Atp economicaly weaker section

CHAPTER V
KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD - AN OVER VIEW
5.1 K.S.H.B - STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS:
The Kerala State Housing Board(KSHB)was establishedin 1971
as per the Kerala State Housing BoardAct 1971, merging the erstwhile
city ImprovementTrust. The KSHB is one of the premier Housing Boards
in India and is rendering meritorious service to the public in acquiring a
shelter. The KSHB provided houses for nearly 5 lakhfamilies, over the
past 25 years under various schemes, out of which 85 percent belong to
the economicallyweaker sections. The missionof the HousingBoardis to
providea habitableshelter to all houseless inthe state.
The state of Kerala requiresat leasttwo lakhhousesevery year to
sort out the problem of housingshortage. To achievethe goal of shelter
for all by the end of this century, Kerala Government has envisaged a
comprehensiveprogramme styled Rajiv One Million HousingScheme. It
coversallthe schemes beingimplementedbythe several housingagencies
in the state. Kerala State HousingBoardhas beennominatedasthe nodal
agency for the successfulimplementationof this scheme.
KSHBhasevolvedseveral resultorientedschemesinorderto tackle
this s~tuat~oneffectively. KSHBpays greater attentionto building houses
for the weaker sections in society. HousingComplexfor rehabilitatingthe
houselessand landless merits special mention.Takingthe enormity of the
problem faced by the EWS into consideration in addition to meetingthe

housing shortage, the Government has taken steps by concentrating in
upgradingand improvingthefacilities of housesconstructedunderthe One
Lakh Housing Scheme.
Apart from the lack of finance, escalation in the wage rate of
labourers, cost of materials, and skyrocketting price of land are factors
affecting the housing sector. In this context Housing Board can be the
effectiveinstrumentinthe purposefulimplementationof thisimportantsocial
objectrve -that is to provide shelter to the homeless and landless.
Crtres are growingfast with scant regardfor order of any sort. The
rnfluxof labourersfrom rural areas to urban areas, continues unabated.
Eventuallythey happento settle down inthe city and its suburbs. To ease
the pressure upon the city and thereby slow down the inflow of people,
Government, has evolved a scheme to establish satellite town ships in
Thrruvananthapuram, Ernakulamand Kozhikode.The first of its kind has
come rnto berngat Tripunrthuranear Ernakulam.
The Government has entrustedthe work to Kerala State Housing
Board. The Government has entrusted the Boardwith the constructionof
revenuetowers at Taluk headquarters. Thework of seven RevenueTowers
has already started as the first phase.
As regardsthe organisationalstructurethe KSHBhas 15members
headed by a non-official chairman. The Housing Commissioner to the
Government is the ex-officio secretary to the Board and is the Chief
Execut~veThe whole state is divided into three regions namely
Th~ruvananthapuram,Ernakulam, Kozhikodeandeach region is headed
by a regronal Engineer. The RegionalEngineersare underthe controlof a

Chief Engineerstationedat Thiruvananthapuram.The Boardhas district
offices in allfourteen districtsand branchoffices in important centres.
Kerala has beenmakingconcertedeffortsto tideover the crises by
lntroducrngcost effectivetechnology inthefield. Attempts are beingmade
to encouragepeopleto makejudicious useof wood so as to helpconserve
energy Importancehas beengivento build housesfor theweaker section
usingcost effective methodsand utilisinglocallyavailable materials.
It is estimatedthat outof 54.59lakhhouses,about20%arethatched
huts of a semipermanent nature. About 50% of the above category are
substandard hutswhich are notfit for safe humanliving. Inadditions, about
5%of the ex~stinghouses requiredto be demolishedand reconstructed.
Thus the demandfor housingduringthe year 1991was 8.74 lakhs.
The KSHB continues its activities to ease the housing problem.
lnnovatlveand need basedschemesfor all categoriesof the society are
implementedbythe board. Publichousingschemeand cashloanschemes
haveprideof placeamongthem. Witha viewto implementa comprehensive
plancoveringthe housingneedsof allcategories, Rajivone MillionHousing
Scheme was launchedby the Government of Kerala on 17thSeptember
1991.All the schemes implementedby the public sector agencieswere
brought underthe Rajivone Million Housing Scheme.
The progressand implementationwithin the years 1991-1995was
substantla1that nearly 3.5 lakhhousing units could be completed during
this period. Of thisthe shareof KeralaState HousingBoardaloneis65,000
hous~ngunits. A total amount of Rs. 456.28 crores was invested in the
Housingsector duringthis period.

Kerala State HousingBoardcould achievehigh performancelevel
In the implementationof Rajiv one Million Housingscheme. Anumber of
stepswere taken to improvethe performanceof the board. Nearly 19public
hous~ngschemes were completed and 51 schemes were started. Many
policy decisions were taken duringthe year 1991-1994which helpedthe
turnaround of the Board. Direct purchase of land, exemptionfrom stamp
duty, interest subsidy for EWS category, finalisation of Apartment
RegulationAct, decentralisation,special cellfor recovery of dues, issue of
sale deeds, allotment before construction, streamlining of loan
disbursement,finalisation of pendingannual accounts etc. are important
among them. When thousands of people became homeless due to the
earth quake in Maharashtrathe Boardvolunteeredto take up construction
of 200 houses in Lathur for the victims.
HUDCO has acclaimed KSHB as the best housingagency during
1992-93,94-95 and 96-97for itsinnovativehousingschemes, contribution
to weaker section housing, financial discipline and overall performance.
The Boardearned profits for the years 1991-96and is ranked as the 6th
organisation in profitability among the 101 public sector undertakings in
the state '
5.2 SCHEMES OF KSHB IN THE YEAR 2000 :-
The people's campaignfor the 9th five year plan, the instruments
for decentralisedplanning in Kerala has been progressingsatisfactorily
with the help of the local bodies.Till recently,the housingactivities were
1 Kerala State HousingBoard 1995-1996. Silver Jubilee year Report of the Chairman V.T.
Sebastian and Secretary P.M.John, p.1,2,3 Santhi Nagar,Trivandmm.

done by various agenciesmainly bythe KeralaState HousingBoard. Now
the prime role has beentransferred to the local bodies consisting of 990
Grama Panchayats,55 Municipalities,3 MunicipalCorporations,152block
Panchayats, and 14 district Panchayats. They are entrusted with the
responsibility of assessing housing demand, estimating resource fund
mobilisationof localskills andbuildingmaterials, identifyingbeneficiaries,
implementingand monitoringhousingschemes and projects.
The State Government has constituteda task force on housingto
draw up integrateddevelopmentprogrammesfor the housingsector. They
have assessed the demandfor houses as 7 lakhs by the year 2000 AD.
Accordingto the statisticsof the planningboard9 lakhhouseshavealready
been constructedbetween 1991and 1998.In order to achieve"Housefor
All by2002."Keralamayhaveto construct 1.72 lakhhouses every year till
2002. Consideringthe gravity of the problem,the ninthfive year plan has
formulatedpolicies keeping in view the problems of the poorer sections.
The Ma~thriHousing Scheme launched by the Government of Kerala to
provide one lakh new housesfor the poor belongingto the economically
weaker sections every year, satisfiesone of the mostbasicneeds of our
soc~ety.All our programmes for constructionof new housesare directed
towards improvingthe qualityof lifefor the peopleproposingto liveinthem.
Though primeimportanceis givento the economicallyweaker sections of
the society provisionof housesfor other sectors likeLIG,MIG, HIG Rental
HousingScheme for Governmentemployeesetc. are also implemented.
The Governmentof Keralaproposedto coverthe demandfor houses
during the years 1999-2002of the IX plan by a comprehensive housing
scheme through various agenciesas follows:

228
Table 5.2.1
.
/
Housing Agencies and the housesto be constructed I
Kerala State Housing Board
Kerala State Co-operative Housing Federation
Kerala State Development Corporationfor SCIST,
STISC Development Department
Rural DevelopmentCommissionerate
Housing Finance Institutions,HDFC, LIC, Bank
Housing Scheme through CDSfor urban poor
SI
No.
Total
~ -- - - -
Source: Housing activities in Kerala (Brief Note) 1999
HousingAgency
The Housing Commissionerate under the control of the housing
commissioner is the nodal department for Co-ordinating the housing
schemes of all agenciesto achievethe goal. Kerala State HousingBoard,
beingthe premierhousingagency of the state andfore runnerin providing
the hous~ngrequirementsof the statewas nominatedas the NodalAgency
for the implementation of various housing schemes. While private
developers are the major suppliers of housing in major urban centres,
housingfor the poor remainsoutsidethe formal private delivery system.
Hence much remainsto be done in designing andfinancing low income
housing "
Housesto be
constructed
2 A brief note on Housing activitiesin Kerala pp. 1-2, 1999 office of the HousingCotTWIiSSion,
Trivandrum.

The primary objective of the Housing Board is to formulate and
~mplementvarious housingconstruction schemes, aswell as housingloan
schemesfor catering to the housingneedsof public, belongingto various
incomegroups namely,weaker sections, lowincomegroup, middle income
group and high income group. In addition to this, General improvement
schemes like commercial cum office complex, Government directed
schemes like rental housing schemes, slum improvement schemes,
housing complexes for EWS, Rehabilitation housing scheme, revenue
towers etc.Taking construction work of otheragenciesalsoforms part of
the activ~tiesof the Board.A briefnote on various housingschemes and
cash loan schemes implemented by the Kerala State Housing Board is
furnishedbelow:
5.2.1. Public Housing Scheme (General):
Underthis schemethe KSHBacquires/purchases land, develops it
and constructs houseslflats for allotment or allot as plots to the general
public belonging to various income groups. The demand in an area is
assessedbasedonthe registrationmadebythe publicpreferringallotment
in that area. The land is either purchaseddirectly through negotiationor
acquiredas perthe LandAcquisitionAct. The Boardhascompleted11128
units under 141 publichousingschemesas on 31.10.1999.Construction
of another 752 units in 10 schemes with a project cost of Rs. 7264.72
lakhs are in progress.
5.2.2. Rental Housing Scheme :
The Board has taken up the Rental Housing Scheme by availing
financ~alassstance from the Government,the HUDCOand HDFC for the

purposeof accommodatingstate Government employees. Construction
of 42 unitsat Perumbavoorwith a projectcost of Rs.268.8 lakhs has been
completed during 1997-98 and of another 78 units with a project cost of
Rs.931.9 lakhs at Kuttanelloor, Kasargodand Poojappuraareat different
stages The Boardhas completed 1755 units so far.
5.2.3. Housing Schemes for Working Journalists:
Under this scheme (introduced on 24.07.1978), houses are
constructed andallottedto the workingjournalists inthe state. A journalist
who does not possess a house either in his name or in the name of his
wife or dependent children also has the option for constructing a house
either inthe plot ownedby himor inthe plot allotted bythe HousingBoard.
As per G.0dated 17.06.83, Governmentrevisedthe schemes by granting
loan assistance and subsidyfor the constructionof houses in developed
plots. Twenty Fivepercentageof the total cost of constructionsubjectto a
maximum of Rs.20,0001-was subsidy component. Later Government
revisedthe subsidy to Rs. 35,0001- and then to Rs. 50,0001-. Underthis
scheme subsidywas givento 95casesfrom 1996-1997to December 1999.
A spec~alschemefor the working journalist was alsoformulated andthe
constructionof 54 unitswith a projectcost of Rs.316.18 lakhsis completed
in NCC Road, Thiruvananthapuramduring 1999-2000.
5.2.4 Housing scheme for Non-Resident Indians :
To caterto the longfelt needof Non-residentIndians,the KSHBhas
establishedan NRIcell andareformulatinga scheme exclusivelyfor non-
resident Indians.The KSHBallots housesites, gives technical guidance,
supervises constructions etc. Houses are constructed as per the plan

accepted by the NRls in sites acquired exclusivelyfor them. House with
modernfacilities with a tentative cost of Rs. 12lakhs includingland value
IS constructedin eachselected centre. Loanupto 60% of the cost is given
by the Board and the balance of 40% is the beneficiaries' share. Apart
from thls a certain percentage has been reserved for the NRls in the
allotment of ploUplotwith buildinglflats in the public housingschemes of
the Board. Housing schemes exclusively for NRls at Kozhencherri,
Thiruvikramangalam, andThrikkakarastage Illarecompleted. Construction
of 50 unitsat Mulamkunnathukavuwas completedduring 1998-'99and 50
unltsat Pattoor(Reservedfor NRlsfrom Pattoor HS),40flats at Thrikkakara
and 12flats at TD Road Ernakulamare in progress.
5.2.5 Housing Complexes (EWS) :
Thls scheme is formulatedfor theweakest amongthe economically
weaker sections of the society. Thebeneficiariesof the schemeare those
who res~deon the road, thodu (gutter)and other Puramboke(Government
land) area. It proposes to construct 50,000 houses within a period of 5
years spreadingover 1000Panchayats.Landfor the purpose is purchased
through negotiation, if no suitable Government lands are available.
Construction of 3635 units has been completed in different Panchayats
and constructionof another 149units are in progress.
5.2.6. Office Cum Commercial Complexes:-
Along with public housingschemes, the KeralaState Housing Board
hastaken upthe constructionof officecum-mmmercial/shopping complex
in scheme areas as well as inthe major cities and towns. These schemes
cater to the commerciallshopping needs of the area. The rentalllease

revenue IS a major source of income of the Board. The Board has
constructed19commercialwmplex/shoppingcomplex sofar. Construction
of commercial complex at Balaramapuram and Kattapana are in good
progressandthe constructionofanother 15numbersareat itsinitialstages.
5.2.7. Revenue Towers:
The Boardhastaken uptheconstructionof RevenueTowersinTaluk
Headquarterswhere there is no mini civil station, as sanctioned in G.O.
(MS) 92IHSQ dt. 28.11.1992. Construction of revenue towers at
Nedumangad, Adoor, Thiruvalla, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam and
Changanasserry are in progress.
5.2.8. Satellite Townships:
With a viewto develop parelleltownshipsinthe vicinity of the major
townsh~psnear the three Corporation areas of the state namely,
Thiruvanathapuram,Kochiand Kozhikodesatellite townshipsare planned
andbeingimplementedby KSHB.As afirst step inthis regardit isproposed
to implement a satellite township in Ernakulam District in an area of 500
acres of land.This project is underformulation. A mini satellitetownship is
also proposed to be implemented at Akkulam near Thiruvanathapuram
Corporat~onin an area of 48 acres of land, acquired by the Board. This
project is proposedto be completedwithin three years.
5.2.9. Industrial Township:
It IS proposedto construct an industrialtownship at Kalamasseryin
an area of 50 acres of land. The land for the purpose has been taken
possessionon 8.12.1995.

5.2.10. Working Women's Hostel:
The Board has decided to implement working women's hostel
project in all important places in the state for accommodating working
women At the outsetthe proposalisto constructhostelsat ldukki, Kottayam,
Thiruvanathapuram, Kozhikode, Ernakulam, Wayanad, Kannur and
Kasargode.The constructionwork for working women's hostel at ldukki
(Muttom,Thodupuzha)for accommodating 180personsat a wst of 103.84
lakhs IS almost completed and at Kottayam (Gandhinagar)
accommodating 186persons at a cost of Rs. 148.32lakhs is completed
duringthis financial year. Steps are beingtaken for constructingworking
women s hostel at Thrissur. All the district collectors have also been
requestedto identifysuitableGovernment land in this respectivedistricts
for the scheme.
5.2.11. Tourists Cottages:
Considering the possibility of developing tourism in Kerala, the
Board proposes to construct 10 cottages each at important tourism
centres.At the initialstage,the Boardwill take necessarystepsto construct
cottages, at Akkulam in the land possessed by Kerala State Housing
Board.Also the Board proposes, to constructtourist wttages, at Munnar,
Kuttanad,Kumarakom,Bekkal,Bhoothathankettu,Thekkadi, Muzhichilakad
Beach.
5.2.12. Sureksha Housing Scheme:
This scheme is intendedfor the low income groups at towns and
cities,who do not own even one cent of land. The Boardproposesto give
landsandloanfor constructionof housesfor them undersimpleconditions

234
and also to construct housing schemes exclusively for them. The
~mplementationof this scheme is at its initial stage.
5.2.13. Suburban Housing Complexes :
The Kerala State Housing Board has decided to implement a
scheme named"Suburbanhousing complexes".The scheme is proposed
to be implementedin suburbanareas underthejurisdiction of Development
Authorlt~esin the state. This scheme is proposed to be implementedin
every d~str~ct.The scheme will be implemented in suitable Government
lands in suburban panchayatsor private land purchasedon negotiation.
The schemewill beimplementedwith the helpof various financial agencies
like HUDCO. And it is decided to construct, a minimum of 10 houses in
each such housing complex. The implementation of the scheme is at its
initial stage
5.2.14 Slum Clearance Scheme:
The scheme envisages rehabilitation of slum dwellers in
ChengalchoolainThiruvanathapuramcity. Theflats are beingallottedfree
of cost to the eligible. Under this scheme construction of 616 flats have
been completedand 528 units havebeen allotted. Nowthis scheme has
beentransferredto Thiruvanthapuram Corporation.
5.2.15. Kerala Village at Lathur:
The Government of Kerala has entrusted the Board with the
construction of 200 housesat Lathur Maharashtrastate to rehabilitatethe
earthquake v~ctims.The constructionof 168houseshave been completed
and handed over to the beneficiaries. The Board could construct and
complete these houses in a record time.

5.2.16. Consultancy Sewice:-
The Board has a committed team of well qualified engineers
competent to provide consultancy services to Government and Semi
Government organisations. One of such major schemes undertaken at
present 1sthe Revenue Instituteat PTP Nagar. Consultancy workfor the
constructionof legislativehostel(Flats6 + 1storeys) at Thiruvananthapuram
IS also taken up by the Board and the design details etc. were handed
over to PWDauthorities.The Boardhasso far completed6 depositworks
of various parts of the state.
5.2.17. Old Age Home :
The Board has decidedto build old age homes in all major cities
of the state. Suitable Government lands have to be identified for this
scheme The layout plans for old age home at Kozhikode has been
prepared The work will be started in 2001. The project in other districts
will be lrnplernentedduring2001-2002.
5.2.18. NRI Housing Complexes:
In addltlonto the exsting housingschemefor NRls, the Boardhas
projectedto bu~ldhousing complexes having 10houseseach in suitable
places,at Thiruvanathapuram,Kochi, Kozhikode,Nedumbassery,Kannur
etc Sultable lands for this scheme are being identified by the Board.
5.2.19. Single women housing scheme:
The board proposes to implement a special housing scheme foV,,j
single women where safe andaffordable accommodationwill beprovided
for them. Action is beingtakenfor the identificationof the landetc.for the
formulation of the project.

5.2.20. Housing scheme for Veteran freedom fighters:
The KSHB proposes to implement a housing scheme having 50
dwelling unitsfor Veteranfreedomfightersat Kozhikodeinthe landavailable
in Kozhikode MedicalCollege HousingAccommodationscheme.
5.2.21. Model Village:-
Modelvillage is a villagewhich is self sufficient in providingall the
infrastructuralfacilities and commonamenities for the peopleresiding in
that village. This project will be assisted by HUDCO. The Board has
decided to set up a modelvillage inAlacode village in ldukki District.
5.2.22. Model Building Centre:
The KSHB has decided to establish a model building centre for
demonstration of new building technologies and production of building
materials. It is decidedto establisha model buildingcentre in Emakulam.
5.2.23. Amusement Park Cum Cultural Centre Project:
Tourism is growing in Kerala.This growth is not solely attributed to
the foreign tourists but also to the phenomenalgrowth indomestic tourists.
Nowadaysevenaveragefamilies do go for a holiday at leasttwice or thrice
in an year to holiday resorts and amusement parks. Amusement parks
providefun and excitement not only to children but also to personsof all
ages. Steps are being taken to establish an amusement park at Muttam,
Thodupuzha near Malankaradam.3
3 Activities of KSHB - A note dated 13.12.1999.

5.2.24. Jubilee Housing Scheme:
The Board has launched a new housing scheme namely 'Jubilee
HousrngScheme'to commemoratethe 50thyear of Indian Independence.
In this scheme, a beneficiaryhas to make an initial deposit of 18%ofthe
loanamount inthe Boardandcanavailloanaccordingto hisfinancial abilrty
and needonly to repay monthlythe interestof the loan. Underthe scheme
sanctionswere issuedfor 322 cases and230 unitswere completed.
Table 5.2.2
Jubilee Housing Scheme - lnstalment Amount
Source: Activit~esof KSHB - A brief note - dated 13.12.1999
Loan
Amount
1,OO.OOO
1,50,000
2.00,OOO
3,00,000
4,OO.oOO
5,00,000
5.2.25. Repairs and maintenance loan scheme for LIG,MIG and HIG
categories:
Thls newschemefor LIG, MIG and HIG (repairsand maintenance)
was started in 1996. The amount of loan for each unit was revised as
Rs. 35,0001-Rs. 1,50,000/-and Rs.2,50,000/-respectivelypayableintwo
instalments.The rateof interestof LIG,MIG and HIGschemes has been
rev~sedto 14%. 15% and 16.55% respectively. During 1996-97 to
12/99, loans havebeengivento 797 units under LIG (RandM), 580 units
Deposit
18.000
27,000
36,000
54.000
72,000
90,000
Monthly
instalmen!
1350
2025
2700
4050
5600
7000
Repayment
period
168
168
168
168
168
168
I
40,000
60,000
80,000
1,20,000
1.60.000
2,00,000
I
40,000
60,000
80,000
1,20,000
1,60,000
2.00,OOO
111
20.000
30.000
40,000
60,000
80,000
1,00,000

under MIG (R and M) and 192 units under HIG (R and M) of which 665
unlts 528 units, and 140units were completed under LIG, MIG and HIG
respectively The amount disbursed are Rs. 252.442 lakhs, Rs. 819.81
lakhs and Rs.31521 lakh respectively.
5.2.26. Housing Scheme for MLAslMPs:
Housing scheme exclusively for MLAsIMPs of the state was
formulated as per G.O. dt.20.9.1985.The scheme is being implemented
by the Board by availing loan from HDFC. Underthis schemea legislator
or his spouse is eligible to get loan for construction of a new house,
reconstructionlextensiontothe existinghouseor purchaseof anapartment,
a newly built house at any place of his choice.The maximumloanamount
is lirnltedto Rs.3 lakhs.The loanamount isto berepaidinequatedmonthly
instalments in 15 years. The rate of interestis 7%. Under this scheme26
units were completed during 1996-97to 12/99and expenditureincurred
is Rs.87.1lakhs.
5.2.27. Housing scheme for flood victims (1992):-
This scheme envisages improvement of stability of houses in the
flood prone areas in the state. The HUDCO has sanctionedthe scheme
with atotal estimate cost of Rs.47.28 croresout of which 40% is loanfrom
HUDCO, 30% subsidy from central Government and 30% subsidy from
state Government.The number of units completed were 15235 and Rs.
2490.43 lakhs was expended under this scheme (as per the details
collectedfrom District Collectors.)

5.2.28. HousingScheme for flood affected victims (1997):
The Boardhasalso launcheda housingschemeto providehouses
under Maithri HousingScheme to personswhose houseshavebeenfully
damageddue to the South West Monsoonof 1997.As perthe schemethe
concerned District Collector forwards a list of the eligible beneficiaries
with a deposit amount of Rs. 12,6001- per beneficiary to the Boardfrom
the calamity relief fund (ie. Rs. 11,6001- being one time annuity deposit
and Rs. 10001-being beneficiary'scontribution)andthe balanceamount
requiredfor the constructionof the houseswould be met by the Board.
5.2.29. Housing Scheme for Central Government Employees:
A CentralGovernmentemployeewho owns at least5 centsof land
comes under this scheme. The loan amounts are fixed at Rs.1,12,400/-,
Rs. 1,79,350/- and Rs. 2,69,570/- according to the basic pay of the
employees.Theannualamounthasto berepaidin228monthlyinstalrnents.
5.2.30. Housing loan for Government employees and teachers under LIG,
MIG, and HIG categories:
The schemewas launchedexclusivelyfor the benefitof Government
employees and teachers of the state. Under this scheme loans ranging
from Rs 1 lakhto 3 lakhwill bedisbursed for constructionof houses. The
mode of sanct~oningthe loan is the same as that of general cash loan
schemes The loan amount will have to be repaid in 228 monthly
nstalments,the maximuminterestbeing16%.Underthis scheme681 units
were completed under LIG, 336 units under MIG, and89 units under HIG
category
4 Annual Report of KSHB 1994

5.2.31. Rehabilitation Housing Scheme:
The scheme was started in June 1985. The beneficiaries of this
scheme were given loan assistance of Rs. 4,5001- and subsidy of
Rs. 1,5001-for the construction of houses costing Rs. 6,0001-. Financial
assistance were providedfor the construction of 1,48,772houses inthe
first two phasesof the scheme. The rate of interest of the loanwas 8.75%
per annurnand the periodof repaymentspreads over 9 years. The phase
Illof the schemewas started in March 1987.The beneficiariesare given
loan assistance of Rs. 7,6771- and subsidy of Rs. 1,5001- for the
constructionof housescosting Rs.9,1771-.The subsidy portion is met by
the Government and the concerned local body at Rs. 7501- each. The
repayment periodfixed is 15years. The scheme is implementedthrough
the revenueauthorities.
5.2.32. Co-operative Housing Scheme:
The scheme was started in the year 1978 for the construction of
one lakh housesfor the peoplecoming under the EWScategory in rural
areas of the state. The scheme was implementedjointly by the KSHBand
the Co-operative sector. Funds required for the scheme were raised by
the Board from the HUDCO and the Government and passed on to the
respectweCo-operativebanksfor disbursements to the beneficiaries.The
I
loanport~onIS to berepaidin 108monthsbythe beneficiary,with an interest
of 7.5%.The schemewas discontinuedandmergedwith the Rehabilitation
Housing Scheme IIphase. The number of houses constructed under this
scheme was 55495

5.2.33. The Kairali Housing Scheme:
The KairaliHousing Schemewas launchedon28th December 1990.
The beneficiaries of this scheme will get a loan assistance of
Rs. 10,0331-for constructing houses costing Rs. 11,8031-no subsidy is
given to the beneficiariesthe scheme is intendedfor EWS category. Itwas
proposed to construct 25,000 houses each in the Iand I1phase of the
scheme The beneficiaries are selected by the revenueauthorities as in
the case of rehabilitationhousing ~ c h e m e . ~
5.2.34. The Housing Scheme for Beedi workers:
The KSHB has launched a housing scheme for Beedi workers to
the tune of Rs6,5001-andgot subsidyof Rs.2,0001-for constructinghouses
costlng Rs 12,000.The loan amount hasto be repaidinfifteen years with
the Interest of 7% So far 437 units have been completed under this
scheme
52.35, Suvarna Jubilee Housing Scheme:
Thls scheme intends to give financial assistance to all SCIST
Categories w~ththe assistanceof SClSTdepartment,the maximumamount
of loan assstance to a beneficiaryis Rs. 35,0001-. This amount need not
be repa~dby the beneficiaries.
5 Annual Report of KSHB 1996

5.2.36. "Sumpoorna" Housing Scheme:
This scheme intendsto give technical and financial assistanceto
all fam~lieshaving no house of their own in a selected Panchayath in
each distr~ctwith the help of Panchayath and Voluntary organisation,
tfl~r:'uyt,ale Housng Boaxi'
Kerala State Housing Board is the major house building agency
contributing to 56% of the total housesconstructedduring 1997-98.At the
total number 38857 houses constructed by the Board during 1997-98,
EWS houses constituted79%, low incomegroup houses4.7Oh andmiddle
income group houses 5.6%. It has assisted construction of 3.44 lakh
houses upto 31.3.1997 and implementedas many as 30 schemes. Upto
March 1997, it hadcompletedthe constructionof 18commercial shopping
complexes and the constructionof commercialcomplexes. During 1997-
98, the Board raised funds to the tune of Rs. 149 crores from HUDCO
and Rs.2 86 croresfrom HDFC.BetweenApril 1998andDecember 1998,
it rased Rs. 117 crores form HUDCO.'
The relevant data on the houses constructed is presented in the
table
6 A brief note on the housing activities in Kerala 1999 - Housing Cornmissionerate dated
31.121999, Thiruvanathapuram.
7 Kerala Economic Review 1998,p. 156

Table 5.2.3
Houses constructed bv KSHBfrom March 1996 to December 1999 Rs. m lakhs-
Source:K.S.H.B. Housing activities -an overview, 1999 March 31.
SI
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Name of the scheme
c
Public Housing
Schemes
Layout housing scheme
Rental Housing Scheme
Working Journalist HS
NRI Housing Scheme
Housing Complexes EWS
Working Women's Hostel
Slum Clearance Scheme
Kerala Village at Lathur
Total
Commercial Schemes
Office cum Commercial
complex
Revenue towers
Deposit works
GRAND TOTAL
I 3
10413
1713
23
69
3385
616
168
16387
17
6
16410
I
No of
units
Corn-
pleted
UPto
3/96
Achievements
during 1997-98
4 ' 5
188
-
-
-
205
393
1
-
-
394
I
No Of
units
com-
pleted
692.68
59.93
0.56
74.29
52.38
879.84
10
205.23
7.54
1102.61
I
E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
ture
Achievements
during 1996-97
Achievements
during 1998-99
249
42
-
-
45
336
-
-
336
I
No. of
units
com-
pleted
NO Of
units
com-
pleted
Expendi-
ture
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d i .
ture
Achievements during
1999-2000
9 '
1139.53
19.27
55
289.85
2.86
57.79
1564.3
144.97
577.49
119.74
2406.5
I
6 ' 7 '
1206.84
90.87
63.91
371.67
21.35
1754.64
72.55
454.74
25.59
2307.52
I
NO Of
units
com-
pieted
11
752
78
102
149
1
1082
2
6
-
1090
I I
10
31
54
1
86
1
1
88
I
8
247
-
-
50
-
297
-
-
-
297
I
N,, Of '
units
'Om-
pleted
as on
12/91
-4
Achievements during the
present govt.
I
Nos ln
progress
No Of
untts
corn-
pleted
12
458.7
10.3
468
121.65
59.2
654.63
154.29
723.48
155.08
1667.38
I
Expen-
diture
No of
units in
progress
Expendi-
ture
16
-
1755
77
119
3635
1
616
168
17499
19
0
7
17525
I
15
3497.7511128
180.37
124.15
857.46
76.59
116.99
0
0
4853.31
361.81
1960.94
307.95
7504.01
I
13
715
14
752
42 78'
54
/ -
50
250
1
0
0
1112
2
0
I
1115
I
102
149
1
1082
2
6
-
1090
I

The activities of KSHBupto 31.12.1999aredepicted inthe table.
Names of the schemes are divided intothree categories. Public housing
schemes, commercial schemes and deposit works. The total no. of units
completedover the years 1996-2000under publichousing schemes are
16387,393, 336, 297, 86 respectively.The total number of publichousing
schemes up to 12/99 is 17499. Commercial schemes total no. of units
completed up to 1996 is 17 and the total units completed up to 12/99 is
19.The total no. of units completed in all the schemes under KSHB upto
12/99 is 17525.8
5.3. CASH LOAN SCHEMES OF KSHB FROM 1990-2000:-
The Board extends housing loans to all income groups for
construction of houses inthe plotsownedby them.The cashloan schemes
are malnly refinanced by HUDCO, HDFC, and Banks. Under Rajiv One
MillionHousingScheme, 10cash loanhousingschemesfor 60,000 housing
unlts were under implementation. A sum of Rs. 42 crores has been
disbursed during 1992-95 under various loan schemes. The board had
proposedto extend housingloansto the tune of Rs. 70 crores duringthe
silverjubilee year 1995-96.
5.3.1. LIG Cash Loan Scheme:
Underthe LIGscheme, a personwhose annual income rangesfrom
21601 to 54,0001-rupees and has at least 3 cents of land is eligible for
gettingloanassistanceforconstructinga housecost ofwhichis Rs.823531-.
Out of thls Rs. 70,000 is the loan portion and the balance amount is the
benefic~ary'sshare. The loan amountwill haveto be repaid in 168monthly
8 KSHB Housing activities - an overview 31 .I2.1999,KSHB office.Thiruvananthapuram.

instalmentswith the interestof 14%.Underthe scheme during 1996-97to
12/99 sanctions were issued for the construction of 7733 units and the
construct~onof 6643 unitswere completed. The amount disbursedunder
the scheme during the period is4185.546 lakhs.
5.3.2. MIG Cash Loan Scheme:
Under MIG scheme maximum loan of Rs. 5,00,0001- is given for
constructinga house,the wst ofwhich is Rs.6,67,0001-.Theannual inwme
limit of people coming under this category ranges from Rs. 54,0001- to
Rs. 90,0001-.The applicantshouldhave at least4 cents of land in hisown
namefor availingthe loan assistance.The loanamount hasto berepaidin
108monthswith 15%interest upto 3 lakhs and 16%above 3 lakhs. Under
MIG scheme sanctions were issued for 6493 units during 1996-97 to
12/99 and 6383 units were completed. The expenditure incurred is
Rs.12,134.43lakhs.
5.3.3 HIG Cash Loan Scheme:
Under HIG scheme maximum loanof Rs. 15,00,000/- is given for
constructinga houseof the wst ofwhich is Rs. 15lakhs.The annual income
of the peoplecoming under this category should be above Rs. 90,0001-.
The rate of interestfor loan upto 10 lakhs is 16.5%and upto 15 lakhs is
18%andthe amount is to berepaidin 108monthly instalments.Duringthe
year 1996-97 to 12199 sanctions were issued for 1322 and 1446 units
completedand Rs.4412.4 lakhs were disbur~ed.~
9 Activities of KSHB op. cit

Weekly progress report of cash loan schemesfrom 1.4.95to21.I.96
are given inthe table.
Table 5.3.1
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes from 1.4.95 to 20.1.96
Name of ToQi ToQi No. of No. of Wim+ DMD MD Fiks ~ i k s~ndnl-~a Amaunt
Schsms No. of No of forms forms naly i d created psndig .d i i n s d
Forms forms rent to raceived cka- for I II Ill (Rs.
d d received advance from given i-- k+MW)
Advance tnn
EWS
(12,5001-) 10722 2850 2762 2651 2530 2175 2106 71 2210 2416 2376 296.31
EWS
(26.4001-) 93647 18404 17169 12984 10955 8733 4113 320 2797 777 457 359.96
TOTAL 1254721 260041 245561 19724 172361 141471 9124 581 1 78071 5714 518812578.04
Source: KSHB - Main office Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.3.2
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes -EWS

I Grand Total] 104365( 21254 199311 15635( 134851 109081 621q 391 1 5001 31931 28321 656.21
Table 5.3.3
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes - LIG
Name of Scheme LIG (55,000)
Total
Table 5.3.4
Weeklv Proaress R e ~ o r tof cash loan schemes - MIG
6747
given in--
tion
Name of Scheme MIG ( 1.OO.OC'O/-1 I
1488 1471
Trivandrum
KochI
Kozhikode
Total
139 1367
1094
1198
1946
4238
1104
370
357
623
1350
105 78 11271 11261 1153138658
364
357
621
1342
302
333
558
1193
290
341
447
1078
291
333
321
945
257'
351
283
891
13
26
20
59
317
267
275
854
307
277
262
846
317
227
794
313.00
250264.20
250.60
827.80

Nanie of Scleme WIG (1.75.000) - I
Tdal
recewed
Source KSHB - Marn office Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.3.5
Weekly Progress Report of cash loan schemes - HIG
No. ol
forms
sent to
3dvocate
Name of Scheme HIG (3,00.000/-)
Source: Kerala State Housing Board Office.
No. of
forms
received
from
Advnrlte
Intable No.5.3.1weekly progress report of various schemes under
cash loan schemes for the year 1995-96is given. The first column shows
the categor~esof income group with its maximum loan amount. The last
column in table I is the amount of loan disbursed by the Board for each
category of people EWS, LIG MIG and HIG are divided into two groups
Prelimi-
nary
clsaranco
given
DMD
issued
MD
e x ~ u l e d
Filer
pending
for
in--
,inn
Fount
burred
(Rs.
la&)
~ i l e rlnahiment p u
..
I II Ill

each accordingto the loan amount sanctioned. The loan amount ranges
from Rs 12.5001-to 3 lakhs. The total amount disbursedduringthe year
1995-96 1s 2578.08 lakhs. Thoughthe loan amount disbursed is larger in
MIGand HIGgroup,the number of housesconstructedbythe loanscheme
IS far greater in EWS and LIGgroup.
Table 5.3.2,5.3.3,5.3.4and5.3.5show the categories of persons
accordingto their income in the three important cities of the state where
the Houslng Board has its regional offices that is Thiruvananthapuram,
Koch~and Kozhikode.
In the EWS category 656.27 lakhs are disbursed out of the total
amount Rs. 2578.08 lakhs ie. 25%. The maximum number of applicants
and the maximum amount disbursed are in Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram
ranks second and Kozhikodethe last.
Inthe LIGgroup,the maximumamount disbursedis Rs. 539.26 lakhs
out of the total amount of Rs. 2578.08lakhs. This is again21Oh of the total.
So the lower strata of society received46% of the total amount disbursed
for houslng under cash loan schemes during the year 1995-96. In this
category also Kochi stands first to utilisethe maximum loan amount.
Table 5.3.4shows the MIGgroup inwhich the loanamount ranges
from 1 lakhto 1 75 lakhsthough the maximumloanamount isdisbursedto
mlddle Incomecategorythat is Rs. 942.95 lakhs out of Rs.2578.08lakhs
the total loan amount disbursed, the number of beneficiaries are more in
the lower Incomecategory both EWS and LIG.
In the h~gherincome group the loan amount ranges between
Rs 2 lakhs - 3 lakhs.The total amount disbursed is only Rs.439.60 lakhs
out of Rs 2578.08 lakhs ie. 17%of the total. So KSHB gives preference
for the houselessand the landlesspoor.

Table 5.3.6
Cash Loan Schemes
31.12.1999 Rs. in lakhs
Total
units
com-
pleted
12/99
15
147344
16596
10955
2949
1742
1364
981
211
%
15235
7
881
336
89
55495
Progress -
No. of
units
sanc-
tloned
16
7733
6493
1322
0
797
580
192
32
9985
2
0
0
0
0
Achievements durlngAchievements during
Units
cornpie.
teted
SI
No
Achievements durlng
No of
units
sanc-
tloned
10
36585
1715
1487
204
382
261
42
8
659
Ach~evementsduring
No of
u n ~ t s
sane-
tioned
7
39634
2010
1881
426
219
151
84
9
1733
Name of the
scheme
No of
unlts
sanc-
tloned
13
46748
1206
962
57
179
160
26
8
.
present govt
No of
"Its
com-
pleted
17
137391
6643
6383
1446
665
528
140
26
13942
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1998-99
No of
units
com-
pleted
11
42955
1858
1731
289
332
255
38
7
4522
E X
pendl-
ture
18
4289964
4185 55
12134.43
4412.4
0
252.42
819.81
315.21
87.1
1766 99
0.89
0
0
0
0
E x
pendl-
ture
6
663716
965.36
2162.33
13176
1.72
5.71
25.23
15.4
1042.79
0.89
1997-98
No of
unlts
corm
pleted
8
30487
1707
2076
663
114
105
33
9
3285
No of
u n ~ t s
sancc
tioned
4
50058
2802
2183
635
17
8
40
7
6993
2
Ex-
pend'.
ture
12
11920.85
1269.27
4036.05
1017.8
130.95
431.01
125
22.2
346.92
1999-2000
No of
units
com-
pleted
14
44708
1383
1221
77
216
162
26
6
301
Ex.
pendi.
ture
9
9662.08
1071.06
3339 45
1761.6
48.31
142.07
89 48
26.4
377.31
1996-97
No of
units
c o m ~
pleted
5
19261
1895
1355
417
3
6
43
4
5834
1
Ex-
pendi-
ture
15
14679.55173025
87986
2596.6
315.4
0
71.44
241.02
75.5
23.1
-
5/g9
2
EWSI Maithri HS
LiG Cash Loan Scheme
MIG Cash Loan Scheme
HiG Cast, Loan Scheme
Repair and RenewalEWS
R 8 R " LIG
Repair 6 RenewalMIG
Repair and Renewal HIG
MLMs MPls HS
FloodsLoen11992-
Scheme
Housing Scheme far
CG'S
Govi employees +
Tea H.S. LIG
God. Employees and
Tea MIG
Govl employee^ and
Tea HIG
Cwperalive H S
for EWS
3
9953
9953
4572
1503
1742
699
453
71
70
1293
6
681
336
89
55495

Table 5.3.6
---
Rs. in lakhs
Source:Housingactivities an ovemiw - Cashloanscheme -Kerala State Housing'Boardmain officeSanthi Nagar h)
2
SI
No Name of the schernt
Units
cornple.N~
I 5,99
3
17950
68
434
170977
26
21567
308
1
16
17
16
19
20
21
22
23
2
SASH for EWS
Hou~lngscheme far
Handloom Weavers
H S for Beedi worMerr
RehahilitallonH S
for EWS
H S for plantatton
workers
Kalrall Hauslng
scheme
WJHS suteldy
Jubllee Houslno
scheme
TOTAL
Ach~evernentsduring
1996-97
Of
un~ts
sanc-
tionec
4
42
298246
-
Achievements durtng
No of
unlts
corn-
pleted
5
42
No of
unlts
sanc-
tioned
7
21
224
I I I
62787
Ex-
pendi-
ture
con-
struct
6
14 47
46392
Ach~evementsdur~ng
1997-98
unlts
corn-
pleted
8
21
20
No of
units
sanc-
tioned
I 0
17
9
28661
No of
pendl-
ture
con-
struct
9
7 1
1 7 5 0 8
38520 )16699.9 41431 49366
Achlevernents dur~ng
1999-2000
12188 64
Ex-
1951424
1998-99
unlts
corn-
pleted
11
17
178
No of
units
s a n c
tioned
13- - - -
15
7
198989 167490
I
No of
pendl-
ture
con-
struct
12
5 7 4
206 45
I48147
Progress -
present govt
6731845 465736
I
pieted
12199
19
17950
68
434
170977
26
21567
403
230
-
Total
un~ts
corn-Ex
1691543
No of
u n ~ t s
corn-
pleted
14
15
32
No of
units
sanc-
tloned
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
322
8
Ex
p e n d i
ture
con-
struct
15- -~
5 25
27.11
No 04
units
corn-
pleted
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
230
Ex.
pendl-
ture
con-
struct
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
32 36
411 24

There are24 schemes under cash loan category schemes. Some
of the schemes are not continued after 1996. Numbers 1-11schemes in
the table have madesubstantial progressunder the present Government.
Its achrevements are remarkableover the years ie. from 1996 to 2000.
Among all,the mostoutstanding scheme is EWSlMaithriHousingScheme
which was introducedin 1996.The total number of units completed upto
1999-2000 is 147344. In the year 1996-97, the number of units in this
schemewas only 19261; it increasedto 30487 in 1997-98 and 42935 in
1998-1999 and 44708 in the year 1999-2000. The total expenditure
incurredfor Maithri HousingScheme alone is Rs.42899.84 lakhs ie. 64%
of the total expenditure ie. Rs. 67318.25.
5.3.4. Maithri House Building Scheme:
Maithri is the major economicallyweaker sectionhousingscheme
introducedin 1996,by renamingthe EWScash loanschemeof Rajiv one
Millionhousingscheme. During 1997-98and 1998-99the Boarddisbursed
a subs~dyof Rs. 118.84 crores till the end of October 1998 for the
constructionof 54838houses. Sincestartingof Maithri,81536 houseswere
assr~tedlconstructed.'~
Underthis scheme it is proposedto construct 1,00,000houses per
annum A personwhose monthly income does not exceed Rs.18001- and
owns land quotablefor constructinga house is eligible for getting a loan
assistancefor constructinga housecostingRs.30,OOOl-.Outof Rs. 30,0001-,
Rs. 19,0001-is loan,Rs.9,000/-Governmentsubsidy, Rs. 1,0001-voluntary
organisat~onscontributionand Rs.1,0001-beneficiary'sown contributions.
10 Kerala Econom~cReview, 1998, p.156-157.

The loan amount will have to be repaid in 168 instalments with
interest of 13.5%. Those who repay the instalments in time will get's
Governmentsubsidy of Rs.8.5% inthe interest.During 1996-97to 12/99
the Board disbursed loan assistance aggregating Rs. 42899.643 lakhs
for the construction of 173025 units out of which 137391 units were
completed.''
MaithriHousingScheme is a unique attempt of the Governmentof
Kerala to solve the acute housing shortage in the state especially of the
houselesspoor in rural and urbanareas. One lakh housesper year is the
mainobjective of this scheme. The Governmentof Keralahaveappointed
KSHBasthe NodalAgency to implementthis schemethroughoutthe state.
Th~sis a great and extensive people's movement in the housing
sector in Kerala.The presentGovernmentfocuses its attentionon shelter
for all by 2002. Government realisesthat India is the land of villages and
the basic necessitiesshould be made availableat the grass root level. To
achievethe goal of providingshelter for all by 2002 A.D, the Government
of Keralaand KSHBtogetherreachout to the economicallyweaker section
through village local bodies. To select the real eligible beneficiaries the
Government has requested the help of Panchayats and Municipalities,
voluntary agencies, religious and charitable organisations. KSHB has
receivedremarkablesupport and Co-operationfrom the local units. Many
voluntary agencieshave comeforward to sponsor the deservingfamilies.
Accordingly,525 Panchayats sponsored36500 familiestill 4/99.''
11 KSHB activitiesan overview1999, KSHB Office, Santhi Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram
12 KSHB Brochure - 'Mathri BhavanNirman Padhathi"0ffice of the Housing Commissioner,
Thiruvananthapuram.

5.4. Major Policy Decisions:(1992-1995)
KSHBhasevolvedseveral resultorientedschemesinorderto tackle
the houslngshortage in Kerala. KSHB pays greater attention to building
houses for the weaker sections of the society by giving interest subsidies
and by ralslng the rate of reservation in allotment under public housing
schemes in the case of SCIST. The functioning of KSHB is technically
updated The major policy decision taken during 1992-1995 are given
below
Introduceddirect purchaseof landthroughnegotiationwiththe land
owners Insteadof requisitionunder LandAcquisition Act. This has paved
the way to save exhorbitant compensation paidas well as saves time for
getting land value accountsfinalised at the earliest.
Exemptionsof stamp duty was approvedwhile land is purchased
directly bythe Board.
Exemptions of stamp duty was approved while realising the
mortgage deeds executedby the loanee.
5.4.4. Numberof instalmentsof loan disbursementsto beneficiarieswas
reducedfrom 4 to 3.
5.4.5. Reservationin allotment underthe publichousing schemesinthe
case of SClST was raisedfrom 7% to 10%andfor the working journalist
the resewat~onin allotmentwas made to the extent of 2%.
Steps were taken to computerise the Boards' accounts and other
allied matters through E.D.Psystem.

5.4.7. Boards' activities were decentralised by opening more divisional
offices at district level and branchoffices at Taluk level.
5.4.8. Special cell was constituted to finalise the scheme accounts and
realis~ngthe sale deed.
5.4.9. A special recovery cellwas constitutedand actiontakento improve
the collection of dues.
5.4.10. 5% interest subsidy for the beneficiariesbelongingto economically
weaker sections allowed.
5.4.11. The loan sanctions and disbursements system under various
schemes have been streamlined.
5.4.12. Effectivesteps were taken to implementthe Apartment Ownership
Act
5.4.13. Loanamount undervarious schemeswere increasedtwice during
the years 1992-1995.
5.4.14. Action taken to form HousingFinance Company.
5.4.15. Implemented the pay revision at par with central parity for the
employees and allowedsecretariat scale of pay.
The target of KSHB duringthe years 1992-95were ( I)Toformulate
and implement housingschemes mosteconomically, andconsideringthe
housingneeds of all sections of the society inatime boundmanner.(2) To
implementschemesin allthe majorregistrationcentres (3) To improvethe
facilities inthe existing housingcolonies andto redressthe grievances of
the allot tee^.'^
- -
13 KSHB Souvenrr, SilverJubilee 1995-96, reportof the adivities.

5.5. SOURCES OF FINANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES
DURING THE YEARS 1992-95:
Themainsourceofthefinanceof the Boardfor implementingvarious
housingschemes are Governmentof Kerala, HUDCO, HDFC, LIC, GIC,
Banks etc. The major financing agency is HUDCO which has been
extending strongfinancial supportto the HousingBoardduring the last25
years. 95% of the schemes of the Boardwas financed by HUDCO.
TheBoardachievedhighperformancelevelduringtheperiod1992-95.
Profit as per annualaccounts is given intable 5.5.1.
Table 5.5.1
Financial Performance of KSHB 1992-1995
Source KSHB - Silver Jubilee Souvenir - 1995 - 1996
Year
1992 - 1993
1993 - 1994
1994 - 1995
The Boardachieved6thpositionin profitabilityamongthe 101public
sector undertakingsin the state andstands fourth amongthose in Capital
investments. The Board could mobilise Rs. 200 crores for the various
schemes duringthe years 1992-95.The Board is prompt in repaymentof
loans and has no overduesto any institutions.
Profits(Rs. in crores)
4.01
5.56
6.2

1-heBoardcould computerise its major activities. The recoveryof
dues from allottees and loanees improved substantially during the year
1992-'95and Rs. 16croreswas collectedas arrears alone.The percentage
collect~onof dues also showeda steep increaseduringthe year 1992-95
due to the best effortstaken by the Boardin recoveryof dues.
Table 5.5.2 Table 5.5.3
Resourcemobilisationfrom
financial institutionsand
Government
(Rs in crores)
1991-1992
1992- 1993 43.95
1993 - 1994 53.46
1994- 1995
Repayment to
financial institutions
Source: KSHB - Silver Jubilee Souvenir - 1995 - 1996
Year
1991 -1992
1992- 1993
1993- 1994
1994- 1995
Table 5.5.2 shows the resource mobilisation from financial
institutions and Government. The year 1994-95 marks tremendous
increase in resource mobilisation. But on the other hand, the repayment
during this year is only Rs. 47.12 crores. The resource mobilisation
increasesfrom 53.46crores in 1993-94to 95.07 crores in 1994-95.
(Rs.in crores)
34.80
40.08
49.30
47.12
-
Major activities of the Boardduringthese years are.
5.5.1. Construction of houses Iflats and allotment to registrants under
public housingschemes.
5.5.2. Developmentof housesites and allotmentto registrantsunderthe
sites and development schemes.

5.5.3. Loan assistance to all categories of society for construction of
houses.
5.5.4. Constructionof office cum commercial complexes
5.5.5. Implementationof Government sponsored schemes.
5.5.6. Consultancyservices.14
5.6 RAJIV ONE MILLION HOUSING SCHEME (ROMHS):
The Rajiv One Million Housing Scheme, an ambitious housing
programme launchedon 17thSeptember, 1991by Governmentof Kerala,
aims to achievea target of One Million houses over a span of 5 years as
part of Government's acceptedgoal of achieving"Housingfor all by 2000
A.D. Kerala State Housing Board, being the premier housing agency of
the stateandforerunner in providingthe housingrequirementsofthe state
was nom~natedas the Nodal agency for the implementation of ROMHS.
The scheme implemented by all the housing agencies in the state during
these five years (1991-1995) come under the Rajiv One Million Housing
Scheme l5
Inth~sschemeprime importance is givento rehabilitatethe weakest
landlesssections livingonthe pavements, nearthe gutters, on Government
land,(puramboke) andto providehousesto otherweaker sections intheir
own land Apart from creatingnecessaryhousingfacilities for the people,
home upgradationand improvementof sanitationarealsoenvisagedunder
14 KSHB SilverJubilee Souvenir1995-96.
15 KSHB Silver JubileeSouvenir1995-96 Inaugurationof ROMHS by Sonia Gandhi,

this programme.To benefitpeople of differentwalks of lifetwelve projects
areformulated under the RajivOne Million HousingScheme.
The various schemes proposedto be implementedunder the Rajiv
One Million HousingScheme aregiven below.
Table 5.6.1
Schemes of ROMHS
Schemes
Housesto be
I constructed
I I in a year
Housingscheme for EWS in the rural areas
Housingscheme for EWS in the urbanareas
1 50,000
I Housingschemefor low income group
I 30,000
Housing scheme for middle incomegroup
I
I Houslngschemefor high income group
1 61900
Publlc housing scheme of Kerala State Housing
Board 1 1,150
Housingscheme for workingjournalist
I Houslngscheme for Gazettedofficers 1 300
I Houslngschemefor Non-residentindians 1 400
I Rentalhousingschemefor governmentemployees 1 1,200
San~tationimprovementscheme 50,000
TOTAL
I- 4,00,000
Homeupgradationscheme (one lakh housesand
others)
Source : A booklet on ROMHS, Kemla State Housing Board, Santhi nagar,
Thiruvananthapurm- 1991.
1,50,000

5.6.1. Salient features :
Houstngschemefor economicallybackwardweaker sectionin rural
and urbanareas.
5.6.1.1. Housing Complex:
HousingComplex, Comprising50 houses is beingbuilt in selected
200 Panchayatseach year. Theweakest of the weaker sectionssettled in
Road,thodu, Purambokeswill be the beneficiaries of the scheme. Every
year 10,000houseswere proposedto be constructed.
Ifthe landselectedfor the implementationof this scheme is owned
by Government,District Collectorswill informitsdetailsto the secretary, to
the HousingDepartment.Evenotherwise, ifthe land is ownedby private
individuals,the secretary, KeralaState HousingBoardwill formulatethe
scheme following the instructionsfrom the Government of Kerala. Even
though the responsibility of the constructionof housingcomplexesrests
on Kerala State HousingBoard, it can handoverit to NirmitiKendras,and
those voluntary organisations utiliSing their services in implementing
hous~ngschemes.The Kerala State HousingBoardwill inviteapplications
to find out voluntary organisations preparedto lendfinancial assistance
for th~sscheme
Voluntary organisationsshall bear the expenditureof the housing
complex fully or partially. In such cases a committee consisting of two
representativesfrom the concernedvoluntary organisations, Convenorof
grama sabha, (villageofficer), president of concernedpanchayat,andthe

representative of Kerala state Housing Board will shoulder the full
responsibilityof construction.The samecommitteehasthe powerto select
the beneficiaries of the scheme. To get the benefit of the scheme the
beneficiariesshouldhaveto submitapplicationstothe KeralaStateHousing
Board in the prescribed form. If a voluntary organisation is prepared to
adopt a housing complex fully, the right to select beneficiaries will be
bestowedwith that organisation.
Ifthe beneficiariesbear the full share of Rs. 2,5001-andmorethan
50 appl~cantsare there in one centre, the grama sabha will select the
beneficiariesfollowingthe criteria. KSHBwill determinethe beneficiaries
inthe mlni housingcomplexeswhere the applicantsare below50. Nirmiti
subcentreswill not be attachedwith such MiniHousingComplexes.
Ten thousandhouseswere proposedto be constructedunder this
scheme with a total cost of Rs. 22.50crores, of this 20 croreswill be loan
from HUDCO; Rs. 1.5 croreswill bemetbysubsidyandthe balanceamount
of Rupeesone crore is the share eitherfrom the beneficiariesor from the
voluntary organisations.
Houslng Complexes will have the facilities such as electricity,
drlnk~ngwater,nurseryschool, gardenandplayground.A productioncentre
of N~rmltlw~llbe attached with each and every housing complex. This
scheme rehabilitates the landlesspoorby providing land, shelter andjob
and thusfulfils the gram swarajconcept of Mahatmaji.The following table
gives the details of the housingcomplexes.

Table 5.6.2
Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received
from the government
Housing Complexes-
Si.
no^
1
Source : Booklet - ROMHS, KSHB Santhinagar; Thiruvananthapuram - 7991.
SI.
No.
1
2
Note: Loanamount, rate of interestand monthlyrepayment instalmentswill bedecided as perthe
stipulationof HUDCO and otherfinancialinstitutions. Repaymentof loanwith interest may
Item
Land
be begun from the next month of the completion of thebuilding or the next month of the
disbursement of the last loan instalmentwhichever isearlier.
1 2 1Buddrng 1245 sq fi
Beneficiary's
share
Rs. 1000
5.6.1.2. HousingScheme for Weaker Sections:
Area
Maximum
3 cents
The scheme proposes to construct housesfor weaker sections of
the society havinga piece of landof their own, but living in uninhabitable
settlements. The scheme is beneficial to those with atleast two cents of
landowned by them and have a monthlyincomeof Rs. 1250and below.
Source ; Booklet - ROMHS, KSHB Santhinagar; Thiruvananthapuram - 1991.
Table 5.6.3
-
Share of
voluntary
organisation
Rs. 1500
Rs.2500
Maximum
purchasing
price of the
land
Rs. 1500
per cent
RS.15000
Rs.12500
Total subsidy
Rs.2500
Rs.2500
Value of
developed
Plot obtain-
able to
beneficiary
after the
completion of
the scheme
RS. 7500
Subsidy adjustments
Rs. 1500will be deducted
from the beneficiary'sloan
Rs.1500will be returnedto
the voluntaryorganisation
as perthe beneficiary's
request
Rs.2500
Cost Of loan
amount
252
monthly
instalments
Initial
amount to
be invested
by the
beneficiary
himself or
With the
help of
voluntary
organisa-
tion
received
Repayment
period
(including
interest)
Remarks
Subsidy
Rs.1500
will be

Table 5.6.4
Housing Scheme for weaker sections
Source :ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn- 1991.
SI.
No.
1
Table 5.6.5
Modes of adjustments when the subsidy is received
from the government
Item
Land
Rs. 2500
Rs. 2500
Area
hrmhe
G--
mn( k
Rs.15000
Rs.12500
Share of
voluntary
organisation
Rs. 1500will be deducted
from the beneficiary's loan
Rs.1500 will be returnedto
the voluntary organisation
as perthe beneficialy's
Maximum
purchasing
price of the
land
RS.2500
Total subsidy
Source :ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapurarn- 1991.
Beneficiaries should possess his own landwith basic
facilities andwithout any liability
252
monthly
instalments
Subsidy adjustments
Note: Loan amount, rate of interest and monthly repaymentinstalmentswill be decidedas perthe
stipulation of HUDCO and other financial institutions. Repaymentof loanwith interest may
be begun from the next month of the completion of the building or the nefi month of the
disbursementof the last loan instalment whichever is earlier.
Value of
developed
plot obtain-
able to the
beneficiary
after the
completion of
the scheme
subsii
RS.IW
f a each
houbawill
be
received
Voluntary organisationspreparedto contribute Rs. 2500for each
housewill acceptapplicationsfor beneficiariesandtransfer themto village
of losn
officers.Voluntary organisationsshould handover their share of Rs.2500
to KSHB. The Boardwill later distribute this amount to the beneficiaries
lnltial
amount to
be ilvestad
by the
Deneficia
himself 2with the
help of
voluntary
organisa-
tion
Repayment
Period
(including
interest)
Ramarks

alongwith loaninstalments.However,thevoluntary organisationscanrender
this subsldy directly to the beneficiarieswith the concurrenceofthe KSHB.
The Board will grant cash loan in such cases also. The prescribed
application forms of this schemescan behadfrom all village offices. The
scheme ~ntendsto construct 90,000 houses in a year in all districts at a
total cost of Rs. 135crores. Total amount of loanwill be Rs. 112.50crores
and Rs. 13.50croresand Rs. 9 croreswill bethe subsidy andthe share of
beneficiariesor voluntary organisationsrespectively.
5.5.1.3. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Low Income Group:
The scheme assists personshavinga monthly incomeover Rs.1250
and a maxlmum of Rs. 2650for constructionof houses in the land owned
by them
Table 5.6.6
Cash Loan Housing Scheme for LIG
Source :ROMHS,KSHB,Jhiruvananthapuram, 1991
Kerala State Housing Boarddevelopmentauthorities, localbodies,
commercial banks,Agricultural DevelopmentBank and Housing Financial
Institutions are the agencies for selecting the beneficiaries and for
implementingthe scheme.Thescheme hasthe provisionof loanassistance
of Rs. 90croresfor the constructionsof 30,000houses in a year.
NO.
I
2
nm
Land
Building
Benefici-
ary.s
share
Area
Minimum
3 cents
267 sqft
Subsidycost
Loan
amount
Beneficiary shouldpossesshis own landwith basicfacilities
andwithout any liability
Total
amount
Rs 40000
Repayment
period
including
interest
Rs.10000
Remarks
Rs.30000 Rs.40000Nil 168 month

5.6.1.4. Cash Loan Housing Scheme for Middle Income Group:
The scheme benefits those having a monthly income of over
Rs 2650 and upto Rs. 4450 andgets loanassistancefor constructionof
houses inthew own land.The scheme provides loanassistanceof Rs. 600
crores for constructrng 60,000 houses in a year. KSHB, Development
authorit~es,local bod~es,Co-operativeBanks,Agricultural Development
Banks, HDFC, IndBank, Canfin Homes, LIC, GICetc. arethe implementing
agencles
Table 5.6.7
Cash Loan Scheme for Middle Income Group
Source :ROMHS, KSHB, Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.
Table 5.6.8
Cash Loan Scheme for High Income Group
'I.
No.
i
2
Source :ROMHS. KSHB. Thiruvananthapuram, 1991.
No.
I
2
The schemeenvisages provisionof loanassistanceto personswith
a monthly incomeof over Rs.4450for houseconstructioninthe plotowned
bythem
Item
Land
Building
nrea
Minlrnum
cents
680 sqft
Cost
ltem
Land
Building
Loan
amount
~ r e a
Mlnimum
cents
1585
Sq ft
BeneficiaryShouldpossess his own landwith basic facilities
Subsidy
Rs 135000
Loan
amount
Beneficiary's
share
Rs.lOOOOO
Subsidy
Beneficiary shouldpossess his own landwith basicfacilities
Repayment
period (including
interest)
Nil
Beneficiary's
share
-
Remarks
-
Rs.3.35
lakhs
Rs.35000
Repayment
period (including
interest)
Rs.1.35 lakhs
168 monthly
instalments
Remarks
Rs.200000 168 monthly
instalrnents
Nil

The scheme is intendedto provide loanof Rs. 138crores to 6,900
persons in a year for buildinghouses. The implementingagenciesare the
same asmentionedunderthecashloanhousingschemefor middle income
group
5.6.1.5. Public Housing Scheme:
Under this scheme KSHB acquires Ian d, develops it, constructs
housesandflats and allots them to the general publicbelongingto various
income groups. The target is to implement one project to construct 100
houses in each and every town and city in the state. Atotal of 1150houses
and flats are aimed to build with a total cost of Rs. 38.50 crores. Such
houses will be allotted purely on the basis of seniority, to the persons
registeredunderthe Registrationschemeof the Board.The allottee should
rem~ta prescribedamount as initial deposit andthe balanceamount is to
be paid in 168 instalments.
5.6.1.6. Housing Scheme for Working Journalists:
llnder the scheme specially meantfor the workingjournalists KSHB
acquires land,develops it, divides intodifferentsizes andthen allots them
to the beneficiarieseither with housesor plotsalone. The schemeaims to
constructfifty houses ina year,altogether250houses inafiveyear period.
Thetotal amount of loanto be raisedfrom thefinancial institutionsandthe
benefic~ar~es'share along with the subsidy enhancedfrom Rs.20,000 to
25,000 will be utilisedfor the implementationof the scheme.
Loan assistance varying from Rs. 30,000 to Rs. 2 lakhs may be
granted according to eligibility; income limit will be considered for the
constructionof houses intheir own plots.Total cost for the projectfor the

construction of 50 housesin a year is estimatedat Rs. 1.70crores. District
level wmm~tteeconsistingof the representativesof theworkingjournalists
and district collector as Chairman will select the beneficiaries. While
granting loans preference will be given to the working journalists who
applied for the loan schemes of KSHB. The final shapeof the schemewill
be preparedconsideringthe availabilityof landafter consultationwith the
representativesof workingjournalists.
5.6.1.7.Housing Scheme for Gazetted Officers:
The scheme intendsto construct300 housesin a year - 100units
each in Thiruvanathapuram,Kochiand Kozhikodeto the gazettedofficers
of the state.The cost of each including plot is estimatedto be 3.35 lakhs.
An amount of Rs. 2 lakhs will be the loan assistance from the financial
institutions The total projectcost for constructing300housesis Rs. 10.05
crores
5.6.1.8. Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:
A large number of Keralites working inforeigncountries are not in
a positionto own a house. Rajiv One Million HousingSchemeformulates
housing schemefor this section also. It is proposedto construct houses
as per the plansubmittedbythe beneficiariesonthe landspeciallyacquired
for them. The scheme envisages special housing colonies for Keralites
working abroad in each centre. The cost of each house with modern
facilities including the cost of developed land is estimated to be
Rs.7 lakhs.Of the total cost 60%will bethe loanassistanceandthe balance
of 40% is the beneficiariesshare. Under the scheme KSHBwill construct
400 houses in a year and the target is 2000 houseswithin a period of 5

years Loanassistance is to be raisedfrom financial institutionssuch as
IndBank, NationalHousingBankandHDFC.Theschemewillbeformulated
according to the conditions laiddownby these financial institutions.
The Keralites residing abroad are experiencing various practical
difficult~esinconstructinga houseoftheir own. Persons livingabroadand
whose constructionprogressinginthe homelandnot only resultsinheavy
financial lossesbut also endswith a housenot at all suitable to his image.
Takingthls intoconsideration,KSHBproposesto implement a schemefor
providingtechnicalassistanceandgiving supervisionfor the construction
work.
5.6.1.9.Rental Housing Scheme for Government Employees:
Housingfor Governmentemployees isalso a life issue. For easing
the accommodationproblemof the Governmentemployees, it is proposed
to construct eachrentalhousingunit inall Taluk headquarters.Eachunit is
estimatedto cost Rs.2 lakhs. A loan assistance of Rs. 1.15lakhs can be
raisedfrom HUDCOandthe balanceof Rs.85,000canbethe Government
share.All the availablepuramboke landwill be utilisedforthe same.
Total cost of the scheme is estimatedto be Rs. 24 crores for the
construction of 1200quarters ina year. Ten percentfrom the total costwill
be utilised for implementingBachelorslworkingwomen's rental housing
scheme.
5.6.1.lo.Home upgradation scheme: (includingone lakh houses)
Upgradationof existing houses is also an importantfactor along
with the constructionof new houses.A novelscheme isformulatedfor the

upgradationof houses builtover the one lakhhousingscheme inthe state.
It is proposedto spenda maximumamount of Rs. 4000for each unit. The
scheme is completely free from repayment. The estimate for the home
upgradation is to be prepared through the local bodies and the
maintenance not exceeding Rs. 4000 will be done. Rs. 3000 will be the
contribut~onfrom the localbodiesfrom their sharethrough sales of lndira
Vikas Patra.Governmentsubsidy is Rs. 10001-. The implementingagency
of the scheme is the local body. Voluntary organisation capable of
mobilising the required fund can also takeover the scheme with the
concurrence of the local bodies.
The benefiricariesentitledfor their home upgradationshould apply
inwhite paperwith details of the work. Onecopy of the applicationshould
besubmittedto the PanchayatExecutiveOfficerandthe other copyto the
village officer. The village officer will forward his copy to the KSHB. Then
the applicationshouldbesent totheAssistant Engineerinthe blockoffice.
The Assistant Engineer will Consolidate applications and prepare the
estimate. The Panchayat ExecutiveOfficer will executework by utilising
its share receivedfrom the sales of lndira Vikas Patra. Forthis purpose
an ImplementationCommitteewill beformedwith the Mayor or Municipal
Chairman or Panchayat Presidentas Chairman.
A maximumamountof Rs. 4000 asfinancial assistancewill begiven
for the renovation of houses to persons having a monthly income below
Rs. 10501- The beneficiaries are granted a loan assistanceof Rs. 3000
and a Government subsidy of Rs. 1000.KeralaStateUrbanDevelopment
Corporation is implementing this scheme through municipalities and
corporations. The total cost of the project is estimated to be Rs. 37.36
croresfor the renovationof 90,000houses ina year.

Under the special scheme formulated by the KSHB low income
group people can repair their housesat an estimatedcost of Rs.20,000.
Loanassistanceof Rs. 17000,will begranted. The balanceamount hasto
be made up by the beneficiaries as their own share. It is proposed to
include 20,000 houses under this scheme in a year with a total cost
amounting to Rs. 40 crores. Eligible persons can apply to the KSHBfor
availingthemselvesof the benefitofthe scheme.
5.6.1.11. SanitationlmprovementScheme:
A large number of the families coming under the economically
weaker sections are at present living in the most unhygeinic condition
without hav~ngsanitary facilities attached to their houses. Sanitation
Improvement Scheme is formulated to eradicate such poor conditions.
Underthis scheme it is proposedto providesanitary latrinewith bathroom
facility estimated to cost Rs.2500. The scheme envisages a central
Government subsidy of Rs.625under the Nehru Rozgar Yojana Scheme
and Rs. 1,875beingthe contributionfrom the voluntary agenciesandthe
local bodies from the proceeds of lndira Vikas Patra. The families
deserving to be the beneficiaries of this scheme should submit their
applicationto the local bodies.16
ROMHS is a comprehensive housingscheme which envisages to
bring all the Incomegroups underits purview.However, the emphasiswill
be on prov~dingfinancial assistance to weaker sectionsof societywith a
view to enablingthem to becomeowners of their own houses.
- -
16 KSHB Brochure - ROMHS salient features pp. 1-16

All the other programmesintendedfor various incomegroups will
be implementedwith the help of institutionalfinanceandthereforeno plan
provision 1s made for those programmes. It is estimated that all these
programmes in this massive housingscheme taken together will be able
to raise institutional finance of the order of Rs. 1000 crores during one
year l7
The following table gives the progressand achievementsof Rajiv
One Millton HousingSchemefrom its inceptiontill 3/96.
Table 5.6.9
Rajiv One Million HousingScheme Progress achieved as on 3196
17 Kerala Draft Eighth Five yarplan 1992-97 and annual plan 1992-93 Volume I State Planning
Boardp. 151, Thiwvananthapuram.

Name of agency
I
Thiruvananthapuram Development
Authority
IKottayam Development Authority
Greater Cochin Development
Authority
IKollam Development Authority
IKozhikode DevelopmentAuthority
IPalakkad DevelopmentAuthority
IAlappuzha DevelopmentAuthority
Kasargode DevelopmentAuthority
Kannur DevelopmentAuthority
Thrissur Development Authority
Kerala State Development
Corporation SCIST
ISC Development Department
1ST Development Department
IPWD (B8 LW)
Rural Development Department
Matsyafed
Sain~kWelfare
K U D F C
Upgradation of the OLDHS Repair
Sanitary facilities
CATEGORY : B
Police Housing Co-operative
Society

Source :Government of Kerala, Report of the Task force on housing, 1999
Fromthe table the researcherlearnsthat amongallthe categories
of the beneficiariesof Rajiv One Million HousingSchemes, EWSstands
as the largestgroupof beneficiary.The total numberofhouseswnstructed
underthis schemeis4,11,325. Outofwhich, EWSalone wmes to 3,06,055.
This amount is 75% of the total number of houseswnstructed. Again the
Lower Income Category gets 17,279 houses constructed. So EWS and
LIG together constitute 3,23,334 houses. It again shows that 80%of the

274
total number of houses constructed, goes to the poorer sections of the
society in Kerala. ROMHS has given a spurt in the housing scenario in
the state and hasenabledto reduceconsiderablythe housingshortage of
the landless poor in bothurbanandrural areas.'%
5.7. ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES:
The part being played by the Government and its agencies is
inadequate. Popular participation and the services of voluntary
organisations, Co-operative institutions, social, cultural and religious
organ~sationsetc. are the inevitable factors for the successful
implementationof Rajiv One MillionHousingSchemeandMaithriHousing
Scheme.A number of such organisationshavealreadycomeforwardand
promisedfinancialhelpandco-operationto implementthe schemes. Hence
it is found necessaryto clarifythe roleof voluntary agencies inthisfield.
The involvement of voluntary organisations isas follows:
To provide two or two and a half acres of land, free of cost at the
disposal of Kerala Sate Housing Board for the construction of housing
complexes
5.7.2. The scheme envisagesloan assistanceof Rs. 12,500Government
subsidy of Rs. 1,500,beneficiary'sshare of Rs. 1000for the construction
of a house costingRs. 15,000. InMaithrihousingscheme,the total cost of
the house is Rs. 30,0001- Rs.19,0001-as loanRs. 90001- as Government
subsidy, Rs.1000/- as the contribution of the voluntary agencies and
Rs. 10001-as beneficiary's own contribution.Voluntaryorganisationscan
utilisethew service in variousways inthis field.
- -
18 Govemmentof Kerala.9th Five Year Plan 1997-2002.Report of the Task Forceon Housing,

5.7.2.1. k contributes Rs. 1,500 inthose caseswhere beneficiariesare prepared
to remit their shares:
5.7.2.2. - contributes Rs.2,500 including the beneficiary's share inthose cases
where beneficiariesare incapableof remittingtheir shares;
5.7.3. - takes the repayment responsibility of loan assistance either fully or
partially. Monthly or yearly instalments conditioned by the financial
institutionscan be remittedfor the beneficiaries;
5.7.4. - takes over the constructionwork underthe scheme:
5.7.5. - adopts housing complexesbeing constructedin panchayatsand also
adopts any numberof housesmeantfor theweaker sections;
5.7.6. Voluntary agenciesand individualsare allowedto designate the adopted
housingcomplexes beingestablishedin panchayatsinorder to rehabilitate
the landlessand the homeless poor.
5.7.7. Voluntary organisationscanutilisetheir servicesin implementingthe Home
upgradation scheme of one lakh houses along with local bodies by
contributing an amount of Rs.40001-.
5.7.8. The voluntary organisationscan adopt fully the upgradationwork of one
lakh housrngcolonies and housesof weaker sections.
5.7.9. Individualsalso cantake overthese activities
5.7.10. Individuals can contribute the beneficiary's share of Rs.1,875/- fully or
partically out of the total cost of Rs. 2,500 estimatedfor the executionof
sanitation improvementpr~gramme.'~
19 KSHB Rajiv One MillionHousing Scheme Brochure Booklet pp. 20-23.

The tradition of a village community, the tendency to identifywith
the people of a village on their own and to think of the common goodof a
village has beenstrong in India.Butthis hasbeenmanedto a largeextent
by economic inequality and social discrimination. When voluntary
organisationsstart workingfor social changeandthe upliftmentof the poor
by enabling them to meet the basic necessities of life, the whole village
community will be strengthened and awakened. Housesfor all will help
them to realisetheir dream of owning a houseandto recogniseself worth
and dignity as the members of the same villagecommunity. Inthe present
century the role of voluntary agencies are inevitable. The schemes are
divided by the Government, but it reachesthe commonmanthroughthe
voluntary agencies.20
5.8. NEW STRUCTURE FOR THE STATE HOUSING BOARDS:
The urbanaffairsministryandHUDCOhaveinitiatedajoint exercise
toformulatea newstructurefor the State HousingBoards.The newstructure
would enable them to operate like companies, without at the same time
sacrific~ngthe various benefitsthey presentlyenjoyedas statutory state
agencles
The new initiativefollows a conferenceof statehousingsecretaries,
andhouslngcommissionersheldbythe urbanaffairs Ministryand HUDCO.
The conference was organised to deliberate on the report of a
comprehensivestudy on restructuringof housingagenciescommissioned
bythe HUDCOthrough Times ResearchFoundationCalcutta, onbehalfof
the m~nrstry.
20 'FRONTIER7- A weekly publication - Calcutta - Bharat Dogra Jan. 31, Feb. 5 , 1999. DISHA-
'Breaking Discrimination."

The participantsfrom the states hadconcededthatthe legislations
that were presently governing the Housing Boards have outlived their
purposeand agreedthat the enactmentswhich were formulatedway back
In 1960srequiredto undergoa total reorientationor even rewrittena fresh,
particularly slnce the roleof the Boardwas now moreof a facilitator than a
prov~der
They also acknowledgedthat the presentstatutoryformat suffered
from several serious limitationssuch as lack of adequate powersto raise
resourcesand provisionsto enableforgingof partnershipwith private, Co-
operatlve and community sectors, besides a general lack of functional
autonomy
Butat the sametime,theyfelt, that the Corporatisationofthe housing
boards, as suggestedby the study may not provide a complete answer.
Though it would address these problems, the Companyformat, they felt
would deprivethe housingboardsof the variousbenefitsthey enjoyednow,
particularly in respect of powersfor landacquisition, landassembly and
for enabllng recoveriesandencroachmentcontrol.
Theconferencethereforeconcludedthattherewasa needtodovetail
the best of provisionsof a companyformat, with those available underthe
present state statutory format, so that the HousingBoards were able to
effectively address the emergingrequirementsof faster housingdelivery
and Increasedrelianceonthe marketfor mobilisingfinancial resources.
7Bk1ngcongnisanceof the views of the conference, the Ministryand
HUDCOhavedecidedtotry andwork outa hybridformat, andhasentrusted
this exercisealso to the Times ResearchFo~ndation.~'
21 Shelter Vol 2 April 1999. "DreamHome ataffordable cost. p.13. Hindudaily 14.3.1999.

5.9. NEW TRENDS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF KSHB:
The Housing Board depends mainly on institutional finance for
implementing their housing programmes. At the same time the Board
requiresseedcapitalto serve asa bufferfinanceto makegoodthe shortfalls
in institutional finance raised by the Board for its various housing
programmes.This seed capital is providedintheform of publicborrowing."
Loansfrom HUDCO is the major sourceof finance for KSHB. But
HUDGO loans are not available to all the housingschemes of the Board
because of certain rigid norms followed by them. For meeting such
requirements HousingBoardhas to get finance from other agencies."
KeralaState HousingBoardisthe majororganisationimplementing
a number of housing programmes which cater to the requirementsof
various lncome groups. The two important schemes being implemented
bythe Boardduring 1989-90are the publicHousingscheme andthe Cash
Loanscheme.During 1989-90,172buildingsunderpublicHousingscheme
and78flats underRentalHousingSchemewereconstructedbythe Housing
Board. Under Low lncome Group Housing, Cash Loans of a maximum
amountof Rs.20,000aregiventopeoplewhose monthlyincomeis between
Rs 701-1500 at an interestrateof 9%. ForMiddle lncomeGroup housing,
the maximumloanamount is Rs.60,000at the rateof interest 12.5%.During
1989-90, 1609 loans under LIG and 287 loans under MIG schemes are
given. The Housing Boardalso receivedRs.2983 croresfrom HUDCOfor
meetingthe loancomponentof thevariousHousingschemesimplemented
by the Boardincluding RehabilitationHousingscheme.z4
22 Draft Sixth five yearplan 1980-85 and annual plan 1981-82 Vol. I Kerala State Planning
Board,Thi~vananthapurarn,p. 180.
23 Government of Kerala annual plan proposals. 1988-89, State Planning Board,
Thiruvananthapurarn,p.209.
24 GommeMofKerala,EamnnicReview 1990, StatePlanningBoard,Thiruvananthapurarnp.129.

Durlng the year 1992-93, the Board had constructed822 houses
under publ~cHousing scheme and extended loan assistance to 1986
houses under cash loan scheme. Out of this 997 loans and 129 loans
respectively were distributed to low Income Groups and Economically
weaker sections. Further60 housesfor Beediworkers and 19housesfor
handloom workers were constructed. Besides, 5693 houses were
constructedunder Kairali HousingSchemethroughthe District Collectors.
The Board raised Rs.39.78crores from various financial institutions for
the implementationof the housingschemes.25
As on 31.3.1994, the Housing Board has constructedlextended
assistance for the constructionof about 2.85 lakh houses under various
schemes. During April to October 1994, the Board has extended
ass~stancelconstructed13831 houseslflats. Public HousingScheme and
cash loanscheme arethe majorones implementedby the HousingBoard.
During 1993-94, 188 housesandfrom April to October 1994,180houses
were constructedunder the PublicHousingScheme. During1993-94, Cash
Loan was extended to 4628 persons, and out of which 2830 were for
econom~callyweaker sections and 937 were for low income groups.
Besides loanfacilitieswere extendedto2997 personsfromAprilto October
1994. Out of which 1907 loansfor economicallyweaker sections and660
loanswere for low incomegroups. Underthe scheme HousingComplexes
in Panchayatsassistancewas extendedfor the constructionof 996 houses
durlng 1993-94 and for 726 houses from April to October 1994. Further
8879 houseswere also constructedunderKairali HousingSchemeduring
this period. Constructionof housesfor the flood victims are in progress
and it is expectedto complete 1293 units by 3196.
Dur~ngthe period 1990-91to 1993-94,the KSHB hasraisedabout
Rs.184 crores. The Kerala State Co-operative Federation raised more
25 GomntofKBlilla,EwmmicRevRw,1993.StatePlanningBoard,Thi~vanaIIthapltZJm,p. 132.

than Rs 177crorestill March1994fromthevery inceptionof the Federation.
Dur~ng1993-94, the Kerala State Housing Board and Kerala State Co-
operatwe Housing Federation together have raised more than Rs. 56
crorestor housingactivities in the State.z6
As on 31.3.1995,the Boardhasconstructedlassistedmorethan 3
lakh houses.Duringthe periodApril 1995to December 1995,6996house
projectshave been supported.z7
1-heKerala State Housing Board implemented28 schemes and
assistedthe construction of 3.14 lakh housesupto 31.3.1996. DuringApril
1996 to December 1996, 19098 houses were constructed through its
various schemes. During 1995-96 the Board received Rs. 74.23 crores
as loanfrom HUDCOfor implementingthe housing
Thefollowingtableshowsthe loan disbursement of KSHBfrom 1995
to 2000 The data are expressed basedon the incomecategory.
Table 5.9.1.
Disbursementof loan by KSHB based on Income
Rs. in lakhs
Source: Hous~ngBoard, HeadOffice, SanthiNagar, Thiruvananthapuram
26 GovernmentofKerala, EconomicReview, 1994. State PlanningBoard,Thi~vananthapuram,
p. 186.
1995-1996
27 EconomicReview, 1995, State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram,p. 156.
28. Kerala EconomicReview, 1996.State PlanningBoard,Thiruvananthapuram,p. 145
1996-1997
6637.16
967.08
2168.04
1343.72
EWS
LIG
i MIG
I
1 HIG
-
1342.40
678.28
1229.90
649.80
1997-1998
9662.08
1119.37
3481.52
1851.08
1998-1999
11920.85
1400.22
4675.51
1142.80
1999-2000
14679.55
951.30
2865.33
390.90

Figure 5.9.1
Disbursementof loan by KSHB based on Income category
LlG
1

S~ncethe data for year 1999-2000 are not complete, the
comparison is madeonly with other years. There is a cumulativeincrease
in the disbursement of loan over the yearsfrom 1995to 1999. EWS loans
disbursed are raised from Rs. 1342.40 lakhs in 1995-96 to RS. 14679
lakhs in 1999March.The loan amount for LIGis lower comparativelywith
the year 1999-2000.MIG loan has increasedfrom Rs. 1229.90lakhs in
1995-96to Rs.4675.51 lakhsin 1998-99. HIGloan amount disbursedwas
Rs.649.80 lakhs in 1995-96was raisedto Rs. 1142.80 lakhs in 1998-99.
As there is increase in housing demand in the state, disbursement of
housing loanfrom KSHB also increasedsimultaneously.This shows the
awarenessand needfor solvingthe housingprobleminthe stateand also
their awareness of the grave responsibility vested on these financial
institut~onsand act accordingly.
5.10. ACTIVITIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF KSHB FROM 1996-2000:
Considering the achievements of Kerala State Housing Board
especially in the housing activitiesfor the economicallyweaker sections,
formulation of innovative schemes, financial discipline, profitability and
overall performance, the KSHB was thrice honoured for the award for
excellenceby HUDCOduring 1992-93,94-95 and 95-96.
The activities of KSHBand itsover all performance inthefinancing
of hous~ngIS given insplit upform as on 30.11.1999.

5.10 ACTIVITIES OF KSHB - 1996-2000 MINISTRY
List of Schemes Completed during 1
Kattappana Site - I
lrumpanam
Medical College - Phase - I1
Chalakudy Stage - II
Palai - HAS - site - I
Thodupuzha - HS - Site - I
Koovappadi - HAS
Kuruva HAS
Elamkulam East HAS
Table 5.10.1
Layout Housing Scheme
Name of Scheme I PWB I FLAT 1 PLOT [TOTAL
List of Schemes Completed during 1996 -9'7
Total
List of Schemes Completed during
Medical College HS- Stage -I Ph.lll
Vadakara HAS
Chevayur HAS
Mulamkunnathukavu II(Part - I)
Nettayam HAS
GuruvayoorHAS
Akathethara HAS 46 -
Total 235 12
Kozhencherry (Extn)
Elamkulam East (Nevy - 1)
Chirackal
Thiruvalla Stage - I1(Kattilpurayidam)
Velloor
Total
List of Schemes Comp!eted during 1
Chirackal flats
Thodupuzha Site I1
Total 15 16
-
60
-
-
-
60
8
-
19
-
27
Source :Hous~ngBoardhead office, Santhinagar, 2000
-
-
68
33
101
Total un~tscompleted
8
60
19
68
33
188
469 118 128 715

Total
I I
7264.72 1 229 1 520 1 3 1 752
Source KSHB headoffice, Thiruvananthapuram
Table 5.10.2
Layout of Schemes in progress
Table 5.10.3
Proposed Public Housing Schemes
Name of Scheme
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM DIST.
Pattoor (SO NRI)
Balaramapuram
PATHANAMTHITTA DIST.
Pathanamthitta HAS
KOTTAYAM DIST.
Kanjirappally HAS
ERNAKULAM DIST.
Thrikkakara HAS (40 NRI)
P e ~ m b a v o o rHAS
THRISSUR DIST.
MulamkunnathukavuStage I1
Pullazhy HAS Stage II
PALAKKAD DIST.
Ottappalam HAS
WYANAD DIST.
Meenangadi
Ambalanagar Extn.
Jagath (NRI)
PATHANAMTHITTA DIST.
Cherukole
Ranni
ALAPPUZHA DIST.
S.D. Pharmacy
Cherthala Site I- Stage II
Cherthala Site I - Stage I1
Valavanad
KOTTAYAM DlST.
Erumeli
Palai Site I1
Changanasseri - ll
Kanjirappalli - I1
Ayarkunnam
Proj. Cost
1393.12
2307
179.74
338.34
1218.64
226.79
472.18
527.24
429.63
172.04
PWB
-
21
33
70
15
67
23
FLAT
148
184
44
80
64
PLOl
3

Source KSHB Head Office, SanfhiNagar; Activities o fKSHB 1999-2000
5 10.4 Rental Housing Scheme:
Table 5.10.4.1
List of completedschemes
Name of Scheme
IDUKKI DIST.
Katlappana - site ll
PeerurneduHS
Vazhathoppe HS
ERNAKULAM DIST.
Kaloor
Njarackal
Choondi
KumaranasannagarCRC
THRISSUR DIST.
Chalakudi
Asokanagar
Ayyanthole
Pullut HS
PALAKKAD DIST.
Puthussery HS
KOZHIKODEDlST
Medical College Stage II
MedicalCollege HS- Stage Ill
ChevarambalamCRC
East Hill CRC
MALAPPURAMDIST
Manjen
WYNAD DlST
SulthanbatheriCRC
Mananthavady
during 1997-98)
Total
I 42 (FLATS)
Source KSHB HeadOffice, SanfhiNagar; Thiruvananfhaputam.
I Name of Scheme I Total Units
Table 5.10.4.2
PWB
35
12
96
Perumbavoor
List of schemes in progress
Rs. in labs
Name of Scheme I Total Units I project cost I
PLOT
-
-
FLAT
24
51
30
50
16
6
96
7
42 (Comdeted
I Palakkad RHS 1 78 flats 1 294.38 1
Pro.
- .bU31
433.2:
239.67
333.4e
49.22
794.4
Source . Activities o f KSHB 1999-2000

Table 5.10.4.3
List of Schemes to be implemented
Name of Scheme I Total Units I Project Cost
5.10.5 Working Journalist Housing Scheme:
RHS Kuttanalloor
RHS Kasargode
RHS Poojappura
Total
5.10.5 1 L ~ s tof completed Schemes
NCC Road, Tvm - 54flats (Completed during 1999-2000)
Source Actrvities of KSHB 1999-2000
78
60
160
298
5.10.6 Housing Scheme for Non-Resident Indians:
436.38
222.73
272.79
931.9
Table 5.10.6.1
Scheme completed exclusively for NRI
50
Source :Activities of KSHB 1999-2000
r Name of Scheme
Mulamkunnathukavu
Table 5.10.6.2
No. of Units
(PWB - Completed
during 1998-99)
NRI Schemes in progress
Pattoor
Thnkkakara
T D Road
Total
50 (Flats)
40 (Flats)
12 (Flats)
104Units
Source Activities of KSHB 1999-20m

5.10.7. Housing Complexes (ROMHS):
Table 5.10.7.1
Details of completed units of ROMHS
Source Act~vrtresof KSHB 1999-2000
Name of Scheme (Panchayath)
ALAPPUZHA DlSTRlCT
Chett~kulangara
PATHANAMTHITTA DISTRICT
Palltckal
KOTTAYAM DISTRICT
Moon~lavu
Neendoor
Kozhuvanal
THRISSUR DISTRICT
Panacherry
Kondazhy
Puthukad
PALAKKAD DISTRICT
Nalleppullll
Muthalamada
Malarcode
Keralassery
KOZHIKODE DlSTRlCT
Puthuppad~
Vanlmel
KANNUR DISTRICT
Naduvll
KASARGODE DlSTRlCT
Kodembelur
Total
-
Units completed
20
31
20
5
10
2
15
13
5
5
20
20
12
16
1
10
205 Units

288
Table 5.10.7.2
Details of completed units during 1997-98
Pallickal
WAYANAD DISTRICT
Thariyod
KOZHIKODE DISTRICT
Peruvayal
Source Act~vitiesof KSHB 1999-2000
Total
No, of units completed during 1998-1999 Nil
No. of units completed during 1999-2000 Nil
~p ~p - ~
45
Table 5.10.7.3
Details of Housing Complexes in Progress
TRIVANDRUM DISTRICT
Navalkkulam
Pallickal
ERNAKULAM DISTRICT
Mudakkuzha
THRISSUR DISTRICT
Puthukkad
PALAKKAD DISTRICT
Lakkid~perur
Karimba
Muthalamada
KOZHIKODE DISTRICT
Thiruvampady
Thariyode
Peruvayal
WAYNAD DISTRICT
Meppadi
KANNUR DISTRICT
Mangattidom
Total
Source - Activities of KSHB 1999-2000

5.10.8. Office cum Commercial Complexes
5.10.8.1. List of completedCommercialComplexes:
Thiruvampady,Alappuzha (Completed during 1996-97)
5.10.8.2 Commercial Complexesin progress:
Balaramapurarn,Thiruvananthapuram
~ a t t a ~ ~ a n a
Thrikkakara
5.10.8.3 Proposed Commercial Complexes:
PT Chacko Nagar CRC
Marutharnkuzhy
Thr~v~kramangalam
Pattom
Kaloor
Kumaranasan Nagar CRC
Choond~
Chalakudi
Chengala
East Hill
Ch~rackal
Chevarambalam CRC
Thottada
Nell~code
Malapparamba CRC
5 10.9 Revenue Towers :
5.10.9.1 Revenue Towers in Progress:
Nedumangad
Adoor
Thiruvalla
Kothamangalam
Ernakulam
Changanassery
5.10.10 Working Women's Hostel
5.10.10.1 Scheme completed :
Working Women's Hostel, Gandhinagar, Kottayam
5.10.10.2 Scheme in progress :
Working Women's Hostel,Muttom,Thodupuzha

5.10.11 DepositWorks
5.10.11.1Completed Schemes:
RevenueInstitute,PTPNagar,Thiruvananthapuram
(Completedduring 1999-2000)M
The NationalHousingand Habitatpolicy 1998,callsfor launchinga
Hous~ngRevolutionagainst allimpedimentswhichhavehinderedthe growth
of hous~ngstock andto achievethe universaltarget of Housingfor all and
to ensure sustainable development of Housing and Habitat. The policy
through the National Agenda, declares Housingfor all as a priority area
and dec~desto focus on the housing needsof citizens in general and that
of the poor and the deprived in particular.This Newpolicywas evolvedby
the Government of lndia inAugust 1994.
Houslngactivity hasbeenacceptedas anenginefor the substantial
generation of employment and revival of Indian economy. It is accepted
that the onlyway lndiacancomeout of Industrialrecessionistogive impetus
to housingactivity on a massivescale to be spreadover the entire length
andbreadthof the country.To achievethis housingpolicyaimsat removing
all legaland administrative impedimentswhich stand inthe way.
It re-ernphasisesthe roleof Government as afacilitator. It aims at
creatingandenablingenvironment inwhich privatesector canoperatemore
effectively and efficiently. It seeks to persuadethe privatesector through
flscal concessionsand other incentivesto take up largerresponsibilityin
the housingsector. Howeverdirect involvementof the Government would
cont~nuefor the benefit of poor and deprived in order provide shelter for
them 3'
~- ~ ~
30 Activitiesof KSHB- 1999- 2000, Monitoringcell KSHBmainoffice SanthiNagar,Trivandrum
31 Shelter Vol. I No.2,April 1999."NationalHousingandHabitatPolicy, 1998-Step inthe right
direction J.K. Gupta Senior Town Planners, Panjab Urban Planning and Development
Authority, SAS Nagar, p. 22-23.

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