The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and defines key terms related to quality. It describes SQA as encompassing quality management, software engineering processes, formal reviews, testing strategies, documentation control, and compliance with standards. Specific SQA activities mentioned include developing an SQA plan, participating in process development, auditing work products, and ensuring deviations are addressed. The document also discusses software reviews, inspections, reliability, and the reliability specification process.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and describes two types - quality of design and quality of conformance. It discusses quality concepts at the organizational, project, and process levels. It also describes software reviews, their types and purposes. Software quality assurance aims to establish organizational procedures and standards to achieve high quality software. Key SQA activities include applying technical methods, reviews, testing, enforcing standards and measurement.
The document discusses software quality management. It covers quality fundamentals like culture, costs and models. It describes quality management processes like quality assurance, verification and validation, reviews and audits. It discusses quality requirements, defect characterization and management techniques like static, people-intensive and dynamic techniques. The document provides details on quality measurement and testing to ensure software quality.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines SQA as using planned and systematic methods to evaluate software quality, standards, processes, and procedures. This ensures development follows standards and procedures through continuous monitoring, product evaluation, and audits. SQA activities include product evaluation and monitoring to ensure adherence to development plans, as well as product audits to thoroughly review products, processes, and documentation against established standards. Software reviews are used to uncover errors and defects during development in order to "purify" software requirements, design, code, and testing data before release.
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
This document discusses software quality assurance (SQA). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to provide confidence that software meets requirements and specifications. The document outlines important software quality factors like correctness, reliability, and maintainability. It describes SQA objectives in development and maintenance. Key principles of SQA involve understanding the development process, requirements, and how to measure conformance. Typical SQA activities include validation, verification, defect prevention and detection, and metrics. SQA can occur at different levels like testing, validation, and certification.
Quality, quality concepts
Software Quality Assurance
Software Reviews
Formal Technical Reviews
SQA Group Plan
ISO 9000, 9001
Example
Internal and external attributes
The document discusses software quality and defines key aspects:
- It explains the importance of software quality for users and developers.
- Qualities like correctness, reliability, efficiency are defined.
- Methods for measuring qualities like ISO 9126 standard are presented.
- Quality is important throughout the software development process.
- Both product quality and process quality need to be managed.
This lecture is about the detail definition of software quality and quality assurance. Provide details about software tesing and its types. Clear the basic concepts of software quality and software testing.
This document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and describes two types - quality of design and quality of conformance. It discusses quality concepts at the organizational, project, and process levels. It also describes software reviews, their types and purposes. Software quality assurance aims to establish organizational procedures and standards to achieve high quality software. Key SQA activities include applying technical methods, reviews, testing, enforcing standards and measurement.
The document discusses software quality management. It covers quality fundamentals like culture, costs and models. It describes quality management processes like quality assurance, verification and validation, reviews and audits. It discusses quality requirements, defect characterization and management techniques like static, people-intensive and dynamic techniques. The document provides details on quality measurement and testing to ensure software quality.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines SQA as using planned and systematic methods to evaluate software quality, standards, processes, and procedures. This ensures development follows standards and procedures through continuous monitoring, product evaluation, and audits. SQA activities include product evaluation and monitoring to ensure adherence to development plans, as well as product audits to thoroughly review products, processes, and documentation against established standards. Software reviews are used to uncover errors and defects during development in order to "purify" software requirements, design, code, and testing data before release.
The document discusses the software design process. It begins by explaining that software design is an iterative process that translates requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software. It then describes the main steps and outputs of the design process, which include transforming specifications into design models, reviewing designs for quality, and producing a design document. The document also covers key concepts in software design like abstraction, architecture, patterns, modularity, and information hiding.
This document discusses software quality assurance (SQA). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to provide confidence that software meets requirements and specifications. The document outlines important software quality factors like correctness, reliability, and maintainability. It describes SQA objectives in development and maintenance. Key principles of SQA involve understanding the development process, requirements, and how to measure conformance. Typical SQA activities include validation, verification, defect prevention and detection, and metrics. SQA can occur at different levels like testing, validation, and certification.
Quality, quality concepts
Software Quality Assurance
Software Reviews
Formal Technical Reviews
SQA Group Plan
ISO 9000, 9001
Example
Internal and external attributes
The document discusses software quality and defines key aspects:
- It explains the importance of software quality for users and developers.
- Qualities like correctness, reliability, efficiency are defined.
- Methods for measuring qualities like ISO 9126 standard are presented.
- Quality is important throughout the software development process.
- Both product quality and process quality need to be managed.
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
This document discusses different process models used in software development. It describes the key phases and characteristics of several common process models including waterfall, prototyping, V-model, incremental, iterative, spiral and agile development models. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Prototyping allows for user feedback earlier. The V-model adds verification and validation phases. Incremental and iterative models divide the work into smaller chunks to allow for iteration and user feedback throughout development.
Software testing is an important phase of the software development process that evaluates the functionality and quality of a software application. It involves executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Some key points:
- Software testing is needed to identify defects, ensure customer satisfaction, and deliver high quality products with lower maintenance costs.
- It is important for different stakeholders like developers, testers, managers, and end users to work together throughout the testing process.
- There are various types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and different methodologies like manual and automated testing. Proper documentation is also important.
- Testing helps improve the overall quality of software but can never prove that there
SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle. It is also called as Software development process. The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and definitions. It discusses key topics such as software quality, testing methods like static and dynamic testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and testing types including functional, non-functional, regression and security testing. The document is intended as an introduction to software testing principles and terminology.
This document provides course materials for the subject of Software Quality Management taught in the 8th semester of the Computer Science and Engineering department at A.V.C. College of Engineering in Mannampandal, India. It includes the syllabus, course objectives, textbook information, and an introductory section on fundamentals of software quality covering topics like hierarchical quality models, quality measurement, and metrics.
This Presentation shows That what is Agile methodology, its principles and key points and how it is different from other software development life cycle.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC), including its objectives, main phases, and models. The key phases are requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and operation/maintenance. Common models include waterfall, prototyping, spiral, and rapid application development (RAD). Waterfall is classical but inflexible, while prototyping allows customer feedback. Spiral reduces risks through iterations. RAD emphasizes reuse and rapid iterations. The conclusion recommends the RAD model for mashup development due to its speed, customer involvement, and support for modularized, multi-platform work.
The document discusses software testing concepts like verification, validation, whitebox testing, and blackbox testing. Verification ensures the product satisfies specifications, while validation ensures it meets customer requirements. Whitebox testing uses internal knowledge to test code, while blackbox testing treats the system as a black box without internal knowledge. The document also covers different types of testing like unit, integration, and functional testing.
The document discusses different types of software metrics that can be used to measure various aspects of software development. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process, while product metrics measure attributes of the software product. Project metrics are used to monitor and control software projects. Metrics need to be normalized to allow for comparison between different projects or teams. This can be done using size-oriented metrics that relate measures to the size of the software, or function-oriented metrics that relate measures to the functionality delivered.
The document discusses the software development process and defines key terms. It states that a software process organizes development activities and includes roles, workflows, procedures and standards. Following a defined process makes software development more orderly, predictable and repeatable. However, some view following a process as unnecessary overhead. The reality is that not following a process can lead to more rework that outweighs any initial time savings. The document also discusses software life cycle models, such as waterfall and iterative models, and how a good process is repeatable, predictable, adaptable, learnable and measurable.
This document provides an overview of quality management concepts and techniques for software engineering. It discusses quality assurance, software reviews, formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the ISO 9000 quality standards. The document includes slides on these topics with definitions, descriptions, and examples.
The document discusses the spiral model of software development. The spiral model is an iterative approach that combines prototyping and aspects of the waterfall model. It was defined by Barry Boehm in 1988 as a way to address risks through iterative evaluation and improvement of prototypes. The spiral model is best for medium to high risk projects where requirements are complex or expected to change. It involves evaluating prototypes, defining new prototypes based on learnings, and repeating this process until the final product is delivered.
The document discusses checkpoints in the software project management process. It describes three types of joint management reviews: major milestones, minor milestones, and status assessments. Major milestones provide visibility on system-wide issues and verify phase aims. Minor milestones review iteration content and authorize continued work. Status assessments provide frequent management insight. Different stakeholders have different concerns at checkpoints.
This document discusses requirements modeling in software engineering. It covers creating various models during requirements analysis, including scenario-based models, data models, class-oriented models, flow-oriented models, and behavioral models. These models form the requirements model, which is the first technical representation of a system. The document provides examples of writing use cases and constructing a preliminary use case diagram for a home security system called SafeHome. It emphasizes that requirements modeling lays the foundation for software specification and design.
The document discusses the key characteristics of software quality assurance (SQA), including the high complexity of software, limited opportunities to detect defects, and need for teamwork and coordination. It defines important SQA terms like software quality, errors, faults, and failures. The document outlines nine common causes of software errors and provides definitions for SQA and its objectives to systematically ensure software meets requirements and is developed within schedule and budget.
Risk management involves identifying potential problems, assessing their likelihood and impacts, and developing strategies to address them. There are two main risk strategies - reactive, which addresses risks after issues arise, and proactive, which plans ahead. Key steps in proactive risk management include identifying risks through checklists, estimating their probability and impacts, developing mitigation plans, monitoring risks and mitigation effectiveness, and adjusting plans as needed. Common risk categories include project risks, technical risks, and business risks.
This document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of Ian Sommerville's Software Engineering textbook. It introduces software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It discusses the objectives of software engineering, topics covered like frequently asked questions and professional responsibility. It also summarizes concepts like the software development process, methods, costs and challenges in the field.
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and quality control (QC). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to evaluate the development process and ensure software meets requirements. QC focuses on reviews, inspections, and tests to find and remove defects before product release. Formal technical reviews (FTRs) are important QC activities that involve evaluation of work products by other engineers to uncover errors early. The goal is to improve quality and catch the majority of defects in a cost-effective manner.
The document discusses software testing terminology, principles, and phases. It defines errors, faults, failures, and their relationships. It also covers software quality metrics and attributes like correctness, reliability, and maintainability. Twelve principles of software testing are outlined around test planning, invalid/unexpected inputs, regression testing, and integrating testing into the development lifecycle. The phases of a software project are described as requirements gathering, planning, design, development, and testing.
Software engineering a practitioners approach 8th edition pressman solutions ...Drusilla918
Full clear download( no error formatting) at: https://goo.gl/XmRyGP
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition pdf free download
software engineering a practitioner's approach 8th edition ppt
software engineering a practitioner's approach 6th edition pdf
software engineering pressman 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition
software engineering a practitioner's approach 9th edition pdf
software engineering a practitioner's approach 7th edition solution manual pdf
roger s. pressman
This document discusses different process models used in software development. It describes the key phases and characteristics of several common process models including waterfall, prototyping, V-model, incremental, iterative, spiral and agile development models. The waterfall model involves sequential phases from requirements to maintenance without iteration. Prototyping allows for user feedback earlier. The V-model adds verification and validation phases. Incremental and iterative models divide the work into smaller chunks to allow for iteration and user feedback throughout development.
Software testing is an important phase of the software development process that evaluates the functionality and quality of a software application. It involves executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors. Some key points:
- Software testing is needed to identify defects, ensure customer satisfaction, and deliver high quality products with lower maintenance costs.
- It is important for different stakeholders like developers, testers, managers, and end users to work together throughout the testing process.
- There are various types of testing like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and different methodologies like manual and automated testing. Proper documentation is also important.
- Testing helps improve the overall quality of software but can never prove that there
SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle. It is also called as Software development process. The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each step in the software development process.
This document provides an overview of software testing concepts and definitions. It discusses key topics such as software quality, testing methods like static and dynamic testing, testing levels from unit to acceptance testing, and testing types including functional, non-functional, regression and security testing. The document is intended as an introduction to software testing principles and terminology.
This document provides course materials for the subject of Software Quality Management taught in the 8th semester of the Computer Science and Engineering department at A.V.C. College of Engineering in Mannampandal, India. It includes the syllabus, course objectives, textbook information, and an introductory section on fundamentals of software quality covering topics like hierarchical quality models, quality measurement, and metrics.
This Presentation shows That what is Agile methodology, its principles and key points and how it is different from other software development life cycle.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
The document defines the software development life cycle (SDLC) and its phases. It discusses several SDLC models including waterfall, prototype, iterative enhancement, and spiral. The waterfall model follows sequential phases from requirements to maintenance with no overlap. The prototype model involves building prototypes for user feedback. The iterative enhancement model develops software incrementally. The spiral model is divided into risk analysis, engineering, construction, and evaluation cycles. The document also covers software requirements, elicitation through interviews and use cases, analysis through data, behavioral and functional modeling, and documentation in a software requirements specification.
The document discusses the software development life cycle (SDLC), including its objectives, main phases, and models. The key phases are requirements analysis, design, coding, testing, and operation/maintenance. Common models include waterfall, prototyping, spiral, and rapid application development (RAD). Waterfall is classical but inflexible, while prototyping allows customer feedback. Spiral reduces risks through iterations. RAD emphasizes reuse and rapid iterations. The conclusion recommends the RAD model for mashup development due to its speed, customer involvement, and support for modularized, multi-platform work.
The document discusses software testing concepts like verification, validation, whitebox testing, and blackbox testing. Verification ensures the product satisfies specifications, while validation ensures it meets customer requirements. Whitebox testing uses internal knowledge to test code, while blackbox testing treats the system as a black box without internal knowledge. The document also covers different types of testing like unit, integration, and functional testing.
The document discusses different types of software metrics that can be used to measure various aspects of software development. Process metrics measure attributes of the development process, while product metrics measure attributes of the software product. Project metrics are used to monitor and control software projects. Metrics need to be normalized to allow for comparison between different projects or teams. This can be done using size-oriented metrics that relate measures to the size of the software, or function-oriented metrics that relate measures to the functionality delivered.
The document discusses the software development process and defines key terms. It states that a software process organizes development activities and includes roles, workflows, procedures and standards. Following a defined process makes software development more orderly, predictable and repeatable. However, some view following a process as unnecessary overhead. The reality is that not following a process can lead to more rework that outweighs any initial time savings. The document also discusses software life cycle models, such as waterfall and iterative models, and how a good process is repeatable, predictable, adaptable, learnable and measurable.
This document provides an overview of quality management concepts and techniques for software engineering. It discusses quality assurance, software reviews, formal technical reviews, statistical quality assurance, software reliability, and the ISO 9000 quality standards. The document includes slides on these topics with definitions, descriptions, and examples.
The document discusses the spiral model of software development. The spiral model is an iterative approach that combines prototyping and aspects of the waterfall model. It was defined by Barry Boehm in 1988 as a way to address risks through iterative evaluation and improvement of prototypes. The spiral model is best for medium to high risk projects where requirements are complex or expected to change. It involves evaluating prototypes, defining new prototypes based on learnings, and repeating this process until the final product is delivered.
The document discusses checkpoints in the software project management process. It describes three types of joint management reviews: major milestones, minor milestones, and status assessments. Major milestones provide visibility on system-wide issues and verify phase aims. Minor milestones review iteration content and authorize continued work. Status assessments provide frequent management insight. Different stakeholders have different concerns at checkpoints.
This document discusses requirements modeling in software engineering. It covers creating various models during requirements analysis, including scenario-based models, data models, class-oriented models, flow-oriented models, and behavioral models. These models form the requirements model, which is the first technical representation of a system. The document provides examples of writing use cases and constructing a preliminary use case diagram for a home security system called SafeHome. It emphasizes that requirements modeling lays the foundation for software specification and design.
The document discusses the key characteristics of software quality assurance (SQA), including the high complexity of software, limited opportunities to detect defects, and need for teamwork and coordination. It defines important SQA terms like software quality, errors, faults, and failures. The document outlines nine common causes of software errors and provides definitions for SQA and its objectives to systematically ensure software meets requirements and is developed within schedule and budget.
Risk management involves identifying potential problems, assessing their likelihood and impacts, and developing strategies to address them. There are two main risk strategies - reactive, which addresses risks after issues arise, and proactive, which plans ahead. Key steps in proactive risk management include identifying risks through checklists, estimating their probability and impacts, developing mitigation plans, monitoring risks and mitigation effectiveness, and adjusting plans as needed. Common risk categories include project risks, technical risks, and business risks.
This document summarizes key concepts from the first chapter of Ian Sommerville's Software Engineering textbook. It introduces software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It discusses the objectives of software engineering, topics covered like frequently asked questions and professional responsibility. It also summarizes concepts like the software development process, methods, costs and challenges in the field.
The document discusses software quality assurance (SQA) and quality control (QC). It defines SQA as a planned set of activities to evaluate the development process and ensure software meets requirements. QC focuses on reviews, inspections, and tests to find and remove defects before product release. Formal technical reviews (FTRs) are important QC activities that involve evaluation of work products by other engineers to uncover errors early. The goal is to improve quality and catch the majority of defects in a cost-effective manner.
The document discusses software testing terminology, principles, and phases. It defines errors, faults, failures, and their relationships. It also covers software quality metrics and attributes like correctness, reliability, and maintainability. Twelve principles of software testing are outlined around test planning, invalid/unexpected inputs, regression testing, and integrating testing into the development lifecycle. The phases of a software project are described as requirements gathering, planning, design, development, and testing.
All software engineering works toward a single goal: to produce high-quality software
Software quality assurance (SQA) is an umbrella activity that is applied throughout the software process.
The SQA activities and technical review help us in ensuring the quality of software product
Software Process Models, The Linear Sequential Model, The Prototyping Model, The RAD Model, Evolutionary Process Models, Agile Process Model, Component-Based Development, Process, Product and Process.
Chapter 8 software quality assurance and configuration auditCliftone Mullah
This document discusses software quality assurance and configuration management. It defines quality assurance as forecasting and preventing quality problems. Software quality assurance aims to ensure software conforms to requirements. Key quality assurance activities include policies, reviews, checklists and testing. Software quality factors are categorized into product operations, revision and transition. Product operations factors include correctness, reliability, efficiency and usability. Formal technical reviews are planned meetings to uncover errors and ensure standards compliance. Guidelines are provided for organizing, preparing and conducting reviews.
In this technique, test cases are developed using the use cases of the system. A use case encompass the various actors and their interactions with the system. Use cases cover the complete transactions from start to finish. These test cases depict the actual use of software by the end user.
SE - Lecture 7 - Software Quality Reliability Mgmt - in lecture.pptxTangZhiSiang
This document discusses key concepts related to software quality including software quality assurance, software quality planning, software quality control, and software quality metrics. It defines software quality as having desirable attributes and approaches it through defect management and quality attributes. It explains that software quality management ensures the required level of product quality is achieved through procedures, standards, and quality data collection. Specifically, it outlines that software quality assurance is a monitoring process used throughout development to facilitate quality, software quality planning creates project-level quality plans, and software quality control ensures procedures are followed by development teams.
SOFTWARE MAINTAINANCE AND ITS KEY ASPECTS .pptxSONUKUMAR213838
it is about software engineering and includes the topic why software maintainance is necessary and types of software maintainance also icludes key aspects , types of software maintainance, need of software maintainance, SQA(softwatre Quality Assurance) and many more.
The document discusses software quality assurance. It defines software quality and lists important quality attributes. It states that quality assurance requires organization-wide policies and project-specific standards. Quality assurance activities include reviews, testing, enforcing standards and measurement. Reviews help validate quality and find issues. Quality assurance can improve reliability and reduce costs, but also requires additional resources.
The document provides an overview of topics related to software quality assurance including software testing strategies, project management, risk management, and maintenance. It discusses software quality assurance and defines verification and validation. It describes different testing types like unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and validation testing. It also covers ISO standards for testing, SQA plans, testing goals and attributes. Finally, it discusses testing approaches, strategies for validation testing, and the goals of system testing.
This document discusses strategies for software testing at different stages of development. It begins by outlining a strategic approach starting with component testing and working outward to integration testing. Different techniques are appropriate at different stages. The stages discussed include unit testing, integration testing, function testing, performance testing, acceptance testing, and installation testing. Details are provided on techniques for each stage like top-down vs bottom-up integration testing. The roles of testers, tools, and documentation are also summarized.
Verification ensures software meets specifications, while validation ensures it meets user needs. Both establish software fitness for purpose. Verification includes static techniques like inspections and formal methods to check conformance pre-implementation. Validation uses dynamic testing post-implementation. Techniques include defect testing to find inconsistencies, and validation testing to ensure requirements fulfillment. Careful planning via test plans is needed to effectively verify and validate cost-efficiently. The Cleanroom methodology applies formal specifications and inspections statically to develop defect-free software incrementally.
The document discusses software quality assurance and testing. It defines software quality as having two aspects - quality of design which includes requirements and specifications, and quality of conformance which focuses on implementation. Software Quality Assurance (SQA) includes quality management, effective engineering processes, formal techniques, testing strategies, documentation control, and measurement/reporting. SQA aims to ensure requirements quality, design quality, code quality, and effective quality control. Non-functional attributes like reliability, usability, and performance largely determine a software's subjective quality from a user's perspective.
The document discusses various topics related to software testing such as test case design strategies, levels of testing, test management, and test automation. It covers black box and white box test design approaches like boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, state-based testing and requirements-based testing. It also discusses different levels of testing from unit to system testing and the need for test planning, tracking, and reporting. The last unit covers test automation topics like skills required, challenges, and metrics.
The document discusses software testing and analysis. It describes the goals of verification and validation as establishing confidence that software is fit for purpose without being completely defect-free. Both verification and validation are whole-life cycle processes involving static and dynamic techniques to discover defects and assess usability. The document outlines different testing and inspection methods like unit testing, integration testing, walkthroughs, and inspections and their roles in the verification and validation process.
Testing software is conducted to ensure the system meets user needs and requirements. The primary objectives of testing are to verify that the right system was built according to specifications and that it was built correctly. Testing helps instill user confidence, ensures functionality and performance, and identifies any issues where the system does not meet specifications. Different types of testing include unit, integration, system, and user acceptance testing, which are done at various stages of the software development life cycle.
The document discusses the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC) and compares it to the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It outlines the key phases of the STLC including test planning, test environment setup, test case creation and execution, bug reporting, analysis and fixing. Validation ensures the product meets requirements while verification checks if it is built correctly. Common verification techniques discussed are reviews, inspections, walkthroughs, and testing approaches like unit testing, integration testing, system testing. The V-model is also summarized which involves creating test plans and documents at each stage to test the product as it is developed.
QA and testing are both important for software quality but have different goals. QA is a preventative, process-oriented activity aimed at preventing bugs, while testing is product-oriented and aimed at finding bugs. Key differences between QA and testing are outlined. The document also defines terms like quality control, verification and validation. It describes various testing types like unit, integration, system and acceptance testing as well as techniques like black-box vs white-box testing and manual vs automated testing. Concepts covered include test plans, cases, scripts, suites, logs, beds and deliverables. The importance of a successful test plan is emphasized.
Algorithmic Toolbox Certificate from Coursera for Aman AdhikariAman Adhikari
Certificate for online non-credit course authorized by University of California, San Diego and Higher School of Economics and offered through Coursera named, "Algorithmic Toolbox" for Aman Adhikari
This document discusses various concepts related to visual programming and event-driven programming in .NET. It covers the differences between procedural and event-driven programming, how events and event handlers work, and principles of software design like user interface design and goal-directed design processes. It also discusses implementation models, mental models, visual interface design including visual patterns, affordances, modes, dialog boxes, and file systems.
This document discusses formal methods in software engineering. It defines formal methods as techniques based on mathematical representation and analysis to produce consistent, complete and correct software specifications. Some key topics covered include formal specification languages, pre and post conditions, formal verification, advantages of formal specification in reducing errors and rework. It also discusses challenges in adopting formal methods like difficulty in scaling to large systems and fitting all problem domains. Examples are provided to illustrate specification of functions using logic symbols and assertions.
This document discusses various topics related to software testing and verification and validation (V&V). It begins with an overview of test plan creation and different types of testing such as unit, integration, system, and object-oriented testing. It then defines the key differences between verification and validation. The rest of the document provides more details on V&V techniques like static and dynamic verification, software inspections, and testing. It also covers testing fundamentals, principles, testability factors, and different testing techniques like black-box and white-box testing.
The document provides an overview of the Research Methodology course offered at Purbanchal University. The course is aimed at teaching students key concepts in research methods, including research design, data collection techniques, sampling methods, data analysis, and developing a research proposal. The course is divided into 8 sections that will cover topics such as defining a research problem, different types of research designs, methods of data collection and analysis, writing a research report and proposal. The overall goal is to equip students with the skills to select appropriate methodologies and effectively plan and conduct research studies.
Testing is the process of executing a program to find errors prior to delivery. There are various types of testing including unit, integration, system, and validation testing which help verify requirements are met and defects are discovered. The goal is to have confidence that the system is fit for purpose and meets user expectations depending on how critical the software is and the marketing environment.
The document discusses software requirements and specifications. It explains that requirements engineering is the process of establishing customer requirements for a system. Requirements can range from high-level abstract statements to detailed functional specifications. Both types of statements may be called requirements. The document also discusses different types of requirements like user requirements, system requirements, functional requirements, and non-functional requirements. It provides examples and explanations of each. The structure and intended users of a requirements document are also covered.
The document discusses various techniques for planning software projects, including scoping the project, estimating effort and timelines, identifying risks, creating schedules, and developing control strategies. It covers estimating project size through techniques like function point analysis and lines of code counting. It also discusses decomposing projects into sub-problems and estimating effort for each through methods like problem-based estimation and process-based estimation using standard components. Data flow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams are presented as tools for modeling systems and defining requirements.
The document discusses software requirement specification and the requirement engineering process. It describes how requirements are elicited from stakeholders, analyzed for consistency and completeness, and specified in a requirements document. The key activities in requirements engineering include requirements elicitation, analysis, validation, and management, which are iterative processes.
The document discusses various techniques for planning software projects, including scoping the project, estimating effort and timelines, identifying risks, creating schedules, and developing control strategies. It covers estimating project size through techniques like function point analysis and lines of code counting. It also discusses decomposing projects into sub-problems and estimating effort for each through methods like problem-based estimation and process-based estimation using standard components. Data flow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams are presented as tools for modeling systems and defining requirements.
This document outlines the syllabus for a Software Engineering course, including 11 topics that will be covered over several hours: Introduction to Software Engineering, Software Design, Using APIs, Software Tools and Environments, Software Processes, Software Requirements and Specifications, Software Validation, Software Evolution, Software Project Management, Formal Methods, and Specialized Systems Development. The main texts to be used are listed as two Software Engineering books by Sommerville and Pressman.
Software engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It involves theories, methods and tools to support the software development process from initial specification through maintenance. Key activities include specification, development, validation and evolution of software to meet changing needs. While techniques vary depending on the application type, fundamental principles like managed processes, dependability, requirements management and reuse apply universally.
Software engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It involves theories, methods and tools to support the software development process from initial specification through maintenance. Key activities include specification, development, validation and evolution of software to meet changing needs. While techniques may vary depending on the application type, fundamental principles like managed processes, dependability, requirements management and reuse apply universally.
Research problems involve identifying an issue that a researcher wants to solve. Selecting an appropriate research problem is the first stage of any research project. A good research problem needs to meet certain conditions like being relevant, significant, and having available resources and time to research the topic thoroughly.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It discusses key topics such as the meaning and importance of research, classification of research types, the research process, and characteristics of good research. Specifically, it covers:
- The objectives of research including exploration, description, diagnosis, and hypothesis testing.
- The significance of research in advancing knowledge and solving problems.
- How research follows the scientific method principles of clearly defined purpose, planned process, and justified conclusions.
- Classification of research as basic vs applied, descriptive vs analytical, quantitative vs qualitative, and conceptual vs empirical.
- The characteristics of good research as being systematic, logical, empirical, and having a clear purpose.
This document discusses data reduction and analysis techniques used in research methodology. It covers topics like data processing operations including editing, coding, classification and tabulation. Classification can be according to attributes or class intervals. Tabulation involves summarizing raw data into statistical tables for analysis. Simple tabulation provides information on independent questions while complex tabulation shows interrelated data categories. Analysis estimates unknown population parameters and tests hypotheses.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data in research. It describes two types of data: primary and secondary. Primary data is collected directly by the researcher, while secondary data was previously collected by someone else.
The document outlines several methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on observation and interview methods. Observation can be structured, unstructured, participant, or non-participant. Interviews can be personal or over the telephone. The document also discusses distinguishing features of experiments and surveys.
This document discusses socio-ethical issues in research. It addresses ethics in research, reasons for adhering to ethics like promoting honest results and building public support. It outlines standards like honesty, objectivity, and social responsibility. The document also discusses participants' rights to not participate, withdraw, give informed consent, and have their anonymity and confidentiality protected. Researchers have responsibilities to avoid unnecessary intrusion and behave with integrity.
This document discusses sampling decisions and techniques for research methodology. It covers the differences between a census and sample survey, as well as the steps to take in developing a sampling design, including defining the target population, selecting a sampling unit, developing a sampling frame, determining sample size based on parameters of interest and budget constraints, and choosing a sampling procedure. Key criteria for selecting a sampling procedure are minimizing both systematic bias from issues like an inappropriate sampling frame, and sampling error which can be reduced by increasing the sample size.
This document discusses various methods for collecting data in research. It describes two types of data: primary and secondary. Primary data is collected directly by the researcher, while secondary data was previously collected by someone else.
The document outlines several methods for collecting primary data, including observation, interviews, questionnaires, and schedules. It provides details on observation and interview methods. Observation can be structured, unstructured, participant, or non-participant. Interviews can be personal or over the telephone. The document also discusses distinguishing features of experiments and surveys.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better ProductivityRuchiRathor2
This is a great way to be more productive but a few things to
Keep in mind:
- The 8+8+8 rule offers a general guideline. You may need to adjust the schedule depending on your individual needs and commitments.
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- The key is to be mindful of your time allocation and strive for a healthy balance across the three categories.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
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Are you worried about your preparation for the UiPath Power Platform Functional Consultant Certification Exam? You can come to DumpsBase to download the latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam dumps (V11.02) to evaluate your preparation for the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam with the PDF format and testing engine software. The latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam questions and answers go over every subject on the exam so you can easily understand them. You won't need to worry about passing the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam if you master all of these UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 dumps (V11.02) of DumpsBase. #UIPATH-ADPV1 Dumps #UIPATH-ADPV1 #UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
3. Introduction
• Quality is defined as a characteristics or attributes of
something where as attributes refer to measurable
characteristics-things that we are able to compare to
known standards.
• There are two kinds of quality:
– Quality of design refers to the characteristics that designers
specify for an item. The grade of materials, tolerances and
performance specifications all contribute to the quality of
design.
– Quality of conformance is the degree to which the design
specifications are followed during manufacturing. Greater the
degree of conformance, the higher is the level of quality of
conformance
3
4. Continue…
• Software quality is defined as conformance to explicitly stated
functional and performance requirements, explicitly
documented development standards, and implicit
characteristics that are expected of all professionally
developed software.
4
5. Continue…
• In software development, quality of design encompasses
requirements, specifications, and the design of the system
where as quality of conformance is an issue focused primarily
on implementation.
• If the implementation follows the design and the resulting
system meets its requirements and performance goals,
conformance quality is high.
5
6. Software Quality Assurance(SQA)
• Software quality assurance (SQA) is an umbrella activity that
is applied throughout the software process.
• SQA encompasses:
– A quality management approach
– Effective software engineering technology
– Formal technical reviews
– Multi-tier testing strategy
– Control of software documentation and the changes made
to it
– A procedure to ensure compliance with software
development standards
– Measurement and reporting mechanism
6
7. SQA Activities
• SQA is composed of a variety of tasks associated with two
different constituencies- the software engineer who do
technical work and an SQA group that has responsibility for
quality assurance planning, oversight , record keeping analysis
and reporting.
• The charter of the SQA group is to assist software team in
achieving a high quality end product.
• The SEI recommends a set of SQA activities that address
quality assurance.
7
8. Activities…
• Prepare an SQA plan for a project
– The plan is developed during project planning and is reviewed
by all interested parties. SQA activities performed by the
software engineering team and the SQA team group are
governed by the plan. The plan identifies:
– Evaluations to be performed
– Audits and reviews to be performed
– Standards that are applicable to the project
– Procedures for error reporting and tracking
– Documents to be produced by the SQA team
– Amount of feedback provided to the software project team
8
9. Continue…
• Participates in the development of the project’s software
process description
– The software team selects a process for the work to be
performed
– The SQA reviews the process description for compliance
with organization policy, internal software standards,
externally imposed standards and other parts of software
project plan.
• Reviews software engineering activities to verify
compliances with defined software process
– The SQA group identifies, documents and track deviations
from the process and verifies that corrections have been
made.
9
10. Continue…
• Audits designated software work products to verify
compliance with those defined as part of the
software process
– The SQA reviews selected work products, identifies,
documents and track deviations; verifies that correction
have been made; and periodically reports the results of its
works to the project manager
• Ensures that deviations in software work and work
products are documented and handled according to a
documented procedures
• Records any noncompliance and reports to senior
management
10
11. Quality Concepts
• Concerned with ensuring that the required level of quality
is achieved in a software product.
• Three principal concerns:
– At the organizational level, quality management is concerned
with establishing a framework of organizational processes and
standards that will lead to high-quality software.
– At the project level, quality management involves the
application of specific quality processes and checking that these
planned processes have been followed.
– At the project level, quality management is also concerned with
establishing a quality plan for a project. The quality plan should
set out the quality goals for the project and define what
processes and standards are to be used.
11
12. Continue…
• Examples:
– No two products are similar
– All engineered and manufactured parts exhibit variation.
– Variation control is the heart of quality control.
12
13. Software Reviews
• Software reviews are a filter for the software engineering
process.
• Reviews are applied at various points during software
development and serve to uncover errors and defects that can
then be removed.
• Software reviews purify the software engineering activities
that we have called analysis , design and coding.
13
14. Continue…
• A review is a way of using the diversity of a group of people
to:
– Point out needed improvements in the product of a single
person or team;
– Confirm those parts of a product in which improvement is
either not desired or not needed;
– Achieve technical work of more uniform, or at least more
predictable, quality than can be achieved without reviews,
in order to make technical work more manageable.
14
15. Software Reviews
• A group examines part or all of a process or system and its
documentation to find potential problems.
• Software or documents may be 'signed off' at a
review which signifies that progress to the next
development stage has been approved by
management.
• There are different types of review with different objectives
– Inspections for defect removal (product);
– Reviews for progress assessment (product and process);
– Quality reviews (product and standards).
15
16. Quality Reviews
• A group of people carefully examine part or all
of a software system and its associated documentation.
• Code, designs, specifications, test plans, standards, etc. can all
be reviewed.
• Software or documents may be 'signed off' at a review which
signifies that progress to the next development stage has
been approved by management.
16
18. Program inspections
• These are peer reviews where engineers examine the source
of a system with the aim of discovering anomalies and
defects.
• Inspections do not require execution of a system so may be
used before implementation.
• They may be applied to any representation of the system
(requirements, design ,configuration data, test data, etc.).
• They have been shown to be an effective technique for
discovering program errors.
18
19. Inspection checklists
• Checklist of common errors should be used to
drive the inspection.
• Error checklists are programming language
dependent and reflect the characteristic errors that are likely
to arise in the language.
• In general, the 'weaker' the type checking, the larger the
checklist.
• Examples: Initialisation, Constant naming, loop
termination, array bounds, etc.
19
20. An inspection checklist (a)
Fault class Inspection check
Data faults Are all program variables initialized before their values are used?
Have all constants been named?
Should the upper bound of arrays be equal to the size of the
array or Size -1?
If character strings are used, is a delimiter explicitly assigned?
Is there any possibility of buffer overflow?
Control faults For each conditional statement, is the condition correct?
Is each loop certain to terminate?
Are compound statements correctly bracketed?
In case statements, are all possible cases accounted for?
If a break is required after each case in case statements, has it
been included?
Input/output faults Are all input variables used?
Are all output variables assigned a value before they are output?
Can unexpected inputs cause corruption?
20
21. An inspection checklist (b)
Fault class Inspection check
Interface faults Do all function and method calls have the correct number
of parameters?
Do formal and actual parameter types match?
Are the parameters in the right order?
If components access shared memory, do they have the
same model of the shared memory structure?
Storage management
faults
If a linked structure is modified, have all links been
correctly reassigned?
If dynamic storage is used, has space been allocated
correctly?
Is space explicitly deallocated after it is no longer
required?
Exception management
faults
Have all possible error conditions been taken into
account?
21
22. Software Reliability
Reliability is a measurable system attribute so non-functional
reliability requirements may be specified quantitatively. These
define the number of failures that are acceptable during
normal use of the system or the time in which the system
must be available.
• Functional reliability requirements define system and
software functions that avoid, detect or tolerate faults in the
software and so ensure that these faults do not lead to system
failure.
• Software reliability requirements may also be included to
cope with hardware failure or operator error.
22
23. Software Reliability
• Reliability
– The probability of failure-free system operation over a
specified time in a given environment for a given purpose
• Availability
– The probability that a system, at a point in time, will be
operational and able to deliver the requested services
• Both of these attributes can be expressed quantitatively e.g.
availability of 0.999 means that the system is up and running
for 99.9% of the time.
23
24. Reliability Specification Process
• Risk identification
– Identify the types of system failure that may lead to
economic losses.
• Risk analysis
– Estimate the costs and consequences of the different types
of software failure.
• Risk decomposition
– Identify the root causes of system failure.
• Risk reduction
– Generate reliability specifications, including quantitative
requirements defining the acceptable levels of failure.
24
25. Types of system failure
Failure type Description
Loss of service The system is unavailable and cannot deliver its services to
users. You may separate this into loss of critical services and
loss of non-critical services, where the consequences of a
failure in non-critical services are less than the consequences of
critical service failure.
Incorrect service delivery The system does not deliver a service correctly to users. Again,
this may be specified in terms of minor and major errors or
errors in the delivery of critical and non-critical services.
System/data corruption The failure of the system causes damage to the system itself or
its data. This will usually but not necessarily be in conjunction
with other types of failures.
25
26. Reliability Metrics
• Reliability metrics are units of measurement of system
reliability.
• System reliability is measured by counting the number of
operational failures and, where appropriate, relating these to
the demands made on the system and the time that the
system has been operational.
• A long-term measurement programme is required to assess
the reliability of critical systems.
• Metrics
– Probability of failure on demand
– Rate of occurrence of failures/Mean time to failure
– Availability
26
27. Examples: Probability of failure on
demand (POFOD)
• This is the probability that the system will fail when a service
request is made. Useful when demands for service are
intermittent and relatively infrequent.
• Appropriate for protection systems where services are
demanded occasionally and where there are serious
consequence if the service is not delivered.
• Relevant for many safety-critical systems with exception
management components
– Emergency shutdown system in a chemical plant.
27
28. Rate of fault occurrence (ROCOF)
• Reflects the rate of occurrence of failure in the system.
• ROCOF of 0.002 means 2 failures are likely in each 1000
operational time units e.g. 2 failures per 1000 hours of
operation.
• Relevant for systems where the system has to process a large
number of similar requests in a short time
– Credit card processing system, airline booking system.
• Reciprocal of ROCOF is Mean time to Failure (MTTF)
– Relevant for systems with long transactions i.e. where
system processing takes a long time (e.g. CAD systems).
MTTF should be longer than expected transaction length.
28
29. Perceptions of reliability
• The formal definition of reliability does not always reflect the
user’s perception of a system’s reliability
– The assumptions that are made about the environment
where a system will be used may be incorrect
• Usage of a system in an office environment is likely to
be quite different from usage of the same system in a
university environment
– The consequences of system failures affects the perception
of reliability
• Unreliable windscreen wipers in a car may be irrelevant
in a dry climate
• Failures that have serious consequences (such as an
engine breakdown in a car) are given greater weight by
users than failures that are inconvenient
29
30. Reliability and specifications
• Reliability can only be defined formally with respect to a
system specification i.e. a failure is a deviation from a
specification.
• However, many specifications are incomplete or incorrect –
hence, a system that conforms to its specification may ‘fail’
from the perspective of system users.
• Furthermore, users don’t read specifications so don’t know
how the system is supposed to behave.
• Therefore perceived reliability is more important in practice.
30