WEB BASED AND BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION FOR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 02 | Feb 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 135
WEB BASED AND BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION FOR EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION
Aparna M*1, Neethu R A*2, Jisha Cheriyan*3, Prema V*4, Anurag Raj*5
*1 Prof in Dept. of CSE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore
*2,3,4,5 Students, Dept. of CSE, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore
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Abstract - The Internet infrastructure, A Web technology,
and the usability of the e-learning systems have all been
significantly impacted by technical breakthroughs. The paper
provides a summary of a student's online portfolio made with
web development tools. There are many different option
formats, languages, frameworks, and technological items
available to web application developers. We review, cite, and
contrast the technologies that facilitate the development of
Web apps. We come to the conclusion that while the Web's
connectivity issues have been substantially resolved, the
proliferation of Web-basedapplicationtechnologiesshowsthe
absence of a reliable model specifically designed for this
industry.
Key Words: Web Development,ReactJS,NodeJS,MongoDB,
CSS, ExpressJS, Blockchain.
1. INTRODUCTION
It's difficult for students to stay in the competition andtoget
a job they have to be skilled with new and upcoming
technologies. They need to be aware of the new and
upcoming technologies in the market. Our strategy is to
implement essential key features for the students to tackle
the problems. Pedagogies must be in accordance with the
institutional "quality education" and the changes in the
undergraduate student intake in order to develop "Future
Educational System." In addition to the adjustments and
interruptions brought on by Covid-19, students from the
"non-traditional" backgrounds adjusting to the existing
university institutions and how the procedures might
accommodate to these students. These are the factors to be
taken into account [1].The use ofnewtechnologyis crucial in
many areas of higher education. Modern scholarly
communication approaches andproceduresare essential for
the dissemination of academic knowledge [2].
The vast majority of students watch a variety of videos,
emphasising the value of videos in web-based learning.
Search engines like Google are frequently used by people to
find information online because they are a natural partofthe
web and they make it simple to access a tonne of resources
for information on practically any subject [5]. The
opportunity exists for interactive web documentaries to
engage audiences with pertinent topics [4]. The Web is a
techno-social system that represents the largest
reconfigurable information architecture. The Web is most
noticeable component of Internet and offers one of most
widely used services [6]. The Web Speech API, which is now
utilised by the majority of current browsers [3], is the
foundation upon which the voice-based development
methodology and software architecture are created.
Self - directed learning platforms can be created using
portable phones and tailored to the requirements of specific
students. Flexible methodologies can enhance educational
standards . Policiesshouldincorporateconnectivistmethods
and active learning through the construction of a
comprehensive curriculum and recognise the significance of
each student's unique needs and talents, including
socioeconomic and academic ones [1].
Blockchain technologies have recently been an intriguing
research topic, andmanydifferent businesseshavetakenuse
of its advantages. Similar to the financial market, this new
technology has enormous tangible opportunities for the
healthcare, education, and other sectors because to its
decentralized, security, and integrity [7].
Blockchain can be utilized to establish a peer-to-peer bitcoin
transactionarchitecturethatis secure,adaptive,andefficient
[8]. It is a cutting-edge technology that emphasises secure
data transfer between various dispersed applications. Its
protocols are regarded as a distributed environment with
some required characteristics, such as decentralisation [9].
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. TECHNOLOGY
The building of an entire application, including the front end
and back end, is referred to as "full stack development." The
user interface is on front end, and the back end is where the
logic and application workflows are. The MERN stack is
utilized to build the web application.
ReactJS:
The front-end library for the JavaScript programming
language is called React.JS. React.JS, which is used to create
single-page applications because it can render dynamically
changing data quickly, was used to design our web
application's user interface. Developers can construct User
Interface components using ReactandJScoding.Theprimary
goal of the research was to assess the library and

demonstratethat ReactJSisacompatibleplatformthatcanbe
used in situations where there are a variety of possibilities.
This study covered the principles, core architecture,
functionalities,datamanagementtechniques,acceptance,and
popularity [10].
ExpressJS Request Flow
The Human Portal solution is focused on human resources
management, and React js is a framework specifically made
to deal with visualisation layer of online applications and
their use in a commercial setting. The higher flexibility and
use of the product were noted by the customers as a result of
this approach, which allowed for the capabilities and
optimization of the human resources management
procedures [11]. It is expediently evolving into one of the
simplest and fastest frontend libraries for web applications
due to its completely component-based architecture. This
incorporates the "View" notion from Model-View-Controller
(MVC) model [12].
Node.js :
Node.js is a JS operating system that was developed in the
C++ programming language. Node.js was created utilising a
single-thread architecture and leverages event-driven,
asynchronousprogrammingcallbackfunctions.Thedesignof
Node.js makes use of eventdriven as the fundamental core
notion forits environment, giving usa variety of event-based
and asynchronous APIs that have assisted us in developing
the website implementing Node.js for our back-end
development [10]. The drawbacks of the backdrop
development language in the conventional sense are
compensated forbyNode.jsusingitsownbuilt-inanddefined
properties. It is a server-side Js interpreter that makes it
simple to create online apps with quick response times and
flexible growth [13]. Due to Node.js, Full Stack Programmers
may now independently can handle both server and the
client side. [14]. To create a fast and scalable backend
database server, weuse Node.Js. Because of its "event-driven
design" and "non-blocking I/O," it is a server-side platform
that is mostly used for the realtime applications. In terms of
Input/Output operations, Nodejs is shown to be 10 times
faster [15].
ExpressJS:
Express is used becauseitisaNode.jsframework.Writingthe
back end code and putting it into the practise in a systematic
manner became simpler and easier thanks to Express.
Express supported many middleware’s, which makes the
code shorter and simpler to create, and this allowed us to
more easily design the web apps and APIs needed for our
project. Our application uses Express mostly for its single
threadeddesignandasynchronousprogrammingcapabilities
[10]. ExpressJS is a Node.js Web application framework that
is small, flexible, and delivers a wide range of basic web
application functionalities without hiding Node.js's
capabilities.
Express makes it simple to create API’s by granting access to
middleware [16It offers a user-friendly Web interface,which
is comparable to what Spring gives Java applications.
MERN Stack Architecture
MongoDB:
MongoDB is text-oriented NoSQL database. The JSONformat
is used to store data. It is used to store databases and is
straightforward. It is a cross-platform document-oriented
NoSQL database. The Web-based applicationisreferredtoby
MongoDB as a database that holds data. For the application
and its design, MongoDB is quite well-liked among other
databases thanks to some fascinating characteristics [17].
We use MongoDB, a document-oriented database, for our
project. MongoDB transforms our JSON data into a binary
version in the background on the server, which is basically
stored and queried more effectively. BSON is used by
MongoDBtoquerydatabases[10].Bycombininghierarchical,
semi structural, and unstructured data, it tackles the
challenge and test of the scalability, adaptability, and
processing capacities of conventional relational database
management systems (RDBMS). The databases must be
horizontally scaled in order to work with the new
frameworks. Unstructured data must be processed and
stored in the databases in addition to structured data.

Similar to this, huge databases have been made. In order to
comprehend how JavaScript writers, use distinct javascript
libraries, a pragmatic study was conducted for this work.
The user interface of a web page is referred to as web design.
Design is the global language of the visual world.
The design's primary objective is to focus on the content so
that consumers can access and use it with ease.
Full Stack
Web design has undergone significant change as a result of
various technological advancements and displayed contents
using a straightforward text page, to the second generation,
which used lots of graphics and vibrant colours to create
memorable web page fashion trends. From the first web
generation, which and finally to the simple and user -
friendly web design wesee today.Thedesignandcontentofa
website should always be current javascript libraries, a
pragmatic study was conducted for this work.
TABLE I - Multiple Content-Based Search Methodologies
Authors Year Advantages
Derren Wilson
et al. [43]
2022 We may start thinking about
site's contribution to history of
online design thanks to the
collection of the source code for
CSSZG that is currently
available, especially the findings
of the study of the CSS files.
D Kruger et al.
[39]
2021 Speeding up implementation
and oversight of essential
quality improvement initiatives
with the Realtime report is
crucial considering, as was
already indicated, the
seriousness of unwise antibiotic
usage in a number of
African nations and the
consequences for the rising
AMR rate.
Cindy Shuan Ju
the [45]
2021 To continuously monitor
epidemiological trends and the
spread of MDRO in hospital
environments, this information
database's data linkages are
meant to offer helpful
information.
Georgios
Labiris et al.
[44]
2021 Automatic reading times
calculation for the patient using
acquired patient audio
processing that can measure
speak time and post-talk delay.
Asare Yaw
Obeng et al.
[46]
2021 The context-based model was
expanded to include variables
of technological adoption and
acceptance information system
success, and user satisfaction
because the online educational
learning system is viewed as an
information system and is
widely seen as successful.
B. BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY BACKGROUND
A distributed ledger technology is blockchain. It ensures
open communication between all parties involved. Santoshi
Nakamoto established the idea of sharedledgerandpeer-to-
peer transactions [25]. It can be described as an encrypted
digital book made up of data records or blocks that is spread
over numerous computers connected by a public or private
network. Blockchain offers immutable record made up of
chain of time-stamped data blocks thatincludetransactional
information. As a result, each transaction isstoredina block,
and each block is connected to one beforeitandtheoneafter
it, forming an irreversible chain where transactions are
blocked together. [28].
TABLE II - Key Features of Blockchain
Features Functionality Description
Immutable
A distributed ledger that cannot
be changed.
Distributed The data is not under the control
of a single party in blockchain.
Participants substantiate their
participation with evidence of

their work or stake.
Transparent Users have access to transparent
data on blockchains that are
simple to update. Data cannot be
changed because of blockchains'
transparency.
Open Source All network parties have open-
source access to blockchain
technology.
Autonomy The blockchain network's nodes
can securely store, transport, and
update data without outside
influence.
Anonymity The identity of the person
transferring data remains
anonymous as it moves from one
node to another.
These blocks cannot be altered or removed after they have
been linked together in a chain. Nodes are blockchain-based
services that are part of certain communication networks
and use a common protocol for communication. Two
categories, anonymity (public/private) and consensus
(permissionless/permissioned), are used to categorise
blockchain protocols [27]. To use the network in the
permissioned blockchain mode, you must have
authorization. Private blockchain is another name for this
kind of blockchain. Banks are one exampleofa companythat
employs this style. Blockchain is a system for keeping track
of past transactions using dispersed medical records that is
built on open,securecommunication.Blockchaintechnology,
for instance, can facilitate the transmission of data while
preserving the data privacy, the integrity, and the
accessibility [30]. Blockchain technology offers a
decentralised paradigm where two parties can conduct
business without the need for a middleman. The blockchain
keeps a ledger that is accessible to both parties and the
authenticity of the ledger is maintained using a consensus
method to enable transactions between two parties who do
not trust one another. A collection of records,suchasBitcoin
cryptocurrency transactions, may be kept in the ledger
[26].A distributed digital ledger with blocks of transactions
that have been cryptographically signed. Each block is
verified and subject to a consensus decision before being
cryptographically linked to the one before it. As new blocks
are created, changing older blocks becomes more and more
difficult. The most recent blocks are updated in the
network's copies of the ledger, and any discrepancies are
automatically resolved in accordance with predefined
standards [29].
Blockchain makes it possible for several participants in
network to share a single ledger that everyone can relyon to
be accurate [30]. the activities taking place in a supply chain
or the status of a group of Ethereum-compatible smart
contracts. Ethereum is a distributed blockchainnetwork that
makes use of the same blockchain technology as the well-
known digital currency Bitcoin [26]. In 2015, Ethereum was
formally unveiled. This paper aims to explore the potential
challenges, opportunities, and limitations of blockchain
technology as well as how traditional intermediaries may
need to adapt to a potential implementation of this
technology because blockchain in combination with the
smart contracts could be important in these operations.
Most people are familiar with blockchain through its use in
cryptocurrencies like the Bitcoin [22]. Numerous sectors,
including financial, voting, business, industrial and
numerous educational and the healthcare applications,
depict major areas for blockchain applications as a result of
the growing interest in blockchain and itsimplementationin
a variety of industries and sectors [19], [20]. Blockchain is a
revolutionary technology that emphasises secure data
transfer amongst several distributed apps.
Despite its extensive use, several regions still need more
investigation to understand their performance
characteristics [21]. Healthcare, auto industry,
transportation, aviation and the real estate may all use
blockchain technology [24].
Digital identity: It is crucial to identify an entity(a person, an
organisation, or an object) in order to carry out transactions
or produce data in a variety of fields, including banking,
governance, healthcare, education, social networking,
logistics, etc. An innovation ecosystem is a collection of
interlinked businesses that are linked to a focal company or
platform and comprise actors from both the production and
usage sides who employ innovation to create and monetize
new value [27].

Centralized Identity Management for the entity
authentication: In Centralised Identity ManagementSystem,
a centralised IDP will be in charge of identity (such as an
Email address, Phone number,Governmentidentification, or
patient identification) and will be accountableforupholding
the trust factor connected to those identities. Credential-
based authentication is a well-known first line ofdefencefor
identification mechanisms. In the case of EHRs, where the
privacy and security of the data records are critical,
credential-based protection is a first-thcenturysolutionthat
is reasonably easy and customizable. However, it is
vulnerable to privacy invasion, spoofing assaults, and
identity theft. Multifactor authenticationoffersanadditional
layer of security to existing credentials-basedauthentication
by combining secondary factors like One Time Passwords
(OTPs), captchas, patterns, or biometrics [32].
Decentralized Identity Management for entity
authentication: The simple premise behind this is that a
transaction involving the transfer of a goodorasset between
two parties is confirmed by the participating nodes via the
consensus process. An unchangeable distributed ledger has
this transaction recorded in it. The First practical
distributed-ledger technologythatintroducedconceptofthe
decentralisation into processing of financial transactions
was called blockchain. Later, the platform was expanded to
include the entire healthcare ecosystem by adding smart
contract programming capabilities. The notion to use
blockchain in design of healthcare for decentralisedIdentity
Management was first proposed by Yue et al. (2016).
Mohammed et al (2021),created a distributed hash table
architecture using IPFS and the blockchain enabling quicker
access to medical records [32].
The architecture of a system, a container, cloud, blockchain,
and the web application are the fourmaincomponentsofthe
proposed system. To manage these various subsystems
interoperability, overall systemusesvariouscommunication
[32].
System Architecture for blockchain based Decentralized Identifiers for Entity
Authentication in EHRs [32].
The whole system employsa client-serverarchitecturealong
with a variety of communication channels and the protocols
to manage the interoperability of these various subsystems.
This gives an extensive summary of the suggested
architecture. In order to record infractions the IOT
container communicates withboththeEthereum blockchain
and the cloud (to store the noncritical data).Thecontainer is
connected to Ethereum and the cloud through a 4G
connection. The container and the mobile client, as well as
Ethereum, use the Ethereum client to conduct API requests.
The mobile client uses a more straightforward method to
carry out customer interactions with the Ethereum smart
contract. It uses the Azure IoT Hub service as a gateway to
communicate with the cloud by sending messages to it.
A web app that is hosted in the cloud gives users access to
monitoring tools. The web application then retrieves the
stored data and uses the application front-end to visually
present it to the users. The online applicationalsomakesuse
of a database to keep track of various users and their
corresponding registered shipping containers. Through the
online application, users can access monitoringandtracking
functionalities using a web browser.
3. METHODOLOGY
Design and the Implementation:
We specify the design and the implementation of a
prototype web based app focused on college going students
and a decentralized server architecture, that is intended to
facilitate easy decentralized money transaction when
required. The features involved in this architecture is based
on:
i.Basic portfolio page for every student:
Students can showcase theirprojectsandskillstoeveryone
including students, professors and potential hiring
managers. Building statistical models to explain
relationships between important factors, such as the

customer engagement, behaviour intention, service failure,
service recovery, website service quality, and eservice
quality, was the main goal of many studies. Scientific
approaches to assess customer satisfaction, such as the E-
service Quality (ES- QUAL), have been developed as a result
of SQCS research [35].
ii. A page where all the opensource projects from college
students will be showcased:
Students working on projects can make them opensource
and other students interested can start contributingtothese
projects, inculcating an opensource environment in the
college. Students are obligated to complete their
coursework and can participateinthelearningprocesswhile
doing so. The complete rate was less than 30% if the
subgroup was left out of the completer analysis. The small
student subsample also resulted in a low level of work
experience among graduates [36].
iii.Articles section for students to write and host articles:
Students will write and publish articles/blogs and get paid
through adds usingcryptocurrencyexchange.Blockchainisa
cutting-edge technology that operates decentralised and
transparently to store and transport data. In peer-to-peer
network, this technology takes form of the transaction log.
These transactions are organised into blocks that are
connected by links. Every block has data, a previous block's
hash, and the time stamp. The data savedintheBlockchainis
backed up and verified by all network nodes, givingita great
resistance against assaults that could tamper withthedata's
integrity [37].
iv.Discussion Forums :
There will be discussion forums for all topics, Studentscan
join any of these forums to get more knowledge and ask
doubts in specific forums to get quick relevantsolutions.Our
initial review of the literature (To gather sources and notes,
the team worked together in a Zotero Reference Manager
Library) and our discussions with the staff who had taught a
course completely online and had used emergent
technologies were the main sources of inspiration for this
study. We also drew on our combined experiences of
researching, teaching and providing services in the higher
education. At this point, we were interested in identifying
Education 4.0 trends as well as how to classify the key
advantages and disadvantages of these novel technologies
and strategies. The facilitators provided conversation
guidance and collaborated on trend evaluation [38].
v.Team building for hackathons:
Students looking for team members for a hackathon or
other team-based competitionscancomeheretofindperfect
team mates. The user's participationcantakemanydifferent
forms, such as submitting digital content, responding to
surveys, translating papers, or participatinginchatsessions.
When using the experience mode, which takes placeina real
world, users can, for instance, access different material
based on their precise location in a city or within an
interactive exhibit [4].
vi. Resume builder for job seeking students :
Students can create their resumes according to industry
standards from this page. The resume will beautofilled with
information from the portfolio page and the profile page. On
the basis of user comments via a usability questionnaire,the
app's usability was also assessed. The co-authors'
experiences were used to construct a series of questions for
the questionnaire, which included inquiries about a
perceived value of app and time it took to complete every
form [39].
4. APPLICATIONS
Blockchain technology is transforming several industries
quickly, grabbing the interest of business leaders,
professionals, policymakers, researchers, smart contracts,
and crypto-economics. Academics, governments, and other
stakeholders identified the potential opportunities that this
technology brings for their own operations even though it
was the first to be created to bypass traditional middlemen
in the money issuance. Even the banking sector was
adversely affected by the advent of the bitcoin currency and
the resulting capacity of blockchain technologies to cut
expenses. Digital payments, business registrations, social
networking, insurance, the real estate market [33], public
administration, and healthcare arejusta few examplesofthe
applications for blockchain.
Software and tools for web application development are
constantly updated for improved performance. Even
computer languages regularly receive updated versions to
make sure they perform better and are less troublesome
[42]. In order to stay up with these new innovations, an
average developer may have to put in a lot of work. A full
stack web developer, on the other hand, is already familiar
with the connections between various technologies. So, for
him or her, staying current with new updates and
integrations is simple. Last but not least, full stack
developers already keep learning new things about the web
development, so they will remain in the huge demand for
dealing with new technologies for now and in future as well.
There are other JavaScript frameworksavailable,butwewill
just discuss React.JS in this article becauseitissimplertouse
than the other frameworks like Angular. Js and others.
Facebook Community oversees and creates React.JS [41].
Web-based project managementtoolsfocusonrelationships
between staff members, project portfolio managers, various
stakeholders, and top management by integrating
knowledge management concerns with collaborative tools
[40]. Utilizing thefollowingfeatures,some enterpriseproject

management tools assist enterprises in efficientlymanaging
project portfolios: Demand management, Portfolio Analysis
and Selection, Task Management and Resource Schedule,
Financial, Time, Team Collaboration, Reporting, Issues and
Risk Management, Business Intelligence and Program
Management.
5. CHALLENGES
Challenge Description
Security & Privacy
Data
In a blockchain architecture, the
records can be verified by the entire
community as opposed to a single
outside party. Data security and
privacy risks could potentially affect
it [30].
Managing data
storage
When it comes to data transactions,
where the speed is critical, event
searching and the editing can be very
slow [30].
Interoperability
Issues- data
exchange
Blockchain, which is distributed and,
on the cloud, has a radically different
design from current databases, which
are offline, centralised, local
databases. The majority of
international legislation still stipulate
that central health authorities must
oversee data exchanges, and they also
demand that data transactions be
completed in compliance with data
privacy laws [30].
Standardization
challenges
Systems for exchanging data
are not entirely integrated
[30].
Behavioural
challenge
Blockchain technology is still in its
early stages, hence it still has
behavioural issues [30].
Monetary cost
The cost of implementing blockchain
technology across all IT
systems could be high [30].
6. CONCLUSIONS
This paper describes the application of web and blockchain
in online student portfolio. This paper deals with Four
technologies make up the MERN(MongoDB, ExpressJS,
ReactJS, Node Js) Stack: It is intended to simplify and
streamline the development process. Each of these four
potent technologies plays significant role in creation of web
apps and offers developers an end-to-end environment in
which to operate. This paper also specifies about block
chain wherein we use it for publishing articles and getting
paid through adds. This transaction involves bitcoins.
Blockchain technology is used by Bitcoin to allow user-to-
user transactions on a decentralised network. After the
project is finished, it will act as a platform for students to
advance along the success ladder and learn from
professionals and alumni.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We thank anonymous reviewers for their insightful
comments on improving the paper.
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