Basics of civil engineering Induction Type

BASICS OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING
PREPARED BY:
Prof.Miss Kajol Panchal
Diwaliba Polytechnic
21-10-2020 1

Engineering?
■ Ingenious means ‘Clever person’ in Latin.
■ Engineer cleverly uses the available natural resources for the benefit of mankind
Provides comfort to mankind and makes life comfortable.
■ Application of scientific and mathematical knowledge and rational thinking to
improve living standards.
21-10-2020 2

What is Civil Engineering?
■ “Civil Engineering is the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the
use and convenience of man”.
■ The main scope of civil engineering or the task of civil engineering is planning,
designing, estimating, supervising construction, managing construction, execution,
and maintenance of structures like building, roads, bridges, dams, etc.
■ One who designs and maintains works of public utility is known as civil engineer.
21-10-2020 3

Branches of Civil Engineering
■ Surveying & levelling
■ Building, Planning and construction
■ Advanced Construction
■ Structural Engineering
■ Geotechnical Engineering
■ Water Resources Engineering
■ Transportation Engineering
■ Environmental Engineering
■ Town Planning
21-10-2020 4

Surveying & levelling
■ Surveying includes measurements of distances and angles in horizontal & vertical
planes, while levelling is the measurement of heights in vertical plane.
■ Modern surveying instruments like Electronic total station and Geographical
Positioning System(GPS) are the modern electronic digital instruments for survey
works.
■ Remote sensing and Geographical Information system(GIS) are adopted for
surveying and planning of many civil engineering projects.
21-10-2020 5

Building Planning and construction
■ Buildings are planned according to the fundamental principles of planning & bylaws
of local municipal bodies.
■ Buildings may be residential or public building like school, colleges, government
office, Hospitals, etc.
21-10-2020 7

Advanced Construction
■ Construction of dams, bridges, tunnels, ports, requires several advanced
construction techniques of construction.
■ Under water construction requires specific type of equipment.
■ Large scale earthworks in excavation requires equipment's like power shovel,
dragline, bulldozers, etc.
21-10-2020 9

Structural Engineering
■ This Branch of civil engineering deals with structural analysis and design of
structures.
■ Structural analysis is done to calculate stresses in structural components, on the
basis of loads, acting on structures.
21-10-2020 11

Geotechnical Engineering
■ Geotechnical engineering is that field of civil engineering which deals with soil
investigation and design of proper foundations of structures.
■ Geotechnical engineering includes measurement of soil Parameters and safe
bearing capacity.
■ Soil investigation includes collection and testing of soil samples.
21-10-2020 13

Water Resources Engineering
■ Water resource engineering means measurements, utilization and development of
water resources for agriculture, municipal and power generation purpose.
■ It mainly includes irrigation engineering, design of hydraulic structures like dams,
canals etc.
■ Water resource engineering deals with planning designing and developing water
resources by constructing several hydraulic structures like dams, barrages,
hydropower stations, canal and pipe networks etc.
21-10-2020 15

Transportation Engineering
■ Transportation means movement of Passengers and goods by means of vehicles on
land, ship on water and aircrafts in air.
■ Transportation Engineering is that branch of Civil engineering which deals with
planning, designing and construction of roads, bridges, railways, tunnels, harbours,
ports, docks, runways and airports.
21-10-2020 17

Environmental Engineering
■ Environmental Engineering deals with pollution control and public health
engineering.
■ Different types of pollutions are water, air, noise and other pollution.
■ Environmental engineering includes design, construction and maintenance of water
treatment plant, waste water treatment plant, water distribution network and
sewerage system, it also deals with solid waste management in towns and cities.
21-10-2020 19

Town Planning
■ Town planning means planned & controlled growth of town by dividing town in to
different land use zones and regulating building construction to provide better
environment for the people of the town.
■ In the town planning areas of town are divided into residential, commercial,
recreational and industrial zones, which is called zoning.
21-10-2020 21

FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL ENGINEER
Civil engineering functions performed can broadly be classified in three categories.
■ Before construction
■ During construction
■ After Construction
21-10-2020 23

BEFORE CONSTRUCTION
■ Feasibility study
■ Surveying
■ Site investigation
■ Planning
■ Design and drawing
■ Estimating
■ Planning & Scheduling
21-10-2020 24

DURING CONSTRUCTION
■ Dealing with clients, Consulting engineer and contractors
■ Execution and supervision
■ Quality control
■ Costing
21-10-2020 25

AFTER CONSTRUCTION
■ Maintenance and repairs
■ Valuation
■ After the construction regular maintenance of structures is to be carried out.
Valuation is carried out for the purpose of sale, purchase and many others purposes.
21-10-2020 26

Top Companies
1. Adani Power PVT.Ltd.
2. Essar.PVT.Ltd
3. Reliance Group Pvt.Ltd.
4. IRB Infra developer Ltd.
5. Larsen and TubroPvt.Ltd
6. Jaypee Group
7. Torrent Power PVT.Ltd.
8. TATA Group PVT.Ltd.
9. GNFC
10. GSFC
11. Gammon India Ltd.
12. Unitach Pvt. Ltd.
21-10-2020 27

Basics of civil engineering Induction Type

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