Welcome to my SlideShare presentation on the design of isolated foundations. This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the principles, methodologies, and practical considerations involved in designing isolated foundations for various types of structures.
The document describes the design of a stepped footing to support a column with an unfactored load of 800 kN. A square footing with dimensions of 2.1m x 2.1m is designed with two 300mm steps. Reinforcement of #12 bars at 150mm c/c is provided. Checks are performed for bending moment, one-way shear, two-way shear, and development length which all meet code requirements. Therefore, the stepped footing design is adequate to support the given column load.
Design of concrete structures governs the performance of concrete structures.
Well designed and detailed concrete structure will show less deterioration in comparison with poorly designed and detailed concrete, in the similar condition.
The beam-column joints are particularly prone to defective concrete, if detailing and placing of reinforcement is not done properly.
Inadequate concrete cover may lead to carbonation depth reaching up to the reinforcement, thus, increasing the risk of corrosion of the reinforcement.
1. The document discusses the design of one-way reinforced concrete slabs according to Indian code IS 456:2000.
2. It defines one-way slabs as edge supported slabs spanning in one direction with a ratio of long to short span greater than or equal to 2.
3. The main considerations for slab design discussed are effective span, deflection control, reinforcement requirements including minimum area, maximum bar diameter and cover, and load calculations.
The document provides details on the design procedure for beams. It discusses estimating loads, analyzing beams to determine shear forces and bending moments, and designing beams. The design process involves selecting the beam size and shape, calculating the effective span, determining critical moments and shears, selecting reinforcement, and checking requirements such as shear capacity, deflection limits, and development lengths. An example problem demonstrates designing a singly reinforced concrete beam with a span of 5 meters to support a working live load of 25 kN/m.
This document summarizes design considerations for shear in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses shear strength provided by concrete alone (Vc), shear strength provided by shear reinforcement (Vs), and methods for calculating total shear strength (Vn). It also covers requirements for shear reinforcement spacing and minimum amounts. Design aids are presented for calculating shear capacity of beams, slabs, and members under combined shear and torsion.
The document provides details on the design of a reinforced concrete column footing to support a column load of 1100kN from a 400mm square column. It describes the design process which includes determining the footing size, calculating bending moment, reinforcement requirements, checking shear capacity and development length. The design example shows a 3.5m x 3.5m square footing with 12mm diameter bars at 100mm c/c is adequate to support the given load based on the specified material properties and design codes. Reinforcement and footing details are also provided.
The document describes the design of a stepped footing to support a column with an unfactored load of 800 kN. A square footing with dimensions of 2.1m x 2.1m is designed with two 300mm steps. Reinforcement of #12 bars at 150mm c/c is provided. Checks are performed for bending moment, one-way shear, two-way shear, and development length which all meet code requirements. Therefore, the stepped footing design is adequate to support the given column load.
Design of concrete structures governs the performance of concrete structures.
Well designed and detailed concrete structure will show less deterioration in comparison with poorly designed and detailed concrete, in the similar condition.
The beam-column joints are particularly prone to defective concrete, if detailing and placing of reinforcement is not done properly.
Inadequate concrete cover may lead to carbonation depth reaching up to the reinforcement, thus, increasing the risk of corrosion of the reinforcement.
1. The document discusses the design of one-way reinforced concrete slabs according to Indian code IS 456:2000.
2. It defines one-way slabs as edge supported slabs spanning in one direction with a ratio of long to short span greater than or equal to 2.
3. The main considerations for slab design discussed are effective span, deflection control, reinforcement requirements including minimum area, maximum bar diameter and cover, and load calculations.
The document provides details on the design procedure for beams. It discusses estimating loads, analyzing beams to determine shear forces and bending moments, and designing beams. The design process involves selecting the beam size and shape, calculating the effective span, determining critical moments and shears, selecting reinforcement, and checking requirements such as shear capacity, deflection limits, and development lengths. An example problem demonstrates designing a singly reinforced concrete beam with a span of 5 meters to support a working live load of 25 kN/m.
This document summarizes design considerations for shear in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses shear strength provided by concrete alone (Vc), shear strength provided by shear reinforcement (Vs), and methods for calculating total shear strength (Vn). It also covers requirements for shear reinforcement spacing and minimum amounts. Design aids are presented for calculating shear capacity of beams, slabs, and members under combined shear and torsion.
The document provides details on the design of a reinforced concrete column footing to support a column load of 1100kN from a 400mm square column. It describes the design process which includes determining the footing size, calculating bending moment, reinforcement requirements, checking shear capacity and development length. The design example shows a 3.5m x 3.5m square footing with 12mm diameter bars at 100mm c/c is adequate to support the given load based on the specified material properties and design codes. Reinforcement and footing details are also provided.
The document provides details on the design of a reinforced concrete column footing to support a column with a load of 1100kN. It includes calculating the footing size as a 3.5m x 3.5m square to support the load, determining the reinforcement with 12mm diameter bars at 100mm spacing, and checking that the design meets requirements for bending capacity, shear strength, and development length. The step-by-step worked example shows how to analyze and detail the reinforcement of the column footing.
The document defines different types of structural footings used to support columns, walls, and transmit loads to the soil. It discusses isolated, combined, cantilever, continuous, raft, and pile cap footings. It also covers footing design considerations like allowable bearing capacity, shear strength, bending moment, and reinforcement requirements. The document provides formulas and steps for calculating footing size, reinforcement, and checking design requirements.
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil. Different types of footings include wall footings, isolated/single footings, combined footings, cantilever/strap footings, continuous footings, rafted/mat foundations, and pile caps. Footings must be designed to safely carry and transmit loads to the soil while meeting code requirements regarding bearing capacity, settlement, reinforcement, and shear strength. A proper footing design involves determining loads, allowable soil pressure, reinforcement requirements, and assessing settlement.
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
This document discusses the design of column base plates and steel anchorage to concrete. It provides an introduction to base plates and anchor rods, including materials and design considerations. It then covers the design of base plates for different load cases such as axial load, axial load plus moment, and axial load plus shear. Finally, it discusses the design of anchor rods for tension and shear loading based on the requirements in the ACI 318 code. The design procedures aim to ensure adequate load transfer from the steel column to the concrete foundation.
The document discusses buckling of columns under axial compression. It describes:
1) Different buckling theories including elastic buckling, inelastic buckling using tangent modulus theory and reduced modulus theory. Shanley's theory accounts for the effect of transverse displacement.
2) Factors affecting buckling strength including end conditions, initial crookedness, and residual stresses. Effective length accounts for end restraint.
3) Local buckling of thin plate elements can reduce the column's strength before its calculated buckling strength is reached. Flange and web buckling must be prevented.
Footings are structural members that transmit loads from columns and walls to the soil. The main types are isolated, combined, cantilever, continuous, raft, and pile cap footings. Footings must be designed to safely carry and distribute loads to the soil based on soil bearing capacity and prevent excessive settlement. This includes determining the footing size, reinforcement for flexure, shear capacity, and development length. Factors like dowel bars, differential settlement, and column bearing capacity must also be considered in footing design.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Because of torsion, the beam fails in diagonal tension forming the spiral cracks around the beam. Warping of the section does not allow a plane section to remain as plane after twisting. Clause 41 of IS 456:2000 provides the provisions for
the design of torsional reinforcements. The design rules for torsion are based on the equivalent moment.
This document discusses the design of reinforced concrete slabs. It begins by introducing different types of slabs used in construction like solid slabs, flat slabs, ribbed slabs, and waffle slabs. It then covers simplified analysis methods for slabs spanning in one or two directions using load and moment coefficients. The document also addresses shear design in slabs, discussing shear stresses and the need for shear reinforcement. It concludes by discussing punching shear analysis around concentrated loads and the importance of limiting span-depth ratios to control deflections in slabs.
The document discusses the design requirements for lacing, battening, and column bases according to IS 800-2007. It provides details on:
- Two types of lacing systems - single and double
- Design requirements for lacing including angle of inclination, slenderness ratio, effective lacing length, bar width and thickness
- Design of battening including number of battens, spacing, thickness, effective depth, and transverse shear
- Minimum thickness requirements for rectangular slab column bases
It also provides an example problem demonstrating the design of a slab base foundation for a column.
The document discusses guidelines for detailing reinforcement in concrete structures. It begins by defining detailing as the preparation of working drawings showing the size and location of reinforcement. Good detailing ensures reinforcement and concrete interact efficiently. The document then discusses sources of tension in concrete structures from various loading conditions like bending, shear, and connections. It provides equations from AS3600-2009 for calculating minimum development lengths for reinforcing bars to develop their yield strength based on bar size, concrete strength, and transverse reinforcement. It also discusses lap splice requirements. In summary, the document provides best practice guidelines for detailing reinforcement to efficiently resist loads and control cracking in concrete structures.
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms related to beam design such as effective depth, clear cover, and balanced/unbalanced sections. It also describes the process for designing beams, which involves calculating design constants, assuming beam dimensions, determining loads and bending moments, calculating steel reinforcement requirements, checking for shear and deflection, and developing a design summary. The goal of the design process is to select a beam section that will safely and satisfactorily carry loads over the structure's lifetime.
Design of Beam- RCC Singly Reinforced BeamSHAZEBALIKHAN1
Concrete beams are an essential part of civil structures. Learn the design basis, calculations for sizing, tension reinforcement, and shear reinforcement for a concrete beam.
Design of Main Girder [Compatibility Mode].pdfmohamed abdo
This document provides guidelines for designing bridge main girders. It discusses performing structural analysis to determine straining actions, and designing the web plate, flange plate, stiffeners, connections, and splices. The web design considers height, thickness, and shear buckling checks. Flange design uses the area method to determine dimensions and checks bending stresses and local buckling limits. Lateral bracing conditions determine the unsupported length used to check compressive stresses. An example solution for a continuous two-span plate girder is also provided.
This document provides details on the design of a continuous one-way reinforced concrete slab. It includes minimum thickness requirements, equations for calculating moments and shear, maximum reinforcement ratios, and minimum reinforcement ratios. An example is then provided to demonstrate the design process. The slab is designed to have a thickness of 6 inches with 0.39 in2/ft of tension reinforcement in the negative moment region and 0.33 in2/ft in the positive moment region.
This document discusses the design of two-way floor slabs and footings. It covers the direct design method for two-way slabs without beams, examples of slab design, shear failure mechanisms, design for two-way shear, and shear reinforcement options. For footings, it defines footing types, soil pressure distribution, design considerations including bearing capacity and reinforcement, sizing footings based on soil pressure, and design for one-way and two-way shear as well as flexural strength. It also addresses bearing capacity at the column base and dowel requirements.
This document provides definitions and design considerations for singly reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms like overall depth, effective depth, clear cover, and neutral axis. It explains that a singly reinforced beam only has steel reinforcement in the tensile zone below the neutral axis. Beam design aims to select member dimensions and reinforcement amount to safely support loads over the structure's lifetime. Singly reinforced beams can be designed as balanced, under-reinforced, or over-reinforced sections depending on steel reinforcement ratio. Basic design rules cover effective span, depth, bearing capacity, deflection limits, and reinforcement requirements.
1. The panel size is 5m x 7m without drop or column head.
2. The width of the column strip is calculated as 0.25x7m = 1.75m on each side of the column.
3. The required reinforcement is calculated for bending moments in the column strip and middle strip along the longer and shorter spans based on the loading and design parameters. The reinforcement details are shown in diagrams.
The document provides details on the design of a reinforced concrete column footing to support a column with a load of 1100kN. It includes calculating the footing size as a 3.5m x 3.5m square to support the load, determining the reinforcement with 12mm diameter bars at 100mm spacing, and checking that the design meets requirements for bending capacity, shear strength, and development length. The step-by-step worked example shows how to analyze and detail the reinforcement of the column footing.
The document defines different types of structural footings used to support columns, walls, and transmit loads to the soil. It discusses isolated, combined, cantilever, continuous, raft, and pile cap footings. It also covers footing design considerations like allowable bearing capacity, shear strength, bending moment, and reinforcement requirements. The document provides formulas and steps for calculating footing size, reinforcement, and checking design requirements.
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil. Different types of footings include wall footings, isolated/single footings, combined footings, cantilever/strap footings, continuous footings, rafted/mat foundations, and pile caps. Footings must be designed to safely carry and transmit loads to the soil while meeting code requirements regarding bearing capacity, settlement, reinforcement, and shear strength. A proper footing design involves determining loads, allowable soil pressure, reinforcement requirements, and assessing settlement.
The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
This document discusses the design of column base plates and steel anchorage to concrete. It provides an introduction to base plates and anchor rods, including materials and design considerations. It then covers the design of base plates for different load cases such as axial load, axial load plus moment, and axial load plus shear. Finally, it discusses the design of anchor rods for tension and shear loading based on the requirements in the ACI 318 code. The design procedures aim to ensure adequate load transfer from the steel column to the concrete foundation.
The document discusses buckling of columns under axial compression. It describes:
1) Different buckling theories including elastic buckling, inelastic buckling using tangent modulus theory and reduced modulus theory. Shanley's theory accounts for the effect of transverse displacement.
2) Factors affecting buckling strength including end conditions, initial crookedness, and residual stresses. Effective length accounts for end restraint.
3) Local buckling of thin plate elements can reduce the column's strength before its calculated buckling strength is reached. Flange and web buckling must be prevented.
Footings are structural members that transmit loads from columns and walls to the soil. The main types are isolated, combined, cantilever, continuous, raft, and pile cap footings. Footings must be designed to safely carry and distribute loads to the soil based on soil bearing capacity and prevent excessive settlement. This includes determining the footing size, reinforcement for flexure, shear capacity, and development length. Factors like dowel bars, differential settlement, and column bearing capacity must also be considered in footing design.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
Because of torsion, the beam fails in diagonal tension forming the spiral cracks around the beam. Warping of the section does not allow a plane section to remain as plane after twisting. Clause 41 of IS 456:2000 provides the provisions for
the design of torsional reinforcements. The design rules for torsion are based on the equivalent moment.
This document discusses the design of reinforced concrete slabs. It begins by introducing different types of slabs used in construction like solid slabs, flat slabs, ribbed slabs, and waffle slabs. It then covers simplified analysis methods for slabs spanning in one or two directions using load and moment coefficients. The document also addresses shear design in slabs, discussing shear stresses and the need for shear reinforcement. It concludes by discussing punching shear analysis around concentrated loads and the importance of limiting span-depth ratios to control deflections in slabs.
The document discusses the design requirements for lacing, battening, and column bases according to IS 800-2007. It provides details on:
- Two types of lacing systems - single and double
- Design requirements for lacing including angle of inclination, slenderness ratio, effective lacing length, bar width and thickness
- Design of battening including number of battens, spacing, thickness, effective depth, and transverse shear
- Minimum thickness requirements for rectangular slab column bases
It also provides an example problem demonstrating the design of a slab base foundation for a column.
The document discusses guidelines for detailing reinforcement in concrete structures. It begins by defining detailing as the preparation of working drawings showing the size and location of reinforcement. Good detailing ensures reinforcement and concrete interact efficiently. The document then discusses sources of tension in concrete structures from various loading conditions like bending, shear, and connections. It provides equations from AS3600-2009 for calculating minimum development lengths for reinforcing bars to develop their yield strength based on bar size, concrete strength, and transverse reinforcement. It also discusses lap splice requirements. In summary, the document provides best practice guidelines for detailing reinforcement to efficiently resist loads and control cracking in concrete structures.
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms related to beam design such as effective depth, clear cover, and balanced/unbalanced sections. It also describes the process for designing beams, which involves calculating design constants, assuming beam dimensions, determining loads and bending moments, calculating steel reinforcement requirements, checking for shear and deflection, and developing a design summary. The goal of the design process is to select a beam section that will safely and satisfactorily carry loads over the structure's lifetime.
Design of Beam- RCC Singly Reinforced BeamSHAZEBALIKHAN1
Concrete beams are an essential part of civil structures. Learn the design basis, calculations for sizing, tension reinforcement, and shear reinforcement for a concrete beam.
Design of Main Girder [Compatibility Mode].pdfmohamed abdo
This document provides guidelines for designing bridge main girders. It discusses performing structural analysis to determine straining actions, and designing the web plate, flange plate, stiffeners, connections, and splices. The web design considers height, thickness, and shear buckling checks. Flange design uses the area method to determine dimensions and checks bending stresses and local buckling limits. Lateral bracing conditions determine the unsupported length used to check compressive stresses. An example solution for a continuous two-span plate girder is also provided.
This document provides details on the design of a continuous one-way reinforced concrete slab. It includes minimum thickness requirements, equations for calculating moments and shear, maximum reinforcement ratios, and minimum reinforcement ratios. An example is then provided to demonstrate the design process. The slab is designed to have a thickness of 6 inches with 0.39 in2/ft of tension reinforcement in the negative moment region and 0.33 in2/ft in the positive moment region.
This document discusses the design of two-way floor slabs and footings. It covers the direct design method for two-way slabs without beams, examples of slab design, shear failure mechanisms, design for two-way shear, and shear reinforcement options. For footings, it defines footing types, soil pressure distribution, design considerations including bearing capacity and reinforcement, sizing footings based on soil pressure, and design for one-way and two-way shear as well as flexural strength. It also addresses bearing capacity at the column base and dowel requirements.
This document provides definitions and design considerations for singly reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms like overall depth, effective depth, clear cover, and neutral axis. It explains that a singly reinforced beam only has steel reinforcement in the tensile zone below the neutral axis. Beam design aims to select member dimensions and reinforcement amount to safely support loads over the structure's lifetime. Singly reinforced beams can be designed as balanced, under-reinforced, or over-reinforced sections depending on steel reinforcement ratio. Basic design rules cover effective span, depth, bearing capacity, deflection limits, and reinforcement requirements.
1. The panel size is 5m x 7m without drop or column head.
2. The width of the column strip is calculated as 0.25x7m = 1.75m on each side of the column.
3. The required reinforcement is calculated for bending moments in the column strip and middle strip along the longer and shorter spans based on the loading and design parameters. The reinforcement details are shown in diagrams.
Similar to Design of isolated foundation types of isolated foundation (20)
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji - Bandi Chor Guru.pdfBalvir Singh
Sri Guru Hargobind Ji (19 June 1595 - 3 March 1644) is revered as the Sixth Nanak.
• On 25 May 1606 Guru Arjan nominated his son Sri Hargobind Ji as his successor. Shortly
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• Guru Hargobind's succession ceremony took place on 24 June 1606. He was barely
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Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
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This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
6. ➤ Design Considerations:
Minimum reinforcement: (As per IS456:2000, clause
26.5.2.1&2
➤ The mild steel reinforcement in either direction in
slabs shall not be less than 0.15 percent of the total
cross sectional area. However, this value can be reduced
to 0.12 percent when high strength deformed bars or
welded wire fabric are used
➤ The diameter of reinforcing bars shall not exceed
one eight of the total thickness of the slab.
7. ➤ Design Considerations:
Spacing of reinforcement
Minimum Spacing: The clear distance between bars
should not be less than the bar diameter or 5 mm more
than the maximum size of the coarse aggregate.
Maximum Spacing: The spacing should not exceed
three times the effective depth of the footing or 300
mm, whichever is smaller.
8. ➤ Design Considerations:
➤ The Minimum thickness of edge of the footing on
the soil and rock should be 150mm and that on top of
piles should not be less than 300mm.
➤The column transfers the load to top of footing by
bearing. In limit state design, the value of pressure
allowed under direct compression on an reinforced
loaded area of same size is to be limited to 0.45fck as
given by IS 456: clause 33.4.
➤Development length according to IS, the depth
required for anchorage is given by,
10. ➤ SHEAR
1. One way shear (Wide beam Shear):
One way shear is similar to Bending shear in slabs
considering the footing as a wide beam. Shear is taken
along the vertical plane extending the full width of the
base
Lowest value of allowable shear in Table 13 of IS
456:2000 Is 0.35N/mm² is recommended.
In one way shear, the shear force to be resisted is the sum
of the upward forces in the foundation area from the
critical section to the edge of the footing.
The shear per unit area is given by
Tc = v/bd
This is tv should not be more than τc specified.
11. 2. Two way shear (Punching Shear):
➤This is indicates the tendency of column to punch
through the footing slab. This type shear also occurs
around the flat slab around the supporting column.
➤According to the IS456, punching shear has to be
checked along the surface of the truncated cone around
the column load. Called critical perimeter which should be
at a distance of d/2 from the column face.
➤The maximum value of shear stress in LSM according
to IS456 clause 30.6.3.1 is taken as 0.25√fck
12.
13. 3. Bending Moment for Design
Consider the entire footing as
cantilever beam from the face of
The column and calculate the BM
Calculate span for the cantilever
portion (Hashed portion)
= PL x L/2 = (P*L^2)/2
Substitute I= [(B - D )/2 ]
M xx =P( B-D/2 )^2x1/2
This is BM for 1m width of the
beam
14. DESIGN STEPS :
Size of footing :
Assume the weight of footing – 5-10% working load on column
Ultimate bearing capacity of soil = 2*SBC
Factored load = 1.5*working load on footing
Area of footing : Af = factored load
ultimate load bearing capacity
Upward soil pressure :
upward soil pressure = factored load on column
area of footing
15. Depth of footing :
Find depth required for shear for one way shear criteria
Find depth required for shear for Two way shear criteria
Find Bending moment at critical section and depth
required for Bending moment.
The depth of footing is maximum of above three values.
Find area of steel & no. of bars to be provided
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