The document discusses e-waste, its sources, composition, and effects on human health and the environment. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment that is discarded after use and includes items like computers, phones, TVs, and appliances. It contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, which can cause health issues if e-waste is not properly disposed of. Large amounts of e-waste are dumped illegally instead of being recycled, polluting the environment. Proper e-waste disposal is needed to recover valuable materials and prevent environmental contamination and health impacts from its toxic components.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
The document discusses e-waste, its sources, composition and effects. It defines e-waste as electrical and electronic equipment that is discarded after use. Sources include large and small household appliances, IT equipment, medical devices, etc. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and chemicals that can cause health issues if not properly disposed. The document outlines the need for e-waste management and discusses techniques like waste minimization, sustainable product design, and recycling to reduce environmental pollution from e-waste.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document discusses the emerging health threats posed by electronic waste (e-waste). It begins by defining e-waste and noting that it makes up 2.7-3% of total waste but contains many toxic and hazardous elements. The main constituents of e-waste are discussed, including heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause health effects when exposed. India's annual e-waste generation is estimated at 400,000 tons and is growing rapidly. While formal recycling systems exist, most e-waste in developing countries is handled by the informal sector without proper health and safety practices, exposing workers and local communities to the toxic materials. Proper regulations and disposal facilities are needed to address this important environmental and public
E-waste or electronic waste refers to discarded electrical and electronic devices that have reached the end of their useful life. It contains toxic substances like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can pollute the environment and harm human health if not disposed of properly. Some of the metals in e-waste can be recovered and reused. Common examples include old computers, phones, TVs, and household appliances. The growing amounts of e-waste are challenging to manage due to the waste being complex, heavy, and toxic. Improper disposal of e-waste can lead to soil, water, and air pollution and negative health effects in humans. Key methods for managing e-waste include recycling to recover materials, landfilling, and inc
This is my first research paper publication at international journal of advance researches. tittled "Environment and Health Issues Associated with E-wastage"
E waste, health & enviroment-may2019MEWM Egypt
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of e-waste. It begins by introducing different types of pollution like indoor and outdoor air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and food contamination. It then focuses on the health hazards caused by improper e-waste disposal, like reproductive, developmental and respiratory issues. Next, it discusses the environmental impact of e-waste recycling in developing countries, releasing heavy metals into soil, water and air. Finally, it outlines the human health effects on residents living near sites, children, and e-waste workers through occupational exposures.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The document provides an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices, and notes that e-waste contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can contaminate the environment if not properly disposed of. The document categorizes e-waste and details India's e-waste generation rates, noting that Maharashtra and Delhi are the top producers. It also discusses the health and environmental hazards of materials found in e-waste like arsenic, cadmium, and mercury.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
The document discusses e-waste, its sources, composition and effects. It defines e-waste as electrical and electronic equipment that is discarded after use. Sources include large and small household appliances, IT equipment, medical devices, etc. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium and chemicals that can cause health issues if not properly disposed. The document outlines the need for e-waste management and discusses techniques like waste minimization, sustainable product design, and recycling to reduce environmental pollution from e-waste.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document discusses the emerging health threats posed by electronic waste (e-waste). It begins by defining e-waste and noting that it makes up 2.7-3% of total waste but contains many toxic and hazardous elements. The main constituents of e-waste are discussed, including heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause health effects when exposed. India's annual e-waste generation is estimated at 400,000 tons and is growing rapidly. While formal recycling systems exist, most e-waste in developing countries is handled by the informal sector without proper health and safety practices, exposing workers and local communities to the toxic materials. Proper regulations and disposal facilities are needed to address this important environmental and public
E-waste or electronic waste refers to discarded electrical and electronic devices that have reached the end of their useful life. It contains toxic substances like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can pollute the environment and harm human health if not disposed of properly. Some of the metals in e-waste can be recovered and reused. Common examples include old computers, phones, TVs, and household appliances. The growing amounts of e-waste are challenging to manage due to the waste being complex, heavy, and toxic. Improper disposal of e-waste can lead to soil, water, and air pollution and negative health effects in humans. Key methods for managing e-waste include recycling to recover materials, landfilling, and inc
This is my first research paper publication at international journal of advance researches. tittled "Environment and Health Issues Associated with E-wastage"
E waste, health & enviroment-may2019MEWM Egypt
The document discusses the environmental and health impacts of e-waste. It begins by introducing different types of pollution like indoor and outdoor air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and food contamination. It then focuses on the health hazards caused by improper e-waste disposal, like reproductive, developmental and respiratory issues. Next, it discusses the environmental impact of e-waste recycling in developing countries, releasing heavy metals into soil, water and air. Finally, it outlines the human health effects on residents living near sites, children, and e-waste workers through occupational exposures.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
The document provides an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices, and notes that e-waste contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can contaminate the environment if not properly disposed of. The document categorizes e-waste and details India's e-waste generation rates, noting that Maharashtra and Delhi are the top producers. It also discusses the health and environmental hazards of materials found in e-waste like arsenic, cadmium, and mercury.
This document provides an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices, and notes that India generates about 1.7 million tonnes of e-waste annually, making it the fifth largest producer globally. The document categorizes e-waste and outlines its composition. It discusses the environmental and health hazards of improperly disposed e-waste, such as the leaching of heavy metals into soil and water. The document emphasizes the need for proper e-waste recycling given the large gap between e-waste generation and recycling in India. It provides an overview of the e-waste management process and lists some major e-waste management companies in India.
This document provides an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices, and notes that India generates about 1.7 million tonnes of e-waste annually, making it the fifth largest producer globally. The document categorizes e-waste and outlines its composition. It discusses the environmental and health hazards of improperly disposed e-waste, such as the leaching of heavy metals into soil and water. The document emphasizes the need for proper e-waste recycling given the large gap between e-waste generation and recycling in India. It provides an overview of India's e-waste management process and some of the top e-waste management companies in the country.
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
This document presents information on electronic waste (e-waste) management. It discusses what e-waste is, categories of e-waste, toxic components, dangers of e-waste, international initiatives for e-waste management, and the recycling scenario in India. The informal recycling of e-waste in India is highlighted as a concern due to occupational and environmental hazards. Benefits of formal e-waste recycling include metal recovery, conservation of resources, and reduction of pollution.
Excessive Increment in E-Waste System and its Prohibition through Green Compu...Editor IJCATR
In the current scenario, the information and communication technology have made drastic changes in our daily routine like
industries, institution and almost in each field. In today’s world there is a large amount of usage of electronic equipments which are
giving rise to many problems. The energy consumption from such devices also leading to various global warming issues. At the
same time they are leading to many problems like problems of massive amount 0of hazardous waste and other wastes which are
generated from electronic equipment
Therefore here we will discuss about various consequences of e-waste , their effects and management of these toxic ad dangerous wastes
so as to make the process energy efficient and environment friendly
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and e-waste pollution. It defines each type of pollution, discusses their causes and effects, and provides suggestions for prevention. Specifically, it covers air pollution from burning fossil fuels and its health impacts. For water pollution, it lists causes like industrial and agricultural waste and effects like diseases. Prevention methods emphasized are proper waste management and reducing chemical usage. The document also analyzes a case study on rising air pollution levels in New Delhi and steps taken to curb it.
A Comprehensive Study On E Waste Management: Present Situation And Future Imp...Mosfiqur Rahman
This document provides an overview of e-waste management in Bangladesh. It discusses the environmental and health hazards posed by e-waste, such as the release of heavy metals into the air, water and soil. Currently, informal and unsafe recycling practices are common in Bangladesh. The document then outlines international initiatives and policies for e-waste management, as well as strategies for reducing e-waste such as inventory management, product redesign, and recovery/reuse programs. It notes challenges in Bangladesh include a lack of awareness and proper regulations. Overall, the document analyzes the current situation of e-waste in Bangladesh and potential solutions to improve management and reduce environmental contamination.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams due to rapid technological innovation and replacement of outdated electronics. E-waste contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, mercury, which can harm human health and the environment if not properly managed. The document outlines the sources and composition of e-waste. It discusses the hazards of improper e-waste disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. The document then describes some e-waste recycling processes and calls for extended producer responsibility and improved legislation to promote sustainable e-waste management.
The document discusses e-pollution from electronic waste. It notes that improperly disposed electronic material can be considered e-waste, which is a source of toxic heavy metals like mercury, lead, and beryllium that can damage human cells and organs. Examples of e-waste include computers, mobile phones, and household appliances. The document also outlines responsibilities for e-waste management in industries and individuals, and calls for reducing e-waste at the source through practices like inventory control and choosing electronics without hazardous components.
Soil pollution occurs through various sources including industrial waste, urban waste, agricultural practices, radioactive pollutants, and biological agents. Industrial waste is a major cause of soil pollution due to pollutants from industries like mills, factories, and mines. Urban waste, including garbage and sewage, also pollutes soil. Agricultural chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides introduced in large quantities can pollute soils over time. Radioactive fallout from nuclear activities introduces radioactive materials into soils. Biological agents from human, animal, and bird excreta can spread infectious diseases in soil. Polluted soil can then negatively impact human health through contaminated food and water supplies.
E-Waste or Electronic Waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal.
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) in Nigeria. E-waste is increasing rapidly due to the short lifecycles of electronics and dumping by developed countries. Nigeria generates large quantities of e-waste but lacks proper management systems, resulting in health and environmental issues. Common recycling practices like open burning release toxic chemicals. The study aims to assess e-waste management in Ikeja Computer Village, Nigeria to understand available waste, disposal methods, stakeholders, and improvements needed.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impacts. It notes that e-waste is growing rapidly worldwide due to the electronics industry. E-waste contains toxic materials that can harm human health and the environment if not properly handled. The document outlines the composition of e-waste, sources of e-waste generation in India and globally, and the environmental and health hazards posed by e-waste, particularly from toxic materials like lead, mercury, and dioxins/furans released during improper recycling and disposal.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is defined as electronic products that are discarded at the end of their useful lives. The rapid growth of technology and consumerism results in large amounts of e-waste being generated every minute. In 2016, 44.7 million tonnes of e-waste was generated worldwide, equivalent to 4,500 Eiffel Towers. If not recycled properly, e-waste can release toxic and hazardous materials into the environment through improper recycling methods, negatively impacting human health and the environment. The document discusses legislation around e-waste in the EU and issues around international e-waste trade and recycling.
This is a literature review in a presentation format which revolves around electronic waste. It discusses the importance of recycling the waste and economic, political, medical, and ecological implications of ignoring the accumulation of said waste. Additionally, it talks about what is being done to counter e-waste and brings up a possible method to extract precious metals from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs).
E-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices that contain toxic contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants. An estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year, but only 15-20% is recycled while the rest goes to landfills and incinerators. The disposal and dismantling of e-waste leads to environmental impacts like heavy metal contamination of water, soil, crops and animals from liquid and air releases. While recycling can reclaim valuable materials, reuse through retro computing or reselling used devices can extend product lifespans and delay eventual recycling.
E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers and appliances. India generates about 9 lakh tonnes of e-waste annually, which is often handled improperly. Exposure to e-waste can cause health issues since it contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, cadmium. Current disposal methods in India like acid baths are unsafe. Proper recycling and enforcement of e-waste laws is needed to protect both workers and the environment from e-waste.
Electronic Waste Management - Challenges and SolutionsRudradityo Saha
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management challenges and solutions. It covers the growing problem of e-waste, effects on the environment and human health, legislation around e-waste, and approaches to managing e-waste in a more sustainable way, including sustainable product design, waste minimization techniques, environmentally-safe disposal like recycling, and recovery and reuse of materials from e-waste.
This document summarizes the principles and components of lithium-ion batteries. It discusses that lithium-ion batteries generate electrical energy through redox reactions that shuttle lithium ions between a graphite anode and transition metal oxide cathode. Key components include the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separators. During charging, lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode. During discharging, lithium ions move back from the anode to the cathode. Advantages of lithium-ion batteries include their high energy density, low weight, and ability to produce high voltages. Applications include use in electronics, electric vehicles, and power tools.
This document provides an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices, and notes that India generates about 1.7 million tonnes of e-waste annually, making it the fifth largest producer globally. The document categorizes e-waste and outlines its composition. It discusses the environmental and health hazards of improperly disposed e-waste, such as the leaching of heavy metals into soil and water. The document emphasizes the need for proper e-waste recycling given the large gap between e-waste generation and recycling in India. It provides an overview of the e-waste management process and lists some major e-waste management companies in India.
This document provides an overview of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India. It defines e-waste as discarded electrical or electronic devices, and notes that India generates about 1.7 million tonnes of e-waste annually, making it the fifth largest producer globally. The document categorizes e-waste and outlines its composition. It discusses the environmental and health hazards of improperly disposed e-waste, such as the leaching of heavy metals into soil and water. The document emphasizes the need for proper e-waste recycling given the large gap between e-waste generation and recycling in India. It provides an overview of India's e-waste management process and some of the top e-waste management companies in the country.
E-waste refers to obsolete, broken, or discarded electrical or electronic devices. The document discusses the sources, composition, impacts, and proper disposal of e-waste. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and contains hazardous materials like lead, mercury, and cadmium. Improper disposal of e-waste through landfilling or incineration can pollute the environment and harm human health. Recycling e-waste helps reduce these impacts and recover valuable materials. Individual actions like recycling old electronics can help address the growing problem of e-waste.
This document presents information on electronic waste (e-waste) management. It discusses what e-waste is, categories of e-waste, toxic components, dangers of e-waste, international initiatives for e-waste management, and the recycling scenario in India. The informal recycling of e-waste in India is highlighted as a concern due to occupational and environmental hazards. Benefits of formal e-waste recycling include metal recovery, conservation of resources, and reduction of pollution.
Excessive Increment in E-Waste System and its Prohibition through Green Compu...Editor IJCATR
In the current scenario, the information and communication technology have made drastic changes in our daily routine like
industries, institution and almost in each field. In today’s world there is a large amount of usage of electronic equipments which are
giving rise to many problems. The energy consumption from such devices also leading to various global warming issues. At the
same time they are leading to many problems like problems of massive amount 0of hazardous waste and other wastes which are
generated from electronic equipment
Therefore here we will discuss about various consequences of e-waste , their effects and management of these toxic ad dangerous wastes
so as to make the process energy efficient and environment friendly
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and e-waste pollution. It defines each type of pollution, discusses their causes and effects, and provides suggestions for prevention. Specifically, it covers air pollution from burning fossil fuels and its health impacts. For water pollution, it lists causes like industrial and agricultural waste and effects like diseases. Prevention methods emphasized are proper waste management and reducing chemical usage. The document also analyzes a case study on rising air pollution levels in New Delhi and steps taken to curb it.
A Comprehensive Study On E Waste Management: Present Situation And Future Imp...Mosfiqur Rahman
This document provides an overview of e-waste management in Bangladesh. It discusses the environmental and health hazards posed by e-waste, such as the release of heavy metals into the air, water and soil. Currently, informal and unsafe recycling practices are common in Bangladesh. The document then outlines international initiatives and policies for e-waste management, as well as strategies for reducing e-waste such as inventory management, product redesign, and recovery/reuse programs. It notes challenges in Bangladesh include a lack of awareness and proper regulations. Overall, the document analyzes the current situation of e-waste in Bangladesh and potential solutions to improve management and reduce environmental contamination.
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams due to rapid technological innovation and replacement of outdated electronics. E-waste contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, mercury, which can harm human health and the environment if not properly managed. The document outlines the sources and composition of e-waste. It discusses the hazards of improper e-waste disposal methods like landfilling and incineration. The document then describes some e-waste recycling processes and calls for extended producer responsibility and improved legislation to promote sustainable e-waste management.
The document discusses e-pollution from electronic waste. It notes that improperly disposed electronic material can be considered e-waste, which is a source of toxic heavy metals like mercury, lead, and beryllium that can damage human cells and organs. Examples of e-waste include computers, mobile phones, and household appliances. The document also outlines responsibilities for e-waste management in industries and individuals, and calls for reducing e-waste at the source through practices like inventory control and choosing electronics without hazardous components.
Soil pollution occurs through various sources including industrial waste, urban waste, agricultural practices, radioactive pollutants, and biological agents. Industrial waste is a major cause of soil pollution due to pollutants from industries like mills, factories, and mines. Urban waste, including garbage and sewage, also pollutes soil. Agricultural chemicals like fertilizers and pesticides introduced in large quantities can pollute soils over time. Radioactive fallout from nuclear activities introduces radioactive materials into soils. Biological agents from human, animal, and bird excreta can spread infectious diseases in soil. Polluted soil can then negatively impact human health through contaminated food and water supplies.
E-Waste or Electronic Waste may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets and refrigerators. This definition includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal.
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) in Nigeria. E-waste is increasing rapidly due to the short lifecycles of electronics and dumping by developed countries. Nigeria generates large quantities of e-waste but lacks proper management systems, resulting in health and environmental issues. Common recycling practices like open burning release toxic chemicals. The study aims to assess e-waste management in Ikeja Computer Village, Nigeria to understand available waste, disposal methods, stakeholders, and improvements needed.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impacts. It notes that e-waste is growing rapidly worldwide due to the electronics industry. E-waste contains toxic materials that can harm human health and the environment if not properly handled. The document outlines the composition of e-waste, sources of e-waste generation in India and globally, and the environmental and health hazards posed by e-waste, particularly from toxic materials like lead, mercury, and dioxins/furans released during improper recycling and disposal.
Electronic waste (e-waste) is defined as electronic products that are discarded at the end of their useful lives. The rapid growth of technology and consumerism results in large amounts of e-waste being generated every minute. In 2016, 44.7 million tonnes of e-waste was generated worldwide, equivalent to 4,500 Eiffel Towers. If not recycled properly, e-waste can release toxic and hazardous materials into the environment through improper recycling methods, negatively impacting human health and the environment. The document discusses legislation around e-waste in the EU and issues around international e-waste trade and recycling.
This is a literature review in a presentation format which revolves around electronic waste. It discusses the importance of recycling the waste and economic, political, medical, and ecological implications of ignoring the accumulation of said waste. Additionally, it talks about what is being done to counter e-waste and brings up a possible method to extract precious metals from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs).
E-waste describes discarded electrical or electronic devices that contain toxic contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants. An estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year, but only 15-20% is recycled while the rest goes to landfills and incinerators. The disposal and dismantling of e-waste leads to environmental impacts like heavy metal contamination of water, soil, crops and animals from liquid and air releases. While recycling can reclaim valuable materials, reuse through retro computing or reselling used devices can extend product lifespans and delay eventual recycling.
E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers and appliances. India generates about 9 lakh tonnes of e-waste annually, which is often handled improperly. Exposure to e-waste can cause health issues since it contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, cadmium. Current disposal methods in India like acid baths are unsafe. Proper recycling and enforcement of e-waste laws is needed to protect both workers and the environment from e-waste.
Electronic Waste Management - Challenges and SolutionsRudradityo Saha
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management challenges and solutions. It covers the growing problem of e-waste, effects on the environment and human health, legislation around e-waste, and approaches to managing e-waste in a more sustainable way, including sustainable product design, waste minimization techniques, environmentally-safe disposal like recycling, and recovery and reuse of materials from e-waste.
This document summarizes the principles and components of lithium-ion batteries. It discusses that lithium-ion batteries generate electrical energy through redox reactions that shuttle lithium ions between a graphite anode and transition metal oxide cathode. Key components include the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separators. During charging, lithium ions move from the cathode to the anode. During discharging, lithium ions move back from the anode to the cathode. Advantages of lithium-ion batteries include their high energy density, low weight, and ability to produce high voltages. Applications include use in electronics, electric vehicles, and power tools.
22CYL22 & Chemistry Laboratory for Mechanical Systems(Mech - DO).pptkowshalya21
Determination of Dissolved oxygen in the given Wastewater Sample. You are provided with a standard solution of 0.01N potassium dichromate and an approximate soultion of sodium thiosulphate.
22CYL11 & Chemistry Laboratory for Electrical Systems (EIE-Alkalinity).pptkowshalya21
This document provides instructions for estimating the alkalinity of river and borewell water samples. It defines alkalinity as the ability of water to neutralize acids and lists the main ions responsible. The procedure involves titrating water samples against a standardized hydrochloric acid solution using phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators to determine the concentrations of hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate ions present. The end points of each indicator are noted and alkalinity values calculated based on the titration volumes and a reference table provided. The type and amounts of alkalinity ions determined for each water sample are to be reported as the results.
The document discusses India's Bharat Stage (BS) emission standards, which regulate air pollutants from vehicle exhaust. It outlines the key BS standards - BS-I to BS-VI - implemented from 2000 to 2020 to progressively reduce emissions. The highest standard is currently BS-VI, rolled out nationwide in April 2020, which requires particulate filters and limits sulfur content to less than 10 ppm, making vehicles much cleaner. The BS standards are based on Euro emission norms and aim to reduce harmful gases like sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.
1. Cosmetics are products used to cleanse, beautify, and alter appearances without affecting structure or function. Their use dates back to ancient civilizations for purposes like protection from elements and indications of class.
2. Modern cosmetics mainly aim to enhance attractiveness, improve self-esteem, and prevent aging. They are classified into categories like skin, hair, and oral care products.
3. Surfactants are key ingredients in cleansing products that work by lowering surface tension to remove oils, dirt, and bacteria from the skin and hair through mechanisms like roll-up, emulsification, penetration, and solubilization. Their ability to form micelles above a critical concentration concentration promotes foam
During this webinar, leading experts present the benefits of including setting sector-specific targets in countries’ next generation NDCs and layout specific examples for how to approach targets for key sectors like energy, transport, buildings, food, agriculture and land use. These sectors collectively emit about 90% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.
GFW Office Hours: How to Use Planet Imagery on Global Forest Watch_June 11, 2024Global Forest Watch
Earlier this year, we hosted a webinar on Deforestation Exposed: Using High Resolution Satellite Imagery to Investigate Forest Clearing.
If you missed this webinar or have any questions about Norway’s International Climate & Forests Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program and Planet’s high-resolution mosaics, please join our expert-led office hours for an overview of how to use Planet’s satellite imagery on GFW, including how to access and analyze the data.
Exploring low emissions development opportunities in food systemsCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Christopher Martius (CIFOR-ICRAF) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
Morgan Freeman Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Legendary Actor’s W...greendigital
Morgan Freeman, One of Hollywood's most recognizable and revered actors. Has enjoyed a prolific career spanning several decades. Known for his distinctive voice, commanding presence, and versatile acting skills. Freeman has left an indelible mark on the entertainment industry. But, Freeman's financial success is a topic of great interest beyond his artistic achievements. This article delves into the intricacies of Morgan Freeman net worth. Exploring the various avenues through which he has amassed his fortune.
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Introduction to Morgan Freeman Net Worth
Morgan Freeman net worth is a testament to his enduring career and diverse portfolio of income streams. As of 2024, Freeman's estimated net worth is a staggering $250 million. This impressive figure reflects his earnings from acting and his ventures in directing, producing, and other business endeavors. Understanding the factors contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth provides a window into the financial success of one of Hollywood's most esteemed figures.
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Childhood and Early Influences
Morgan Freeman was born on June 1, 1937, in Memphis, Tennessee. Raised in a modest household, Freeman's early life marked by economic challenges. Despite these hardships, Freeman was passionate about acting from a young age. His early exposure to the arts and innate talent set the stage for his future career.
Initial Struggles and Breakthroughs
Freeman's path to stardom was with obstacles. He spent several years honing his craft in theater, television, and minor film roles. His big break came with the 1987 film Street Smart. where his performance earned him critical acclaim and an Academy Award nomination. This role marked a turning point. paving the way for future opportunities and contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth.
Rise to Stardom and Major Film Roles
Breakthrough Performances
Freeman's career trajectory took a decisive turn with standout performances in films such as Driving Miss Daisy (1989), Glory (1989), and The Shawshank Redemption (1994). These roles showcased his acting prowess and solidified his status as a leading man in Hollywood. Each film was a commercial success, contributing to Morgan Freeman net worth.
Consistent Box Office Hits
The 1990s and 2000s were particularly fruitful for Freeman. He appeared in a series of successful films, including Seven (1995), Deep Impact (1998), Bruce Almighty (2003). and The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005-2012). His delivering stellar performances in high-grossing films have influenced Morgan Freeman net worth accumulation.
Diversification of Income Sources
Voice Acting and Narration
Freeman's distinctive voice has become one of his most recognizable attributes. He has lent his voice to many documentaries, commercials, and animated films. His work as a narrator, in March of the Penguins (2005) and Through the Wormhole (2010-2017). has acclaimed and rewarding. These projects have boosted Morgan Freem
Morgan Freeman Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Legendary Actor’s W...
E Waste Management.pptx
1. E-Waste and its Management
Part - I
V N Kowshalya
Assistant professor (Sr.G)
Department of Chemistry
Kongu Engineering College
Perundurai
2. Waste
Waste is an outcome of product or a substance that is no
longer suited for its intended use.
Hazardous and non hazardous waste.
Non-Hazardous waste is any waste that does not cause
harm to people or the environment, and regulations for
disposal of non-hazardous waste are less strict.
Hazardous Waste - Threat to human health and the
environment if it is not handled properly.
Industrial, biomedical waste, Electronic & electrical
equipment are the examples
Highly required to be disposed off as per national laws.
30-Jul-23
3. E - Waste
Any form of electrical and electronic
material or body discarded after its usage or
expiry.
E-Waste comprises of a broad and growing
range of electronic devices, ranging from
large household devices such as
refrigerators, air conditioners, cell phones,
personal stereos, and consumer electronics
to computers, printers which have been
discarded by their users.
With the presence of deadly chemicals and
toxic substances in the electronic gadgets,
disposal of E-Waste is becoming an
environmental and health nightmare.
Globally only 15 – 20 percent of E-Waste is
recycled while the rest is dumped into
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5. Categories of E-waste
Large equipment such as washing
machines, clothes dryers, dish washing
machines, electric stoves, large printing
machines, copying equipment and
photovoltaic panels.
Small equipment comprises of vacuum
cleaners, microwaves, ventilation
equipment, toasters, electric kettles and
electric shavers.
Small IT and telecommunication
equipment. For example, mobile phones,
GPS, pocket calculators and routers etc.
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6. Constituents of E-Waste
36% Ferrous metals ie) Iron and Steel
19% Non-ferrous metals, like Cu, Al and
precious metals like Ag, Au, Pt, Pd etc.,
23% Plastic
15% Glass
7% Others (rubber, wood, ceramic etc)
Also contain toxic elements like americium-241,
Pb, Hg, Ar, Cd, Se and Cr etc.,
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8. Effects of E-waste on the environment
and human health
S.
No
.
E-Waste
component
Occurrence in electric
appliances
Adverse health and environmental
effects
1 Americium
241
Smoke detectors and some
medical equipment
Carcinogenic leads to cancer and radiactive in nature
2 Pb Lead-acid and Li batteries CRT
monitor glass, solar, transistors,
lasers, LEDs and circuit boards
• Impaired cognitive function,
behavioral disturbances, attention, hyperactivity and
lower IQ.
•Neurotoxin that affects the kidneys and the
reproductive system.
• It leads to water and soil pollution.
3. Hg Found in fluorescent tubes,
tilt switches, CCFLs backlights,
Components in copper
machines, batteries in clocks
and
pocket calculators, LCDs
It causes dermatitis, sensory impairment and muscle
weakness.
•Affects the central nervous system (memory loss),
kidneys and immune system. It impairs foetus growth
and harms infants through mother’s milk.
• Environmental effects in animals include death,
reduced fertility, and slower growth and development
9. S.
No.
E-
Waste
compo
nent
Occurrence in electric
appliances
Adverse health and environmental
effects
4 Cd NICAD batteries, light sensitive
resistors, pigments, solder, alloys,
circuit boards,
computer batteries, monitor
cathode ray tubes
(CRTs)
carcinogen, Long-term exposure causes Itai-itai
disease, which causes severe pain in the joints and
spine.
•It affects the kidneys and softens bones
•Severe damage to the lungs and kidney.
• Deficits in cognition, learning behaviour skills in
children.
• Pollute water and soil.
5 Cr(VI) common element in
electronics due to its ability to
prevent corrosion and the
increased conductivity of
electrical impulse,
Dyes/pigments, switches, solar.
• Carcinogenic leads to cancer
can damage liver and
kidneys and cause bronchial maladies including
asthmatic bronchitis
Inhaling hexavalent chromium - lung cancer.
6 S Found in lead-acid batteries • It causes health effects that include liver damage,
kidney damage, heart damage, eye and throat irritation.
• Acidic nature is created in the environment due to the
formation of sulphuric acid through sulphur dioxide.
10. S.
No.
E-Waste
component
Occurrence in electric
appliances
Adverse health and environmental
effects
7 Brominated
Flame
Retardants
Flame retardants in
plastics in most electronics (Casing,
circuit boards
(plastic), cables, PVC cables)
(releases toxic emissions
including Dioxins)
Impaired development of the nervous
system, thyroid problems, severe hormonal
disorders, liver problems are some health effects
due to prolonged exposure.
8 Perfluoroocta
noic acid
• Used as an antistatic additive in
industrial applications.
• Found in electronics and in non-
stick cookware (PTFE)
appliances.
• Environmental degradation results
in the formation of PFOA.
• Immune toxicity, hormonal effects and
carcinogenic effects have been found
out from studies in mice.
• It leads to increased maternal PFOA
levels which are associated with an
increased risk of spontaneous abortion
(miscarriage) and stillbirth.
9 Beryllium
oxide
• Filler used in materials such
as thermal grease used on
heat sinks for CPUs and
power transistors, X-ray transparent
ceramic windows,
heat transfer fins in vacuum
tubes and gas lasers.
Occupational exposures lead to lung
Cancer, Chronic Beryllium Disease (beryllicosis),
a disease which primarily affects the lungs.
Exposure to beryllium also causes a form of skin
disease that is characterized by poor wound
healing and wart-like bumps
11. S.
No.
E-Waste
component
Occurrence in electric
appliances
Adverse health and environmental
effects
10 Arsenic Semiconductors, diodes,
microwaves, LEDs (Lightemitting
diodes), solar cells
Chronic exposure to arsenic can lead to
various diseases of the skin and decrease
nerve conduction velocity. Chronic exposure to
arsenic can also cause lung cancer and can
often be fatal
11 Barium Electron tubes, filler for
plastic and rubber, lubricant
additives
Short-term exposure to barium could lead to
brain swelling, muscle weakness, damage to
the heart, liver and spleen.
Animal studies reveal increased blood
pressure and changes in the heart from
ingesting barium over a long period of time
12 Copper Conducted in cables, copper
ribbons, coils,
circuitry, pigments
Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Liver Damage,
Kidney Damage, Death
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12. Need for E-waste Disposal
E Waste has been identified as the fastest growing waste stream in the world :
forecast to soon reach 40 million tons a year.
The volume of e-waste is rising about three times faster than any other forms of
municipal waste.
Contains over 1000 different substances including toxic heavy metals and organics
which can pose serious environmental pollution problem upon irresponsible
disposal.
Includes deadly chemical and metal such as lead, cadmium, brominated flame
retardants, phthalates etc.
Long term exposure to these substances damages the nervous system, kidney,
bones, reproductive and endocrine systems. (Carcinogenic and neurotoxic)
Pollutes water, air and soil quality.
Can be overland mine for specific metals.
Many valuable substances are also found in e-waste along with hazardous
13. This helps in the conservation of earth’s resources
By recycling e-waste, we can identify the non-hazardous materials that can be
reused in many applications
30-Jul-23
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