This document summarizes the life and death of Anne Frank during the Holocaust. It describes how she and her family went into hiding in 1942 in Amsterdam to escape Nazi persecution of Jews. However, in 1944 they were betrayed and arrested. Anne and her sister Margot were sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, where they both died in March 1945 shortly before the camp was liberated. After the war, Anne's diary was published and became famous worldwide.
The document discusses the Holocaust and Auschwitz concentration camp. It describes the horrific conditions prisoners endured, including overcrowded barracks with no beds, malnutrition, forced labor, medical experiments, and gas chambers where at least 1.1 million people were killed. It emphasizes that each victim had a name and humanity that the Nazis tried to remove. The document aims to educate about this tragedy to prevent such events from happening again and promote human rights.
The document summarizes the persecution and genocide of Jews in Europe during the Holocaust. It describes how Jews had faced deep prejudice for centuries and were increasingly targeted in the early 20th century. The rise of Hitler and the Nazis led to the systematic oppression of Jews, stripping of their rights, and confinement to ghettos. The Nazis then implemented the "Final Solution" through concentration camps and death camps, where millions of Jews were executed through mass shootings, gas vans, and gas chambers. By the end, around 6 million Jewish people had been murdered by the Nazi regime during the Holocaust.
Powerpoint about the Holocaust, providing basic information and statistics on the subject, for my 7th grade students. Created by a different teacher, used by me in class.
The document summarizes the long history of persecution faced by Jewish people across different regions and time periods. It details some of the major events they suffered such as the exile from Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar, the Crusades where they were attacked and expelled from many European nations, and the Spanish Inquisition where tens of thousands were killed. It then discusses the Holocaust under Nazi Germany, where approximately 6 million Jews were murdered through concentration camps, forced labor, and extermination camps using gas chambers. Despite facing continuous persecution for hundreds of years, the Jewish faith and people have survived and their population is now most prominent in the United States.
The document summarizes the stories of two Holocaust rescuers, Oskar Schindler and Raoul Wallenberg. It describes how Schindler saved over 1,200 Jewish people from Nazi death camps by employing them in his factory. It also outlines how Wallenberg issued protective passports and established safe houses in Budapest to save thousands of Hungarian Jews from deportation. Both men risked their lives to rescue victims of the Holocaust from 1944-1945 but their heroic actions are now remembered worldwide.
This document summarizes the life and death of Anne Frank during the Holocaust. It describes how she and her family went into hiding in 1942 in Amsterdam to escape Nazi persecution of Jews. However, in 1944 they were betrayed and arrested. Anne and her sister Margot were sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany, where they both died in March 1945 shortly before the camp was liberated. After the war, Anne's diary was published and became famous worldwide.
The document discusses the Holocaust and Auschwitz concentration camp. It describes the horrific conditions prisoners endured, including overcrowded barracks with no beds, malnutrition, forced labor, medical experiments, and gas chambers where at least 1.1 million people were killed. It emphasizes that each victim had a name and humanity that the Nazis tried to remove. The document aims to educate about this tragedy to prevent such events from happening again and promote human rights.
The document summarizes the persecution and genocide of Jews in Europe during the Holocaust. It describes how Jews had faced deep prejudice for centuries and were increasingly targeted in the early 20th century. The rise of Hitler and the Nazis led to the systematic oppression of Jews, stripping of their rights, and confinement to ghettos. The Nazis then implemented the "Final Solution" through concentration camps and death camps, where millions of Jews were executed through mass shootings, gas vans, and gas chambers. By the end, around 6 million Jewish people had been murdered by the Nazi regime during the Holocaust.
Powerpoint about the Holocaust, providing basic information and statistics on the subject, for my 7th grade students. Created by a different teacher, used by me in class.
The document summarizes the long history of persecution faced by Jewish people across different regions and time periods. It details some of the major events they suffered such as the exile from Jerusalem by King Nebuchadnezzar, the Crusades where they were attacked and expelled from many European nations, and the Spanish Inquisition where tens of thousands were killed. It then discusses the Holocaust under Nazi Germany, where approximately 6 million Jews were murdered through concentration camps, forced labor, and extermination camps using gas chambers. Despite facing continuous persecution for hundreds of years, the Jewish faith and people have survived and their population is now most prominent in the United States.
The document summarizes the stories of two Holocaust rescuers, Oskar Schindler and Raoul Wallenberg. It describes how Schindler saved over 1,200 Jewish people from Nazi death camps by employing them in his factory. It also outlines how Wallenberg issued protective passports and established safe houses in Budapest to save thousands of Hungarian Jews from deportation. Both men risked their lives to rescue victims of the Holocaust from 1944-1945 but their heroic actions are now remembered worldwide.
Children on the escape trail - habricha, europe 1945-1948Ruth Kritchman
The document summarizes the rescue efforts of Jewish children in Europe following World War II. Over 1 million Jewish children lived in Europe before the war, but only around 150,000 survived. Zionist youth groups worked to locate the children, who were scattered and often orphaned, and place them in youth homes where they received medical care, education, and preparation for aliyah (immigration) to Palestine/Israel. The children then faced dangerous journeys along escape routes to ports, where they boarded ships for Palestine. The rescuers worked tirelessly despite many challenges to help rehabilitate the children and bring them to safety and a new life in Israel.
The Holocaust was a genocide carried out by Nazi Germany against European Jews between 1933-1945. An estimated 6 million Jews were murdered, along with 5 million others including Roma, Slavs, homosexuals and political opponents. Jews were systematically persecuted through legislation and violence, culminating in extermination camps where most were gassed. While resistance occurred, most victims were unable to escape the well-organized Nazi killing machine before Allied liberation in 1945.
The document discusses the history of antisemitism in Europe leading up to the Holocaust. It provides statistics on the percentage of Jewish populations killed in various European countries during the Holocaust. It includes several images showing the atrocities committed by the Nazis against Jews, such as sending children to concentration camps, using gas vans and gas chambers to murder Jews, mass shootings of Jewish people, and piles of victims' possessions and human remains. The document emphasizes that between 1939-1945, six million Jews were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.
The document discusses the Holocaust and anti-Semitism in Europe. It provides historical context for anti-Semitism, outlines the steps Nazis took to systematically exterminate Jews, and analyzes images from the Holocaust. It describes how Nazis deceived Jews and executed over 6 million through concentration camps and gas chambers. Finally, it explains that Holocaust denial seeks to deny or minimize the factual evidence of the systematic state-sponsored genocide of approximately 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators.
Slideshows about nonviolence and nonviolent resolution of conflicts, economic alternatives, ecology, social change, spirituality : www.irnc.org , Slideshows in english
Righteous among the Nations
Are categorised in these slides the people who took the greatest risks during the Second World War to protect and save people threatened by the Nazi regime, in particular the Jews.
The document discusses anti-Semitism and the Holocaust. It provides context on the persecution of Jews in Europe over hundreds of years. During WWII, the Nazis systematically murdered approximately 6 million Jews across German-occupied Europe between 1939-1945. Maps and images show the locations of concentration and death camps where Jews were imprisoned and killed through gas chambers, shootings, starvation and disease.
The Nazi party began systematically discriminating against Jews in Germany starting in 1933. Over time, their policies became increasingly harsh, restricting where Jews could live and work and what rights they had. The Nazis used propaganda, scientific racism, and new laws to dehumanize Jews and justify treating them as inferior. Jews were segregated into ghettos and later deported to concentration and death camps, where most were murdered in gas chambers or died of starvation, disease, and abuse. By the end of World War 2, the Nazis had killed approximately 6 million European Jews as part of the systematic genocide known as the Holocaust or the Final Solution.
The document provides details about Treblinka death camp, including its location, construction, operations, victims, and significance. It describes how the camp was designed to disguise itself as a transit camp to deceive victims onto trains. Over 800,000 Polish Jews and others were murdered there between 1942-1943. The camp was destroyed by the Nazis in 1943 to cover up evidence but has since been commemorated as a memorial site.
While most governments did little to help Jewish refugees during the Holocaust, some individuals and groups worked to rescue victims. Hans and Sophie Scholl created the White Rose group in Germany to distribute anti-Nazi leaflets until they were arrested and executed. Frank Foley issued visas to save 10,000 Jews, while Oskar Schindler saved 1,200 Jews in his factory. Irena Sendler smuggled 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto. Danish fishermen also helped rescue Jews by taking them to Sweden, and Albanian officials helped Jews by forging documents.
The document provides details about concentration camps throughout history, including:
- The first concentration camps were established in 1933 in Germany to imprison opponents of the Nazi party, and soon included Jews, Romani people, and others.
- Notable camps included Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, and Auschwitz, which became one of the largest and most notorious Nazi death camps.
- Prisoners faced brutal conditions, forced labor, medical experiments, starvation, and mass killings in gas chambers and fire pits. The Holocaust resulted in the deaths of millions in these camps.
- While often associated with Nazi Germany, concentration camps were first used in the late 1800s in Cuba and have been employed in
The document discusses the Holocaust and the Nazi's "Final Solution" to exterminate the Jewish population of Europe. It describes how the Nazis gradually increased persecution of Jews throughout the 1930s before implementing the systematic genocide of around 6 million Jews between 1940-1945. Key events discussed include the Wannsee Conference in 1942 where the Nazis formalized plans for the "Final Solution" and industrialized mass murder in death camps like Auschwitz using gas chambers and crematoriums.
Presentations are tools that can be used for lectures, speeches, reports and more, and are mostly presented before an audience to serve a variety of purposes like convincing and teaching. To create an effective presentation, it's best to simplify your thoughts and ideas.
Presentations are tools that can be used for lectures, speeches, reports and more, and are mostly presented before an audience to serve a variety of purposes like convincing and teaching. To create an effective presentation, it's best to simplify your thoughts and ideas.
Presentations are tools that can be used for lectures, speeches, reports and more, and are mostly presented before an audience to serve a variety of purposes like convincing and teaching. To create an effective presentation, it's best to simplify your thoughts and ideas.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
Children on the escape trail - habricha, europe 1945-1948Ruth Kritchman
The document summarizes the rescue efforts of Jewish children in Europe following World War II. Over 1 million Jewish children lived in Europe before the war, but only around 150,000 survived. Zionist youth groups worked to locate the children, who were scattered and often orphaned, and place them in youth homes where they received medical care, education, and preparation for aliyah (immigration) to Palestine/Israel. The children then faced dangerous journeys along escape routes to ports, where they boarded ships for Palestine. The rescuers worked tirelessly despite many challenges to help rehabilitate the children and bring them to safety and a new life in Israel.
The Holocaust was a genocide carried out by Nazi Germany against European Jews between 1933-1945. An estimated 6 million Jews were murdered, along with 5 million others including Roma, Slavs, homosexuals and political opponents. Jews were systematically persecuted through legislation and violence, culminating in extermination camps where most were gassed. While resistance occurred, most victims were unable to escape the well-organized Nazi killing machine before Allied liberation in 1945.
The document discusses the history of antisemitism in Europe leading up to the Holocaust. It provides statistics on the percentage of Jewish populations killed in various European countries during the Holocaust. It includes several images showing the atrocities committed by the Nazis against Jews, such as sending children to concentration camps, using gas vans and gas chambers to murder Jews, mass shootings of Jewish people, and piles of victims' possessions and human remains. The document emphasizes that between 1939-1945, six million Jews were systematically murdered by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.
The document discusses the Holocaust and anti-Semitism in Europe. It provides historical context for anti-Semitism, outlines the steps Nazis took to systematically exterminate Jews, and analyzes images from the Holocaust. It describes how Nazis deceived Jews and executed over 6 million through concentration camps and gas chambers. Finally, it explains that Holocaust denial seeks to deny or minimize the factual evidence of the systematic state-sponsored genocide of approximately 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators.
Slideshows about nonviolence and nonviolent resolution of conflicts, economic alternatives, ecology, social change, spirituality : www.irnc.org , Slideshows in english
Righteous among the Nations
Are categorised in these slides the people who took the greatest risks during the Second World War to protect and save people threatened by the Nazi regime, in particular the Jews.
The document discusses anti-Semitism and the Holocaust. It provides context on the persecution of Jews in Europe over hundreds of years. During WWII, the Nazis systematically murdered approximately 6 million Jews across German-occupied Europe between 1939-1945. Maps and images show the locations of concentration and death camps where Jews were imprisoned and killed through gas chambers, shootings, starvation and disease.
The Nazi party began systematically discriminating against Jews in Germany starting in 1933. Over time, their policies became increasingly harsh, restricting where Jews could live and work and what rights they had. The Nazis used propaganda, scientific racism, and new laws to dehumanize Jews and justify treating them as inferior. Jews were segregated into ghettos and later deported to concentration and death camps, where most were murdered in gas chambers or died of starvation, disease, and abuse. By the end of World War 2, the Nazis had killed approximately 6 million European Jews as part of the systematic genocide known as the Holocaust or the Final Solution.
The document provides details about Treblinka death camp, including its location, construction, operations, victims, and significance. It describes how the camp was designed to disguise itself as a transit camp to deceive victims onto trains. Over 800,000 Polish Jews and others were murdered there between 1942-1943. The camp was destroyed by the Nazis in 1943 to cover up evidence but has since been commemorated as a memorial site.
While most governments did little to help Jewish refugees during the Holocaust, some individuals and groups worked to rescue victims. Hans and Sophie Scholl created the White Rose group in Germany to distribute anti-Nazi leaflets until they were arrested and executed. Frank Foley issued visas to save 10,000 Jews, while Oskar Schindler saved 1,200 Jews in his factory. Irena Sendler smuggled 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto. Danish fishermen also helped rescue Jews by taking them to Sweden, and Albanian officials helped Jews by forging documents.
The document provides details about concentration camps throughout history, including:
- The first concentration camps were established in 1933 in Germany to imprison opponents of the Nazi party, and soon included Jews, Romani people, and others.
- Notable camps included Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald, and Auschwitz, which became one of the largest and most notorious Nazi death camps.
- Prisoners faced brutal conditions, forced labor, medical experiments, starvation, and mass killings in gas chambers and fire pits. The Holocaust resulted in the deaths of millions in these camps.
- While often associated with Nazi Germany, concentration camps were first used in the late 1800s in Cuba and have been employed in
The document discusses the Holocaust and the Nazi's "Final Solution" to exterminate the Jewish population of Europe. It describes how the Nazis gradually increased persecution of Jews throughout the 1930s before implementing the systematic genocide of around 6 million Jews between 1940-1945. Key events discussed include the Wannsee Conference in 1942 where the Nazis formalized plans for the "Final Solution" and industrialized mass murder in death camps like Auschwitz using gas chambers and crematoriums.
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Righteous among Nations - eTwinning e-book.pdf
1. E-BOOK
RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS
SPECIAL ISSUE:
ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO SHOWED
EXTRAORDINARY COURAGE AND HUMANITY,
OFTEN AT GREAT PERSONAL RISK
KEEPENING THE MEMORY @LIVE
2024 | ISSUE 01 KEEPING THE MEMORY @LIVE
ETWINNING
ETWINNING PROJECT
2023/2024
2. FROMTHEEDITORS-ETWINNERS
This ebook is dedicated to the "Righteous Among
the Nations," the brave souls who, amidst the
darkness of the Holocaust, chose light. These
non-Jews, recognized by Yad Vashem, risked their
lives to save Jews, exemplifying extraordinary
courage and humanity. Their selfless actions
remind us of the profound impact one person's
bravery can have in the face of immense evil. May
their stories continue to inspire and teach future
generations the values of compassion, resilience,
and moral fortitude.
In honor of their legacy, we strive to keep the
memory alive.
Your eTwinning editors
eTwinning magazine
3. Oskar Schindler was a German businessman. He
helped save the lives of more than 1,000 Jews during
the Holocaust of World War II (1939–45).
Schindler was born on April 28, 1908, in Svitavy,
Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now in the Czech Republic).
After he left school in 1924, Schindler sold farm
machinery for his father and performed other odd jobs.
Schindler married his wife, Emilie, in 1928
The Schindlers lived in an area called Sudetenland. It
became part of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Like many
others there, the Schindlers were ethnic Germans. In
1935 Schindler joined a pro-Nazi party and began
spying in Czechoslovakia for the German military.
Germany took over the Sudetenland in 1938. Schindler
joined the Nazi Party the next year.
After Germany occupied Poland in 1939, Schindler
went to Kraków, Poland. He opened a factory there. By
1942 nearly half of his workers were Jewish. The same
year the Nazis decided to kill all the Jews in areas
controlled by Germany.
RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS MAGAZINE
Oscar
Schindler
Oskar Schindler
saved more than
1,100 Jews during the
Holocaust
At first, Schindler kept his Jewish workers safe by
bribing German officials. In 1944 Schindler’s factory
was moved to Brnenec, Czechoslovakia, close to his
hometown. Before the move, Schindler, Emilie, and his
staff made a list of Jewish workers he said he needed
for the new factory. Eventually, about 1,100 workers
arrived at Brnenec. They spent the remainder of the
war building ammunition that was made to fail. The
Jews he saved came to be called Schindlerjuden.
The war ended in Europe on May 8, 1945. Schindler
and Emilie fled the next day with the help of the
Schindlerjuden. He eventually moved to West Germany
and spent the rest of his life supported by donations
from the Schindlerjuden.
Schindler was declared a Righteous Gentile (a non-
Jewish person who helped Jews during the
Holocaust) in Israel in 1962. Schindler died on
October 9, 1974, in Hildesheim, West Germany, and
was buried in Jerusalem.
.
4. RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS MAGAZINE
ELENA
QUEEN -
MOTHER
In 1998, Rabbi Saffran said that
"she was a true mother to the
Jewish population of Romania, a
population that was cruelly
persecuted during the Holocaust".
During the Second World War, Queen Mother Helena
saved thousands of Jews from deportation, and for this
reason she was posthumously awarded Israel's highest
title, "Righteous Among the Nations", on 11 March
1993. In the autumn of 1943, Queen Helena starts
another battle. She wants to repatriate Jewish orphans
from Transnistria. The operation was thwarted by Adolf
Eichmann. Queen Elena is one of more than 60 people
from Romania who have been decorated with this high
distinction. According to custom, an olive tree has been
planted for each rescuer in the large Yad Vashem
Memorial Park. A symbol of peace and early
remembrance, the olive tree is one of the most
enduring trees, standing for hundreds of years, even
millennia.
The official proponent of the title was Rabbi
Alexander Saffran himself, who said that the
Queen had responded to all his calls to send aid
to the deported Transnistrians, to repatriate the
orphans of Transnistria, and finally to prevent the
deportation of the rest of the Jewish population.
5. Sister of Anna Chladná- Karolina Bullová decided to
help as well and provided shelter to two Jewish
families - Groszows and Grünbergs. However, this
story was a very unfortunate one. Both Jewish families
were shot by Nazis and when Karolina tried to prevent
it, they burnt her alive in her own house.
Elena and Ondrej Rapčanoví saved Lipschutz family.
Rapčans lived in a very simple house with only one
bedroom, but did not hesitate to share with strangers
to save their lives.
Anna and Peter Brezovskí from Piestany decided to
help Janka Blum and her daughter Lili, Anna and
Margit with their families. Altogether, Brezovskí saved
8 human lives.
Sisters Viera and Denisa Rosenthal did not have an
easy childhood. Instead of playing with toys and falling
asleep listening to a fairytale, they faced violent
attacks and had to hide to avoid deportation. Their life,
however, was saved by Štefánia Pellerová, who took
care of them after their parents were caught by Nazis.
Mária and Imrich Počuch lived in constant fear for
more than half a year. The rescue of Horansky and
Brichta family was kept secret from neighbors, but also
from the closest members of the family living with them
under one roof.
If reported, they could have paid the highest price. Yet
they had opened their homes to strangers, who were
persecuted and the world was a very lonely place for
them.
The vast majority of people refused to help and closed
their eyes to this terrible tragedy.
RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS MAGAZINE
Righteous
among Nations
in Slovakia
Every single life
saved during the
Holocaust was worth
it.
In2019, the Embassy of the State of Israel organized a
gala awarding ceremony Righteous Among the
Nations.
The State of Israel awarded another 15 brave Slovaks
who did not hesitate to risk their lives and saved
persecuted Jews in the times of Holocaust.
The names of the rescuers will be engraved in Wall of
Honor in Yad Vashem Museum.
This year, we awarded Ondrej Čanecký, the rescuer of
Vrba and Wetzler, who miraculously escaped the
Auschwitz death camp and spread the testimony of the
murder machinery of Jews to the whole world.
We also told the story of Cecilia Scheibenreif and her
9-year-old son of Rudko from Nitra, who saved life of a
6-year-old Eva Felsenburg (Chava Timor).
We introduced you to Zlatica and Jozef Vojtkoví, who
saved 8 members of the Engel family and the rescuers
of Erika Kohn, Anna and Ignác Chladní, who were
hiding her all around the house and repeatedly faced
the inspections of Nazi soldiers.
6. They were all deported to Auschwitz (occupied
Poland), where Daisy’s grandparents were gassed on
arrival. Her mother was murdered in the Flossenbürg
concentration camp (Germany) and her father died of
typhus in Auschwitz shortly after the liberation of the
camp.
Daisy lived in Tonka’s native village under an assumed
Christian identity with false papers as her relation.
When a neighbour’s son almost discovered that Daisy
was Jewish, Tonka fled with her to another village,
where lived the family of Tonka’s fiancé. The pair
remained there until liberation.
Daisy remained with Tonka’s family until 1946, when
her aunts who had survived Auschwitz took her to live
with them in Hungary.
In 1956, when the revolution broke out in Hungary,
Daisy decided to leave. She came to Canada as a
refugee and settled in Montreal. She trained as a nurse
and worked at the Montreal General Hospital. Daisy
married a fellow survivor from Slovakia. She has two
children and several grandchildren.
RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS MAGAZINE
Antónia
Nikodemová
was awarded the
Righteous Among
the Nations award in
September 2022.
An only child, Daisy Gross was born to a well-to-do
assimilated Jewish family in 1939 in Nitra (Slovakia).
As soon as the Slovak Republic was established, the
Jews were subject to various antisemitic laws. Daisy’s
parents, however, had a protected status because her
father was the president of the local sugar refinery
position.
The deportation of Jews from Slovakia to concentration
camps started in 1942. In 1943, Daisy’s parents
decided to send their daughter with Tonka, their long-
time servant, to hide in the village where her family
lived.
Daisy’s parents had bought a plot of land where they
built an underground bunker. When the situation
became too dangerous to stay in their home, Daisy’s
parents, her grandparents and another couple went
into hiding in the bunker. One day, her grandfather,
who was out on a walk, was arrested by the Germans.
They forced him to confess his hiding place and
captured everyone in the bunker.
7. A kind woman, Mrs. Speváková, took the Kleins in and
gave them a heated room while she and her husband,
who was ill, moved into an unheated room. The room
was tiny, about two meters by two and a half. Three
Kleins' babies slept in the carriages, and three older
children with the parents on straw mats placed on the
floor. The Spevák family also allowed them to use their
kitchen, even though it was not adjacent to the room.
The rental fee was set at ten crowns per day, and
when the Kleins offered to pay more, Mrs. Speváková
would dismiss it immediately, saying, "While you are
refugees on the run, I don't feel like taking more from
you".
After some time, the Kleins spent all their money and
had to sell Rabbi's winter coat, the blankets, and all
the possessions to purchase food. Once Mrs.
Speváková became aware of their situation, she went
to a nearby village, Tajov, and organized a money
collection for "some refugees". The Kleins remained
with the Spevák family until the liberation by Romanian
Army; then, they returned to Revúca, which was
securely in Russian hands. After returning, they
learned that their beloved son and brother Yehudah
(sent to a family in the Hungarian town of Balkany to
be educated in yeshiva) had been deported and killed
in a concentration camp. Eventually, the family decided
to leave for the United States.
RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS MAGAZINE
Anna
Spekávková
Humanity of one
woman saved a
family of eight
Mária Speváková and her husband Ján Spevák were
awarded the Righteous Among the Nations award in
September 2022.
During the war, the Kleins lived in Revúca; an
exemption saved them from deportations in 1942.
Living in a tiny room, Klein family sticking together
survived the hardest time. Mária Speváková and her
husband Ján Spevák received the Righteous Among
the Nations award for providing shelter and helping the
Klein family.
8. Attitudes towards the Jews during the Holocaust
mostly ranged from indifference to hostility. The
mainstream watched as their former neighbors were
rounded up and killed; some collaborated with the
perpetrators; many benefited from the expropriation of
the Jews property.
In a world of total moral collapse there was a small
minority who mustered extraordinary courage to
uphold human values. These were the Righteous
Among the Nations. They stand in stark contrast to the
mainstream of indifference and hostility that prevailed
during the Holocaust. Contrary to the general trend,
these rescuers regarded the Jews as fellow human
beings who came within the bounds of their universe of
obligation.
Most rescuers started off as bystanders. In many
cases this happened when they were confronted with
the deportation or the killing of the Jews. Some had
stood by in the early stages of persecution, when the
rights of Jews were restricted and their property
confiscated, but there was a point when they decided
to act, a boundary they were not willing to cross.
Unlike others, they did not fall into a pattern of
acquiescing to the escalating measures against the
Jews.
RIGHTEOUS AMONG NATIONS MAGAZINE
Righteous
among
Nations
Oskar Schindler
saved more than
1,100 Jews during the
Holocaust
The Righteous Among the Nations, honored by Yad
Vashem, are non-Jews who took great risks to save
Jews during the Holocaust. Rescue took many forms
and the Righteous came from different nations,
religions and walks of life. What they had in common
was that they protected their Jewish neighbors at a
time when hostility and indifference prevailed.
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