This document provides an overview of equipment used for road construction, including: hydraulic excavators for digging and material handling; motor graders for creating smooth, flat surfaces; wheel loaders for loading and material handling; rollers and compactors for compacting soil and materials; and asphalt pavers for laying new asphalt surfaces. The document also defines what a road is and distinguishes between roads and streets. It emphasizes choosing the right equipment for each job in road construction to maximize productivity and efficiency.
The document outlines the process of constructing a bituminous road, including site preparation, layers, machinery used, and costs. It discusses preparing the natural ground through cutting and filling, then laying sub-base and base course layers. Machinery like loaders, graders, tanks, and compactors are used in site preparation. The road will include a camber, kerb stones, and asphalt surface. At a cost of over 67 million rupees, the project involves constructing a bituminous road due to advantages like flexibility, safety, and environmental friendliness.
Reinforced earth is a combination of earth and linear reinforcing strips that are capable of bearing large tensile stresses.
The reinforcement provided by these strips enable the mass to resist the tension in a way which the earth alone could not. The source of this resistance to tension is the internal friction of soil, because the stresses that are created within the mass are transferred from soil to the reinforcement strips by friction.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
This document discusses the design principles, components, and methods for designing both flexible and rigid pavements according to IRC standards, describing the roles of subgrade soil, pavement layers, traffic characteristics, and materials used for flexible pavements consisting of granular bases and bituminous surfaces, as well as jointed concrete slabs for rigid pavements. It also provides an example of designing a two-lane bypass pavement based on initial traffic volume, design life, growth rate, and subgrade CBR value.
Geosynthetics are man-made materials made from polymers that are used with soil and rock in civil engineering projects to improve their behavior. There are many types of geosynthetics that each have different properties and uses, including geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geocells, geofoam, and geocomposites. Common applications include roads, embankments, retaining walls, reservoirs, landfills, erosion control, and more. Each type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for functions like separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and containment.
This document provides an overview of transportation engineering and different modes of transportation. It discusses highways, railways, airways, and waterways in detail. For highways, it covers their historical development in India including key committees and acts that helped develop the road network like the Jayakar Committee, Central Road Fund, and Motor Vehicles Act. It also discusses classification of highways in India based on various factors.
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
The document outlines the process of constructing a bituminous road, including site preparation, layers, machinery used, and costs. It discusses preparing the natural ground through cutting and filling, then laying sub-base and base course layers. Machinery like loaders, graders, tanks, and compactors are used in site preparation. The road will include a camber, kerb stones, and asphalt surface. At a cost of over 67 million rupees, the project involves constructing a bituminous road due to advantages like flexibility, safety, and environmental friendliness.
Reinforced earth is a combination of earth and linear reinforcing strips that are capable of bearing large tensile stresses.
The reinforcement provided by these strips enable the mass to resist the tension in a way which the earth alone could not. The source of this resistance to tension is the internal friction of soil, because the stresses that are created within the mass are transferred from soil to the reinforcement strips by friction.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
This document discusses the design principles, components, and methods for designing both flexible and rigid pavements according to IRC standards, describing the roles of subgrade soil, pavement layers, traffic characteristics, and materials used for flexible pavements consisting of granular bases and bituminous surfaces, as well as jointed concrete slabs for rigid pavements. It also provides an example of designing a two-lane bypass pavement based on initial traffic volume, design life, growth rate, and subgrade CBR value.
Geosynthetics are man-made materials made from polymers that are used with soil and rock in civil engineering projects to improve their behavior. There are many types of geosynthetics that each have different properties and uses, including geotextiles, geogrids, geonets, geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners, geocells, geofoam, and geocomposites. Common applications include roads, embankments, retaining walls, reservoirs, landfills, erosion control, and more. Each type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for functions like separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and containment.
This document provides an overview of transportation engineering and different modes of transportation. It discusses highways, railways, airways, and waterways in detail. For highways, it covers their historical development in India including key committees and acts that helped develop the road network like the Jayakar Committee, Central Road Fund, and Motor Vehicles Act. It also discusses classification of highways in India based on various factors.
Dewatering is the process of removing water from construction sites to allow excavation work to be done safely and efficiently below the water table. There are several reasons why dewatering is needed, including providing a dry work area, improving stability, and increasing safety. Common dewatering techniques include sump pumping, well points, deep wells, and trenches. Each method has advantages and disadvantages depending on the site conditions and depth of water lowering required. Proper planning and design of a dewatering system is important to effectively control groundwater and allow construction work to progress smoothly.
Highway failure & their maintenance pptBeing Deepak
This document summarizes highway failure and maintenance. It discusses the main causes of highway failure such as rutting from temperature variations and heavy loads. The four major types of failure are cracking, surface deformation, disintegration, and surface defects. Highway maintenance aims to preserve and repair highways using materials like concrete, asphalt, and tar. It includes activities like sealing cracks, resurfacing, removing snow, and bridge upkeep to provide safety and efficient travel. Proper maintenance helps strengthen roads and reduce maintenance costs over time.
The document discusses various types of concrete equipment used in construction, including concrete batching plants, concrete buckets, concrete conveyors, concrete crushers, concrete cutting machines, concrete grinders, concrete mixers, concrete pavers, concrete pumps, concrete tanks, and concrete vibrators. It explains that these machines help save costs and time on construction projects by mixing, transporting, cutting, grinding, and placing concrete efficiently. China is noted as a major manufacturer of concrete equipment that is exported worldwide.
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
This document discusses different methods for soil stabilization, including mechanical, physical, chemical, and bituminous stabilization. Mechanical stabilization involves compacting soil to increase density and strength. Physical stabilization involves blending soils or adding admixtures to improve properties. Chemical stabilization uses lime, cement, or other chemicals like calcium chloride to react with soils and modify their characteristics. Bituminous stabilization involves adding bitumen or asphalt to seal soil pores and increase cohesion between particles. The document provides details on appropriate soil types, required quantities, and construction methods for each stabilization technique.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
This document discusses failures in flexible pavement. It begins by defining the different types of highway pavement, including flexible, rigid, and other pavements like semi-rigid or composite. It then lists 10 common types of failures in flexible pavement such as alligator cracking, rutting, shear failure cracking, and pumping. The document concludes by explaining the causes of these failures, with causes including repeated heavy loads, moisture variations in layers, lack of bonding between layers, and movement across cracks.
A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution. The ultimate aim is to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the sub-grade. Two types of pavements are generally recognized as serving this purpose, namely flexible pavements and rigid pavements.
Get an overview of pavement types, layers, and their functions, and pavement failures as Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the riding quality.
Pavements form the basic supporting structure in highway transportation. Each layer of pavement has a multitude of functions to perform which has to be duly considered during the design process. Different types of pavements can be adopted depending upon the traffic requirements.
During its forward movement, the blade cuts the ground and the loosened earth collected in the body of scraper. When the scraper is fully loaded, it is raised above ground d taken to the site of dumping. The earth from the scarper is than taken out by opening the bottom of it and the earth is laid in layer of required thickness.
This document provides an overview of key components and considerations for railway engineering. It discusses:
- The definition of railway engineering as dealing with design, construction and maintenance of railway tracks.
- Key components of permanent way including rails, sleepers, ballast and track gauge.
- Selection and standard sizes of rails and factors that influence this like locomotive axle load.
- Common defects in rails like wear, creep, buckling and methods to prevent or address them.
- Importance of proper gauge, alignment, gradient and super elevation on curves for safety and efficiency of train movement.
Determining equivalent single wheel load.(ESWL) Imran Nawaz
This document discusses methods for determining equivalent single wheel loads (ESWL) and equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) for pavement design. ESWL is defined as the load from a single tire that causes the same stresses/strains as a multi-wheel load. Methods include equal stress, LCN, and FAA approaches. ESAL quantifies the effect of varying axle loads as a number of standard single axle loads. Factors like thickness and subgrade reaction are considered. Cars have minimal impact compared to trucks and buses.
Dynamic pile formulae estimate the ultimate load capacity of driven piles based on data collected during pile driving. The Engineering News formula is the simplest and most used dynamic formula. It relates the ultimate load capacity to the weight of the hammer, height of fall, and pile penetration per blow. The Modified Hiley's formula improves upon the Engineering News formula by accounting for energy losses during driving. Limitations of dynamic formulae include not representing the static load capacity and being unsuitable for cohesive soils where pore pressures can develop.
The document describes the layers of a concrete road, including:
1) A filling or cutting layer for leveling the ground
2) A 300mm thick subgrade murrum layer underneath
3) A granular sub-base layer made of crushed stone 0-40mm aggregate
4) A dry lean concrete layer used as a base with a higher aggregate to cement ratio
5) A top pavement quality concrete layer made with 32mm aggregate designed for heavy traffic.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
This document provides an overview of pavement design. It discusses the different types of pavements including flexible, rigid, and composite pavements. For flexible pavements, it describes the layers of base course, sub-base course, and subgrade. It also discusses requirements for an ideal pavement and considerations for pavement design such as material characteristics and traffic volume.
The document discusses various aspects of tunnel engineering. It begins by introducing tunnels and their uses for transportation. It then discusses the Thames Tunnel in London as an example. The document outlines several advantages of tunneling over other methods. It also discusses considerations for selecting tunnel routes and economies of tunneling. The remainder of the document describes various tunneling methods through both rock and soft ground, as well as tunnel drainage, lighting, ventilation, lining, and maintenance.
This document provides an overview of transportation engineering and highway development in India. It discusses the importance of transportation for socioeconomic development. It outlines the key modes of transportation including road, rail, water, and air. It summarizes the recommendations of the Jayakar Committee which established the Central Road Fund in 1929 to support road development. The document also discusses the history of road development in ancient India, the Mughal period, and 19th century under British rule. It examines the impact of transportation on population distribution, economic activity, and law and order.
The document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in projects. It classifies equipment into 8 categories including earth-moving, hauling, hoisting, conveying, aggregate production, pile-driving, tunneling and dewatering equipment. Key earth-moving equipment discussed include power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clam shells, scrapers and bull dozers. Their applications, parts and differences are summarized. Trenching machines are used for excavating trenches. The document compares characteristics of crawler and wheeled tractors. Overall, the document introduces common construction equipment used in operations like excavation, material movement and compaction.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
This document summarizes various pieces of heavy equipment used in road construction. It describes the crawler tractor, hydraulic excavator, motor scraper, wheel loader, motor grader, rollers, compactors, and asphalt road paver. For each piece of equipment it provides a brief description of its function and use cases related to road construction activities.
Heavy machinery used in construction projects are described, including their functions and components. Earthmoving machinery discussed include wheel loaders, graders, bulldozers, backhoes, and excavators. Their uses in tasks like digging, loading, and land grading are explained. Other machinery covered are forklifts, road rollers, concrete mixers, dump trucks, cranes, vibrators, pumps, power trowels, and shotcrete equipment. Diagrams or pictures illustrate many of the machines.
Highway failure & their maintenance pptBeing Deepak
This document summarizes highway failure and maintenance. It discusses the main causes of highway failure such as rutting from temperature variations and heavy loads. The four major types of failure are cracking, surface deformation, disintegration, and surface defects. Highway maintenance aims to preserve and repair highways using materials like concrete, asphalt, and tar. It includes activities like sealing cracks, resurfacing, removing snow, and bridge upkeep to provide safety and efficient travel. Proper maintenance helps strengthen roads and reduce maintenance costs over time.
The document discusses various types of concrete equipment used in construction, including concrete batching plants, concrete buckets, concrete conveyors, concrete crushers, concrete cutting machines, concrete grinders, concrete mixers, concrete pavers, concrete pumps, concrete tanks, and concrete vibrators. It explains that these machines help save costs and time on construction projects by mixing, transporting, cutting, grinding, and placing concrete efficiently. China is noted as a major manufacturer of concrete equipment that is exported worldwide.
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
This document discusses different methods for soil stabilization, including mechanical, physical, chemical, and bituminous stabilization. Mechanical stabilization involves compacting soil to increase density and strength. Physical stabilization involves blending soils or adding admixtures to improve properties. Chemical stabilization uses lime, cement, or other chemicals like calcium chloride to react with soils and modify their characteristics. Bituminous stabilization involves adding bitumen or asphalt to seal soil pores and increase cohesion between particles. The document provides details on appropriate soil types, required quantities, and construction methods for each stabilization technique.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
This document discusses failures in flexible pavement. It begins by defining the different types of highway pavement, including flexible, rigid, and other pavements like semi-rigid or composite. It then lists 10 common types of failures in flexible pavement such as alligator cracking, rutting, shear failure cracking, and pumping. The document concludes by explaining the causes of these failures, with causes including repeated heavy loads, moisture variations in layers, lack of bonding between layers, and movement across cracks.
A highway pavement is a structure consisting of superimposed layers of processed materials above the natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to distribute the applied vehicle loads to the sub-grade. The pavement structure should be able to provide a surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid resistance, favorable light reflecting characteristics, and low noise pollution. The ultimate aim is to ensure that the transmitted stresses due to wheel load are sufficiently reduced, so that they will not exceed bearing capacity of the sub-grade. Two types of pavements are generally recognized as serving this purpose, namely flexible pavements and rigid pavements.
Get an overview of pavement types, layers, and their functions, and pavement failures as Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the riding quality.
Pavements form the basic supporting structure in highway transportation. Each layer of pavement has a multitude of functions to perform which has to be duly considered during the design process. Different types of pavements can be adopted depending upon the traffic requirements.
During its forward movement, the blade cuts the ground and the loosened earth collected in the body of scraper. When the scraper is fully loaded, it is raised above ground d taken to the site of dumping. The earth from the scarper is than taken out by opening the bottom of it and the earth is laid in layer of required thickness.
This document provides an overview of key components and considerations for railway engineering. It discusses:
- The definition of railway engineering as dealing with design, construction and maintenance of railway tracks.
- Key components of permanent way including rails, sleepers, ballast and track gauge.
- Selection and standard sizes of rails and factors that influence this like locomotive axle load.
- Common defects in rails like wear, creep, buckling and methods to prevent or address them.
- Importance of proper gauge, alignment, gradient and super elevation on curves for safety and efficiency of train movement.
Determining equivalent single wheel load.(ESWL) Imran Nawaz
This document discusses methods for determining equivalent single wheel loads (ESWL) and equivalent single axle loads (ESAL) for pavement design. ESWL is defined as the load from a single tire that causes the same stresses/strains as a multi-wheel load. Methods include equal stress, LCN, and FAA approaches. ESAL quantifies the effect of varying axle loads as a number of standard single axle loads. Factors like thickness and subgrade reaction are considered. Cars have minimal impact compared to trucks and buses.
Dynamic pile formulae estimate the ultimate load capacity of driven piles based on data collected during pile driving. The Engineering News formula is the simplest and most used dynamic formula. It relates the ultimate load capacity to the weight of the hammer, height of fall, and pile penetration per blow. The Modified Hiley's formula improves upon the Engineering News formula by accounting for energy losses during driving. Limitations of dynamic formulae include not representing the static load capacity and being unsuitable for cohesive soils where pore pressures can develop.
The document describes the layers of a concrete road, including:
1) A filling or cutting layer for leveling the ground
2) A 300mm thick subgrade murrum layer underneath
3) A granular sub-base layer made of crushed stone 0-40mm aggregate
4) A dry lean concrete layer used as a base with a higher aggregate to cement ratio
5) A top pavement quality concrete layer made with 32mm aggregate designed for heavy traffic.
Pile foundation are essential in case where SBC is low or the load coming from superstructure is too heavy,
Topics covered includes Materials used for making piles, Type of piles, load transfer mechanism, factors affecting selection of piles, Installation methods, load carrying capacity of piles, different load tests performed and the behavior of piles as a group.
This document provides an overview of pavement design. It discusses the different types of pavements including flexible, rigid, and composite pavements. For flexible pavements, it describes the layers of base course, sub-base course, and subgrade. It also discusses requirements for an ideal pavement and considerations for pavement design such as material characteristics and traffic volume.
The document discusses various aspects of tunnel engineering. It begins by introducing tunnels and their uses for transportation. It then discusses the Thames Tunnel in London as an example. The document outlines several advantages of tunneling over other methods. It also discusses considerations for selecting tunnel routes and economies of tunneling. The remainder of the document describes various tunneling methods through both rock and soft ground, as well as tunnel drainage, lighting, ventilation, lining, and maintenance.
This document provides an overview of transportation engineering and highway development in India. It discusses the importance of transportation for socioeconomic development. It outlines the key modes of transportation including road, rail, water, and air. It summarizes the recommendations of the Jayakar Committee which established the Central Road Fund in 1929 to support road development. The document also discusses the history of road development in ancient India, the Mughal period, and 19th century under British rule. It examines the impact of transportation on population distribution, economic activity, and law and order.
The document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment used in projects. It classifies equipment into 8 categories including earth-moving, hauling, hoisting, conveying, aggregate production, pile-driving, tunneling and dewatering equipment. Key earth-moving equipment discussed include power shovels, backhoes, draglines, clam shells, scrapers and bull dozers. Their applications, parts and differences are summarized. Trenching machines are used for excavating trenches. The document compares characteristics of crawler and wheeled tractors. Overall, the document introduces common construction equipment used in operations like excavation, material movement and compaction.
Design of rigid pavements. IRC method of design of rigid pavement. Transportation Engineering. Civil Engineering. Wheel loads on rigid pavement. Action of various stresses on rigid pavement. Highway engineering. How rigid pavements different from flexible pavements
This document summarizes various pieces of heavy equipment used in road construction. It describes the crawler tractor, hydraulic excavator, motor scraper, wheel loader, motor grader, rollers, compactors, and asphalt road paver. For each piece of equipment it provides a brief description of its function and use cases related to road construction activities.
Heavy machinery used in construction projects are described, including their functions and components. Earthmoving machinery discussed include wheel loaders, graders, bulldozers, backhoes, and excavators. Their uses in tasks like digging, loading, and land grading are explained. Other machinery covered are forklifts, road rollers, concrete mixers, dump trucks, cranes, vibrators, pumps, power trowels, and shotcrete equipment. Diagrams or pictures illustrate many of the machines.
Earthmoving equipment - crawler loader.
What are crawler loaders, history, manufacturing, advantages, and the difference between a wheel and track loader.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction equipment. It begins by explaining how proper equipment use can improve economy, quality, safety and timely project completion. It then classifies equipment into categories such as earth-moving, hauling, hoisting, conveying, aggregate production and more. Specific equipment are described within each category, including their uses and capabilities. For example, it details how backhoes are well-suited for excavating below grade and how draglines can dig below their track level in soft materials. The document concludes by noting the importance of haulers for transporting materials and rollers for compacting soils and asphalt.
Types of soil excavation tools and machines in constructionRanaGhafran
This document discusses various tools and machines used for soil excavation in construction projects. It describes both hand tools like spades, shovels, and pickaxes that are used for smaller excavations, as well as heavy machinery like excavators, bulldozers, dump trucks, graders, and rollers that are used for larger projects and moving excavated soil. The document provides detailed descriptions and pictures of different types of excavation equipment based on their mechanism and intended use in construction.
Equipment for earth work (for civil engineering) laxman singh
This document summarizes various types of equipment used for earthwork and compaction. It describes bull dozers, scrapers, cranes, loaders, excavators, shovels, graders, and various types of rollers including hand rollers, sheepfoot rollers, pneumatic rollers, and flat wheelers. Bull dozers are powerful tracked vehicles used to push soil and debris with blades and rip loose compacted materials. Scrapers are equipped with a movable hopper to collect and transport soil and materials.
This document provides an overview of various types of construction machines and equipment used in building construction technology. It describes earthmoving equipment like excavators and bulldozers used to shift earth. It also discusses construction vehicles like dumpers and trailers used to transport materials. Finally, it outlines material handling equipment like cranes, conveyor systems, and forklifts used to move equipment and supplies around construction sites.
Heavy equipments for site work civil Engineering Anas Adel
Heavy equipment refers to heavy-duty vehicles used for construction tasks involving earthwork. They usually have five systems: implement, traction, structure, power train, and control. Heavy equipment functions through mechanical advantage to exert greater force. Some use hydraulic drives. The pile driver and tunnelling shield were invented in the 1500s and 1800s. Common heavy equipment includes articulated trucks, asphalt pavers, backhoe loaders, cold planers, compactors, dozers, excavators, feller bunchers, forwarders, harvesters, knuckleboom loaders, motor graders, off-highway trucks, skid steer loaders, skidders, telehandlers, wheel tractor-scrapers,
This document discusses various types of earth moving equipment used in construction projects. It describes power shovels, backhoes, bulldozers, scrapers, dumpers, graders, and trenchers. For each type of equipment, it provides details on their uses, basic parts, and applications in construction activities like excavating earth, digging trenches, clearing and grading sites, and hauling materials. Earth moving equipment are crucial modern tools that facilitate excavation, transportation, and placement of materials in infrastructure and building projects.
A bulldozer is a heavy construction vehicle equipped with a blade used to push large quantities of material. It can be found on construction sites, mines, and farms. There are two main types - crawler dozers, which have continuous tracks, and wheel dozers. Bulldozers are used for earthmoving tasks like road building, clearing land, and infrastructure projects. They can also be equipped with a ripper attachment to loosen compacted materials. The document then describes different terrains a bulldozer may operate on and provides details on small, medium, and large dozer specifications, purposes, safety procedures, and potential accidents.
There are several main types of excavators. The backhoe excavator is the most commonly used type on job sites and is efficient with functions beyond just excavation. Crawler excavators, also known as compact excavators, have high horsepower and are used for mining and heavy duty tasks. Suction excavators, also called vacuum excavators, use a suction pipe to carry away loose soil and debris. Dragline excavators are the largest type and are used for large-scale applications, with two subtypes being on-site and standard mobile draglines.
PREPARED OF ENG: ADEL OMAR SAEED
Introduction to earthworks machineries
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in the history and constructions technologies have been always one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions humans needed an advanced tools to make thier jobs easier and more sufficient . nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck, front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in history of construction; technologies have always been one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions, humans needed an advanced tools to make their jobs easier and more sufficient.nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it .
nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in history of construction; technologies have always been one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions, humans needed an advanced tools to make their jobs easier and more sufficient.nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it .
nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete and mobiles such as tractors, dumb truck,front loaders and cranes are the most important type of machines that we can't do any construction without using it
Civil engineering is one of the ancient careers in history of construction; technologies have always been one of the criterions of any civilization evolution . Due to the development in our constructions, humans needed an advanced tools to make their jobs easier and more sufficient.nowadays machines do the most of the work in the construction field starting with moving objects till mixing concrete an
The document categorizes and describes various types of construction equipment. It divides equipment into four main groups: (1) earthmoving equipment like excavators and loaders used for digging and material handling; (2) construction vehicles like dumpers and trailers used for transportation; (3) material handling equipment like cranes, conveyors, and forklifts used to move materials; and (4) other construction equipment like tunneling machines, concrete mixers, and pavers used for specific tasks. Within each group, the document provides examples and brief descriptions of common piece of equipment.
A loader is a type of heavy equipment machine used in construction to load materials into trucks or other machinery. It has a front-mounted bucket connected to two booms to scoop and transport loose materials without pushing them. Loaders come in different sizes and are also used to move building materials over short distances on construction sites. They are not as efficient as backhoes for deep digging. The document then discusses various types of loaders like wheeled, tracked, skid-steer, and backhoe loaders as well as their specifications and safety features.
A dozer is a tractor equipped with a large metal blade used to push materials like soil, sand, and rubble during construction projects. Dozers can have tracks or wheels and are used to move earth and materials over short or long distances, clear construction sites, and backfill trenches. Key components of a dozer include the tractor body, high-powered diesel engine, metal tracks or wheels, and large front-mounted blade.
The document provides information about various types of construction equipment. It discusses earthmoving equipment like power shovels, backhoes, dozers and scrapers that are used for excavation and loading of materials. Hauling equipment like trucks and trailers are used to transport excavated materials. Other equipment mentioned include compactors, cranes, crushers and batching plants used for tasks like compaction, lifting, aggregate production and concrete mixing. The document emphasizes that using the appropriate equipment can improve the economy, quality, speed and timely completion of large construction projects.
The document discusses construction equipment used for road construction. It begins with an introduction and then describes equipment used for site clearance like bulldozers, tractors, scrapers, and shovels. It also discusses equipment for subgrade preparation and base/sub-base construction like graders, rollers, dumpers, and crushers. Finally, it covers equipment for surface course construction of both flexible and rigid pavements like hot mix plants, pavers, mixers, sprayers, spreaders, and finishers. The document provides details on the purpose and functioning of various common pieces of construction equipment.
This document lists and briefly describes various types of equipment used for road construction projects. It includes graders, loaders, dozers, excavators, compactors, rollers, asphalt plants, hot mix plants, pavers, and concrete equipment. Graders are described as multipurpose machines used for finishing, shaping, sloping, and ditching roads. Excavators use hydraulic power to excavate loose or tight material. Vibratory compactors are used to stabilize soil bases through vibration. Asphalt and batching plants are mentioned for producing hot asphalt and concrete.
Similar to Road construction equipment.pptx 2 (20)
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Using CRM module, we can manage and keep track of all new leads and opportunities in one location. It helps to manage your sales pipeline with customizable stages. In this slide let’s discuss how to create a stage or pipeline inside the CRM module in odoo 17.
1. Road Construction
Equipment
Made by:
1- Ahmed Negm 9104441
2- Mohamed Abuo el Magd 10109154
3- Ahmed Magdy 9103949
4- Abdelrahman Mohamed 9104286
5- Ahmed Mohamed Zanaty 9103710
6- Mohamed Khodary
7- Ahmed Youssef
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equipmentpptx-2
2. What is Road ?
Road construction is perhaps one of man’s
earliest forms of construction. Roads are
defined as routes or paths that begin at one
destination and lead to another. The modern
day road is defined as a paved or easily
accessible path, made so by the use of
modern day road construction equipment
such as hydraulic excavators, motor
graders, asphalt pavers, wheel
loaders and vibratory compactors.
3. What is the difference between Streets & Roads ?
Roads that lead into cities and towns can also be referred to
as streets, avenues, boulevards, and more. Any route that
has a navigable destination can be referred to as a road,
including those that are unpaved or dirt.
4. Why shall choose the equipment suiting the job ?
To win in the highly competitive world of construction,
you need to maximize the productivity of every employee
and every machine on every job. You can't afford expensive
downtime. Reducing operating costs while increasing
efficiency is critical to maintaining your competitive edge.
6. The Crawler Tractor
A construction vehicle that moves on
tracks instead of wheels. The tracks
spread the vehicle’s weight over a
larger surface area, enabling the
tractor to exert a lower force per unit
area on the ground. This allows the
tractor to safely traverse over moister
ground. A variety of attachments can
be added to the crawler tractor there
by maximizing its usability. When a
dozer blade is attached to the front of
the crawler tractor it is commonly
known as a "bulldozer". With a loader
attachment, it becomes a crawler
loader.
7. The Hydraulic Excavator
The hydraulic excavator is most
commonly used for digging rocks
and soil, but with its many
attachments it can also be used for
cutting steel, The hydraulic
excavator breaking concrete, drillin
g holes in the earth, laying gravel
onto the road prior
to paving, crushing rocks, steel, and
concrete, and even mowing
landscapes. Hydraulic excavators
have an operating weight of 20,000
pounds (9,072 kg) or higher.
8. Motor Scraper
Motor scrapers, also
known as self-propelled
scrapers, are large
motorized machines
used for digging,
hauling and leveling out
materials in a variety
of construction jobs.
Running on
massive rubber tires,
these machines quickly
move large quantities of
earth around a
construction site.
9. The Wheel Loader
The wheel loader, also known as
a front end loader or bucket
loader, is one of the most widely
used machines
in construction today and is
noted for its extreme versatility
and payload capacity to perform
multiple tasks at a low cost.
Wheel loaders are primarily
used in construction
applications such as material
handling, digging, load-and-
carry, road building, and site
preparation. Some models even
come in waste handling
versions. Top manufacturers of
wheel loaders by rank
include Caterpillar, Deere &
Co., Komatsu, and Volvo.
10. The Motor Grader
A motor grader, known as patrol,
or maintainer, is a piece of heavy
machinery used to create a smooth,
wide, flat surface. Traditionally, the
grader is used for road maintenance its
main function is to flatten surfaces
before the application of asphalt.
Presently, these machines are also
commonly used for fine grading,
spreading, and earthmoving. They can
be used for clearing debris and brush,
as well as for snow removal. A variety
of attachments convert the motor
grader into a more versatile machine,
enabling the machine to do things such
as dig shallow holes
11. The Rollers
Rollers are used to compact
loose foundation, such as soil,
gravel, asphalt,
and bituminous materials and
are primarily used
for construction or agriculture
applications. The rolling
process ensures that
foundations are compacted
thoroughly so the materials
are solid and do not come
loose.
12. The Compactors
Compactors are machines
frequently used to compact
materials such as soil in order to
increase its density
for construction. In addition,
compactors are utilized in landfill
tasks. Common varieties are plate
tampers (also known as
rammers), vibratory plates,
compactors (also known as tamping
foot rollers), and vibratory pad foot
compactors.
13. Asphalt Road Paver
A paver is an engineering
vehicle used to lay asphalt
on roadways. It is normally
fed by a dump truck. A
separate machine, a roller,
is then used to press the hot
asphalt mix, resulting a
smooth, even surface. The
sub-base being prepared by
use of a grader to trim
crushed stone to profile
after rolling
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