The skeletal system includes bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments. It is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and storage. There are four types of bones: long, short, flat, and irregular. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones that are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and their attaching girdles). Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, and are living tissues that undergo remodeling. The skeletal system includes various bone cell types and bone is composed of inorganic minerals and organic matrix. Common diseases include osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and Paget's disease.
QUICK guide to Skeletal System- Dr Gurjant Singh (PT)Dr. Gurjant Singh
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The document summarizes the skeletal system. It discusses that the skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. It then describes the main components of the axial skeleton - the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The skull is made up of numerous flat and irregular bones that form the cranium and face. The vertebral column consists of 26 vertebrae and intervertebral discs. The thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae.
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints and ligaments. The 206 bones in the human body are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and their attachments). The axial skeleton supports the trunk and protects vital organs. It includes the skull, which protects the brain, and the vertebral column, which supports the head and trunk. The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, which attaches the upper limbs, and the pelvic girdle, which attaches the lower limbs. Together the skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection and more for the human body.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system. It describes the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, pelvis, and extremities. It discusses the types of joints in the body including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It also covers the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle fibers and their attachments, blood supply, and function. The document is an introductory overview of the key components and structures of the musculoskeletal system.
The skeletal system includes bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments. It is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and storage. There are four types of bones: long, short, flat, and irregular. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and limbs.
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones that are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and their attaching girdles). Bones provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation, and are living tissues that undergo remodeling. The skeletal system includes various bone cell types and bone is composed of inorganic minerals and organic matrix. Common diseases include osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and Paget's disease.
QUICK guide to Skeletal System- Dr Gurjant Singh (PT)Dr. Gurjant Singh
So you have read well about human skeletal system and now just want to revise or go through it quickly? Here is the perfect one for you
Dont forget to like and follow for more presentations
The document summarizes the skeletal system. It discusses that the skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. It then describes the main components of the axial skeleton - the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The skull is made up of numerous flat and irregular bones that form the cranium and face. The vertebral column consists of 26 vertebrae and intervertebral discs. The thoracic cage is formed by the sternum, ribs, costal cartilages, and thoracic vertebrae.
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints and ligaments. The 206 bones in the human body are divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and appendicular skeleton (limbs and their attachments). The axial skeleton supports the trunk and protects vital organs. It includes the skull, which protects the brain, and the vertebral column, which supports the head and trunk. The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral girdle, which attaches the upper limbs, and the pelvic girdle, which attaches the lower limbs. Together the skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection and more for the human body.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system. It describes the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, pelvis, and extremities. It discusses the types of joints in the body including fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. It also covers the microscopic structure of skeletal muscle fibers and their attachments, blood supply, and function. The document is an introductory overview of the key components and structures of the musculoskeletal system.
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. It supports the body, protects organs, allows for movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and sternum, and protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs. It is composed of numerous bones that connect to form the cranium, face, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. The skeletal system provides structure, movement, and protection for the human body.
The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones that perform several important functions. The skeletal system can be divided into the axial skeleton, which includes the bones of the head, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs. Key bones include the skull, vertebrae, ribs, clavicle, and bones of the upper and lower appendages. The skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection, storage, and blood cell production for the body.
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, and storage. The skeleton is composed of bones and cartilage. There are two types of bones - compact bone which makes up the outer layer and is very dense, and cancellous bone which is less dense and found in the interior. Bones are composed of cells including osteoblasts which form bone, osteocytes which are mature bone cells, and osteoclasts which resorb bone. The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the limbs. Bones provide structure, protect organs, allow for movement, store minerals, and produce blood cells.
I do not have enough context from the document to summarize the key points of how specific muscles enable walking, running, jumping or their mechanisms. The document provides a detailed anatomical overview of the musculoskeletal system but does not explain those specific activities.
The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal and muscular systems. The skeletal system includes 206 bones that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, upper and lower limbs). Bones develop through the processes of ossification and remodeling. The skeletal system works with muscles to allow movement and protect organs.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human skeletal system including its functions of support, movement, protection and blood cell production. It describes the main components of the skeletal system such as bones, joints and ligaments. It provides classifications of bones, joints and muscles. Key facts presented include that the adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and examples of the different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints.
The document provides information about the musculoskeletal system, which is composed of three subsystems: the skeletal system, articular system, and muscular system. It describes the anatomy and functions of the bones, joints, and muscles that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder, pelvis, upper and lower limbs). The skeletal system provides structure, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation. Typical bones have projections like processes and depressions like foramina that serve attachment and passage functions.
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
A long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow.
The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone.
The wider section at each end of the bone is called the epiphysis (plural = epiphyses), which is filled with spongy bone.
The medullary cavity has a delicate membranous lining called the endosteum (end- = “inside”; oste- = “bone”), where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur. The outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane called the periosteum (peri- = “around” or “surrounding”). The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone.Flat bones, like those of the cranium, consist of a layer of diploë (spongy bone), lined on either side by a layer of compact bone .Four types of cells are found within bone tissue: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts .Compact bone is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue ,spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles. Bones of the axial skeleton protect internal organs that includes skull (22), vertebral column (26), thoracic cage (25), ear bones (6) & Hyoid (1) TOTAL = 80
Bones of the appendicular skeleton facilitate movement with TOTAL 126 (64 in the upper & 62 in the lower) appendicular skeleton.
126+80=206.Skull bones:
The adult skull comprises 22 bones. These bones can be further classified by location:
Cranial bones: The 8 cranial bones form the bulk of your skull. They help to protect your brain.
Facial bones: There are 14 facial bones. They’re found on the front of the skull and make up the face.
Vertebral column:
The vertebral column is made up 33 bones.
Cervical vertebrae: These 7 bones are found in the head and neck.
Thoracic vertebrae: These 12 bones are found in the upper back.
Lumbar vertebrae: These 5 bones are found in the lower back.
The sacrum (5) and coccyx (4) are both made up of several fused vertebrae. Thoracic cage: The thoracic cage is made up of the sternum (breastbone) and 12 pairs of ribs.
These bones form a protective cage around the organs of the upper part, including the heart and lungs & gives attachment to muscles involved in respiration and upper limb movement.
The sternum consists of the manubrium, body of the sternum, and xiphoid process.
Ribs 1-7 are called true ribs because they attached directly to the sternum in front and vertebrae at back
Ribs 8-12 are known as false ribs.
the last two false ribs (11 & 12), have no anterior attachment, are called floating, fluctuating or vertebral ribs.
Ear bones (6):
Bones of the inner ear: Inside the temporal bone are the 3 smallest bones of the body:
Malleus
Incus
Stapes ( the smallest bone in the body) etc..
The document summarizes the division of the skeletal system into the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It forms the vertical axis of the body. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the limbs and their attachments via girdles. The skull is made up of 28 cranial bones including the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, as well as 14 facial bones such as the maxilla, zygomatic, and mandible.
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicularRupaSingh83
The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints of the body. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum, which form the core of the body. The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs and their attachments. The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement and mineral storage. It is divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons, with over 200 bones that can be classified by shape.
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, and bones of the thorax. It provides protection for vital organs and structures of the head and trunk. The skull is formed from 22 bones including 8 cranial bones that form the neurocranium. The vertebral column is made up of 26 bones including 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum, and coccyx. The thorax contains ribs and sternum that protect the heart and lungs.
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, and other connective tissues. It has several functions including support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage. There are different types of bones classified by shape, organization, and histological structure. Long bones have a shaft and two ends, while other bones like those in the skull are flat, irregular, or short. Cartilage is weaker but more flexible than bone and found in joints. The skeletal system includes the axial skeleton of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and appendicular skeleton of shoulder, pelvis, and limbs.
The skeletal system comprises 206 bones that support the body and allow for movement. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, while the appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs attached to the axial skeleton. The skull protects the brain and is divided into cranial and facial bones. The vertebral column is made up of individual vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and allow for flexibility. Bones are living tissues composed of minerals and connective tissues. The skeletal system provides structure, protects organs, allows body movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.
This document provides information about the skeletal system, specifically focusing on the axial skeleton. It defines the main types of bones and classifies them as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid. It then describes the functions of bones and divides the skeletal system into the axial and appendicular skeleton. The majority of the document describes the bones that make up the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It provides details on the individual bones of the skull and vertebral column, including their features and locations.
The document provides information about bones and the skeletal system. It discusses the following key points:
- Bones make up the skeletal system and provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and fat storage.
- The skeletal system includes long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. It is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
- The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It protects organs and allows movement.
- Bones are made of compact bone, spongy bone, periosteum, and marrow. A typical long bone has a diaphysis, epiphyses
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones that form the framework of the body. There are two main parts - the axial skeleton along the body's central axis including the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage, and the appendicular skeleton of the limbs. The axial skeleton has 80 bones and protects internal organs. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Together the skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage, and triglyceride reserves for the body.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, describing the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, upper and lower limbs, and their key features. It discusses the 206 bones in the adult skeleton, their classification into the axial and appendicular skeleton, and surface markings. Specific bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and upper and lower limbs are then described in detail.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, describing the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, upper and lower limbs, and their key features. It discusses the 206 bones in the adult skeleton, their classification into the axial and appendicular skeleton, and surface markings. Specific bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and upper and lower limbs are then described in detail.
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE Jitendra Bhargav
This document provides an overview of the skeletal system. It begins with classifying the different types of bones as long, short, flat, or irregular. It then describes the axial and appendicular skeleton in detail, identifying the specific bones that make up each part. Finally, it reviews bone tissue, the process of bone formation, growth and remodeling, and the three types of joints and movements they allow. The skeletal system has important functions of support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation.
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, joints, and ligaments. It supports the body, protects organs, allows for movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells. The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, and sternum, and protects the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs. It is composed of numerous bones that connect to form the cranium, face, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum. The skeletal system provides structure, movement, and protection for the human body.
The skeletal system is composed of 206 bones that perform several important functions. The skeletal system can be divided into the axial skeleton, which includes the bones of the head, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, and the appendicular skeleton, which includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs. Key bones include the skull, vertebrae, ribs, clavicle, and bones of the upper and lower appendages. The skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection, storage, and blood cell production for the body.
The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement, and storage. The skeleton is composed of bones and cartilage. There are two types of bones - compact bone which makes up the outer layer and is very dense, and cancellous bone which is less dense and found in the interior. Bones are composed of cells including osteoblasts which form bone, osteocytes which are mature bone cells, and osteoclasts which resorb bone. The skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton which includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the limbs. Bones provide structure, protect organs, allow for movement, store minerals, and produce blood cells.
I do not have enough context from the document to summarize the key points of how specific muscles enable walking, running, jumping or their mechanisms. The document provides a detailed anatomical overview of the musculoskeletal system but does not explain those specific activities.
The musculoskeletal system consists of the skeletal and muscular systems. The skeletal system includes 206 bones that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder and pelvic girdles, upper and lower limbs). Bones develop through the processes of ossification and remodeling. The skeletal system works with muscles to allow movement and protect organs.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human skeletal system including its functions of support, movement, protection and blood cell production. It describes the main components of the skeletal system such as bones, joints and ligaments. It provides classifications of bones, joints and muscles. Key facts presented include that the adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones, and examples of the different types of joints like ball-and-socket and hinge joints.
The document provides information about the musculoskeletal system, which is composed of three subsystems: the skeletal system, articular system, and muscular system. It describes the anatomy and functions of the bones, joints, and muscles that make up the axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, rib cage) and appendicular skeleton (shoulder, pelvis, upper and lower limbs). The skeletal system provides structure, movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation. Typical bones have projections like processes and depressions like foramina that serve attachment and passage functions.
ANATOMICAL FAETURES OF BONES FOR NURSING STUDENTS .pptxWINCY THIRUMURUGAN
A long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone.
The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow.
The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone.
The wider section at each end of the bone is called the epiphysis (plural = epiphyses), which is filled with spongy bone.
The medullary cavity has a delicate membranous lining called the endosteum (end- = “inside”; oste- = “bone”), where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur. The outer surface of the bone is covered with a fibrous membrane called the periosteum (peri- = “around” or “surrounding”). The periosteum contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone.Flat bones, like those of the cranium, consist of a layer of diploë (spongy bone), lined on either side by a layer of compact bone .Four types of cells are found within bone tissue: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts .Compact bone is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue ,spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, contains osteocytes housed in lacunae, but they are not arranged in concentric circles. Bones of the axial skeleton protect internal organs that includes skull (22), vertebral column (26), thoracic cage (25), ear bones (6) & Hyoid (1) TOTAL = 80
Bones of the appendicular skeleton facilitate movement with TOTAL 126 (64 in the upper & 62 in the lower) appendicular skeleton.
126+80=206.Skull bones:
The adult skull comprises 22 bones. These bones can be further classified by location:
Cranial bones: The 8 cranial bones form the bulk of your skull. They help to protect your brain.
Facial bones: There are 14 facial bones. They’re found on the front of the skull and make up the face.
Vertebral column:
The vertebral column is made up 33 bones.
Cervical vertebrae: These 7 bones are found in the head and neck.
Thoracic vertebrae: These 12 bones are found in the upper back.
Lumbar vertebrae: These 5 bones are found in the lower back.
The sacrum (5) and coccyx (4) are both made up of several fused vertebrae. Thoracic cage: The thoracic cage is made up of the sternum (breastbone) and 12 pairs of ribs.
These bones form a protective cage around the organs of the upper part, including the heart and lungs & gives attachment to muscles involved in respiration and upper limb movement.
The sternum consists of the manubrium, body of the sternum, and xiphoid process.
Ribs 1-7 are called true ribs because they attached directly to the sternum in front and vertebrae at back
Ribs 8-12 are known as false ribs.
the last two false ribs (11 & 12), have no anterior attachment, are called floating, fluctuating or vertebral ribs.
Ear bones (6):
Bones of the inner ear: Inside the temporal bone are the 3 smallest bones of the body:
Malleus
Incus
Stapes ( the smallest bone in the body) etc..
The document summarizes the division of the skeletal system into the axial and appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It forms the vertical axis of the body. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the limbs and their attachments via girdles. The skull is made up of 28 cranial bones including the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones, as well as 14 facial bones such as the maxilla, zygomatic, and mandible.
Skeletal System and division of axial and appendicularRupaSingh83
The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints of the body. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum, which form the core of the body. The appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs and their attachments. The skeletal system provides structure, protection, movement and mineral storage. It is divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons, with over 200 bones that can be classified by shape.
The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, and bones of the thorax. It provides protection for vital organs and structures of the head and trunk. The skull is formed from 22 bones including 8 cranial bones that form the neurocranium. The vertebral column is made up of 26 bones including 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar vertebrae, the sacrum, and coccyx. The thorax contains ribs and sternum that protect the heart and lungs.
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, and other connective tissues. It has several functions including support, protection, movement, blood cell formation, and mineral storage. There are different types of bones classified by shape, organization, and histological structure. Long bones have a shaft and two ends, while other bones like those in the skull are flat, irregular, or short. Cartilage is weaker but more flexible than bone and found in joints. The skeletal system includes the axial skeleton of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and appendicular skeleton of shoulder, pelvis, and limbs.
The skeletal system comprises 206 bones that support the body and allow for movement. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, while the appendicular skeleton includes the upper and lower limbs attached to the axial skeleton. The skull protects the brain and is divided into cranial and facial bones. The vertebral column is made up of individual vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and allow for flexibility. Bones are living tissues composed of minerals and connective tissues. The skeletal system provides structure, protects organs, allows body movement, stores minerals, and produces blood cells.
This document provides information about the skeletal system, specifically focusing on the axial skeleton. It defines the main types of bones and classifies them as long, short, flat, irregular, or sesamoid. It then describes the functions of bones and divides the skeletal system into the axial and appendicular skeleton. The majority of the document describes the bones that make up the axial skeleton, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It provides details on the individual bones of the skull and vertebral column, including their features and locations.
The document provides information about bones and the skeletal system. It discusses the following key points:
- Bones make up the skeletal system and provide structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and fat storage.
- The skeletal system includes long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. It is divided into the axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.
- The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum. It protects organs and allows movement.
- Bones are made of compact bone, spongy bone, periosteum, and marrow. A typical long bone has a diaphysis, epiphyses
The skeletal system consists of 206 bones that form the framework of the body. There are two main parts - the axial skeleton along the body's central axis including the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage, and the appendicular skeleton of the limbs. The axial skeleton has 80 bones and protects internal organs. The appendicular skeleton has 126 bones and includes the shoulder and pelvic girdles and upper and lower limbs. Together the skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection, blood cell production, mineral storage, and triglyceride reserves for the body.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, describing the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, upper and lower limbs, and their key features. It discusses the 206 bones in the adult skeleton, their classification into the axial and appendicular skeleton, and surface markings. Specific bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and upper and lower limbs are then described in detail.
The document provides an overview of the skeletal system, describing the bones that make up the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, upper and lower limbs, and their key features. It discusses the 206 bones in the adult skeleton, their classification into the axial and appendicular skeleton, and surface markings. Specific bones of the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and upper and lower limbs are then described in detail.
THE SKELETON SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY SLIDESHARE Jitendra Bhargav
This document provides an overview of the skeletal system. It begins with classifying the different types of bones as long, short, flat, or irregular. It then describes the axial and appendicular skeleton in detail, identifying the specific bones that make up each part. Finally, it reviews bone tissue, the process of bone formation, growth and remodeling, and the three types of joints and movements they allow. The skeletal system has important functions of support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood cell formation.
Similar to Skeletal System presentation for college.pdf (20)
The musiconn services for musicologists and music librariansJürgen Diet
These slides have been presented in a presentation by Jürgen Diet at the IAML-congress 2024 in Stellenbosch ("International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Documentation Centers"). Jürgen Diet is the deputy head of the music department in the Bavarian State Library.
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Skeletal System presentation for college.pdf
1. SKELETAL SYSTEM
Prepared By
Doppalapudi Sandeep
M. Pharmacy,
Assistant Professor
Department of Physiology & Pharmacology
Chebrolu Hanumaiah Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chandramoulipuram, Chowdavaram,
Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India – 522019
2. The Skeletal System
• Parts of the skeletal system include:
– Bones (skeleton)
– Joints
– Cartilages
– Ligaments
• Divided into two divisions:
1. Axial skeleton – 80 bones
2. Appendicular skeleton – 126 bones
3. Functions of Bones
• Framework
– Supports muscle, fat and skin
• Protection
– Surrounds vital organs like skull, ribs, pelvis
• Movement
– Muscles attach to bones to provide movement
• Mineral homeostasis
– Stores and maintain minerals (Calcium & phosphorus)
• Production of blood cells
– Red bone marrow – produes Red and white blood cells and platelets
• Storage
– Calcium
– Yellow bone marrow – has adipocytes – stores fat.
4. Classification of Bones
• Long bones
– Typically longer than wide
– Have a shaft with heads at both ends
– Contain mostly compact bone
• Examples: Femur, humerus
• Short bones
– Generally cube-shape
– Contain mostly spongy bone
• Examples: Carpals, tarsals
5. Classification of Bones
• Flat bones
– Thin and flattened, usually curved
– Thin layers of compact bone around a layer
of spongy bone
• Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum
• Irregular bones
– Irregular in shape
– Do not fit into other bone classification
categories
• Example: Vertebrae and hip
6.
7. Gross Anatomy
of a Long Bone
• Diaphysis
– Shaft
– Composed of compact
bone
• Epiphysis
– Ends of the bone
– Composed mostly of
spongy bone
9. The Axial Skeleton
• Forms the longitudinal part of the body
• Divided into three parts
– Skull
– Vertebral column
– Bony thorax
10. Skull (Cranium)
• Consists of 22 bones
• Bones of the skull are grouped into two categories:
– Cranial bones - Eight cranial bones form the cranial cavity
– Frontal bone,
– two parietal bones,
– two temporal bones,
– the occipital bone,
– the sphenoid bone,
– ethmoid bone
– Facial bones - Fourteen facial bones form the face
– Two nasal bones,
– two maxillae,
– two zygomatic bones,
– the mandible,
– two lacrimal bones,
– two palatine bones,
– two inferior nasal conchae and vomer
11. Skull
• The cranial and facial bones protect and support
special sense organs and the brain.
• Besides forming the large cranial cavity, the skull
also forms several smaller cavities
– Nasal cavity
– Orbits (eye sockets)
– Paranasal sinuses
– Small cavities which house organs involved in hearing
and equilibrium
13. Skull
• Immovable joints called sutures fuse most of the skull
bones together.
• The skull provides large areas of attachment for
muscles that move various parts of the head.
• Skull and facial bones provide attachment for muscles
that produce facial expressions.
• The facial bones form the framework of the face and
provide support for the entrances to the digestive and
respiratory systems.
14. Skull (Cranial Bones)
• Frontal Bone
– Forms the forehead
• Parietal Bones
– Form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity
• Temporal Bones
– Form the lateral aspects and floor of the cranium
• Occipital Bone
– Forms the posterior part and most of the base of the cranium
• Sphenoid Bone
– Lies at the middle part of the base of the skull
• Ethmoid Bone
– Located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to
the orbits
– A major superior supporting structure of the nasal cavity
– Contain thin projections called conchae which are lined by mucous
membranes
– Increased surface area in the nasal cavity helps to humidify inhaled air
trapping inhaled particles
16. Skull (Facial Bones)
• Nasal Bones
– Form the bridge of the nose
• Maxillae
– Form the upper jawbone and most of the hard palate
– Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
• Zygomatic Bones (Cheek bones)
– form the prominences of the cheeks
• Lacrimal Bones
– Form a part of the medial wall of each orbit
• Palatine Bones
– Form the posterior portion of the hard palate
• Inferior Nasal Conchae
– Form a part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
17. Skull (Facial Bones)
• Vomer
– Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
• Mandible
– Lower jawbone and the only movable skull bone
– The largest, strongest facial bone
• Nasal Septum
– Divides the interior of the nasal cavity into right and left sides
• Orbits
– Eye socket
• Foramina
– Openings for blood vessels, nerves or ligaments of the skull
21. Paranasal Sinuses
• Hollow portions of bones surrounding the
nasal cavity
• Functions:
– Lighten the skull
– Give resonance and
amplification to voice
– Warm and moisten
air
22. The Hyoid Bone
• The only bone that
does not articulate
with another bone
• Serves as a
moveable base for
the tongue
• The hyoid bone also
helps to keep the
larynx (voice box)
open at all times
23. Vertebral Column
• Also called the spine, backbone, or spinal column
• Functions:
– Protect the spinal cord
– Support the head
– Serve as a point of attachment for the ribs, pelvic girdle, and
muscles
• The vertebral column is curved to varying degrees in
different locations
– Curves increase the column strength
– Help maintain balance in the upright position
– Absorb shocks during walking, and help protect the vertebrae from
fracture
24. Vertebral Column
• Composed of a series of bones called vertebrae
(Adult=26)
– 7 cervical are in the neck region
– 12 thoracic are posterior to the thoracic cavity
– 5 lumbar support the lower back
– 1 sacrum consists of five fused sacral vertebrae
– 1 coccyx consists of four fused coccygeal vertebrae
26. Intervertebral Discs
• Found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
• Functions to:
– Form strong joints
– Permit various movements of the vertebral column
– Absorb vertical shock
• Vertebrae typically consist of:
– A Body (weight bearing)
– A vertebral arch (surrounds the spinal cord)
– Several processes (points of attachment for muscles)
27. Vertebral Column (Regions)
• Cervical Region
– Cervical vertebrae (C1–C7)
– The atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra
– The axis (C2) is the second cervical vertebra
• Thoracic Region
– Thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12)
– Articulate with the ribs
• Lumbar Region
– Lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5)
– Provide for the attachment of the large back muscles
• Sacrum
– The sacrum is a triangular bone formed by the union of five
sacral vertebrae (S1–S5)
– Serves as a strong foundation for the pelvic girdle
• Coccyx
– The coccyx, like the sacrum, is triangular in shape
– It is formed by the fusion of usually four coccygeal vertebrae
32. Thorax
• Thoracic cage is formed by the:
– Sternum
– Ribs
– Costal cartilages
– Thoracic vertebrae
• Functions to:
– Enclose and protect the organs in the thoracic and
abdominal cavities
– Provide support for the bones of the upper limbs
– Play a role in breathing
33. Thorax
• Sternum
– “Breastbone” located in the center of the thoracic wall
– Consists of the manubrium, body, xiphoid process
• Ribs
– Twelve pairs of ribs give structural support to the sides of the
thoracic cavity
– True ribs (7 pairs), False ribs (3 Pairs) and floating ribs(2 pairs).
• Costal cartilages
– Costal cartilages contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic cage
38. Upper Limb
• The pectoral girdle consists of two bones,
the scapula and the clavicle
• The free part has 30 bones
• 1 humerus (arm)
• 1 ulna (forearm)
• 1 radius (forearm)
• 8 carpals (wrist)
• 19 metacarpal and phalanges (hand)
39. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
• Composed of two bones
– Clavicle – collarbone
– Scapula – shoulder blade
• These bones allow the upper limb to have
exceptionally free movement.
• The clavicle is convex in shape anteriorly
near the sternal junction
• The clavicle is concave anteriorly on its
lateral edge near the acromion
41. Pectoral Girdle - Scapula
• Also called the shoulder blade
• Triangular in shape
• Most notable features include the spine,
acromion, coracoid process and the
glenoid cavity
43. Features on the Scapula
• Spine - a large process on the posterior of
the scapula that ends laterally as the
acromion
• Acromion - the flattened lateral portion of
the spine of the scapula
• Coracoid process - a protruding projection
on the anterior surface just inferior to the
lateral aspect of the clavicle
• Glenoid cavity - shallow concavity that
articulates with the head of the humerus
44. Skeleton of the Arm - Humerus
• Longest and largest bone of the free part
of the upper limb
• The proximal ball-shaped end articulates
with the glenoid cavity of the scapula
• The distal end articulates at the elbow with
the radius and ulna
45. Bones of the Upper Limb
• The arm is formed by a single bone- Humerus
46. Skeleton of the Forearm - Ulna
• The longer of the two forearm bones
• Located medial to the radius
• Olecranon - the large, prominent proximal end, the “tip of
your elbow”
• Coronoid process - the anterior “lip” of the proximal ulna
• Trochlear notch - the deep fossa that receives the
trochlea of the humerus during elbow flexion
• Styloid process - the thin cylindrical projection on the
posterior side of the ulna’s head
47. Radius
• Lies lateral to the ulna (thumb side of the forearm)
• The head (disc-shaped) and neck are at the
proximal end
• The head articulates with the capitulum of the
humerus and the radial notch of the ulna
• Radial tuberosity - medial and inferior to neck,
attachment site for biceps brachii muscle
• Styloid process - large distal projection on lateral
side of radius
49. Bones of the Upper Limb
• The hand
– Carpals – wrist
– Metacarpals –
palm
– Phalanges –
fingers
50. Skeleton of the Hand
• The carpus (wrist) consists of 8 small bones
(carpals)
• Two rows of carpal bones
• Proximal row - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
• Distal row - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
• Scaphoid - most commonly fractured
• Carpal tunnel - space between carpal bones and
flexor retinaculum
51. Metacarpals and Phalanges
• Five metacarpals - numbered I-V, lateral to
medial
• 14 phalanges - two in the thumb (pollex)
and three in each of the other fingers
• Each phalanx has a base, shaft, and head
• Joints - carpometacarpal,
metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal
52. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
• Hip bones
• Composed of three pair of fused bones
– Ilium
– Ischium
– Pubic bone
• The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis
• Protects several organs
– Reproductive organs
– Urinary bladder
– Part of the large intestine
55. The Ilium
• Largest of the three hip bones
• Ilium is the superior part of the hip bone
• Consists of a superior ala and inferior body which
forms the acetabulum (socket for head of the femur)
• Superior border - iliac crest
• Hip pointer - occurs at anterior superior iliac spine
• Greater sciatic notch - allows passage of sciatic nerve
56. Ischium and Pubis
• Ischium - inferior and posterior part of the hip
bone
• Most prominent feature is the ischial
tuberosity, it is the part that meets the chair
when you are sitting
• Pubis - inferior and anterior part of the hip
bone
• Superior and inferior rami and body
59. Skeleton of the Thigh - Femur and Patella
• Femur - longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the
body
• Proximally, the head articulates with the acetabulum
of the hip bone forming the hip (coxal) joint
• Neck - distal to head, common site of fracture
• Distally, the medial and lateral condyles articulate
with the condyles of the tibia forming the knee joint
• Also articulates with patella
60. Patella
• Largest sesamoid bone in the body
• Forms the patellofemoral joint
• Superior surface is the base
• Inferior, narrower surface is the apex
• Thick articular cartilage lines the posterior surface
• Increases the leverage of the quadriceps femoris
muscle
62. Tibia (shin bone)
• The larger, medial weight-bearing bone of leg
• The lateral and medial condyles at the proximal
end articulate with the femur
• It articulates distally with the talus and fibula
• Tibial tuberosity - attachment site for the patellar
ligament
• Medial malleolus - medial surface of distal end
(medial surface of ankle joint)
63. Fibula
• The smaller, laterally placed bone of leg
• Non-weight bearing
• The head forms the proximal tibiofibular
joint
• Lateral malleolus - distal end, articulates
with the tibia and the talus at the ankle
64. Bones of Lower Limbs
• The foot
– Tarsus – ankle
– Metatarsals – sole
– Phalanges – toes
65. Skeleton of the Foot - Tarsals,
Metatarsals & Phalanges
• Seven tarsal bones - talus (articulates with
tibia and fibula), calcaneus (the heel bone,
the largest and strongest), navicular, cuboid
and three cuneiforms
• Five metatarsals - (I-V) base, shaft, head
• 14 phalanges (big toe is the hallux)
• Tarsus = ankle
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