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1. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) provides encryption and authentication for email. It uses public key cryptography and digital signatures to encrypt messages and verify sender identity.
2. PGP offers five main services - digital signatures for authentication, symmetric encryption for confidentiality, compression, encoding for email compatibility, and message segmentation.
3. The document describes how PGP provides both authentication and encryption of messages using a combination of public key and symmetric key cryptography. Digital signatures verify the identity of the sender and encrypted symmetric keys protect the confidentiality of messages.
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) uses elliptic curves over finite fields for encryption, digital signatures, and key exchange. The key sizes are smaller than RSA for the same security level. Its security relies on the assumed hardness of solving the discrete logarithm problem over elliptic curves. ECC defines elliptic curves with parameters over Galois fields GF(p) for prime p or binary fields GF(2m). Points on the curves along with addition and doubling formulas are used to perform scalar multiplications for cryptographic operations.
The course registration system helps the students to gather information about a particular course and then they can easily register themselves in a particular course.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography was presented by Ajithkumar Vyasarao. He began with an introduction to ECC, noting its advantages over RSA like smaller key sizes providing equal security. He described how ECC works using elliptic curves over real numbers and finite fields. He demonstrated point addition and scalar multiplication on curves. ECC can be used for applications like smart cards and mobile devices. For key exchange, Alice and Bob can agree on a starting point and generate secret keys by multiplying a private value with the shared point. ECC provides security through the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem.
This document discusses data compression techniques for digital images. It explains that compression reduces the amount of data needed to represent an image by removing redundant information. The compression process involves an encoder that transforms the input image, and a decoder that reconstructs the output image. The encoder uses three main stages: a mapper to reduce interpixel redundancy, a quantizer to reduce accuracy and psychovisual redundancy, and a symbol encoder to assign variable-length codes to the quantized values. The decoder performs the inverse operations of the encoder and mapper to reconstruct the original image, but does not perform the inverse of quantization which is a lossy process.
Currency recognition system using image processingFatima Akhtar
This document outlines a currency recognition system based on image processing. The system aims to help people recognize different currencies from around the world more easily. It extracts features from images of currency, such as identification marks and latent images, and uses template matching to compare these to stored images of genuine currency notes. The system is intended to be implemented as a web application so that people can use it anywhere at any time to identify currencies and check if they are genuine or counterfeit.
The document discusses steganography, which is the art of hiding information within other files like images. It explains how early Greeks used steganography by engraving messages in wood and covering it with wax. Modern steganography uses computers to hide information by changing the least significant bit of image file bytes, which is imperceptible to the human eye. The document also provides an overview of a proposed steganography application that allows users to hide text within an image file and later extract the hidden text.
1. PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) provides encryption and authentication for email. It uses public key cryptography and digital signatures to encrypt messages and verify sender identity.
2. PGP offers five main services - digital signatures for authentication, symmetric encryption for confidentiality, compression, encoding for email compatibility, and message segmentation.
3. The document describes how PGP provides both authentication and encryption of messages using a combination of public key and symmetric key cryptography. Digital signatures verify the identity of the sender and encrypted symmetric keys protect the confidentiality of messages.
Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) uses elliptic curves over finite fields for encryption, digital signatures, and key exchange. The key sizes are smaller than RSA for the same security level. Its security relies on the assumed hardness of solving the discrete logarithm problem over elliptic curves. ECC defines elliptic curves with parameters over Galois fields GF(p) for prime p or binary fields GF(2m). Points on the curves along with addition and doubling formulas are used to perform scalar multiplications for cryptographic operations.
The course registration system helps the students to gather information about a particular course and then they can easily register themselves in a particular course.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography was presented by Ajithkumar Vyasarao. He began with an introduction to ECC, noting its advantages over RSA like smaller key sizes providing equal security. He described how ECC works using elliptic curves over real numbers and finite fields. He demonstrated point addition and scalar multiplication on curves. ECC can be used for applications like smart cards and mobile devices. For key exchange, Alice and Bob can agree on a starting point and generate secret keys by multiplying a private value with the shared point. ECC provides security through the difficulty of solving the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem.
This document discusses data compression techniques for digital images. It explains that compression reduces the amount of data needed to represent an image by removing redundant information. The compression process involves an encoder that transforms the input image, and a decoder that reconstructs the output image. The encoder uses three main stages: a mapper to reduce interpixel redundancy, a quantizer to reduce accuracy and psychovisual redundancy, and a symbol encoder to assign variable-length codes to the quantized values. The decoder performs the inverse operations of the encoder and mapper to reconstruct the original image, but does not perform the inverse of quantization which is a lossy process.
Currency recognition system using image processingFatima Akhtar
This document outlines a currency recognition system based on image processing. The system aims to help people recognize different currencies from around the world more easily. It extracts features from images of currency, such as identification marks and latent images, and uses template matching to compare these to stored images of genuine currency notes. The system is intended to be implemented as a web application so that people can use it anywhere at any time to identify currencies and check if they are genuine or counterfeit.
The document discusses steganography, which is the art of hiding information within other files like images. It explains how early Greeks used steganography by engraving messages in wood and covering it with wax. Modern steganography uses computers to hide information by changing the least significant bit of image file bytes, which is imperceptible to the human eye. The document also provides an overview of a proposed steganography application that allows users to hide text within an image file and later extract the hidden text.
The document discusses the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA). It was developed in 1990 as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard. IDEA is a symmetric block cipher that uses a 128-bit key to encrypt 64-bit blocks of plaintext into ciphertext. The key is divided into 52 subkeys that are used in 8 rounds of encryption/decryption operations involving XOR, addition, and multiplication. IDEA was used in PGP v2.0 and can encrypt sensitive data for applications like financial services, broadcasting, and government use.
The document discusses the arithmetic of elliptic curves. It begins by introducing elliptic curves and their group structure under addition. It describes how points on an elliptic curve form an abelian group and that rational points form a subgroup. It then discusses points of finite order, including points of order 2 and 3. The Nagell-Lutz theorem and Mazur's theorem characterize rational points of finite order. Finally, it introduces Mordell's theorem, which states that the group of rational points on an elliptic curve is finitely generated.
Most of the sport management system is having problems like offline
registration, manage single tournament, manage statistics etc. To overcome all these
problems we are proposing the system STMS (Sport Tournament Management System)
with utilities like different tournament registration, automatic or manually match
scheduling, statistics for tournament, notification as reminder, maintaining log. In our
proposed system tournament owner will register in system and create new tournament.
Player can also register team member and player profile. Then System will schedule
the matches of the tournament. System will provide automatic or manual scheduling
Facility.System will provide a utility like notification as a reminder to the player before
match. It will avoid duplication of tournament for a player, team and game
This document discusses several security services: authentication, which verifies the identity of communication parties; access control, which limits access to systems and applications; data confidentiality, which protects transmitted data from unauthorized access; data integrity, which prevents unauthorized data modification; and nonrepudiation, which prevents senders or receivers from denying transmitted messages. These services provide specific types of protection for system resources and are implemented through security mechanisms to enforce security policies.
MD5 is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value for a message of any length. It was originally designed to provide authentication of digital signatures but is no longer considered reliable for cryptography due to techniques that can generate collisions. MD5 operates by padding the input, appending the length, dividing into blocks, initializing variables, processing blocks through 4 rounds of operations with different constants each round, and outputting the hash value. While it was intended to be difficult to find collisions or recover the input, MD5 is no longer considered cryptographically secure due to attacks demonstrating collisions.
This document provides an overview of IP security (IPSec). It begins by explaining the need for IPSec due to the lack of security in standard Internet protocols. It then covers the basic architecture and components of IPSec, including authentication headers, encapsulating security payloads, and how security associations combine these elements. The document also discusses key management and provides examples of how IPSec can be implemented in transport and tunnel modes. In under 3 sentences, this document provides an introduction to IPSec, outlines its main architectural components, and discusses how it establishes security associations to encrypt and authenticate network traffic.
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks
-Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation
-Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception
The document proposes developing an automated system to digitize the exam cell activities at colleges, which currently require extensive manual paperwork. The system would allow students to electronically submit exam forms and access exam timetables, hall tickets, and results online, reducing long queues and paperwork. It would also give administrators remote access to verify student details and records in the database to more efficiently manage exam processes.
The document contains code snippets for Java network security programming. Experiment 1 deals with network security programming using TCP/IP protocols for different layers. Experiment 2 focuses on socket security programming involving address structures and functions. Experiment 3 is about APIs security programming for non-blocking sockets and timeouts. Experiment 4 implements a basic web server for firewall programming. The remaining experiments cover CORBA, cryptography, digital signatures and Java network security in general.
Credit card fraud detection using machine learning Algorithmsankit panigrahy
This document discusses credit card fraud detection using machine learning techniques. It compares the performance of naïve bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and logistic regression classifiers on a credit card transactions dataset. The dataset contains over 284,000 transactions with 0.172% fraudulent cases, making the data highly imbalanced. Different resampling techniques are used to address this imbalance. The performance of the classifiers is evaluated based on various metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. The results show that kNN performs best for most metrics except accuracy on a specific class distribution, while naïve bayes and logistic regression also achieve good performance.
This document presents a seminar on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its purpose in ensuring confidentiality, integrity and accuracy of communications. It then defines cryptography and discusses secret key cryptography which uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. The document outlines the architecture and process of cryptography, along with common cryptographic algorithms like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography and hash functions. It also discusses different types of attacks on cryptography like cipher text only and chosen plaintext attacks. The conclusion emphasizes using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm according to the requirements for security and speed of message transmission.
The document is a project report on an ATM management system created by three students. It includes sections on the abstract, introduction, system specifications, project description, feasibility study and code implementation. The system allows customers to check balances, withdraw and deposit cash through an ATM interface using a PIN for authentication. It aims to simplify banking transactions and reduce paperwork compared to a manual process.
The document provides information about experimenting with RJ45 and Cat6 cabling using a crimping tool. It discusses the specifications of CAT6 cable and how it is an improved standard over previous categories. It also describes how to properly crimp RJ45 connectors onto cable and defines the straight-through and crossover wiring configurations. The document further explains how to install and use Cisco Packet Tracer for network simulations.
This document provides an overview of facial recognition technology. It discusses the history of facial recognition, how the technology works by detecting nodal points on faces and creating faceprints for identification. It also covers implementations, comparing images to templates to verify or identify individuals, and applications in security and surveillance. Strengths are its non-invasive nature, but it can be impacted by changes in appearance.
This slide gives you the basic understanding of digital image compression.
Please Note: This is a class teaching PPT, more and detail topics were covered in the classroom.
This document provides an introduction to image segmentation. It discusses how image segmentation partitions an image into meaningful regions based on measurements like greyscale, color, texture, depth, or motion. Segmentation is often an initial step in image understanding and has applications in identifying objects, guiding robots, and video compression. The document describes thresholding and clustering as two common segmentation techniques and provides examples of segmentation based on greyscale, texture, motion, depth, and optical flow. It also discusses region-growing, edge-based, and active contour model approaches to segmentation.
The document describes a project that aims to develop a mobile application for real-time object and pose detection. The application will take in a real-time image as input and output bounding boxes identifying the objects in the image along with their class. The methodology involves preprocessing the image, then using the YOLO framework for object classification and localization. The goals are to achieve high accuracy detection that can be used for applications like vehicle counting and human activity recognition.
This document summarizes a presentation on image processing. It introduces image processing and discusses acquiring images in digital formats. It covers various aspects of image processing like enhancement, restoration, and geometry transformations. Image processing techniques discussed include histograms, compression, analysis, and computer-aided detection. Color imaging and different image types are also introduced. The document concludes with mentioning some common image processing software.
This document presents a proposed methodology for offline signature recognition using global and grid features extracted from signature images. The methodology involves preprocessing signatures, extracting global and grid features using discrete wavelet transforms, training a backpropagation neural network on the features, and classifying signatures based on the trained network. Experimental results show classification accuracy rates ranging from 89-93% for signatures from 10 to 50 individuals. Future work could involve exploring different signature features to potentially improve recognition performance.
The presentation include:
-Diffie hellman key exchange algorithm
-Primitive roots
-Discrete logarithm and discrete logarithm problem
-Attacks on diffie hellman and their possible solution
-Key distribution center
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC) process. It describes the key phases of SDLC including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. It provides details on various techniques used during analysis such as interviews, questionnaires, documentation review, and observation. It also discusses modeling approaches for system design like data flow diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and decision trees/tables. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the SDLC methodology for developing and maintaining information systems.
management system development and planningmilkesa13
The document discusses systems development and the systems development lifecycle (SDLC). It describes the SDLC as having sequential phases including systems investigation, analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance. The goal of the SDLC is to ensure high quality systems are delivered on time and budget by providing strong project management controls. Key activities in the SDLC include requirements gathering, logical and physical design, prototyping, various testing approaches, and implementation strategies like parallel and phased conversions.
The document discusses the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA). It was developed in 1990 as a replacement for the Data Encryption Standard. IDEA is a symmetric block cipher that uses a 128-bit key to encrypt 64-bit blocks of plaintext into ciphertext. The key is divided into 52 subkeys that are used in 8 rounds of encryption/decryption operations involving XOR, addition, and multiplication. IDEA was used in PGP v2.0 and can encrypt sensitive data for applications like financial services, broadcasting, and government use.
The document discusses the arithmetic of elliptic curves. It begins by introducing elliptic curves and their group structure under addition. It describes how points on an elliptic curve form an abelian group and that rational points form a subgroup. It then discusses points of finite order, including points of order 2 and 3. The Nagell-Lutz theorem and Mazur's theorem characterize rational points of finite order. Finally, it introduces Mordell's theorem, which states that the group of rational points on an elliptic curve is finitely generated.
Most of the sport management system is having problems like offline
registration, manage single tournament, manage statistics etc. To overcome all these
problems we are proposing the system STMS (Sport Tournament Management System)
with utilities like different tournament registration, automatic or manually match
scheduling, statistics for tournament, notification as reminder, maintaining log. In our
proposed system tournament owner will register in system and create new tournament.
Player can also register team member and player profile. Then System will schedule
the matches of the tournament. System will provide automatic or manual scheduling
Facility.System will provide a utility like notification as a reminder to the player before
match. It will avoid duplication of tournament for a player, team and game
This document discusses several security services: authentication, which verifies the identity of communication parties; access control, which limits access to systems and applications; data confidentiality, which protects transmitted data from unauthorized access; data integrity, which prevents unauthorized data modification; and nonrepudiation, which prevents senders or receivers from denying transmitted messages. These services provide specific types of protection for system resources and are implemented through security mechanisms to enforce security policies.
MD5 is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 128-bit hash value for a message of any length. It was originally designed to provide authentication of digital signatures but is no longer considered reliable for cryptography due to techniques that can generate collisions. MD5 operates by padding the input, appending the length, dividing into blocks, initializing variables, processing blocks through 4 rounds of operations with different constants each round, and outputting the hash value. While it was intended to be difficult to find collisions or recover the input, MD5 is no longer considered cryptographically secure due to attacks demonstrating collisions.
This document provides an overview of IP security (IPSec). It begins by explaining the need for IPSec due to the lack of security in standard Internet protocols. It then covers the basic architecture and components of IPSec, including authentication headers, encapsulating security payloads, and how security associations combine these elements. The document also discusses key management and provides examples of how IPSec can be implemented in transport and tunnel modes. In under 3 sentences, this document provides an introduction to IPSec, outlines its main architectural components, and discusses how it establishes security associations to encrypt and authenticate network traffic.
Digital image processing focuses on two major tasks
-Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation
-Processing of image data for storage, transmission and representation for autonomous machine perception
The document proposes developing an automated system to digitize the exam cell activities at colleges, which currently require extensive manual paperwork. The system would allow students to electronically submit exam forms and access exam timetables, hall tickets, and results online, reducing long queues and paperwork. It would also give administrators remote access to verify student details and records in the database to more efficiently manage exam processes.
The document contains code snippets for Java network security programming. Experiment 1 deals with network security programming using TCP/IP protocols for different layers. Experiment 2 focuses on socket security programming involving address structures and functions. Experiment 3 is about APIs security programming for non-blocking sockets and timeouts. Experiment 4 implements a basic web server for firewall programming. The remaining experiments cover CORBA, cryptography, digital signatures and Java network security in general.
Credit card fraud detection using machine learning Algorithmsankit panigrahy
This document discusses credit card fraud detection using machine learning techniques. It compares the performance of naïve bayes, k-nearest neighbor, and logistic regression classifiers on a credit card transactions dataset. The dataset contains over 284,000 transactions with 0.172% fraudulent cases, making the data highly imbalanced. Different resampling techniques are used to address this imbalance. The performance of the classifiers is evaluated based on various metrics like accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. The results show that kNN performs best for most metrics except accuracy on a specific class distribution, while naïve bayes and logistic regression also achieve good performance.
This document presents a seminar on cryptography. It begins with an introduction to cryptography and its purpose in ensuring confidentiality, integrity and accuracy of communications. It then defines cryptography and discusses secret key cryptography which uses a single shared key for encryption and decryption, and public key cryptography which uses separate public and private keys. The document outlines the architecture and process of cryptography, along with common cryptographic algorithms like symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography and hash functions. It also discusses different types of attacks on cryptography like cipher text only and chosen plaintext attacks. The conclusion emphasizes using the appropriate cryptographic algorithm according to the requirements for security and speed of message transmission.
The document is a project report on an ATM management system created by three students. It includes sections on the abstract, introduction, system specifications, project description, feasibility study and code implementation. The system allows customers to check balances, withdraw and deposit cash through an ATM interface using a PIN for authentication. It aims to simplify banking transactions and reduce paperwork compared to a manual process.
The document provides information about experimenting with RJ45 and Cat6 cabling using a crimping tool. It discusses the specifications of CAT6 cable and how it is an improved standard over previous categories. It also describes how to properly crimp RJ45 connectors onto cable and defines the straight-through and crossover wiring configurations. The document further explains how to install and use Cisco Packet Tracer for network simulations.
This document provides an overview of facial recognition technology. It discusses the history of facial recognition, how the technology works by detecting nodal points on faces and creating faceprints for identification. It also covers implementations, comparing images to templates to verify or identify individuals, and applications in security and surveillance. Strengths are its non-invasive nature, but it can be impacted by changes in appearance.
This slide gives you the basic understanding of digital image compression.
Please Note: This is a class teaching PPT, more and detail topics were covered in the classroom.
This document provides an introduction to image segmentation. It discusses how image segmentation partitions an image into meaningful regions based on measurements like greyscale, color, texture, depth, or motion. Segmentation is often an initial step in image understanding and has applications in identifying objects, guiding robots, and video compression. The document describes thresholding and clustering as two common segmentation techniques and provides examples of segmentation based on greyscale, texture, motion, depth, and optical flow. It also discusses region-growing, edge-based, and active contour model approaches to segmentation.
The document describes a project that aims to develop a mobile application for real-time object and pose detection. The application will take in a real-time image as input and output bounding boxes identifying the objects in the image along with their class. The methodology involves preprocessing the image, then using the YOLO framework for object classification and localization. The goals are to achieve high accuracy detection that can be used for applications like vehicle counting and human activity recognition.
This document summarizes a presentation on image processing. It introduces image processing and discusses acquiring images in digital formats. It covers various aspects of image processing like enhancement, restoration, and geometry transformations. Image processing techniques discussed include histograms, compression, analysis, and computer-aided detection. Color imaging and different image types are also introduced. The document concludes with mentioning some common image processing software.
This document presents a proposed methodology for offline signature recognition using global and grid features extracted from signature images. The methodology involves preprocessing signatures, extracting global and grid features using discrete wavelet transforms, training a backpropagation neural network on the features, and classifying signatures based on the trained network. Experimental results show classification accuracy rates ranging from 89-93% for signatures from 10 to 50 individuals. Future work could involve exploring different signature features to potentially improve recognition performance.
The presentation include:
-Diffie hellman key exchange algorithm
-Primitive roots
-Discrete logarithm and discrete logarithm problem
-Attacks on diffie hellman and their possible solution
-Key distribution center
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC) process. It describes the key phases of SDLC including planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. It provides details on various techniques used during analysis such as interviews, questionnaires, documentation review, and observation. It also discusses modeling approaches for system design like data flow diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and decision trees/tables. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the SDLC methodology for developing and maintaining information systems.
management system development and planningmilkesa13
The document discusses systems development and the systems development lifecycle (SDLC). It describes the SDLC as having sequential phases including systems investigation, analysis, design, programming, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance. The goal of the SDLC is to ensure high quality systems are delivered on time and budget by providing strong project management controls. Key activities in the SDLC include requirements gathering, logical and physical design, prototyping, various testing approaches, and implementation strategies like parallel and phased conversions.
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which is a conceptual model for developing or altering systems throughout their lifecycle. The SDLC includes planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance phases. It is a systematic approach that breaks the work into required phases to implement new or modified information systems. The system analyst guides the system development project by defining requirements, designing logical system structures, and ensuring the system meets user needs.
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which includes various phases for developing and maintaining systems. The key phases are: system investigation, feasibility study, system analysis, system design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The feasibility study phase evaluates the technical, operational, economic, motivational, and schedule feasibility of a proposed system. The system analysis phase involves studying user requirements and the current system. System design then specifies how the new system will meet requirements through elements like data design, user interface design, and process design. This produces specifications for the system.
This document provides an overview of system development and information systems. It discusses reasons for creating or modifying systems, such as to correct problems or improve existing systems. It then describes the system development life cycle process, which involves six phases: preliminary investigation, system analysis, system design, system development, system implementation, and system operation and maintenance. It also discusses topics such as the roles of systems analysts, feasibility analysis, different approaches to system development, and implementation considerations.
The document discusses the systems development life cycle approach to developing information systems. It involves defining the problem, designing alternative solutions, selecting and implementing a solution, and monitoring/evaluating results. Key aspects include conducting a feasibility study in systems investigation, performing requirements analysis and logical/physical design in systems analysis/design, implementing the design, and maintaining the system based on evaluation. The goal is to take a systematic, interdependent approach to conceptualizing and solving business problems through information system solutions.
The document discusses different approaches to systems building, including the traditional systems lifecycle model consisting of definition, feasibility, design, development, testing, implementation, evaluation and maintenance phases. It also covers prototyping, using application software packages, end-user development, outsourcing, structured methodologies, object-oriented development, computer-aided software engineering and software reengineering.
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which includes requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, operations, and maintenance. It describes the typical phases of the SDLC process - preliminary investigation, feasibility study, system analysis, system design, software development, system testing, implementation and evaluation, and maintenance. The waterfall model is presented as a common SDLC approach, with its sequential phases of requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) describes the process of planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. It involves several key phases: preliminary analysis, requirements definition, design, development, integration and testing, deployment, maintenance, and disposal. Each phase serves an important purpose in properly analyzing requirements, designing the system, developing and testing code, deploying the final product, and maintaining or replacing the system. Testing occurs at various stages to ensure quality and identify issues. The SDLC process helps information systems meet goals on time and on budget.
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).pptxsandhyakiran10
The document describes the system development life cycle (SDLC) process. It involves several key phases: problem definition, feasibility study, system analysis, system design, system development, implementation, and maintenance. In the system analysis phase, requirements are gathered through interviews, documentation review, and other techniques. System design then specifies how the system will meet requirements through elements like the user interface, data design, and process design. The system is built during development, tested, and then implemented, which may involve training, file conversion, and evaluation. Maintenance keeps the system meeting needs with ongoing support. Accountants can be involved throughout by specifying needs, testing, and using the new system.
This document discusses systems analysis and design. It begins with an overview of information systems analysis and design, the systems development life cycle (SDLC), and agile methodologies like eXtreme Programming and Scrum. It then covers the SDLC phases of planning, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. Finally, it discusses how agile methodologies focus on adaptive processes, people over roles, and self-adaptive processes.
The document discusses various approaches to system analysis including waterfall, prototyping, rapid application development, and agile methods. It describes the typical phases of system analysis as planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support/maintenance. Key aspects of requirements analysis are covered such as information discovery techniques like interviews, questionnaires, and joint application design sessions. The benefits and shortcomings of different system analysis methodologies are also summarized.
1. The document outlines the four phases of the system development life cycle (SDLC): planning and selection, analysis, design, and implementation and operation.
2. It describes the roles and tasks of systems analysts in analyzing the needs of an organization and its users, studying current systems, designing alternative solutions, and overseeing the implementation of new systems.
3. Key analyst responsibilities include determining requirements, structuring and comparing alternatives, producing specifications, and designing system aspects like interfaces, databases and processes.
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) describes the process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. It involves preliminary system study, feasibility study, detailed system study, system analysis, system design, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The SDLC follows a structured process to ensure high quality systems while maximizing productivity and providing management controls. It originated in the 1960s to develop large scale business systems.
The document describes the system development life cycle (SDLC), which is a process used to develop, implement, and retire information systems through several steps: initiation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance. It involves analyzing user needs, designing the system, coding, testing, implementation, and maintenance. The waterfall model is presented as a common SDLC approach, consisting of sequential phases from requirements analysis through maintenance. Other SDLC models mentioned include iterative, spiral, object-oriented, rapid application development, and joint application development.
The document discusses the system development life cycle (SDLC), which is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in developing an information system. It is a multistep, iterative process that provides a structured framework for technical and non-technical activities to deliver a quality system. The SDLC gives structure and defines the phases and steps involved in developing a system, and serves as a foundation for project planning, scheduling, and estimating. It also assists in lowering project risk and increasing visibility. The SDLC framework includes activities such as requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance.
Learning outcomes of system analysis and design and.pptxSanad Bhowmik
System analysis and design refers to examining a business situation to improve procedures and methods through better computerized information systems. It provides structure for analyzing and designing information systems and involves a series of processes to systematically improve a business. The learning outcomes include being able to define system concepts, develop information systems using various problem-solving tools, write requirements and specifications, and work in groups on system development projects.
The document provides an overview of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), which is a process used to develop software in a logical, structured manner. It consists of six phases - system planning, system analysis, system design, system coding, system testing, and deployment and maintenance. The goal of the SDLC is to produce high-quality software that meets customer expectations with the highest quality, lowest cost, and shortest time. Each phase results in deliverables for the next phase and aims to gradually develop the system from inception of an idea through implementation and delivery.
PLANNING PHASE(1).pdf and designing phaseshamdiabdrhman
The document describes the systems development life cycle (SDLC), which includes planning, analysis, design, and implementation phases. It discusses the role of systems analysts in analyzing business situations, identifying opportunities for improvement, and designing information systems. Systems analysts work as part of a team with business and technical experts to develop systems that provide value to organizations.
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4. Introduction
Systems development is systematic process which
includes phases such as
Planning,
Analysis,
Design,
Deployment,
And Maintenance
Here, in this Course, we will primarily focus on:
Systems analysis
Systems design
System Analyses and Design
5. Systems Analysis
• It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts,
identifying the problems, and decomposition of a
system into its components.
• System analysis is conducted for the purpose of
studying a system or its parts in order to identify its
objectives.
• It is a problem solving technique that improves the
system and ensures that all the components of the
system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose.
• Analysis specifies what the system should do.
System Analyses and Design
6. Systems Analysis
What Is System Analysis About?
•Understanding the goals and strategies of the business.
•Defining the information requirements that support those goals
and strategies.
•It is not about programming.
System Analyst
• A business professional who uses analysis and design
techniques to solve business problems using information
technology.
System Analyses and Design
7. Systems Analysis
The Role of a System Analyst
•Investigate, analyze, design, develop, install, evaluate, and
maintain a company’s information systems.
•Business knowledge.
•Business problem solver.
•Help translate business requirements into IT projects.
System Analyses and Design
8. Systems Design
• It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing
an existing system by defining its components or modules to
satisfy the specific requirements.
• Before planning, you need to understand the old system
thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in
order to operate efficiently.
• System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective
of the system.
• System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on:
Systems
Processes
Technology
System Analyses and Design
9. System Analysis vs. System Design
System Analysis:
Investigation of the problem and requirement rather than
solution.
System Design:
A conceptual solution that fulfills the requirements, rather than
implementation.
System Analyses and Design
10. What is a System?
• The word System is derived from Greek word
Systema, which means an organized relationship
between any set of components to achieve some
common cause or objective.
• A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent
components linked together according to a plan to
achieve a specific goal.”
System Analyses and Design
11. What is a System?
What Is An Information System?
An information system is a collection of interrelated components t
hat collect, process and store, and provide as output the informati
on needed to complete a business task.
Examples of Information Systems
•Course registration system
•Online order system
•Online banking system
System Analyses and Design
12. What is a System?
Constraints of a System
A system must have three basic constraints:
1. A system must have some structure and behavior which is
designed to achieve a predefined objective.
2. Interconnectivity and interdependence must exist among
the system components.
3. The objectives of the organization have a higher priority than
the objectives of its subsystems.
For example, traffic management system, payroll system, automa
tic library system, human resources information system.
System Analyses and Design
13. Properties of a System
• Organization: Organization implies structure and order.
It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve
predetermined objectives.
• Interaction: It is defined by the manner in which the
components operate with each other. For example, in an
organization, purchasing department must interact with
production department and payroll with personnel department.
• Interdependence: Interdependence means how the
components of a system depend on one another. For proper
functioning, the components are coordinated and linked
together according to a specified plan. The output of one
subsystem is the required by other subsystem as input.
System Analyses and Design
14. Properties of a System
• Integration: - Integration is concerned with how a system
components are connected together. It means that the parts
of the system work together within the system even if each
part performs a unique function.
• Central Objective: - The objective of system must be central.
It may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an
organization to state an objective and operate to achieve
another. The users must know the main objective of a
computer application early in the analysis for a successful
design and conversion.
System Analyses and Design
16. Introduction
• An effective System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
should result in a high quality system that meets
customer expectations, reaches completion within time
and cost evaluations, and works effectively and
efficiently in the current and planned Information
Technology infrastructure.
• System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a
conceptual model which includes policies and procedures
for developing or altering systems throughout their life
cycles.
System Analyses and Design
17. Introduction
• SDLC is used by analysts to develop an information
system.
• SDLC includes the following activities:
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Testing
Deployment
Operations
Maintenance
System Analyses and Design
18. Phases of SDLC
• Systems Development Life Cycle is a systematic approach which
explicitly breaks down the work into phases that are required to
implement either new or modified Information System.
System Analyses and Design
20. Phases of SDLC
Feasibility Study or Planning
Define the problem and scope of existing system.
Overview the new system and determine its objectives.
Confirm project feasibility and produce the project Schedule.
During this phase, threats, constraints, integration and security
of system are also considered.
A feasibility report for the entire project is created at the end of
this phase.
System Analyses and Design
21. Phases of SDLC
Analysis and Specification
Gather, analyze, and validate the information.
Define the requirements and prototypes for new system.
Evaluate the alternatives and prioritize the requirements.
Examine the information needs of end-user and enhances the
system goal.
A Software Requirement Specification (SRS) document, which
specifies the software, hardware, functional, and network
requirements of the system is prepared at the end of this
phase.
System Analyses and Design
22. Phases of SDLC
System Design
Includes the design of application, network, databases, user
interfaces, and system interfaces.
Transform the SRS document into logical structure, which
contains detailed and complete set of specifications that can
be implemented in a programming language.
Create a contingency, training, maintenance, and operation
plan.
Review the proposed design. Ensure that the final design
must meet the requirements stated in SRS document.
Finally, prepare a design document which will be used during
next phases.
System Analyses and Design
23. Phases of SDLC
System Design
▪ Logical Design of the System
▪ Objects Identified
▪ Database Designed
▪ Program Specification drawn up
▪ Implementation Plan Drawn up
▪ Test Plan
System Analyses and Design
24. Phases of SDLC
Implementation
Implement the design into source code through coding.
Combine all the modules together into training environment th
at detects errors and defects.
A test report which contains errors is prepared through test pla
n that includes test related tasks such as test case generation,
testing criteria, and resource allocation for testing.
Integrate the information system into its environment and insta
ll the new system.
System Analyses and Design
25. Phases of SDLC
Implementation
▪ Write Programs
▪ Create Database
▪ Document System
▪ Train Users
▪ Trial run of the system
▪ Test andAccept
System Analyses and Design
26. Phases of SDLC
Maintenance/Support
Include all the activities such as phone support or physical
on-site support for users that is required once the system is
installing.
Implement the changes that software might undergo over a
period of time, or implement any new requirements after the
software is deployed at the customer location.
It also includes handling the residual errors and resolve any
issues that may exist in the system even after the testing phas
e.
Maintenance and support may be needed for a longer time for
large systems and for a short time for smaller systems.
System Analyses and Design
27. Phases of SDLC
Maintenance/Support
▪ Fix errors
▪ Add/Delete features as required by users
▪ Tune the System
▪ Continuously monitor system and assess performance
System Analyses and Design
28. Life Cycle of System Analysis and Design
a
System Analyses and Design
29. Phases of SDLC
• The Above diagram shows the complete life cycle of
the system during analysis and design phase.
System Analyses and Design
30. Tools used by Systems Analyst
Data Flow Diagram
Decision Tables
Modeling Language such as UML
Normalization of Databases
Testing tools
ISO/CMM procedure manuals
System Analyses and Design
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