Running Head DEFENSE MECHANISMSDefense Mechanis.docx

Running Head: DEFENSE MECHANISMS
Defense Mechanisms
(Name)
(University affiliation)
Part 1
Introduction
Defense mechanisms are systems that help in control of unease
from improper detrimental mechanisms. They protect the mind
on way of thinking and views that are intricate for conscious
mind to deal with.
i. Displacement

Displacement is a mechanism where an impulse is alleged to be
dangerous and displaced, during unusual objects or proxy by
another impulse. This mechanisms functions when an impulse
can be expressed, allowing unique emotions that leads to better
objectives. An example is when my boss express anger and
shouts at me. I then go to my residence and shout at my wife
then she hurriedly shouts at our daughter. With nobody left to
displace anger onto, she goes breaks the glasses at the kitchen
cabinet.
ii. Sublimation
Sublimation is a defense mechanism that changes our feelings
and emotions that enable people behave in an acceptable ways.
It reduces the intensity of a particular situation. To channel
harmful impulse into productive use helps a person refocus that
energy that would cause concern. Example is when am angry. I
go out and cut a tree and I end up with a useful pile of firewood
and nobody is injured.
iii. Project reaction formation
Project reaction formation is defense mechanisms whereby
unease is reduced by exchanging of contradictory emotions,
behaviors or impulse. Projection is characterized by pressing
unnecessary emotions to other human beings. Example is when
my friend was angry with his co-worker but he ends up being
friendly and easy towards him.
iv. Regression
Regressions is the kind of a situation where a person acts in
childish manner rather than in an adult way to solve some issues
arising from stressful situations of greater levels that may lead
to regressive acts. A good example is my friend wife refuses to
drive a car even though it causes the family much inadequacy;
as a result the husband takes her everywhere she deserves
v. Rationalization
Rationalization explains how undesirable behavior or emotions
in coherent or reasonable manner avoiding true reasons. It
prevents tension and raises self respect and self impression. A

typical example is when my brother bought a nice Mercedes car
then he told his friends that his old vehicle was unfit for road
use.thy had mechanical problems
vi. Repression
Repression is the unintentional segregation of a painful or
conflict thoughts, impulse or memory from awareness. This is
the prime ego defense mechanism. An example is my age mate
who had phobia of insects but cannot memorize the first time he
was frightened of them.
vii. Denial.
Denial is not accepting the reality of the matter. In other words
in day to day lives people use denial to avoid hurting emotions
or areas of work where they don’t want to admit.
viii. Intellectualization.
Intellectualization is the use of intellect on mechanisms like
unacceptable impulse, situation, or behavior without any
feelings to initiate thoughts into an emotional human situation.
An example is my friend who is a contractor and in lots of debt
builds a complex worksheet of how long it would take to repay
using diverse payment options and interest rates
Part 2
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorder is a mental illness that is experienced by
everyone. These are emotions that are brought about by
anxiousness when problems arise at work, before a student does
an exam and many more. They interfere with person’s ability to
lead a normal life.
Mood disorders
Depression is the most common mood disorder. This affects
moods of people every day and causes a major depressive
episode which later turns chronic. Depression is a treatable
sickness marked by changes in mood feelings and behavior. It
affects people globally in whichever social class.

Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that affects or distorts the
way people acts, thinks, perceives reality, expresses emotion,
and relates to others. This is the most disabling and chronic
brain disorder. People with this kind of brain problem often
experience problems in society, work, school and relationships.
Schizophrenia often leaves sufferers withdrawn and frightened.
This is a life-long disease that is incurable but can be controlled
with proper medical treatment. People suffering from this
disease cannot tell the real from the imagined. These people
lose touch with the reality. The world to them is a jumble of
confusing images, thoughts, and sounds. The severity of
Schizophrenia varies from one person to another. Some people
will have one psychotic episode while others experience many
psychotic episodes. Schizophrenia symptoms worsen and
improve in cycles known as remissions and lapses.
Running Head:
DEFENSE MECHANISMS
1

Defense Mechanisms
(Name)
(
University
affiliation)
Surname 1
Name
Instructor
Course
Date
A Raisin in the Sun
The major theme represented in the poems related to the
personal growth with respect to the harsh condition, as well as,

economic opposition and family ties. The title emanates from
Langston’s poem that compares a dream and the raisin that is
rotten under the sun. Nonetheless, the youngsters are inclined to
the struggle to survive, amidst the promise of growth through
the family name and the recurring plant and birth images.
Arguably, mama’s priced possession is a little plant that gets
little sunlight from a window in the apartment. As she tries to
nurture her family to prosperity, and survival amidst the hard
condition, she as well nurtures her plant. Arguably, Lena
becomes happy when they move to a house that offers a
gardening porch; hence her family offers her with gardening
tools, as well as, a sun hat the helps in reducing the amount of
sun she receives. As a result, she is bestowed as the family
nurturer (103). Due to her love for the plant, it is the last thing
she takes with her when they move to the new apartment.
Secondly, the generation theme has been in dominance,
this is illustrated in the birth imagery, where Lena and Walter
senior had earlier lost their child. On the other hand, Lena has
decided to abort her pregnancy that leads Lena to mourn
miserably, as she does not want to lose another child to poverty
(33, 62). Consequently, after Walter decide to accept the
white’s offers, not to move into the neighborhood, Lena insists
that she Walter makes a capitulation in front of Travis, their
son. In an interesting turn of event, Walter declares the pride
that he has had with the sixth generation of family that has lived
in America (127). Conversely, Mary decides to have her baby as
it would be significant in representing the sixth generation of
the family. Intrigued by his decision Mary decided to applaud
Walter’s comeback; ““He finally come into his manhood today.
. . kind of like a rainbow after the
rain” (130). As such, the family is happy with the growth of its
roots and its recognition in the new neighborhood.
Further, Hansberry deft and use of the allusive Book of
Ruth, highlights the generation theme. This offers insight on
the struggles of the family that is characterized with leaving
poverty and achieve better livelihood, with respect to their

needs among others. As such, the Book of Ruth emphasizes on
home and family, of being devoted to earth and religion, as it
contains the controlling metaphor of fecundity. Interestingly, it
presents the success of a woman who is linked with the Old
Testament Salvation of history and Christ’s lineage.
The character of Ruth is likened to biblical Ruth, in her
devotion to her mother in law (54). As a result of famine,
Naomi and her husband moved to Moab that saw the eventual
death of her two sons. On the other hand, the out of loyalty,
Oprah stayed in Moab, as such, during the harvest they ewer
forced to move back to Bethlehem. As a result, she is advised
by Oprah to work hard so that her hard work may be realized, as
such she was impressed by her work ethics and her devotion to
her mother –in-law. Consequently, she marries Ruth, and at the
end of the narrative she is blessed with a son, named Obed.
Per se, with respect to the Jewish calendar, the Book is
read as Shovuos. This relates to the festival of Pentecost that is
characterized by the end of the harvest. During this festival, the
synagogues are decorated with green that highlights the
connection with fecundity. As such, with respect to Hansberry,
draws a connection between the generational imagery of the
bible to the festival that links in informing Lena’s success that
nurtures her from the family. Arguably, Ruth’s inception of a
child is invested in the biblical concept, in line with the birth of
Obed. In this respect, the younger does have chosen vitality, as
well as growth and the day that Walter has realized the sense of
the family lineage. As such, it presents the humanity, futurity
and family endurance in the hard times.
In the poem, Walter presents a vivid picture of what
happens to the dream when the dream has been postponed, or
lost. These makes it dry or rot faster as it sags, and finally
explodes. As such there is sadness and frustration in the case
when the dream does not attain fruition. Undeniably, the images
seem to drag the dreamer down, except for the last ones when
the frustration inlay results to an explosion. Arguably, the poem
presents the dreams of all the characters and their anticipation

to have the theme fulfilled.
Walter has always wanted success, while mama dreams of
having a better home. Conversely, Ruth dreams for a place
where her family will be able to thrive, as Beneath a dreams to
become a doctor. With respect to their anticipation, their dreams
make the characters spur as they become consumed by their
dreams, as they fail to offer foreseeable plans for their future.
As such, they are chocked to the point, where they make
decision that they might not make due to the fact that their
failure frustrates them.
Interestingly, the poem starts with a lot of questions, as it
poses the central question, “what happens to a dream deferred?”
This simply implies” what happens when one's dreams do not
come to pass?” as such; the poet employs epigraph for her play.
As such, why does the Hansberry use this epigraph in starting
his play? Despite the fact that the family was able to move from
the slum dwelling to a better house, the play leaves the readers
hanging with regard to their dreams. Walter is still not having a
rewarding job, while Beneatha is still searching money for her
medical needs. Undeniably, this presents the similarity existing
between the blacks in America at that time. Whereas the Blacks
had fulfilled some dreams namely; integrated education and
freedom, there were other problems that had continuously been
deferred. Among these, was the unequal distribution of
employment? Hence, the use of the epigraph was essential in
pointing out the universal nature of the play. Every human
being has a dream that would like to be fulfilled in the future,
particularly nature. As such, the plight of the Black Americans
has seen them deferring their dreams more than others.
Consequently, their dreams have been met by the occasioned
problems in the American society. The achievement of their
dreams appears to be a pipe dream.

Work Cited
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: New
American Lib., 1958 .

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