The document describes the Supermadi Hydroelectric Project located in Nepal. It has an installed capacity of 44 MW and utilizes the flow of the Madi River. Key project features include an intake weir, two underground settling basins, a 5.9 km headrace tunnel, a surge tank, and a 1.38 km penstock feeding three Pelton turbines in the powerhouse. The document also discusses the internship tasks performed by students including site visits, drawing reviews, and tunnel construction observations like the drilling, blasting, mucking, and rock support installation cycle.
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessityShashank Gaurav
This document discusses tunnel construction methods and planning. It describes the main types of tunnels based on application and construction method. The key construction methods covered are cut-and-cover, pipe jacking, shield tunneling, New Austrian tunneling method, and immersed tube tunneling. For each method, the document outlines the construction sequence, advantages, and disadvantages. Proper planning stages including investigations and alignment selection are also emphasized.
This presentation summarizes tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in 3 sentences:
TBMs are large mechanized excavators used to bore tunnels with a circular cross-section through various ground materials, working by grinding material at the cutting face and transporting it back for removal. Their development began in the 19th century to enable efficient, large-scale tunnel construction through both soft ground and hard rock. Modern TBMs can efficiently excavate tunnels ranging from 1 to 19 meters in diameter for uses including transportation, utilities, and hydroelectric projects.
A casting yard is where concrete structures like segments, parapets, and beams are cast for bridges and viaducts. It must be easily accessible from project sites and have 25-40 acres of land. Concrete elements are cast using long-line or short-line methods, cured, and then transported to worksites. Quality control includes geometry control during casting and testing of concrete slump, setting time, and compressive strength. Precast concrete has higher quality control compared to cast-in-place concrete.
This document discusses the cone penetration test (CPT), a method for obtaining direct measurements of soil properties and parameters. It describes the mechanics of the CPT, including the use of a cone penetrometer pushed into soil at a steady rate to measure tip resistance and sleeve friction. The document outlines different types of cones (mechanical, electric, piezocone) and provides examples of how CPT data can be used to characterize soil types and properties with depth and estimate parameters like bearing capacity, shear strength, and settlement. CPT allows accurate profiling of soil stratigraphy and is useful for foundation design, seismic evaluations, and other geotechnical applications.
This document provides information about tunnel construction using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). It discusses the various steps of NATM tunneling including drilling, blasting, mucking, shotcreting, installing lattice girders and rock bolts, and ventilation. NATM is advantageous for tunneling in soft ground as it monitors rock deformation and designs support structures accordingly. The document outlines the typical sequence of NATM tunnel construction and importance of factors like geology and ventilation.
The document provides an overview of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). It discusses the history and definition of NATM, its broad principles which include mobilizing the strength of the surrounding rock mass, using shotcrete for protection, measurements and monitoring, and installing a primary lining. The procedure for NATM involves first shotcreting the excavated area for primary lining, adding wire mesh and lattice girders, installing rock bolts, and then applying a secondary shotcrete lining. 3D monitoring uses optical targets to accurately determine tunnel alignments and check for any displacements or incorrect alignments. NATM is currently being used widely on railway tunnel projects in Kashmir, India.
Griffin specializes in dewatering and groundwater control for challenging construction projects using techniques like wells, wellpoints, and relief wells to separate water from soil and control groundwater levels. Proper dewatering is important as it allows for safer and more efficient construction by improving soil properties and intercepting water, while improper dewatering can have consequences like unstable excavations and increased costs. The document then provides details on dewatering methods, considerations for selecting a system, and several case studies of Griffin's dewatering work on large infrastructure projects.
This document provides an overview of tunnel engineering. It defines a tunnel as an underground passage for transport. Tunnels are constructed to reduce transport distances and costs, provide underground transport systems, and offer safety during warfare. Tunnels can be rectangular, elliptical, circular, or horseshoe-shaped depending on purpose and conditions. Soft ground tunnels are excavated manually while hard rock uses explosives. Construction methods include forepoling, linear plates, and needle beams depending on terrain. Proper ventilation, drainage, and lining are required for safety and stability during and after construction.
tunnelling scope, construction techniques and necessityShashank Gaurav
This document discusses tunnel construction methods and planning. It describes the main types of tunnels based on application and construction method. The key construction methods covered are cut-and-cover, pipe jacking, shield tunneling, New Austrian tunneling method, and immersed tube tunneling. For each method, the document outlines the construction sequence, advantages, and disadvantages. Proper planning stages including investigations and alignment selection are also emphasized.
This presentation summarizes tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in 3 sentences:
TBMs are large mechanized excavators used to bore tunnels with a circular cross-section through various ground materials, working by grinding material at the cutting face and transporting it back for removal. Their development began in the 19th century to enable efficient, large-scale tunnel construction through both soft ground and hard rock. Modern TBMs can efficiently excavate tunnels ranging from 1 to 19 meters in diameter for uses including transportation, utilities, and hydroelectric projects.
A casting yard is where concrete structures like segments, parapets, and beams are cast for bridges and viaducts. It must be easily accessible from project sites and have 25-40 acres of land. Concrete elements are cast using long-line or short-line methods, cured, and then transported to worksites. Quality control includes geometry control during casting and testing of concrete slump, setting time, and compressive strength. Precast concrete has higher quality control compared to cast-in-place concrete.
This document discusses the cone penetration test (CPT), a method for obtaining direct measurements of soil properties and parameters. It describes the mechanics of the CPT, including the use of a cone penetrometer pushed into soil at a steady rate to measure tip resistance and sleeve friction. The document outlines different types of cones (mechanical, electric, piezocone) and provides examples of how CPT data can be used to characterize soil types and properties with depth and estimate parameters like bearing capacity, shear strength, and settlement. CPT allows accurate profiling of soil stratigraphy and is useful for foundation design, seismic evaluations, and other geotechnical applications.
This document provides information about tunnel construction using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). It discusses the various steps of NATM tunneling including drilling, blasting, mucking, shotcreting, installing lattice girders and rock bolts, and ventilation. NATM is advantageous for tunneling in soft ground as it monitors rock deformation and designs support structures accordingly. The document outlines the typical sequence of NATM tunnel construction and importance of factors like geology and ventilation.
The document provides an overview of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). It discusses the history and definition of NATM, its broad principles which include mobilizing the strength of the surrounding rock mass, using shotcrete for protection, measurements and monitoring, and installing a primary lining. The procedure for NATM involves first shotcreting the excavated area for primary lining, adding wire mesh and lattice girders, installing rock bolts, and then applying a secondary shotcrete lining. 3D monitoring uses optical targets to accurately determine tunnel alignments and check for any displacements or incorrect alignments. NATM is currently being used widely on railway tunnel projects in Kashmir, India.
Griffin specializes in dewatering and groundwater control for challenging construction projects using techniques like wells, wellpoints, and relief wells to separate water from soil and control groundwater levels. Proper dewatering is important as it allows for safer and more efficient construction by improving soil properties and intercepting water, while improper dewatering can have consequences like unstable excavations and increased costs. The document then provides details on dewatering methods, considerations for selecting a system, and several case studies of Griffin's dewatering work on large infrastructure projects.
This document provides an overview of tunnel engineering. It defines a tunnel as an underground passage for transport. Tunnels are constructed to reduce transport distances and costs, provide underground transport systems, and offer safety during warfare. Tunnels can be rectangular, elliptical, circular, or horseshoe-shaped depending on purpose and conditions. Soft ground tunnels are excavated manually while hard rock uses explosives. Construction methods include forepoling, linear plates, and needle beams depending on terrain. Proper ventilation, drainage, and lining are required for safety and stability during and after construction.
Tunnels can be constructed using various methods depending on factors like geological conditions and the length and diameter of the tunnel. Traditional methods include cut-and-cover where a trench is excavated and covered, drill-and-blast where explosives are used to break rock, and the use of tunnel boring machines. The New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) employs flexible supports and monitoring to optimize reinforcement based on the rock type. It relies on conserving the inherent strength of the surrounding rock mass.
This document provides an overview of the hydraulic design considerations for barrages. It discusses key aspects of barrage design including sub-surface flow calculations to determine seepage pressure, force, and exit gradients. It also covers surface flow hydraulics to determine the waterway length. Critical design elements like cut-offs, scour depth, block protections are explained. Emphasis is given to ensuring safety against piping failure and sand boilling. The document concludes that model studies are necessary before prototype construction due to uncertainties in soil properties.
This document summarizes the construction of Delhi's first cable-stayed Signature Bridge across the Yamuna River. The 675-meter long bridge will connect North and East Delhi and feature 8 lanes of traffic. Construction is being led by Gammon India, Empresa Construction Brasil, and Tensacciai and involves casting concrete foundations, erecting a 154-meter tall pylon with stay cables, and installing reinforcement and girders. Extensive testing and 104 sensors will monitor the bridge's structural response once completed. The Signature Bridge is expected to become a new landmark for Delhi upon opening in 2017.
Tunnel making methods and tunnel boring machine mohammadsalikali
The document discusses various tunnel construction methods. It begins with an introduction to tunnels and their purposes. It then covers traditional/classical methods that were used until the late 19th century such as the English, German, and Austrian systems which involved hand excavation and timber supports. More modern methods discussed include cut-and-cover, drill-and-blast, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), immersed tunnels, and tunnel jacking. Factors in choosing a method include geological conditions, tunnel size/length, surface impacts, and construction speed/costs.
This document provides an overview of tunnels, including their definition, history, construction methods, design considerations, and effects of earthquakes. Tunnels are underground passages constructed for various purposes like transportation. Key construction methods include cut-and-cover, drill-and-blast, bored tunneling using a Tunnel Boring Machine, and sequential excavation. Design requires considering factors like ground conditions, water management, tunnel usage, and seismic activity. During earthquakes, tunnels can experience ground shaking, ground failures, deformations, cracking, and other effects that must be addressed in seismic design. The Gotthard Base Tunnel case study exemplifies addressing geological challenges during tunnel construction.
This document discusses the key elements and design considerations of cable-stayed and suspension bridges. It covers:
- The main components of these bridges, including main cables, suspenders, decking, towers, and anchor cables.
- Equations for calculating horizontal reactions, cable tension at various points, and the parabolic shape of loaded cables.
- Methods for determining the total cable length and anchoring cables to the ground via guide pulleys or saddle arrangements on piers.
- The use of a three-hinged stiffening girder to support the bridge deck between cable supports.
Tunnelling methods can be chosen based on geological conditions, tunnel size and length, experience, and cost considerations. Classical methods from the 19th century included the English, Austrian, German, Belgian, and Italian systems which used hand excavation and timber supports. Modern methods include mechanical drilling/cutting, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), immersed tunnels, and specialized methods. The tunnelling process typically involves probe drilling, grouting, excavation, supporting, muck removal, lining, drainage, and ventilation. Cut-and-cover can maintain surface traffic with reduced street widths or temporary bypasses, and uses concrete curtain walls for trench stability in urban areas.
Challenges of Tunneling-- A Peep Into The Exciting World of TunnellingIEI GSC
By Shri Manoj Verman, President, Indian National Group of ISRM
President, International Commission on Hard Rock Excavation
Vice President, Indian Society of Engineering Geology
at 31st National Convention of Civil Engineering
organised by
Gujarat State Center, The Institution of Engineers (India)
at Ahmedabad
This document summarizes various methods and procedures for tunnel construction. It discusses requirements for tunnels such as efficient transportation compared to bridges and protection in wartime. Main procedures include probe drilling, grouting, excavation using drilling and blasting, supporting structures, transporting debris, lining installation, draining, and ventilation. Methods include classical techniques using timber supports, cut-and-cover construction, drilling and blasting, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), immersed tunnels, and tunnel jacking. Choice of method depends on geological and length factors, required construction speed, and managing ground variability risks.
This document summarizes the precast segmental construction method for bridges. It was first used in Western Europe in the 1950s and involves casting concrete segments off-site, transporting them to the construction location, and erecting them using various methods like balanced cantilever, progressive placement, span-by-span, or incremental launching. Machinery like launchers, girders, cranes, and hydraulic jacks are used for erection. Additional steps include external prestressing and grouting. Precast segmental construction allows for longer spans, faster construction times, increased quality control, and is most suitable for long bridges.
This document provides details on the construction process for the substructure of a bridge, including pile foundations and a pile cap. It describes the steps to construct cast-in-place concrete piles, which include boring holes for the piles, lowering reinforced steel cages into the holes, fitting tremie pipes to pour concrete, and flushing out debris. It also outlines the process for constructing the pile cap, such as excavating around the piles, chipping off excess concrete, forming shutters, placing reinforcing steel, and pouring concrete. The overall bridge construction process is divided into substructure and superstructure work.
This document provides an overview of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). It discusses that TBMs were first invented in 1863 and are also known as "moles" as they excavate tunnels with a circular cross-section. There are two main types of TBMs - hard rock TBMs and soft rock TBMs. The document then goes into detail about the construction, operation, advantages and disadvantages of TBMs. It explains the two main phases of a TBM - the tunneling phase which involves cutting through rock/soil, and the ring building phase which constructs supporting structures behind the TBM.
this presentation describes in details the sinking operation of well foundations in different conditions and situations. the content here is suitable only for basic knowledge and educational purposes.
This document discusses different types of dams used to hold back water and raise its level. It describes earth dams, rock fill dams, gravity dams, arch dams, steel dams, buttress dams, timber dams, and rubber dams. Earth dams are embankments created from compacted soil, sand, clay or rock. Rock fill dams use compacted rock and transfer force downward. Gravity dams rely on their own weight to resist water pressure. Arch dams are curved upstream and strengthen under water pressure.
The document discusses the Signature Bridge project being constructed across the Yamuna River in Delhi, India. Some key points:
- The cable-stayed bridge will be 575 meters long and 175 meters high, connecting north and east Delhi to reduce traffic congestion.
- It will have eight lanes, space for cables and maintenance, and a composite steel and concrete deck supported by a steel pylon.
- Testing is being conducted on aggregates, reinforcement bars, and concrete cubes to ensure quality. Pile foundations are being used due to weak soil.
- Construction includes boring piles, installing reinforced concrete cages, pouring concrete from a batching plant, and casting the deck slab and kerbs. The bridge
This presentation discusses various ground improvement techniques for transportation projects. It introduces vertical drains, soil nailing, stone columns, vibro compaction, and dynamic compaction. Vertical drains like sand drains and wick drains accelerate consolidation by facilitating drainage. Soil nailing reinforces soil by drilling and grouting steel tendons. Stone columns form compacted aggregate columns to increase shear strength and reduce compressibility. Vibro compaction densifies loose sands. Dynamic compaction drops heavy weights to compact soils at depth. The presentation provides details on how each technique is implemented to improve weak soils for construction.
Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross-section through various ground conditions ranging from soft ground to hard rock. TBMs can bore tunnels continuously with minimal ground disturbance compared to traditional drilling and blasting methods. Modern TBMs function as a single, self-contained unit that can drill, excavate soil and rock, apply concrete segmental lining, and remove spoils, making them highly efficient for tunneling projects.
This document discusses drilling and blasting techniques used for rock excavation. It describes the necessity of drilling holes in rock for placing explosives. The main types of drills are abrasion drills like short drills and diamond drills, and percussion drills like jackhammers and rotary drills. Factors for selecting appropriate drilling equipment include rock hardness, depth, terrain, and purpose. Explosives discussed include dynamite, ammonium nitrate, slurry, ANFO, and RDX. The blasting process involves cleaning holes, placing a primer, stemming, and detonating with a fuse or electric spark.
Pipe jacking is a trenchless construction method where pipes are pushed through the ground behind a tunneling shield using hydraulic jacks. The process involves excavating soil within the shield as it advances forward in a continuous process until the pipeline is completed. It provides a structurally sound, watertight finished pipeline and avoids excavating trenches, making it suitable for installing pipes in urban areas with existing infrastructure. Some key equipment used includes jacks, pipes, thrust rings to distribute force evenly, and cutter heads to excavate the soil.
The document summarizes a productivity improvement program between CIL and Orica to improve mining productivity at selected coal mines. It describes benchmarking current practices and demonstrating benefits through a two phase program at the AKWMC mine in BCCL. Phase 1 involved studying current drilling, blasting, and mucking costs. Phase 2 demonstrated benefits of advanced blasting techniques, reducing costs by 30.93% overall, including 22.39% reduction in drilling costs and 29.54% reduction in blasting costs. The program improved fragmentation and sharing of knowledge between the companies.
Tunnels can be constructed using various methods depending on factors like geological conditions and the length and diameter of the tunnel. Traditional methods include cut-and-cover where a trench is excavated and covered, drill-and-blast where explosives are used to break rock, and the use of tunnel boring machines. The New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) employs flexible supports and monitoring to optimize reinforcement based on the rock type. It relies on conserving the inherent strength of the surrounding rock mass.
This document provides an overview of the hydraulic design considerations for barrages. It discusses key aspects of barrage design including sub-surface flow calculations to determine seepage pressure, force, and exit gradients. It also covers surface flow hydraulics to determine the waterway length. Critical design elements like cut-offs, scour depth, block protections are explained. Emphasis is given to ensuring safety against piping failure and sand boilling. The document concludes that model studies are necessary before prototype construction due to uncertainties in soil properties.
This document summarizes the construction of Delhi's first cable-stayed Signature Bridge across the Yamuna River. The 675-meter long bridge will connect North and East Delhi and feature 8 lanes of traffic. Construction is being led by Gammon India, Empresa Construction Brasil, and Tensacciai and involves casting concrete foundations, erecting a 154-meter tall pylon with stay cables, and installing reinforcement and girders. Extensive testing and 104 sensors will monitor the bridge's structural response once completed. The Signature Bridge is expected to become a new landmark for Delhi upon opening in 2017.
Tunnel making methods and tunnel boring machine mohammadsalikali
The document discusses various tunnel construction methods. It begins with an introduction to tunnels and their purposes. It then covers traditional/classical methods that were used until the late 19th century such as the English, German, and Austrian systems which involved hand excavation and timber supports. More modern methods discussed include cut-and-cover, drill-and-blast, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), immersed tunnels, and tunnel jacking. Factors in choosing a method include geological conditions, tunnel size/length, surface impacts, and construction speed/costs.
This document provides an overview of tunnels, including their definition, history, construction methods, design considerations, and effects of earthquakes. Tunnels are underground passages constructed for various purposes like transportation. Key construction methods include cut-and-cover, drill-and-blast, bored tunneling using a Tunnel Boring Machine, and sequential excavation. Design requires considering factors like ground conditions, water management, tunnel usage, and seismic activity. During earthquakes, tunnels can experience ground shaking, ground failures, deformations, cracking, and other effects that must be addressed in seismic design. The Gotthard Base Tunnel case study exemplifies addressing geological challenges during tunnel construction.
This document discusses the key elements and design considerations of cable-stayed and suspension bridges. It covers:
- The main components of these bridges, including main cables, suspenders, decking, towers, and anchor cables.
- Equations for calculating horizontal reactions, cable tension at various points, and the parabolic shape of loaded cables.
- Methods for determining the total cable length and anchoring cables to the ground via guide pulleys or saddle arrangements on piers.
- The use of a three-hinged stiffening girder to support the bridge deck between cable supports.
Tunnelling methods can be chosen based on geological conditions, tunnel size and length, experience, and cost considerations. Classical methods from the 19th century included the English, Austrian, German, Belgian, and Italian systems which used hand excavation and timber supports. Modern methods include mechanical drilling/cutting, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM), immersed tunnels, and specialized methods. The tunnelling process typically involves probe drilling, grouting, excavation, supporting, muck removal, lining, drainage, and ventilation. Cut-and-cover can maintain surface traffic with reduced street widths or temporary bypasses, and uses concrete curtain walls for trench stability in urban areas.
Challenges of Tunneling-- A Peep Into The Exciting World of TunnellingIEI GSC
By Shri Manoj Verman, President, Indian National Group of ISRM
President, International Commission on Hard Rock Excavation
Vice President, Indian Society of Engineering Geology
at 31st National Convention of Civil Engineering
organised by
Gujarat State Center, The Institution of Engineers (India)
at Ahmedabad
This document summarizes various methods and procedures for tunnel construction. It discusses requirements for tunnels such as efficient transportation compared to bridges and protection in wartime. Main procedures include probe drilling, grouting, excavation using drilling and blasting, supporting structures, transporting debris, lining installation, draining, and ventilation. Methods include classical techniques using timber supports, cut-and-cover construction, drilling and blasting, tunnel boring machines (TBMs), immersed tunnels, and tunnel jacking. Choice of method depends on geological and length factors, required construction speed, and managing ground variability risks.
This document summarizes the precast segmental construction method for bridges. It was first used in Western Europe in the 1950s and involves casting concrete segments off-site, transporting them to the construction location, and erecting them using various methods like balanced cantilever, progressive placement, span-by-span, or incremental launching. Machinery like launchers, girders, cranes, and hydraulic jacks are used for erection. Additional steps include external prestressing and grouting. Precast segmental construction allows for longer spans, faster construction times, increased quality control, and is most suitable for long bridges.
This document provides details on the construction process for the substructure of a bridge, including pile foundations and a pile cap. It describes the steps to construct cast-in-place concrete piles, which include boring holes for the piles, lowering reinforced steel cages into the holes, fitting tremie pipes to pour concrete, and flushing out debris. It also outlines the process for constructing the pile cap, such as excavating around the piles, chipping off excess concrete, forming shutters, placing reinforcing steel, and pouring concrete. The overall bridge construction process is divided into substructure and superstructure work.
This document provides an overview of tunnel boring machines (TBMs). It discusses that TBMs were first invented in 1863 and are also known as "moles" as they excavate tunnels with a circular cross-section. There are two main types of TBMs - hard rock TBMs and soft rock TBMs. The document then goes into detail about the construction, operation, advantages and disadvantages of TBMs. It explains the two main phases of a TBM - the tunneling phase which involves cutting through rock/soil, and the ring building phase which constructs supporting structures behind the TBM.
this presentation describes in details the sinking operation of well foundations in different conditions and situations. the content here is suitable only for basic knowledge and educational purposes.
This document discusses different types of dams used to hold back water and raise its level. It describes earth dams, rock fill dams, gravity dams, arch dams, steel dams, buttress dams, timber dams, and rubber dams. Earth dams are embankments created from compacted soil, sand, clay or rock. Rock fill dams use compacted rock and transfer force downward. Gravity dams rely on their own weight to resist water pressure. Arch dams are curved upstream and strengthen under water pressure.
The document discusses the Signature Bridge project being constructed across the Yamuna River in Delhi, India. Some key points:
- The cable-stayed bridge will be 575 meters long and 175 meters high, connecting north and east Delhi to reduce traffic congestion.
- It will have eight lanes, space for cables and maintenance, and a composite steel and concrete deck supported by a steel pylon.
- Testing is being conducted on aggregates, reinforcement bars, and concrete cubes to ensure quality. Pile foundations are being used due to weak soil.
- Construction includes boring piles, installing reinforced concrete cages, pouring concrete from a batching plant, and casting the deck slab and kerbs. The bridge
This presentation discusses various ground improvement techniques for transportation projects. It introduces vertical drains, soil nailing, stone columns, vibro compaction, and dynamic compaction. Vertical drains like sand drains and wick drains accelerate consolidation by facilitating drainage. Soil nailing reinforces soil by drilling and grouting steel tendons. Stone columns form compacted aggregate columns to increase shear strength and reduce compressibility. Vibro compaction densifies loose sands. Dynamic compaction drops heavy weights to compact soils at depth. The presentation provides details on how each technique is implemented to improve weak soils for construction.
Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross-section through various ground conditions ranging from soft ground to hard rock. TBMs can bore tunnels continuously with minimal ground disturbance compared to traditional drilling and blasting methods. Modern TBMs function as a single, self-contained unit that can drill, excavate soil and rock, apply concrete segmental lining, and remove spoils, making them highly efficient for tunneling projects.
This document discusses drilling and blasting techniques used for rock excavation. It describes the necessity of drilling holes in rock for placing explosives. The main types of drills are abrasion drills like short drills and diamond drills, and percussion drills like jackhammers and rotary drills. Factors for selecting appropriate drilling equipment include rock hardness, depth, terrain, and purpose. Explosives discussed include dynamite, ammonium nitrate, slurry, ANFO, and RDX. The blasting process involves cleaning holes, placing a primer, stemming, and detonating with a fuse or electric spark.
Pipe jacking is a trenchless construction method where pipes are pushed through the ground behind a tunneling shield using hydraulic jacks. The process involves excavating soil within the shield as it advances forward in a continuous process until the pipeline is completed. It provides a structurally sound, watertight finished pipeline and avoids excavating trenches, making it suitable for installing pipes in urban areas with existing infrastructure. Some key equipment used includes jacks, pipes, thrust rings to distribute force evenly, and cutter heads to excavate the soil.
The document summarizes a productivity improvement program between CIL and Orica to improve mining productivity at selected coal mines. It describes benchmarking current practices and demonstrating benefits through a two phase program at the AKWMC mine in BCCL. Phase 1 involved studying current drilling, blasting, and mucking costs. Phase 2 demonstrated benefits of advanced blasting techniques, reducing costs by 30.93% overall, including 22.39% reduction in drilling costs and 29.54% reduction in blasting costs. The program improved fragmentation and sharing of knowledge between the companies.
Construction Time Analysis For Different Steps In Drill-And-Blast Method Of H...IJERA Editor
One of the most important factors influencing the decision whether and how a tunnel is to be built are the estimated time and costs of construction. This study is based on construction time analysis for different steps in drill-and-blast method of hydro power tunnel excavation in working phase of 6.256,00 meters of tunnels which have different diameters varying from 4,20 to 7,60. There are made 737 field measurements and it is seen that many of the machinery and workmanship productions rates per unit time are significantly lower, varying from 35% to 50%, of that defined in their technical specifications, measurements indicate that highest performance is reached in 7,60m diameter tunnel excavation. It is believed that these data will be helpful for planning and management process of tunnel construction projects, especially those planned to be built in Albania where labor market carries similar features.
IDM 30 I
RECP 311
The document summarizes a productivity improvement program between Coal India Limited (CIL) and Orica to improve mining efficiency at selected coal mines. Key aspects of the program included:
1) Benchmarking current practices around drilling, blasting, and mucking operations to establish baseline productivity and costs.
2) Conducting demonstration blasts using advanced blasting technologies from Orica to improve fragmentation and productivity.
3) Comparing costs and productivity from benchmarking to demonstration phases to quantify improvements. At one mine, drilling costs decreased 22% and total mining costs decreased 31% from improved techniques.
4) Providing training to mine personnel on advanced
Uses of special kind of technologies for implementation of special kind of st...Rajesh Prasad
The said technical paper was presented by Rajesh Prasad in IC TRAM 2018 (International Conference- Technological Advancement in Railways and Metro Projects at Manekshaw Centre New Delhi on 04.10.2018
This document provides details about a cancer institute project in Lucknow, India. It includes:
- An overview of the 100-acre project with a total built-up area of 1,15,727 square meters and a projected cost of 798.34 crores.
- Details on the 10 different buildings that make up the facility including an entrance square, operation theaters, outpatient department, radiology, and more.
- Safety protocols in place during construction including use of helmets, safety shoes, belts, and fire extinguishers.
- Building materials being used like cement, brick, aggregates, reinforcement steel, and formwork.
- Structural elements under construction like the foundation
Jundee Mar Tejedo has over 10 years of experience as a QA/QC Engineer and Civil Engineer in Qatar and the Philippines. He has extensive experience managing construction projects, including roads, infrastructure, grading works, and more. He is proficient in quality control, project coordination, resource management, and ensuring safety and regulatory compliance. Tejedo holds a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering and is a licensed Civil Engineer in the Philippines.
PPT of final on Ultra low head turbine(crossflow)final.pptxPawanSharma565262
The document presents the final presentation of a student project group from Kathmandu University on the design and fabrication of an ultra-low head turbine. The group designed and built a crossflow turbine to harness energy from small rivers and canals. Key aspects of the project included calculating design parameters, developing CAD models, fabricating turbine components like the runner, shaft and frame, and concluding the turbine could generate around 30 watts of power. The project aimed to develop skills in design, machining and welding while exploring an affordable energy solution for off-grid applications.
BHAVINI's PFBR project is eligible for an Engineering Excellence Award due to its innovative design as India's first fast breeder nuclear reactor. The project overcame many challenges in manufacturing gigantic reactor components to stringent specifications. Notable achievements include fabricating the largest concrete pour in India, constructing an underwater tunnel below the sea, and erecting massive equipment without defects. The project strengthened India's nuclear capabilities, created new industrial skills, and benefited the local community through education, jobs, and infrastructure. Overall, the PFBR represents a pioneering engineering feat that advances India's nuclear energy program.
Industrial training at DMRC Underground StationAkshay Sharma
1. The document describes an industrial training project at DMRC for the construction of an underground metro station in Najafgarh, Delhi using the top-down construction method.
2. The project involved constructing 1.54 km of twin tunnels using TBMs and a large underground station that is 290m long and 30m wide at a depth of 18m.
3. Construction methods used included diaphragm walls, soldier piles, sump tanks, and top-down construction of the roof slab then concourse and base slabs for the underground station.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on box pushing technology. Box pushing technology involves prefabricating concrete box segments and pushing them underground using hydraulic jacks to form tunnels, culverts, and other underground structures with minimal excavation. The presentation covers the objectives of box pushing, key components of the process, construction steps, advantages over conventional excavation methods, safety measures, environmental benefits, and future trends in the technology. Box pushing allows for faster, less disruptive, and more cost-effective construction of underground infrastructure compared to traditional excavation methods.
This document summarizes a senior design project presentation on computing slurry flow through horizontal bends in pipelines and the effects on erosion rates. The presentation covered introduction to slurry transportation, literature review on bend geometry and flow characteristics, needs analysis, product function definition, teardown and experimentation, benchmarking, product architecture, concept generation and selection, embodiment, analytical design, numerical modeling and analysis, and testing. The project aims to model slurry flow through bends to understand the relationship between flow properties and erosion rates in pipelines.
This project report summarizes the analysis and design of an underground drainage system for the hostel areas of SRM University in Kattankulathur, India. The report outlines the objectives, necessity, scope and methodology of the project. It involves surveying the existing drainage system, analyzing wastewater and stormwater flows, selecting appropriate pipe materials, and designing the pipe network layout, trenches, manholes and cost estimate. The aim is to provide a systematic underground sewerage system to replace the existing open channel drainage and improve sanitation, flooding prevention and environmental protection on campus.
IRJET- Water Supply through Underground Tunnel from Thane to Bhandup using TBMIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a project to construct an underground water supply tunnel from Thane to Bhandup in Mumbai, India using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The key points are:
1) The existing above-ground pipelines in Mumbai are over 100 years old and prone to corrosion, leaks and bursts. A new underground tunnel is needed to reliably supply the city's growing water demands.
2) An 8.3 km tunnel will be bored using a TBM from Kapurbawdi in Thane to Bhandup, reaching depths of 108m and 125m respectively.
3) Using a TBM allows the tunnel to be constructed much faster (18 months vs 5 years) through dense urban
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A brief overview of drilling and blasting process for tunnel excavation used in Supermadi HEP .pptx
1. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
DHULIKHEL , KAVRE
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRESENTATION OF INTERNSHIP ON:
SUPERMADI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT [44 MW]
GROUP MEMBERS:
ARUN KATUWAL
KIMILSUNG LIMBU
2. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Introduction to the site
• Super Madi Hydroelectric Project is located in Kaski District , Gandaki Zone of
Western Development Region of Nepal.
• The Project lies in the Namarjun and Parche Village Development Committees of
Kaski District about 23 km North-East of Pokhara.
• The project is a simple Run-off-river scheme that utilizes the flow in Madi River
which is one of the major tributaries of the Narayani River .
• The proposed project has installed Capacity of 44 MW, design discharge of 18
m3/s and net head of 295 m .
3. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• A simple boulder riprap diversion weir across the Madi Khola will divert the water
into the side intake .
• A gravel trap settles gravels and takes water to the head pound.
• 2 underground settling basins will be fed with the discharge by two inlet tunnels from
head pound.
• An outlet pond will feed water into the headrace tunnel of length 5.9 km and finish
diameter of 4.2 m.
• Steel penstock of average diameter 2.6 m and length 1.38 km will feed water to 3
vertical axis Pelton turbines installed in semi-surface power house to generate 44 MW
of electricity.
4. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Salient Features
General
• Name of river : Madi Khola
• Nearest Town : Pokhara , 23 km
• Type of Scheme : Run-of-River
• Type of Scheme : Run-of-River
• Gross Head : 305m
• Installed Capacity : 44000 kW
Hydrology
• Catchment area : 284.1 km2
• Mean annual Discharge : 30.29 m3/s
• Design Discharge : 18m3/s
• Probability of Exceedance : 40.96 %
• Design Flood Discharge : 1288 m3/s (100 Yr. Flood)
5. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Diversion Weir
• Type of Weir : Free Overflow with Spillway
• Total Length of Weir : 60m
• Height of overflow Weir from River bed : 5m
• Crest elevation : 1362 masl
• Design Flood Level : 1368 masl
Inlet Tunnel
• Shape : Inverted D
• Numbers : 2
• Length : 52m
• Size (W*H) : 3m*3m
6. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Side Intake
• Type of Intake: Side Intake ( Orifice Type)
• Size of Orifice (W * H) = 2.4m*1.6m , 6 Nos.
• Intake Sill Level: 1360m
Underground Desanding Basin
• No of Chamber: 2
• Size: 172m*7.5m*14.75m (parallel section 160m)
• Particle size to be settled: 0.20mm @ 90 % efficiency
7. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Headrace Tunnel
• Type: Inverted D Type Tunnel
• Finish Diameter: 4.2m
• Length: 5905m
• Support: Fully concrete Lined ( 800m ) Shotcrete Lined (5105m)
Surge Tank
• Type: Circular, Underground
• Height: 37 m
• Finish Diameter: 9m
Penstock Tunnel
• Type: Inverted- D Type Tunnel
• Finish Diameter: 2.8 circular penstock
• Length: 38m
8. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Objectives
• To get exposure to engineering duties and responsibilities.
• To develop the proficiency to function in diverse engineering and managerial
settings based on core knowledge, skills, attitudes and aptitudes acquired during
the in-campus semesters.
• To be aware of engineering norms, values and ethical practices.
9. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Task Performed
Task
Performed
Site Reconnaissance
Drawings Study
Site Supervision
Interactions with diverse Professionals
Daily Observation Log Preparation
Weekly & Monthly Progress Report Preparation
10. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
11. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
12. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
13. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
14. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Tunnel Cycle
Due to the abundance of tunnels in our site we had the opportunity to observe a
complete tunneling cycle which consists of the following sequence of processes: -
1. Drilling
2. Loading & Stemming
3. Blasting
4. Ventilation
5. Mucking & Scaling
6. Geological Mapping and Surveying
7. Rock support Installation
8. Shotcreting
15. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
1. Drilling
• This is the first process in the tunnel cycle.
• We observed the drilling process being carried out manually using jack hammer with
pushers’ leg mostly in the Inspection tunnel and Kalbandi Headrace tunnels.
• The length of drill holes varying up to 2 meters (mostly 1.5m and 1.7m) depending
upon the pull required.
• Drilling was also carried out for Rock Bolt installation.
• Drilling was carried out by Boomer in Adit II tunnel.
16. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• For the drilling process , we found out the average time taken for the jack hammer
and boomer to drill a hole of 1.7 m diameter as shown in the table below :
Equipment Avg. Time taken(s) Rock Class Manpower Required for operation
Jack Hammer 187 III At least 3
Boomer 130 I At least 2
17. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: Jack Hammer Fig : Boomer
Fig : Drilling by Boomer
Fig: Drilling by Jack Hammer
18. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
2. Loading & Stemming
• Packing or insertion of the explosives into the holes for the purpose of blasting is known
as Loading.
• The Process of sealing drill hole and retaining the explosive gases within it is called
Stemming.
• Loading was carried out manually in the site.
• Emulsions Explosives were mainly used in the site while loading.
• The energy released as a result of explosion is much higher in compared to other
emulsion explosives.
19. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• The following observations were made in the site during the loading phase of the tunnel
cycle: -
Explosive Type: Emulsion Explosives
Explosive Brand Name: Superpower 90
Explosive Cartridge Size & weight: 32 mm dia., 200 gm
Average Time Taken to load a hole: 57 sec (Including Detonator placement &
stemming, Manually)
Materials used for stemming: Clay and Sand
20. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig : An Emulsion Explosive Cartridge Fig: Loading and Stemming of a Hole manually
21. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
3. Blasting
• The Blasting or detonating procedure was performed with the means of detonator
which charged the emulsion explosives.
• The Blasting procedure was allowed to be carried out by an only authorized personnel
like a Blaster in the site.
• The detonators used for the purpose of blasting was Electrical type Short Period Delay
(SPD)detonators with the variance of milli second detonation delay from one another.
• The major milliseconds delay detonators used in the site varied from 1 millisecond
delay detonator to 10 milliseconds delay detonators.
22. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: A 10 millisecond delay detonator Fig: A detonator trigger and ohm meter
23. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Video of blast in the inspection tunnel
24. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
4. Ventilation
• The site was cleared for few minutes for the explosive gases to disperse.
• Since the Kalbandi Headrace Tunnels, Inspection Tunnel and Headrace Tunnel outlet
were in the initial stages of excavation there were no provisions for mechanical
ventilators in those sites.
• The explosives gasses were allowed to disperse through the flow of natural air without
any external means for about 10 - 15 minutes before mucking process commenced.
• Ventilation in the Adit II Tunnels at Bagalethar was carried out by a single fan
ventilator. The ventilation time varying from 20 minutes to 30 minutes.
25. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: A single Fan Longitudinal Ventilator used in Adit II Tunnel
26. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
5. Mucking & Scaling
• Mucking refers to the process of removing the muck after blasting and throwing outside the
tunnel.
• Mucking was carried out by a loader in our site.
• Major used wheel loaders in our site were XCMG LW 300kN and XCMG ZL 50 GN.
• Scaling refers to the process of removal of the muck that sticks to the tunnel face after the
Mucking process.
27. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• Scaling was carried out in the site manually by hitting the tunnel face with the pressurized
jet of water and by hitting the tunnel face rocks by loading sticks.
• In average the time taken for mucking and scaling was about 2 hours.
28. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: A loader used for mucking Fig: A tipper used for muck disposal
Fig: Scaling process carried out Fig: Mucking in tunnel by a loader
29. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
6. Geological Mapping and Surveying
• After the process of scaling the geologists work was to make the geological log sheet of the
rock class type of joints and faults and other aspects relating to the geological mapping of
the tunnel face.
• The Rock Class of the tunnel face is found out after the determination of Rock Tunneling
Quality Index (Q-value).
• The process of geological mapping is simultaneously followed by surveying.
• Along with the alignment fixing of tunnel, surveying was carried out to determine the
chainage and pull from the recent Blast.
• Resection is carried out to fix the tunnel alignment, the steps followed to carry out
Resection is explained in detail in Daily Observation Log.
30. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: A surveyor conducting alignment
survey of tunnel
Fig: Face mapping by a Geologist
31. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
7. Rock Support Installation
• After the geologists identify the the rock support class than the supports pertaining to
the suitable tunnel face and the rock mass was installed which was either spot bolt ,
Rock Bolt or in worst cases Ribs which was done in accordance with the rock class
determined as per the approved design drawings.
Fig: Rock bolts Fig : Rib Installation
32. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Short Description on the type of supports used
• Spot Bolt
These are the bolts which are locally installed at sites that appear to be prone to failure
,may be on the roof or floor.
Spot bolts are used at certain spots to prevent failure of individual blocks and wedges.
The observed dimension of the rock bolt used in our site was 2m length and 20mm
diameter.
33. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• Rock Bolt
Is generally a long anchor bolt.
Used for stabilizing rock excavations in the tunnels and rock cuts.
It transfers load from the unstable exterior to the confined (and much stronger) interior of the
rock mass.
Dimensions of rock bolt used in the site were 2-2.5m length with 20 mm diameter.
34. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig : Rock Bolt Fig : Installed Rock Bolt
35. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• Rib Installation
Ribs were installed in the excavation sites of the tunnels specifically, pertaining to the particular
rock classes with low stability.
Ribs of IS standard I – section (IS 808, ISMB 150, 15kg/m) in combination with high strength
concrete were used.
In our site the rib was of arc and post type with two pieces of each component.
The arc and post were attached to each other by plates and nut bolts.
The dimension of the plate was 18cm * 15cm and of the diameter of bolt was 16mm.
There were 4 holes and bolts in the plate with the diameter of holes 2mm greater than of bolts.
36. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Then the backfilling was performed which was done in the form of boulder packing.
The boulders were then bind with cement mixture of M25 strength.
The backfilling were held by wire mesh with dimension of 2.1m*1.1m and 4.75mm diameter
,usually six number of wire mesh were used per rib.
Tie rod and anchor rod were also used for further support and stabilization of the rib.
The tie rod was 20mm diameter and 1m length whereas the anchor rod had same diameter but
the length was 2m.
37. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig : Rib Installation Fig : Tie Rod Welding
38. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig : Wire Mesh
Fig : Anchor rod
Fig : Boulder Packing
39. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• Shotcreting:
Shotcrete refers to concrete or mortar conveyed through a hose and pneumatically projected at
high velocity onto a surface, as a construction technique.
In our Internship we only observed dry shotcreting at our site.
The materials used were cement , sand , water and aggregate of nominal max size 10mm.
The design strength of shotcrete was generally M30 .
Steel fiber Crete was used as reinforcement.
For rapid setting of shotcrete accelerating admixture for dry shotcreting was used.
Generally 25 kg admixture was used per batch of shotcreting.
40. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig : Shotcreting Fig : Mixer for mixing of materials
41. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
• Slope Stabilization
This was generally performed in the early stages of the tunnel construction.
The bearing capacity of the natural slope decreases due to tunnel face excavation.
Cement grouting or shotcreting was done for stabilization in accordance with the slope
condition.
Spiling rods were also used to support the tunnel during early stages .
Spiling rod provide a protective canopy, to enable the heading of a tunnel to be advanced
without the risk of falling debris .
42. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig : Grouting of Slope Fig: Spiling Rod
43. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Rock Class Support Type Pattern Spacing
I 2m long,20mm dia. Spot Bolt with Dry Steel
Fiber Shotcrete 50mm thick
1-1 -
II 2m long,20mm dia. Rock Bolt with Dry
Steel Fiber Shotcrete 75mm thick
5-6 1.6m c/c
III 2m long,20mm dia. Rock Bolt with Dry
Steel Fiber Shotcrete 100mm thick
6-7 1.4 m c/c
IV 2m long,20mm dia. Rock Bolt with Dry
Steel Fiber Shotcrete 125mm thick
7-8 1.2m c/c
V 2.5m long,20mm dia. Rock Bolt with Dry
Steel Fiber Shotcrete 150mm thick
8-9 1m c/c
VI 3m long,20mm dia. Rock Bolt with Dry
Steel Fiber Shotcrete 200mm thick & ISMB
150 beam sets 1m c/c
8-9 1m c/c
ROCK SUPPORT TYPE
44. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: Steel fiber crete used as reinforcement Fig: A mixer
45. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Activity Time (min) Specifics [Tunnel 4.2m x 4.2m D-shape]
Drilling 220** Avg. approx. 74 holes per round, Jackhammer on pushers leg
Loading 90 Approx. 73 kg explosives loading per blast
[Gneiss/Quartz]
Blasting 20 -
Ventilation 15 -
Mucking 140 Mechanical [1 Loader, 1 tipper]
Scaling 20 Manual
Surveying and Face Mapping 50 Resection and Q-Value Evaluation
Rock Bolting 170 Tunnel Support Type III Pattern [6/7 @ 1.40m c/c]
Shot Creting 210 (Approx. 125mm – 150mm thick)
Time for one round 935 Approx. 16hours per round, Pull obtain=0.9m-1.7m
=1.3m avg
Weekly Progress 2shifts, 9hrs per shift,
14shift per week
14 shifts/week*9 hrs/week*1.3 m pull
16 hrs
=10.2 m/week
TUNNEL CYCLE TIMES OF A FULLROUND-KALBANDI KHOLSI TUNNEL SITE
** Avg. drill time found to drill a hole of 1.7m length was 3m -4m. Drilling time varies depending upon rock mass
and efficiency of workers.
46. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Major Problems Encountered In The Worksite
Human Errors
• Not arriving in time for work.
• Lack of skill and diligence in some manpowers.
• No consideration for proper and optimum material usage.
• Mishandling of equipment.
Technical Errors
• Machine wearing due to continuous use.
• No proper maintenance of equipment.
• No availability of advance equipment in all of the sites like boomer.
• Unavailability of electricity for certain time period.
• Less consideration for safety of manpower such as no availability of safety googles etc.
47. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Geological Problems
• Very strong rock class in Adit II tunnels due to which problems of socket holes and
under break occurred of length 30cm to 80cm due to hard rock.
• Very weak rock class in outlet tunnel due to which continuous rib installation and
also rock over break occurred.
Other Problems
• Unexpected and unscheduled problems such as continuous strikes, Banda etc.
• Untimely payment of salary which lead to strikes from man power.
48. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF OUR FIELD VISIT TO OTHER HYDRO PROJECTS
• As our major observation were based on the works of a tunnel cycle and our selected
project was in initial phase of the construction during our internship period, we asked
our supervisor Mr. Ganga Ram Maharjan for a field visit to other hydro-projects for
observation of major hydro-power related structures in which he agreed to volunteer.
• Field visit was made to Himalayan Hydroelectric project [12 MW] located d/s to our
project.
• Similarly, field visit was made to the Middle Modi Hydro project [15.1 MW] as per
the course of study of our internship period. The report of this field visit is briefly
discussed in the Daily Observation logs of date (15-16)/02/2076.
49. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: ongoing Anchor block and Saddle Support construction of Himalayan Hydro project
Fig: ongoing construction of powerhouse and saddle supports of Himalayan Hydro Project
50. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: Headworks of Middle Modi hydro project [MMHP]
Fig: Headrace canal of MMHP Fig: Settling basin of MMHP
51. Internship Project - GROUP 11 Kathmandu University , Department of Civil Engineering
Fig: Headrace Tunnel outlet Fig: Ongoing Powerhouse construction
Picture with supervisor