The document discusses leveraging smart meter data to recognize appliances. It proposes a scheme to analyze recorded consumption information from smart meters to provide an appliance-specific breakdown of energy use. It describes simulating smart meter data for resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. Changes in power characteristics when appliances are switched on/off could be detected and compared to signature databases to identify individual appliances. However, challenges include smaller appliances being masked by larger household activity and continuously variable appliances being difficult to detect.
The document describes a syllabus for a course on smart grid technologies. It covers four modules: introduction to smart grids; information and communication technologies for smart grids; sensing, measurement, control and automation; and power electronics and energy storage. It provides details on the topics that will be covered in each module, such as smart metering and demand-side integration. The goal is for students to gain a clear understanding of smart grid technologies to enable research in the area.
In upcoming generation there is many advancement in electrical grid which make them more reliable. the smart grid was introduced with the aim of overcoming the weaknesses of conventional electrical grids using smart net meters.
This document provides an overview of smart grids, including their components, advantages, and limitations. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication technology to detect and automatically respond to local changes in usage. It aims to reduce costs and carbon emissions by integrating renewable energy sources. Key components include smart meters for sensing usage, core networks for connectivity between substations, and distribution networks for transmitting data to databases. Advantages are reduced carbon, automated control, and increased efficiency. Limitations include inadequate existing infrastructure and intermittent renewable sources.
Smart Grid Components Control Elements & Smart Grid TechnologySurajPrakash115
1. The document discusses the key components of a smart grid, including monitoring and control technology, transmission systems, smart devices interfaces, distribution systems, storage, and demand side management.
2. It describes each component in detail, explaining their functions and how they improve reliability, integration of renewable resources, and two-way power flow.
3. The technologies that will drive smart grids are identified as integrated communications, sensing and measurement, advanced components, and advanced control methods.
This document provides an overview of smart management of electric power grids. It discusses how smart grids use two-way communication between utilities and users to create an automated and distributed energy network. Key components of smart grids include smart meters that monitor energy usage in intervals and can remotely control appliances, information transfer networks to share data, and distributed generation from sources like solar panels. The document outlines benefits like improved reliability, efficiency, and ability to incorporate renewable energy through advanced monitoring and control enabled by smart grid technologies.
The document discusses the components and advantages of smart grids. It explains that smart grids use digital technology to monitor, control and analyze the electricity supply chain. This allows for more reliable delivery of power from various distributed sources like solar and wind. Key smart grid technologies include intelligent appliances, smart meters, super conducting cables, phasor measurement units, and smart substations. The smart grid provides benefits like better power management, supply/demand management, and remote meter reading. However, security and grid volatility are disadvantages if the network is not developed properly. Overall, smart grids have revolutionized the energy system through increased reliability, efficiency and consumer access.
A smart grid uses digital technology and two-way communication to allow for better management of electricity demand and integration of renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce electricity deficits in India by over 10% through components like smart meters and intelligent appliances. The smart grid will consist of interconnected control systems and technologies working with the electrical grid to respond dynamically to changing energy demands.
The document discusses smart grids and their components. Some key points:
- A smart grid uses information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of electricity production and distribution.
- It consists of applying digital processing and communications to the power grid, making data flow and information central.
- Smart grids allow for two-way communication between electricity producers and consumers, enabling functions like remote meter reading, demand response and outage detection.
- Advanced metering infrastructure, demand response, distributed generation and energy storage are some of the major smart grid applications and market segments.
- Widespread smart grid deployment faces challenges of high upfront costs, integrating new technologies with existing grid systems, and
The document describes a syllabus for a course on smart grid technologies. It covers four modules: introduction to smart grids; information and communication technologies for smart grids; sensing, measurement, control and automation; and power electronics and energy storage. It provides details on the topics that will be covered in each module, such as smart metering and demand-side integration. The goal is for students to gain a clear understanding of smart grid technologies to enable research in the area.
In upcoming generation there is many advancement in electrical grid which make them more reliable. the smart grid was introduced with the aim of overcoming the weaknesses of conventional electrical grids using smart net meters.
This document provides an overview of smart grids, including their components, advantages, and limitations. A smart grid uses two-way digital communication technology to detect and automatically respond to local changes in usage. It aims to reduce costs and carbon emissions by integrating renewable energy sources. Key components include smart meters for sensing usage, core networks for connectivity between substations, and distribution networks for transmitting data to databases. Advantages are reduced carbon, automated control, and increased efficiency. Limitations include inadequate existing infrastructure and intermittent renewable sources.
Smart Grid Components Control Elements & Smart Grid TechnologySurajPrakash115
1. The document discusses the key components of a smart grid, including monitoring and control technology, transmission systems, smart devices interfaces, distribution systems, storage, and demand side management.
2. It describes each component in detail, explaining their functions and how they improve reliability, integration of renewable resources, and two-way power flow.
3. The technologies that will drive smart grids are identified as integrated communications, sensing and measurement, advanced components, and advanced control methods.
This document provides an overview of smart management of electric power grids. It discusses how smart grids use two-way communication between utilities and users to create an automated and distributed energy network. Key components of smart grids include smart meters that monitor energy usage in intervals and can remotely control appliances, information transfer networks to share data, and distributed generation from sources like solar panels. The document outlines benefits like improved reliability, efficiency, and ability to incorporate renewable energy through advanced monitoring and control enabled by smart grid technologies.
The document discusses the components and advantages of smart grids. It explains that smart grids use digital technology to monitor, control and analyze the electricity supply chain. This allows for more reliable delivery of power from various distributed sources like solar and wind. Key smart grid technologies include intelligent appliances, smart meters, super conducting cables, phasor measurement units, and smart substations. The smart grid provides benefits like better power management, supply/demand management, and remote meter reading. However, security and grid volatility are disadvantages if the network is not developed properly. Overall, smart grids have revolutionized the energy system through increased reliability, efficiency and consumer access.
A smart grid uses digital technology and two-way communication to allow for better management of electricity demand and integration of renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce electricity deficits in India by over 10% through components like smart meters and intelligent appliances. The smart grid will consist of interconnected control systems and technologies working with the electrical grid to respond dynamically to changing energy demands.
The document discusses smart grids and their components. Some key points:
- A smart grid uses information and communications technologies to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of electricity production and distribution.
- It consists of applying digital processing and communications to the power grid, making data flow and information central.
- Smart grids allow for two-way communication between electricity producers and consumers, enabling functions like remote meter reading, demand response and outage detection.
- Advanced metering infrastructure, demand response, distributed generation and energy storage are some of the major smart grid applications and market segments.
- Widespread smart grid deployment faces challenges of high upfront costs, integrating new technologies with existing grid systems, and
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
IRJET- Automated Energy Metering SystemIRJET Journal
The document proposes an automated energy metering system to address issues with existing analog and digital energy metering. The system uses wireless sensors connected to each load to monitor power usage, which is sent to a controller and then to the customer and substation via wireless network. This allows customers to track daily usage on a mobile app to reduce waste, and helps identify power theft. It automates billing and payment through the app. By monitoring each appliance, it eliminates human errors in meter reading and reduces costs.
This document discusses the key aspects and benefits of smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids actively manage energy distribution networks in real-time by controlling demand and generation. This reduces reliance on carbon-based energy and shifts to low-carbon resources. Smart grids utilize two-way communication and control over distribution systems to optimize electricity supply and integrate renewable energy. Key benefits include reduced costs for utilities from improved operations and maintenance, lower peak demand, and empowered consumers who can better manage energy usage.
(a).What is smart grid technology?
(b).Role and necessity of smart grid technology
(c).Benefits and application of grid
(d).Various challenge of grid
(e).Best possible location
This document summarizes a research report on advancing energy management through smart metering systems from an operational perspective. The report discusses the limitations of traditional electricity meters and how smart meters can help overcome issues by providing consumers with more information on their energy usage. It outlines the objectives of the study, which include analyzing currently deployed smart metering systems, suggesting improvements, and studying consumer energy usage behaviors. The report also reviews the evolution of electricity meters and discusses the costs and benefits of smart metering systems for consumers and electricity suppliers.
IRJET- Smart and Efficient Load Control System using Dynamic TariffIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed smart and efficient load control system using dynamic tariff pricing. The system would use an IoT-based approach to control home appliances and industrial loads based on changing electricity rates and time periods. Sensors would monitor electricity consumption and tariff information from a virtual web server would be sent over an IoT cloud network to a microcontroller. The microcontroller would then control connected loads like LEDs and bulbs to encourage shifting usage to off-peak low-rate times. This could help reduce electricity bills for consumers and increase efficiency for electricity suppliers by leveling peak loads. The proposed system design and components are described, along with potential advantages like remote control and energy savings, and disadvantages
IRJET-A Novel Approach for Automatic Monitoring of Power Consumption using S...IRJET Journal
In Smart Grid, the smart meters are versatile role with intelligent capabilities in order to meet the consumer's demands and their each objective. Smart meter can measure and communicate detailed real time electricity usage, facilitate remote real time monitoring and control power consumptions and consumers are provided with real time pricing and analyzed usage information, which is a technical data to be transmitted to the grid, who are utility providers. More detailed feedback on each appliance to the user.This paper gives an overview of the security issues regarding power grids. It is targeted to use case scenarios, namely smart metering, and home gateway for applications like electric cars and home multimedia contents distribution over the power grid.
The document discusses the transformation from a traditional power grid to a smarter power grid, known as a smart grid. A smart grid uses two-way communication and digital technology to improve efficiency. It enables better integration of renewable energy sources and allows consumers to interact more with the grid. Key components of a smart grid include smart meters, phasor measurement units, distributed generation resources, and energy storage from electric vehicles. The benefits of a smart grid are improved efficiency, reliability, and use of renewable energy, while drawbacks include potential security and privacy issues from increased connectivity.
Advancement in Smart grid by Embedding a Last meter in a Internet of Things P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses embedding a smart meter into an Internet of Things platform to advance smart grids. It proposes an architecture that integrates smart grid applications with smart home applications. The architecture allows different wireless protocols to communicate between meters, users and the system. It also provides secure data access and simplifies interaction for non-technical users. Key benefits include integrating smart grids and smart homes on a single infrastructure, gathering data from various sensors securely, and providing a common interface for applications.
The document discusses how IoT can be used in smart energy and the oil and gas industry to improve efficiency and operations. It provides examples of how IoT sensors can be used for monitoring generation, transmission, distribution, consumption, assets, and pipelines. The benefits mentioned include operational efficiency, predictive maintenance, improved monitoring and control, reduced costs and risks, and integration of renewable energy. Case studies and startups working in this area are also highlighted.
Smart Grid technicalDraw neat diagram for equivalent circuit of transformer.pravingauda84
The document provides an overview of smart grids, including:
1) Smart grids use digital technology and communication to make the electric grid more efficient, reliable, and able to integrate renewable energy sources.
2) Key components of a smart grid include smart meters, sensors, communication networks, and data management systems to provide two-way communication between utilities and consumers.
3) Potential benefits of smart grids include reduced costs, fewer power outages, lower emissions, and giving consumers more control over their energy usage.
This document describes a smart energy meter that uses a GSM module to send electricity consumption data via SMS. The meter uses an AD7751 IC to measure real power consumption based on current and voltage inputs. An AVR microcontroller then processes this data and calculates energy used. It can send meter readings, billing information, and load details to the user's mobile phone upon request via a missed call to provide real-time monitoring. The smart meter allows for accurate and automated energy monitoring and billing compared to traditional meters.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid. It describes using a Zigbee wireless communication network with an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power consumption in a home and transmit that data to a utility server. The smart meter can measure voltage, current, power usage, set a monthly budget, and send billing information via SMS. It aims to automate meter reading and billing to reduce errors and labor costs compared to traditional meters. The document outlines the methodology, including using the microcontroller to transmit power usage data via Zigbee to a receiver unit and utility for monitoring and billing.
Report on smart metering& control of transmission systemDurgarao Gundu
This document provides an overview of smart metering and smart grid infrastructure. It discusses key components of a smart metering infrastructure including smart meters, communication systems, meter data management systems, and home area networks. Smart meters can record and store energy usage data at intervals, communicate bidirectionally, and support time-of-use pricing and demand response. Communication systems enable transmission of data from smart meters to utilities. Meter data management systems collect, store, analyze and utilize energy usage data. Home area networks allow customers to access their energy usage data and receive signals from utilities. The document also compares automatic meter reading and smart metering infrastructure and examines smart meter communication technologies suitable for the Indian context.
People are talking about the smart grid to television commercials on this topic, we have a plethora of activities around the world where engineers, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and businesses have shown a keen interest in various aspects of this technology. There are smart-grid-related funding opportunities, projects, seminars, conferences, and training programs going on in Europe, the United States, Japan, India and China to name a few. With all this hope and expectation about the smart grid, the question needs to be asked— what it will take to make it real. For the smart grid to be practical and beneficial to society, the following are some of the expectation from the civic society.
One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption, consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
a smart meter electronically measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central system.
this slide shows what is smart grid ,its comparison between the electromechanical grids . smart meters and devises for the smart grid . benefit of smart grid . and a conclution
IRJET- Automated Energy Metering SystemIRJET Journal
The document proposes an automated energy metering system to address issues with existing analog and digital energy metering. The system uses wireless sensors connected to each load to monitor power usage, which is sent to a controller and then to the customer and substation via wireless network. This allows customers to track daily usage on a mobile app to reduce waste, and helps identify power theft. It automates billing and payment through the app. By monitoring each appliance, it eliminates human errors in meter reading and reduces costs.
This document discusses the key aspects and benefits of smart grids. It summarizes that smart grids actively manage energy distribution networks in real-time by controlling demand and generation. This reduces reliance on carbon-based energy and shifts to low-carbon resources. Smart grids utilize two-way communication and control over distribution systems to optimize electricity supply and integrate renewable energy. Key benefits include reduced costs for utilities from improved operations and maintenance, lower peak demand, and empowered consumers who can better manage energy usage.
(a).What is smart grid technology?
(b).Role and necessity of smart grid technology
(c).Benefits and application of grid
(d).Various challenge of grid
(e).Best possible location
This document summarizes a research report on advancing energy management through smart metering systems from an operational perspective. The report discusses the limitations of traditional electricity meters and how smart meters can help overcome issues by providing consumers with more information on their energy usage. It outlines the objectives of the study, which include analyzing currently deployed smart metering systems, suggesting improvements, and studying consumer energy usage behaviors. The report also reviews the evolution of electricity meters and discusses the costs and benefits of smart metering systems for consumers and electricity suppliers.
IRJET- Smart and Efficient Load Control System using Dynamic TariffIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed smart and efficient load control system using dynamic tariff pricing. The system would use an IoT-based approach to control home appliances and industrial loads based on changing electricity rates and time periods. Sensors would monitor electricity consumption and tariff information from a virtual web server would be sent over an IoT cloud network to a microcontroller. The microcontroller would then control connected loads like LEDs and bulbs to encourage shifting usage to off-peak low-rate times. This could help reduce electricity bills for consumers and increase efficiency for electricity suppliers by leveling peak loads. The proposed system design and components are described, along with potential advantages like remote control and energy savings, and disadvantages
IRJET-A Novel Approach for Automatic Monitoring of Power Consumption using S...IRJET Journal
In Smart Grid, the smart meters are versatile role with intelligent capabilities in order to meet the consumer's demands and their each objective. Smart meter can measure and communicate detailed real time electricity usage, facilitate remote real time monitoring and control power consumptions and consumers are provided with real time pricing and analyzed usage information, which is a technical data to be transmitted to the grid, who are utility providers. More detailed feedback on each appliance to the user.This paper gives an overview of the security issues regarding power grids. It is targeted to use case scenarios, namely smart metering, and home gateway for applications like electric cars and home multimedia contents distribution over the power grid.
The document discusses the transformation from a traditional power grid to a smarter power grid, known as a smart grid. A smart grid uses two-way communication and digital technology to improve efficiency. It enables better integration of renewable energy sources and allows consumers to interact more with the grid. Key components of a smart grid include smart meters, phasor measurement units, distributed generation resources, and energy storage from electric vehicles. The benefits of a smart grid are improved efficiency, reliability, and use of renewable energy, while drawbacks include potential security and privacy issues from increased connectivity.
Advancement in Smart grid by Embedding a Last meter in a Internet of Things P...IRJET Journal
This document discusses embedding a smart meter into an Internet of Things platform to advance smart grids. It proposes an architecture that integrates smart grid applications with smart home applications. The architecture allows different wireless protocols to communicate between meters, users and the system. It also provides secure data access and simplifies interaction for non-technical users. Key benefits include integrating smart grids and smart homes on a single infrastructure, gathering data from various sensors securely, and providing a common interface for applications.
The document discusses how IoT can be used in smart energy and the oil and gas industry to improve efficiency and operations. It provides examples of how IoT sensors can be used for monitoring generation, transmission, distribution, consumption, assets, and pipelines. The benefits mentioned include operational efficiency, predictive maintenance, improved monitoring and control, reduced costs and risks, and integration of renewable energy. Case studies and startups working in this area are also highlighted.
Smart Grid technicalDraw neat diagram for equivalent circuit of transformer.pravingauda84
The document provides an overview of smart grids, including:
1) Smart grids use digital technology and communication to make the electric grid more efficient, reliable, and able to integrate renewable energy sources.
2) Key components of a smart grid include smart meters, sensors, communication networks, and data management systems to provide two-way communication between utilities and consumers.
3) Potential benefits of smart grids include reduced costs, fewer power outages, lower emissions, and giving consumers more control over their energy usage.
This document describes a smart energy meter that uses a GSM module to send electricity consumption data via SMS. The meter uses an AD7751 IC to measure real power consumption based on current and voltage inputs. An AVR microcontroller then processes this data and calculates energy used. It can send meter readings, billing information, and load details to the user's mobile phone upon request via a missed call to provide real-time monitoring. The smart meter allows for accurate and automated energy monitoring and billing compared to traditional meters.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid. It describes using a Zigbee wireless communication network with an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power consumption in a home and transmit that data to a utility server. The smart meter can measure voltage, current, power usage, set a monthly budget, and send billing information via SMS. It aims to automate meter reading and billing to reduce errors and labor costs compared to traditional meters. The document outlines the methodology, including using the microcontroller to transmit power usage data via Zigbee to a receiver unit and utility for monitoring and billing.
Report on smart metering& control of transmission systemDurgarao Gundu
This document provides an overview of smart metering and smart grid infrastructure. It discusses key components of a smart metering infrastructure including smart meters, communication systems, meter data management systems, and home area networks. Smart meters can record and store energy usage data at intervals, communicate bidirectionally, and support time-of-use pricing and demand response. Communication systems enable transmission of data from smart meters to utilities. Meter data management systems collect, store, analyze and utilize energy usage data. Home area networks allow customers to access their energy usage data and receive signals from utilities. The document also compares automatic meter reading and smart metering infrastructure and examines smart meter communication technologies suitable for the Indian context.
People are talking about the smart grid to television commercials on this topic, we have a plethora of activities around the world where engineers, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and businesses have shown a keen interest in various aspects of this technology. There are smart-grid-related funding opportunities, projects, seminars, conferences, and training programs going on in Europe, the United States, Japan, India and China to name a few. With all this hope and expectation about the smart grid, the question needs to be asked— what it will take to make it real. For the smart grid to be practical and beneficial to society, the following are some of the expectation from the civic society.
One promising means of reducing the transmission and distribution losses is through the distributed generation of electricity closer to the end user such as net metering schemes. And the other approach is managing customer consumption of electricity in response to supply conditions, for example, stimulating electricity customers to reduce their consumption at critical times or in response to market prices, thereby reducing the peak demand for electricity. In order to assist consumers to make informed decisions on how to manage and control their electricity consumption, consumers should have a system to monitor their real-time electricity consumption as well as a communication network with the service provider. But traditional electricity meters only record energy consumption progressively over time, normally in monthly basis and provide no information of when the energy was consumed. Therefore the necessity of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has been emerged to address the above matters. Nowadays most of the nations are looking to rollout into Smart Meters enabling faster automated communication of information to consumers on their real time electricity consumption, and to service providers.
a smart meter electronically measures how much energy is being used and how much it costs, and then communicates it to the energy supplier and the customer. Smart meters can also enable the provision of new services to consumers as it can record consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less, and also gather data for remote reporting using two-way communication between the meter and central system.
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MODERN SMART GRIDS AND LEVERAGING SMART METER DATA.pptx
1. MODERN SMART GRIDS AND
LEVERAGING SMART METER DATA TO
RECOGNISE APPLIANCES
Objectives
1. Study of smart grid, which has gained relevance in the past decade as a solution to a
myriad of issues.
2. To propose a scheme that leverages metering data by automatically analysing the
recorded consumption information which provides users with an appliance-specific
consumption breakdown.
2. Why Modernization is required?
Today’s Electrical grid suffers from a number of problems, that is:
1. Old(the average age of a power plant is 35 years)
2. Dirty(more than half of our electricity is generated from coal)
3. Inefficient (the delivered efficiency of electricity is only 35%)
Traditional Grid
3. What is Smart Grid?
Smart grid
A smart grid is an electricity network based on digital technology that
is used to supply electricity to consumers via two-way digital
communication. This system allows for monitoring, analysis, control
and communication within the supply chain to help improve
efficiency, reduce energy consumption and cost, and maximize the
transparency and reliability of the energy supply chain.
4. Key Features of Smart Grid
•Load Handling: The sum/total of the power grid load is not stable
and it varies over time. In case of heavy load, a smart grid system
can advise consumers to temporarily minimize energy consumption.
•Demand Response Support: Provides users with an automated way
to reduce their electricity bills by guiding them into using electronic
devices according to rates and power consumption.
•Decentralization of Power Generation: A distributed or decentralized
grid system allows the individual user to generate onsite power by
employing any appropriate method at his or her discretion.
6. Components of Smart Grid
Smart Meter
Recognises and details the electrical consumption.
Relays information to central monitoring station.
Power outage notification and power quality monitoring.
Controller
Measure AC current waveforms which help in power quality monitoring by smart meter.
Sends information to central control station for better management.
Zigbee
-Uses IEEE802.15.4
-Low energy
-Fast start up time
-Mesh topology connection
Used for two way information transfer
Distributed Generation
Allow the connection of small scale renewable generation - Solar, wind, fuel cells etc.
Generation close to loads, improving efficiency.
8. Merits and Demerits of Smart Grid
Merits
• The production, installation and work,
maintenance of smart grid and
components of the smart grid bring
new jobs to the people and hence it
works for the economic development.
• Reduces the cost of blackouts.
• Helps businesses to reduce their carbon
footprint.
• Helps measure and reduce energy
consumptions and cost.
Demerits
• Expensive for consumers.
• There is a small chance of meter getting
hacked
• Advanced sensors are required.
• Not simply a single component and
contains various technology
components whose maintenance can
be difficult.
9. Smart Grid Domains
NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model
There are still many challenges faced during the implementation of smart grids. To
develop solutions to these challenges NIST (The National Institute of Standards and
Technology) has defined several domains. The interactions between domains and these
domains themselves are said to be priority research areas to provide solutions.
10. Smart Grid Domains
Generation:
• Co-existence of various types of renewable and non-renewable generating technologies, such as coal,
hydro, nuclear, solar, biomass, geothermal, etc should be maintained.
• System operator has to coordinate the operation of the generation plants, and ensure the stable and
secure operation of the system
Transmission:
• Energy-efficient transmission network will carry the power from the bulk generation facilities to the
power distribution systems.
• The transmission network needs to be monitored in real-time, and protected against any potential
disturbance.
• The power flow and voltage on the lines need to be controlled in order to maintain stable and secure
operation of the system.
Distribution:
• Automated distribution will be the key enablers for smart distribution systems.
• Information exchange between the distribution system operator and the customers for better operation
of the distribution system should be feature of the smart distribution systems.
11. Customers:
• Customers can be classified into three main categories: residential, commercial, and industrial.
• Building of home automation system will monitor and control the power consumption at the consumer
premises in an intelligent way.
• Proper communication infrastructure will be required for the consumers to interact with the operators,
distribution systems, and the market.
Operations:
• Smart grid operations require communication interface with the bulk generating facilities, transmission
system, substation automation, distribution automation, consumers, and the market.
Markets:
• Smart grid power market needs to develop, keeping in mind all objectives of the smart grid with pricing
information made available for all time periods to keep customers informed of their consumption and
estimated cost.
Service Providers:
• Various service providers will emerge, as the smart grid business model matures.
• Communication interface with the operator, market, and consumers will be needed for the service
providers.
12. Leveraging Smart Meter data to recognise the appliances
Smart electricity meters record much more detailed consumption information than
classical electricity meters.
Smart meter can compute the amount of power usage by consumers and electrically
powered devices and store the historical power usage of the consumer.
Currently, the excessive use of electricity causes global environmental change, which is
a rise in global warming rates. The traditional meter that supplied by TNB does not
display the helpful information to the consumers which is the consumers just know the
monthly consumption. Therefore, a modelling of three phase energy meter is
proposed to solve this problem.
A simulation studied was conducted on three phase energy meters by using MATLAB /
Simulink Software to analyse the performance of the different types of loads.
15. The first graph shows the comparison of current of the resistances load between 100
ohms until 1000 ohms. The results show that as the resistances increase, the current
decrease. While in the next graph shows the active power for the R load when the
resistances increase, the active power decreased.
Graph in the fig shows that the power factor is unity which is equal to 1. This can be
said that the load used in this system modelling is purely resistive.
16. Result
Similarly, the waveforms for power for inductive and capacitive loads were simulated and it was
clear that there is a distinct variation in electrical data for different loads. With these data
available to smart meters, a scheme can be developed to recognise appliances based on their
characteristic load properties(i.e, incandescent appliances like kettle, light bulb being resistive,
motors like fans and heaters being inductive and devices containing electronic frequency
converters and needing charging points like laptops being capacitive). Whenever switching
ON/OFF of appliance takes place, significant and sudden real power change takes place. These
time points can be detected and difference in power characteristics can be compared with the
signature database of appliances and it can be used to identify the individual appliances.
However, a couple of challenges faced by this scheme are:
1. Oscillations caused by operating devices can mask the consumption of low power drawing
appliances in larger households with lots of appliances and activity and smaller appliances
might go undetected.
2. It is difficult to detect devices that do not have well-defined operation states and have a
continuously changing consumption.
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