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Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 1
Karen Lopez @datachick #HeartData
Heart of Data Modeling
The Key to Keys
Yes, Please do Tweet/Share
today’s event
@datachick #heartdata
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 2
Karen López
Karen has 20+ years of data and information architecture
experience on large, multi-project programs.
She is a frequent speaker on data modeling, data-driven
methodologies and pattern data models.
She wants you to love your data…
She is loves new tech and gadgets
Use Q&A
for
formal
questions
Get them in now!
Use chat
to discuss
with each
other
We have a great
community
Yes!
Slides
Recording
…next week…
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 3
So many terms
and jargon in
talking about
database stuff
Why this topic?
Modeling
Vocabulary
Database
Vocabulary
Vendor
Vocabulary
Slang &
Jargon
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 4
Karen Says: Keys 1. Keys are Key to
performance AND data
quality
2. Concepts can have many
ways to implement
3. Not all data modeling
vendors use the same
terms
4. Not all database vendors
use are the same
If only there
was a
profession that
specialized in
giving thing
standard names
Today’s focus
Entities and
Tables
Attributes
and Columns
Database objects that
implement or enforce key-
related stuff
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 5
One more thing…
Keys
(Identifiers)
play a role
that many
modelers &
designers
forget:
They form part of the semantics of our
models.
Primary keys are used in enforcing
constraints on data quality
Primary keys are not just about
performance.
Is all about the keys, ‘bout the keys, ‘bout the keys…
Depends on understanding the MEANING of the keys and
columns
Goes all to heck* when you have surrogate keys
Depends on the make up of the key parts (columns)
Normalization
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 6
3NF
Every fact is either part of a
key or depends upon the key,
the whole key, and nothing but
the key.
….so help you Codd
Michael J Swart
Types of Key Vocabularies
Terms used
conceptually
•Primary key
•Alternate key
•Composite key
•Super key
•Candidate key
•Surrogate key
•…
Terms used
physically
•Primary key
•Clustered key
•Encryption key
•Partitioning key
•Index
•Identity
•Sequence
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 7
Primary
Sequence
Alternate
Composite
Candidate
Identity
Numeric
Lookup
Cluttered
Clustered
Natural
Business
Logical
Encryption
Index
Duplicate
Foreign
13
Constraint
Partitioning
Super
Unique
Compound
Surrogate
GUID
At the beginning
Business
Key
Logical
Key
Natural
Key
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 8
Closer to design…
Super Key
Candidate
Key
Primary
Key
Alternate
Key
Foreign
Key
Primary key criteria
Applicable to all instances
(Mandatory)
Unique
Stable
Small
The first two are required by
the Relational Model.
3 and 4 required by good
practice. But they are not
required in data modeling.
Modelers should, however,
live in the real world most of
the time and observe them
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 9
More Terms
Cluttered
key
Composite
key
Compound
key
More Terms
Surrogate
Key
Identity Sequence GUID Custom
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 10
Identity/Identity Property
Issue: How people use them
255
32,767
9,223,372,036,854,775,807
2,147,483,647
IDENTITY [ (seed , increment) ]
What About SEQUENCEs?
CREATE SEQUENCE [schema_name . ] sequence_name
[ AS [ built_in_integer_type | user-defined_integer_type ] ]
[ START WITH <constant> ]
[ INCREMENT BY <constant> ]
[ { MINVALUE [ <constant> ] } | { NOMINVALUE } ]
[ { MAXVALUE
[ <constant> ] } | { NOMAXVALUE } ]
[ CYCLE | { NOCYCLE } ]
[ { CACHE [ <constant> ] } | { NO CACHE } ]
[ ; ]
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 11
More Terms
Numeric Integer
BIG
Integer
Small
number
More Terms
Clustered
Key
Partitioning
Key
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 12
More Terms
Index Constraint
Application
code
How easy is this?
“Just allocate a surrogate key for every table”
Job done.
And why do we need data modelers?
Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015
(c) InfoAdvisors 2015 13
Read Up
Ensure you
use correct
terms
Understand
how your
tools create
and
generate
keys
Learn about
the Outliers
Set the
standard
for correct
term use
What You Should Do:
Thank you, you were great.
Let’s do this next month!
Karen Lopez @datachick
#heartdata

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Modeling Webinar: The Key to Keys

  • 1. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 1 Karen Lopez @datachick #HeartData Heart of Data Modeling The Key to Keys Yes, Please do Tweet/Share today’s event @datachick #heartdata
  • 2. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 2 Karen López Karen has 20+ years of data and information architecture experience on large, multi-project programs. She is a frequent speaker on data modeling, data-driven methodologies and pattern data models. She wants you to love your data… She is loves new tech and gadgets Use Q&A for formal questions Get them in now! Use chat to discuss with each other We have a great community Yes! Slides Recording …next week…
  • 3. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 3 So many terms and jargon in talking about database stuff Why this topic? Modeling Vocabulary Database Vocabulary Vendor Vocabulary Slang & Jargon
  • 4. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 4 Karen Says: Keys 1. Keys are Key to performance AND data quality 2. Concepts can have many ways to implement 3. Not all data modeling vendors use the same terms 4. Not all database vendors use are the same If only there was a profession that specialized in giving thing standard names Today’s focus Entities and Tables Attributes and Columns Database objects that implement or enforce key- related stuff
  • 5. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 5 One more thing… Keys (Identifiers) play a role that many modelers & designers forget: They form part of the semantics of our models. Primary keys are used in enforcing constraints on data quality Primary keys are not just about performance. Is all about the keys, ‘bout the keys, ‘bout the keys… Depends on understanding the MEANING of the keys and columns Goes all to heck* when you have surrogate keys Depends on the make up of the key parts (columns) Normalization
  • 6. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 6 3NF Every fact is either part of a key or depends upon the key, the whole key, and nothing but the key. ….so help you Codd Michael J Swart Types of Key Vocabularies Terms used conceptually •Primary key •Alternate key •Composite key •Super key •Candidate key •Surrogate key •… Terms used physically •Primary key •Clustered key •Encryption key •Partitioning key •Index •Identity •Sequence
  • 7. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 7 Primary Sequence Alternate Composite Candidate Identity Numeric Lookup Cluttered Clustered Natural Business Logical Encryption Index Duplicate Foreign 13 Constraint Partitioning Super Unique Compound Surrogate GUID At the beginning Business Key Logical Key Natural Key
  • 8. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 8 Closer to design… Super Key Candidate Key Primary Key Alternate Key Foreign Key Primary key criteria Applicable to all instances (Mandatory) Unique Stable Small The first two are required by the Relational Model. 3 and 4 required by good practice. But they are not required in data modeling. Modelers should, however, live in the real world most of the time and observe them
  • 9. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 9 More Terms Cluttered key Composite key Compound key More Terms Surrogate Key Identity Sequence GUID Custom
  • 10. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 10 Identity/Identity Property Issue: How people use them 255 32,767 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 2,147,483,647 IDENTITY [ (seed , increment) ] What About SEQUENCEs? CREATE SEQUENCE [schema_name . ] sequence_name [ AS [ built_in_integer_type | user-defined_integer_type ] ] [ START WITH <constant> ] [ INCREMENT BY <constant> ] [ { MINVALUE [ <constant> ] } | { NOMINVALUE } ] [ { MAXVALUE [ <constant> ] } | { NOMAXVALUE } ] [ CYCLE | { NOCYCLE } ] [ { CACHE [ <constant> ] } | { NO CACHE } ] [ ; ]
  • 11. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 11 More Terms Numeric Integer BIG Integer Small number More Terms Clustered Key Partitioning Key
  • 12. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 12 More Terms Index Constraint Application code How easy is this? “Just allocate a surrogate key for every table” Job done. And why do we need data modelers?
  • 13. Karen Lopez @datachick 8/28/2015 (c) InfoAdvisors 2015 13 Read Up Ensure you use correct terms Understand how your tools create and generate keys Learn about the Outliers Set the standard for correct term use What You Should Do: Thank you, you were great. Let’s do this next month! Karen Lopez @datachick #heartdata
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