in a continuous, 24-hour process. Once the shell is complete, internal platforms and flues are installed along with other finishing work.
The document discusses the process of manufacturing concrete. It begins by outlining the key ingredients in ordinary Portland cement - lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide. These ingredients are heated to high temperatures in a kiln to form complex compounds. There are wet, dry, and semi-dry processes for manufacturing cement, which differ in whether raw materials are mixed dry or as a slurry. In the wet process, materials are ground into a slurry with water before being fed into a rotating kiln where they fuse at 1500°C to form clinker. The clinker is then cooled, ground, and gypsum is added to produce cement. Hydration occurs when cement mixes with water, forming hydrated compounds
The document discusses precast concrete construction. Some key points:
- Precast concrete components are cast off-site in a controlled environment and transported to the construction site for assembly. This allows for standardized, mass produced elements.
- Large precast concrete panels form the walls and floors, connecting vertically and horizontally. When joined, they form a rigid box structure that transfers lateral loads.
- Connections between precast elements can be either dry joints using bolts/welds, or monolithic placement with concrete poured to join components.
Vacuum dewatering is a process that removes excess water from freshly poured concrete to achieve an ideal water-cement ratio and improved properties. Concrete is poured and a vacuum pump then removes 15-25% of the water through a suction mat and filter pads. This results in higher strength, less cracking and shrinkage, improved abrasion resistance, and a smooth, level surface. Vacuum dewatering is commonly used for industrial and commercial floors that require high durability.
This document discusses permeability reducing admixtures (PRAs) that can be added to concrete to improve its waterproofing properties. It describes how PRAs work by reducing the size, number and connectivity of pores to limit water penetration. The main types are hydrophobic, finely divided solids, and crystalline materials. Test results show crystalline PRAs can reduce permeability by up to 70%. PRAs should be used for structures exposed to moisture or hydrostatic pressure. Dosage depends on the type but is typically 2-5% by weight. Successful projects using PRAs are mentioned.
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.
Shotcrete normally has a greater compressive strength then cast in place concrete due to lower water to cement ratio.
The guniting is the most effective process of repairing concrete work which has been damaged due to inferior work or other reasons. It is also used for providing an impervious layer.
The document provides an introduction to the repair and rehabilitation of structures. It discusses factors contributing to damages in buildings from construction through use. Common causes of distress in concrete structures are then outlined, including construction errors, environmental factors, and chemical reactions. The objectives of conducting a condition survey of a distressed structure are presented, including identifying causes and assessing the extent of damage. The stages of a condition survey are described, beginning with a preliminary inspection, planning, visual inspection, and potentially field and laboratory testing. Classification of damage into different classes is also covered to help assess repair needs.
Building mortars are mixtures used for jointing bricks, stones, and blocks. They are made by adding water to a mixture of fine aggregates like sand and a binding material such as cement, lime, or gypsum. Mortars are used in brick/stone masonry joints and plastering to bind units together, provide structure strength and durability, and form a protective weather-resistant layer between masonry courses. Common types include cement mortars, lime mortars, and clay/mud mortars.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
This document discusses various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods for concrete structures. It describes 6 stages of repair including concrete removal, surface preparation, formwork installation, applying bonding coats, and repair application. Various repair methods are outlined, such as repairs using mortars, dry packing, shotcrete, concrete replacement, epoxy overlays, and jacketing. Factors to consider for selection of repair methods include the type and extent of distress and environmental exposure. The objectives of repair are to reinstate structural integrity, prevent moisture ingress, and maintain appearance.
High performance concrete provides improved durability and structural capacity compared to conventional concrete. It has a denser microstructure due to a lower water-cement ratio, making it more impermeable and durable. Various methods can be used to produce high strength concrete, including seeding, revibration, and using admixtures. High performance concrete requires careful material selection and mixing to obtain properties like low permeability, high early strength, and resistance to chemical attack. It is an engineered concrete that achieves optimized performance for given loading and exposure conditions.
Tunnel form is a formwork system that allows to cast walls and slabs in one operation on a daily cycle. It combines the speed, quality and accuracy with the flexibility and economy of in-situ construction. Construction durations are reduced significantly by this rapid system when compared to conventional methods. The system creates efficient load-bearing structures which are known as the most earthquake resistant structures. Rohan Builders has adopted the technique at its Rohan Abhilasha project in Wagholi in Pune.
The document provides details on the methodology and specifications for various items of construction work. It summarizes construction methods for items like earthwork, mortars, concrete work, finishing, repairs to buildings, road work, sanitary installation, water supply and drainage. It includes power point presentations on these topics based on CPWD specifications. The presentations are useful for students, engineers and construction departments to understand specifications, standards and methodology. It also lists relevant Indian Standards codes for materials and construction methods.
The discussion on rehabilitation of foundations were discussed. The types used for rehabilitation were explained with the procedure. in addition, the case study under each type were also discussed for better understanding of the subject.
The document defines key terms related to quality control and quality assurance in construction projects. It outlines the quality system, which incorporates processes to ensure project outputs meet requirements. It also describes the QA/QC manual, which focuses on implementation and quality control of construction works. The manual provides guidelines for inspections, testing, responsibilities and documentation to ensure quality standards are satisfied.
The document discusses the concept of quality in construction works. It defines quality according to various quality gurus and standards, and notes that quality is difficult to define but is customer-oriented. It describes the evolution of approaches to quality including inspections, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management (TQM). TQM involves all levels and aims for continuous improvement. For construction works, both product and service dimensions are important to quality. Safety and quality are complementary, and achieving high quality requires a TQM approach from all personnel involved in a construction project.
This document discusses various techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures. It covers topics such as concrete deterioration mechanisms, materials used for repair like cement mortars and polymers, and techniques like grouting, jacketing, and external bonding. Assessment of damaged structures involves preliminary investigation, detailed investigation using techniques like core cutting, rebar location, corrosion measurement, and pull-out tests to determine repair requirements. Underwater repair of structures also requires special considerations and techniques.
In this PPT, you will come to know about how cracks form on the structure and what preventive measures should follow to overcome cracks and different types of cracks
Ferrocement is a type of thin reinforced concrete made of cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced wire mesh. It has a higher ratio of steel to cement than conventional concrete. Ferrocement was invented in France in the 1840s and provides high tensile strength, durability, and versatility due to its composition and thin walls. It can be cast into various shapes using different techniques like hand plastering, semi-mechanized processes, centrifuging, or guniting. Ferrocement has applications in water tanks, boats, roofs, and other prefabricated structures due to its properties and ease of production.
The document provides information about precast concrete, including:
- Precast concrete is concrete that is cast off-site in a controlled environment using reusable molds. Elements can be joined to form structures.
- Products include buildings, walls, slabs, columns. Elements are poured into molds, cured, then transported and installed.
- History of precast concrete dates back to Rome. Examples given include the Sydney Opera House and buildings by Richard Meier.
- Advantages include reduced construction time, quality control, and earthquake resistance. Disadvantages include high costs for small projects and difficulty altering cast-in services.
Here are the key steps in concrete frame construction:
1. Excavation and foundation work - This involves excavating the land and laying the foundation system such as raft or pile foundations.
2. Erection of formwork - Formwork is erected to give shape to the concrete elements like columns, beams, slabs, etc. It is designed to bear the pressure of wet concrete.
3. Reinforcement cage - Steel reinforcement bars are cut, bent and assembled into cages and placed accurately in position in the formwork.
4. Concreting - Concrete is poured, compacted and finished after placing the reinforcement cages in position.
5. Curing - After concreting, the concrete elements
Vacuum dewatering is a process that removes excess water from freshly poured concrete to achieve an ideal water-cement ratio and improved properties. Concrete is poured and a vacuum pump then removes 15-25% of the water through a suction mat and filter pads. This results in higher strength, less cracking and shrinkage, improved abrasion resistance, and a smooth, level surface. Vacuum dewatering is commonly used for industrial and commercial floors that require high durability.
This document discusses permeability reducing admixtures (PRAs) that can be added to concrete to improve its waterproofing properties. It describes how PRAs work by reducing the size, number and connectivity of pores to limit water penetration. The main types are hydrophobic, finely divided solids, and crystalline materials. Test results show crystalline PRAs can reduce permeability by up to 70%. PRAs should be used for structures exposed to moisture or hydrostatic pressure. Dosage depends on the type but is typically 2-5% by weight. Successful projects using PRAs are mentioned.
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.
Shotcrete normally has a greater compressive strength then cast in place concrete due to lower water to cement ratio.
The guniting is the most effective process of repairing concrete work which has been damaged due to inferior work or other reasons. It is also used for providing an impervious layer.
The document provides an introduction to the repair and rehabilitation of structures. It discusses factors contributing to damages in buildings from construction through use. Common causes of distress in concrete structures are then outlined, including construction errors, environmental factors, and chemical reactions. The objectives of conducting a condition survey of a distressed structure are presented, including identifying causes and assessing the extent of damage. The stages of a condition survey are described, beginning with a preliminary inspection, planning, visual inspection, and potentially field and laboratory testing. Classification of damage into different classes is also covered to help assess repair needs.
Building mortars are mixtures used for jointing bricks, stones, and blocks. They are made by adding water to a mixture of fine aggregates like sand and a binding material such as cement, lime, or gypsum. Mortars are used in brick/stone masonry joints and plastering to bind units together, provide structure strength and durability, and form a protective weather-resistant layer between masonry courses. Common types include cement mortars, lime mortars, and clay/mud mortars.
This document discusses column jacketing, which is a method of retrofitting and strengthening existing columns. It involves adding reinforced concrete, steel, or fiber-reinforced polymer around the column. The key steps are preparing the column surface, adding shear keys and reinforcement, applying a bonding agent, and casting the new concrete or installing the jacket. Column jacketing increases the strength and seismic capacity of the column. It improves confinement and increases axial, shear, and foundation load capacity without significant weight addition.
This document discusses various rehabilitation and retrofitting methods for concrete structures. It describes 6 stages of repair including concrete removal, surface preparation, formwork installation, applying bonding coats, and repair application. Various repair methods are outlined, such as repairs using mortars, dry packing, shotcrete, concrete replacement, epoxy overlays, and jacketing. Factors to consider for selection of repair methods include the type and extent of distress and environmental exposure. The objectives of repair are to reinstate structural integrity, prevent moisture ingress, and maintain appearance.
High performance concrete provides improved durability and structural capacity compared to conventional concrete. It has a denser microstructure due to a lower water-cement ratio, making it more impermeable and durable. Various methods can be used to produce high strength concrete, including seeding, revibration, and using admixtures. High performance concrete requires careful material selection and mixing to obtain properties like low permeability, high early strength, and resistance to chemical attack. It is an engineered concrete that achieves optimized performance for given loading and exposure conditions.
Tunnel form is a formwork system that allows to cast walls and slabs in one operation on a daily cycle. It combines the speed, quality and accuracy with the flexibility and economy of in-situ construction. Construction durations are reduced significantly by this rapid system when compared to conventional methods. The system creates efficient load-bearing structures which are known as the most earthquake resistant structures. Rohan Builders has adopted the technique at its Rohan Abhilasha project in Wagholi in Pune.
The document provides details on the methodology and specifications for various items of construction work. It summarizes construction methods for items like earthwork, mortars, concrete work, finishing, repairs to buildings, road work, sanitary installation, water supply and drainage. It includes power point presentations on these topics based on CPWD specifications. The presentations are useful for students, engineers and construction departments to understand specifications, standards and methodology. It also lists relevant Indian Standards codes for materials and construction methods.
The discussion on rehabilitation of foundations were discussed. The types used for rehabilitation were explained with the procedure. in addition, the case study under each type were also discussed for better understanding of the subject.
The document defines key terms related to quality control and quality assurance in construction projects. It outlines the quality system, which incorporates processes to ensure project outputs meet requirements. It also describes the QA/QC manual, which focuses on implementation and quality control of construction works. The manual provides guidelines for inspections, testing, responsibilities and documentation to ensure quality standards are satisfied.
The document discusses the concept of quality in construction works. It defines quality according to various quality gurus and standards, and notes that quality is difficult to define but is customer-oriented. It describes the evolution of approaches to quality including inspections, quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management (TQM). TQM involves all levels and aims for continuous improvement. For construction works, both product and service dimensions are important to quality. Safety and quality are complementary, and achieving high quality requires a TQM approach from all personnel involved in a construction project.
This document discusses various techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures. It covers topics such as concrete deterioration mechanisms, materials used for repair like cement mortars and polymers, and techniques like grouting, jacketing, and external bonding. Assessment of damaged structures involves preliminary investigation, detailed investigation using techniques like core cutting, rebar location, corrosion measurement, and pull-out tests to determine repair requirements. Underwater repair of structures also requires special considerations and techniques.
In this PPT, you will come to know about how cracks form on the structure and what preventive measures should follow to overcome cracks and different types of cracks
Ferrocement is a type of thin reinforced concrete made of cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced wire mesh. It has a higher ratio of steel to cement than conventional concrete. Ferrocement was invented in France in the 1840s and provides high tensile strength, durability, and versatility due to its composition and thin walls. It can be cast into various shapes using different techniques like hand plastering, semi-mechanized processes, centrifuging, or guniting. Ferrocement has applications in water tanks, boats, roofs, and other prefabricated structures due to its properties and ease of production.
The document provides information about precast concrete, including:
- Precast concrete is concrete that is cast off-site in a controlled environment using reusable molds. Elements can be joined to form structures.
- Products include buildings, walls, slabs, columns. Elements are poured into molds, cured, then transported and installed.
- History of precast concrete dates back to Rome. Examples given include the Sydney Opera House and buildings by Richard Meier.
- Advantages include reduced construction time, quality control, and earthquake resistance. Disadvantages include high costs for small projects and difficulty altering cast-in services.
Here are the key steps in concrete frame construction:
1. Excavation and foundation work - This involves excavating the land and laying the foundation system such as raft or pile foundations.
2. Erection of formwork - Formwork is erected to give shape to the concrete elements like columns, beams, slabs, etc. It is designed to bear the pressure of wet concrete.
3. Reinforcement cage - Steel reinforcement bars are cut, bent and assembled into cages and placed accurately in position in the formwork.
4. Concreting - Concrete is poured, compacted and finished after placing the reinforcement cages in position.
5. Curing - After concreting, the concrete elements
This document provides information about prestressed concrete, specifically focusing on post-tensioning methods. It defines post-tensioning as a method of reinforcing concrete with high-strength steel strands called tendons. After the concrete cures, the tendons are tensioned using hydraulic jacks and wedged into place to transfer pressure to the concrete. There are benefits to post-tensioning like allowing longer spans, thinner structures, and reduced cracking compared to conventional reinforced concrete. The document discusses bonded and unbonded post-tensioning methods and provides examples of applications like buildings, bridges, and parking structures.
The document summarizes the benefits of the PrīmXComposite concrete system compared to traditional steel bar reinforced concrete. The key points are:
1) The PrīmXComposite system uses steel fibre reinforcement and additives to produce a stronger, more durable concrete that requires no waterproofing and is 30% faster to construct.
2) A case study shows the PrīmXComposite system saved over 16 days of construction time and 146 man-days of labor on a project in Norway compared to traditional reinforcement.
3) The steel fibre reinforcement provides a 50% stronger, more crack-resistant, water-tight and jointless concrete that reduces CO2 emissions by 40% compared to traditional reinforcement.
This document provides information on roof construction, industrialized building systems, and precast roof systems. It discusses coated fiberglass membrane roofs, precast concrete walls, beams, columns, flooring, and staircases. Precast concrete is described as having advantages like ease of installation, consistent quality, and reduced weather dependency compared to site-cast construction. Details and specifications are given for various precast structural and envelope elements. The document serves as a reference for a student project on advanced roof systems and industrialized building techniques.
This document discusses methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before concrete is poured around them. Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons inserted into voids in cured concrete using jacks. Both methods put the concrete in compression and improve its tensile strength. Common applications include building floors/roofs, bridges, and parking structures.
This document discusses different methods of prestressing concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before placing concrete around them, while post-tensioning involves stressing tendons after the concrete has cured using hydraulic jacks. Post-tensioning allows for longer spans, thinner slabs, and more architectural freedom compared to conventional reinforced concrete or pretensioned concrete. Common applications of post-tensioning include parking structures, bridges, and building floors and roofs.
This document provides information on different surface finishing techniques for concrete. It describes smoothing the surface with a hand float, and then further finishing options like magnesium, aluminum or wood floats. Troweling with magnesium or steel trowels is covered, with notes on timing to avoid damaging the concrete. Broom finishing is also explained, including using a stiff broom and dragging it over the wet surface to create a non-slip texture. The summary concludes with the importance of curing the concrete to allow proper drying over several weeks.
The document discusses various types of reinforcement and formwork materials used for speedy construction. It describes four main types of reinforcement - hot rolled deformed bars, mild steel plain bars, cold worked steel reinforcement, and pre-stressing steel. It also discusses four common formwork systems - table or flying formwork, column formwork, horizontal panel systems, and vertical panel systems. The formwork systems allow for faster construction through modular, engineered components that reduce time, costs, and waste compared to traditional formwork.
This document discusses different types of concrete. It begins by explaining that concrete is composed of cement, fine aggregates like sand, and coarse aggregates mixed with water. It then describes several types of concrete including ordinary concrete, self-compacting concrete, reinforced cement concrete, precast concrete, prestressed concrete, and pervious concrete. For each type, it provides a brief definition and some of the key characteristics. The document focuses on explaining the composition and properties of different concretes used in construction.
This document provides information about different types of concrete materials used in construction. It discusses prestressed concrete, precast concrete, reinforced concrete, ready mix concrete, terrazzo concrete, and urbanite concrete. For each type, it provides definitions, general information, properties, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It includes images and illustrations to enhance understanding of the different concretes. The document is a research report on various building materials for a university assignment.
The document discusses various types of reinforcement and formwork materials used for speedy construction. It describes hot rolled deformed bars, mild steel plain bars, cold worked steel reinforcement, and pre-stressing steel as the main types of reinforcement. It also discusses different types of formwork systems including conventional timber formwork, MS formwork, and advanced systems like table or flying formwork, column formwork, horizontal panel formwork, and vertical panel formwork. The advanced formwork systems allow for faster construction, better quality, and reduced costs.
1. The document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, foam concrete, self-compacting concrete, vacuum concrete, fibre reinforced concrete, ferrocement, ready mix concrete, slurry infiltrated fibre concrete (SIFCON), and shotcrete.
2. Lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates like shale, clay, or slate to reduce density while maintaining strength. Foam concrete is made by injecting air or gas into the mix to create a cellular structure.
3. Self-compacting concrete can be placed without vibration due to its fluidity. Vacuum concrete has water removed using vacuum mats to increase strength.
Sakshi K Mahadik completed an elective on precast and prefabricated construction. The document provides a certificate certifying that the portfolio of work submitted was completed by Sakshi under supervision. It then discusses various types of precast construction techniques used for roofs including precast concrete slab roofing, precast joist roof, and precast roofing systems that use curved metallic profiles to provide strength and waterproofing. Advantages include cost reduction, durability, quick installation and reduced maintenance needs while disadvantages include high initial investment and potential transportation issues.
Development OF Low Cost Durable Precast Compound WallIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of a low-cost durable precast compound wall. It begins with an introduction discussing the benefits of precast construction over traditional methods such as reduced construction time and costs. It then discusses the materials used for precast concrete walls such as concrete, steel reinforcement, structural steel, and non-cementitious materials. The objectives of the research are to find a low-cost construction method that offers minimum time. A literature review discusses previous research on precast walls that found benefits like improved quality, reduced weight, and affordability compared to traditional brick walls. The goal is to conclude that precast walls can provide a simpler, faster and cheaper construction method.
1. The document discusses how precast concrete can provide energy efficiency, resilience, and versatility for buildings.
2. It describes attributes of precast concrete like durability, thermal mass for energy savings, fire resistance, reuse of panels, and versatility of design.
3. Examples are given showing how precast concrete was used in different projects for its sustainability, resilience, and ability to meet performance goals.
This document provides information on formwork used in concrete construction. It defines formwork and lists its common materials as steel and wood. It describes the major objectives in formwork as quality, safety, and economy. It discusses the various types of formwork including temporary and permanent structures. It also provides details on formwork for different structural elements like walls, columns, slabs, beams, stairs, and chimneys. Finally, it covers topics like requirements, loads, design, and maintenance of formwork.
The document discusses precast concrete structures. It describes how precast construction involves manufacturing structural components in a controlled plant environment using standardized molds, then transporting them to the construction site for assembly. Precast offers advantages like higher quality control, faster construction, and less on-site labor. The document outlines the precasting process and various connection techniques. It provides examples of precast floor and roof systems.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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Precast compound wall
1. PRECAST COMPOUND WALL
BY : HARSH G. BOTHRA
Roll No.: 3141060
Under the Guidance of Prof: M. M. MAKWANA
Department of Civil Engineering, MITCOE
PUNE
2. Introduction
The precast concrete compound-wall panel has been used in
Europe for decades.
The original compound-wall design consisted of two types of
reinforced concrete and of plain concrete.
Compound (Boundary) walls include privacy walls, boundary-
marking walls on property, and town walls.
3. Characteristics
Precast concrete was developed by combining the best aspects of two familiar
technologies: the durability, fast erection, and architectural versatility of precast
concrete and the light weight and high strength of panelised cold-formed steel
stud framing.
The strength-to-weight ratio is high.
The precast units can support their own weight and be lifted off the casting
tables only 24 hours after casting, making cycle-time short and efficient.
Large panel sizes are practical to cast and light enough to handle with lighter
equipment, resulting in fewer panels to erect and fewer panel joints to seal.
4. Benefits & Sustainability
Installation of precast compound wall creates time and material savings
that can potentially substantially reduce construction costs and time.
This is also an environmental benefit, as reducing construction time
reduces energy consumption of construction equipment and the impact
of workers on the site.
Since it is made of concrete and steel, it does not support pest
infestation. Recycled material can be incorporated into precast wall.
Recycled steel can be used as raw material for the reinforcement. The
concrete can contain recycled aggregate and be made from locally
extracted materials. Some manufacturers have 25% or more recycled
content
6. Moulding
In this type of manufacturing
process the concrete mix is
poured into the mould ( plastic,
pvc, rubber or steel) and then
the mould in which concrete is
poured is kept aside to harden .
According to the necessity the
colours , design , size can be
varied .Mostly 24 hrs are
required to concrete to harden
and attain the desired strength .
Two types of compound wall
can be manufactured
1.) Reinforced Concrete Wall
2.) Plain concrete wall
8. Prestressed Method
Pre-stressing is a method in which compression force is applied to the
reinforced concrete section.
The effect of pre stressing is to reduce the tensile stress in the section to
the point till the tensile stress is below the cracking stress. Thus the
concrete does not crack.
It is then possible to treat concrete as a elastic material.
There are two basic methods of applying pre-stress to a concrete member
Pre-tensioning – most often used in factory situations
Post-tensioning – site use
9. Pre-tensioning
In Pre-tension, the tendons are tensioned against some
abutments before the concrete is place. After the concrete
hardened, the tension force is released. The tendon tries to
shrink back to the initial length but the concrete resists it
through the bond between them, thus, compression force is
induced in concrete. Pretension is usually done with precast
members
10. Post tensioning
In Post tension, the tendons are tensioned after the
concrete has hardened. Commonly, metal or plastic
ducts are placed inside the concrete before casting. After
the concrete hardened and had enough strength, the
tendon was placed inside the duct, stressed, and
anchored against concrete. Grout may be injected into
the duct later. This can be done either as precast or
cast-in-place.
11. Design of Reinforced wall panel
Posts shall have typical dimension of 84” height and 50 mm
thick
Posts shall be reinforced with 5 Rods of 4mm Prestres wire
(typical)
Panels shall have typical dimensions of 120” long by 12"
height by 50mm thick
Panels shall be reinforced with 2mm ms weldmesh having 3
horizontal bars and at least 10 to 12 vertical bars.
12. Cost Comparison
Precast wall costs around rs 120 per sq feet.
Brick wall costs around rs 165 per sq feet.
13. Advantages
The concrete of superior quality is produced as it is possible to have better
technical control on the production of concrete in factory.
It is not necessary to provide joints in the precast construction.
The labour required in the manufacturing process of the precast units can easily be
trained.
The moulds employed for preparing the precast units are of steel ,pvc or plastic
with exact dimension in all directions. These moulds are more durable and they can
be used several times.
The precast articles may be given the desired shape and finish with accuracy.
14. Advantages
The precast structures can be dismantled, when required and they can then be
suitably used elsewhere.
The transport and storage of various components of concrete for cast in situ work
are eliminated when precast members are adopted.
The work can be completed in a short time, when precast units are adopted.
Quality can be controlled and monitored much more easily
Weather is eliminated as a factor-you can cast in any weather and get the same
results, which allows you to perfect mixes and methods
Recycled aggregates and steel can be used to manufacture precast concrete
products.
15. Disadvantages
If not properly handled, the precast units may be damaged during transport.
It becomes difficult to produce satisfactory connections between the precast
members.
It is necessary to arrange for special equipment for lifting and moving of the
precast units.
The economy achieved in precast construction is partially balanced by the amount
to be spent in transport and handling of precast members. It becomes therefore
necessary to locate the precast factory at such a place that transport and handling
charges are brought down to the minimum possible extent.
16. Product Applications
Compound wall
Godown/industrial shed
Office building
Labour quarters
Security Room
Road Elevated dividers with Aesthetics look
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