This document discusses key concepts in management including definitions of management, its functions, roles, levels, and skills required by managers. It also covers topics such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Some of the theories and approaches discussed include scientific management, MBO, leadership styles, and motivation theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The document provides an overview of management as a subject and lays the foundation for further exploration of its constituent elements.
The document discusses the four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It defines each function and provides examples. Planning involves designing strategies to achieve objectives. Organizing integrates resources to fulfill plans. Leading guides employees through motivation and inspiration. Controlling measures performance against standards and makes corrections when needed. Together these interrelated functions work to manage an organization effectively.
The document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides definitions of management and each function from various authors. For each function, it describes the key aspects and processes involved at a high level. Planning involves deciding objectives and courses of action. Organizing involves dividing work, grouping tasks, and defining roles. Staffing includes recruiting and selecting employees. Directing guides and leads employees to achieve goals. Controlling checks performance against plans and makes corrections if needed.
This document provides an introduction to management in nursing and outlines the management process. It discusses the key functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. These functions were first identified by Henry Fayol and later expanded by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick in their POSDCORB model of the management process. The document then provides further details on each of the management functions.
The document discusses the five core functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides definitions and explanations of each function from various management experts and theorists. Planning involves deciding objectives and courses of action in advance. Organizing is grouping tasks and assigning responsibilities. Staffing refers to recruiting and selecting employees. Directing guides and leads employees to achieve goals. Controlling measures performance against plans and makes corrections if needed.
Exploring leadership and management rolesdutconsult
Leadership and management are different roles that both involve influencing people but in distinct ways. Leadership focuses more on vision, inspiration and relationships while management focuses more on work activities like planning, organizing and resource coordination. Both roles are important but an effective leader also needs strong management skills to support their vision through execution and problem solving.
Function Of Management (Bangladeshi Example Included)Sadia Textile
This document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
1. Planning involves determining goals and objectives, and deciding how to achieve them through strategies and actions. Organizing is establishing the organizational structure and assigning roles. Staffing addresses recruiting, hiring, and developing employees.
2. Directing includes motivating employees, providing leadership, and communicating to ensure tasks are completed. Controlling checks performance against plans, identifies deviations, and takes corrective actions.
The document discusses the key functions of management for nurses, including:
1. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are important for managers in all fields to learn and implement effectively.
2. Specific aspects of each function are described, such as the hierarchy of planning from strategic to tactical to operational levels. Organizing involves establishing objectives and classifying and grouping activities.
3. Staffing provides adequate personnel, directing gets work done through others using techniques like motivating, and coordinating assembles people and activities harmoniously. Controlling regulates activities according to plans.
The document discusses the four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It defines each function and provides examples. Planning involves designing strategies to achieve objectives. Organizing integrates resources to fulfill plans. Leading guides employees through motivation and inspiration. Controlling measures performance against standards and makes corrections when needed. Together these interrelated functions work to manage an organization effectively.
The document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides definitions of management and each function from various authors. For each function, it describes the key aspects and processes involved at a high level. Planning involves deciding objectives and courses of action. Organizing involves dividing work, grouping tasks, and defining roles. Staffing includes recruiting and selecting employees. Directing guides and leads employees to achieve goals. Controlling checks performance against plans and makes corrections if needed.
This document provides an introduction to management in nursing and outlines the management process. It discusses the key functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. These functions were first identified by Henry Fayol and later expanded by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwick in their POSDCORB model of the management process. The document then provides further details on each of the management functions.
The document discusses the five core functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides definitions and explanations of each function from various management experts and theorists. Planning involves deciding objectives and courses of action in advance. Organizing is grouping tasks and assigning responsibilities. Staffing refers to recruiting and selecting employees. Directing guides and leads employees to achieve goals. Controlling measures performance against plans and makes corrections if needed.
Exploring leadership and management rolesdutconsult
Leadership and management are different roles that both involve influencing people but in distinct ways. Leadership focuses more on vision, inspiration and relationships while management focuses more on work activities like planning, organizing and resource coordination. Both roles are important but an effective leader also needs strong management skills to support their vision through execution and problem solving.
Function Of Management (Bangladeshi Example Included)Sadia Textile
This document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
1. Planning involves determining goals and objectives, and deciding how to achieve them through strategies and actions. Organizing is establishing the organizational structure and assigning roles. Staffing addresses recruiting, hiring, and developing employees.
2. Directing includes motivating employees, providing leadership, and communicating to ensure tasks are completed. Controlling checks performance against plans, identifies deviations, and takes corrective actions.
The document discusses the key functions of management for nurses, including:
1. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. These functions are important for managers in all fields to learn and implement effectively.
2. Specific aspects of each function are described, such as the hierarchy of planning from strategic to tactical to operational levels. Organizing involves establishing objectives and classifying and grouping activities.
3. Staffing provides adequate personnel, directing gets work done through others using techniques like motivating, and coordinating assembles people and activities harmoniously. Controlling regulates activities according to plans.
This document discusses the key functions of management. It describes managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. It also discusses operational functions like production, marketing, purchasing, financing and personnel. For each function, it provides details on definitions, steps involved, importance and features. Planning involves activities like forecasting, decision making and strategy formulation. Organizing includes dividing work into departments and assigning tasks. Staffing covers recruiting, selecting, training and evaluating employees.
The document discusses the four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It provides details on each function, including definitions and characteristics. Planning involves defining goals and strategies. Organizing is arranging work and structure. Leading includes leadership, motivation, and communication. Controlling involves evaluating performance against plans. The document was written by Gaurav Dabhi, Kishan patel, and Hardik Gohel for a management class.
This document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides details on each function: planning involves setting goals and determining actions to achieve them; organizing is establishing an organizational structure and assigning roles; staffing is recruiting and selecting employees; directing includes leading, motivating, and communicating with employees; and controlling checks performance against plans and addresses any deviations.
BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT - B.Com I SEM- UNIT-3Balasri Kamarapu
INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT:
Management - Meaning - Characteristics - Functions of Management - Levels of Management – Skills of Management- Scientific Management - Meaning - Definition - Objectives - Criticism – Fayol‘s 14 Principles of Management .
The document discusses the key management functions of an entrepreneur. It identifies nine main management functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leading, controlling, coordination, reporting, budgeting. For each function, it provides details on the processes involved and their importance for organizational success. The document emphasizes that understanding and properly executing these management functions is essential for entrepreneurs to effectively manage their business and achieve their goals.
The document outlines the key functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining what to do, when to do it, and who will do it to bridge gaps between current and desired states. Organizing establishes the organizational structure with units, subunits, positions, and distribution of authority and responsibilities. Staffing covers recruitment, selection, training, development, and employee appointments. Directing guides, instructs, inspires, and motivates employees. Controlling monitors performance against goals. Coordination synchronizes all management functions and departmental activities to prevent overlap, duplication, delays, and chaos.
Management involves coordinating efforts to accomplish goals using available resources. The five basic functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and determining actions to reach goals. Organizing establishes the organizational structure and chain of command. Staffing involves recruiting and developing personnel. Coordinating ensures all activities work together, while controlling establishes standards and monitors performance.
The document discusses the key functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and determining courses of action. Organizing involves structuring roles, departments, and reporting relationships. Staffing involves recruiting, selecting, training, and evaluating employees. Directing includes motivating and leading employees. Controlling involves monitoring performance and taking corrective actions when needed. The functions work together to achieve organizational objectives.
The document outlines the key functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. It provides details on the processes involved in each function such as gathering information and setting objectives for planning, identifying work and assigning responsibilities for organizing, and assessing requirements and providing training for staffing. Leadership, communication, motivation, and supervision are activities involved in directing. Coordination helps achieve goals through teamwork while controlling ensures performance meets plans through evaluation and corrective actions.
Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling organizational resources and activities to achieve goals. There are three levels of management - senior, middle, and lower. Senior managers focus on strategic decisions and long-term planning. Middle managers carry out senior management decisions and ensure lower-level managers implement plans. Lower managers focus on short-term decisions to execute plans. Managers perform functions like planning work, problem-solving, guiding subordinates, and controlling deviations from plans to achieve objectives.
Group 4 presented on the key functions of management:
- Planning involves setting objectives and determining how to achieve them through strategic, tactical, and operational planning. Organizing develops the organizational structure and allocates resources. Leading influences others toward objectives through motivation and communication. Controlling establishes performance standards and takes corrective action when standards are not met. These four functions - planning, organizing, leading, and controlling - effectively describe the manager's role.
The document discusses the basic functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding what to do, when to do it, and how to do it. Organizing provides structure and assigns duties, delegating authority and responsibility. Staffing involves selecting, developing, and evaluating personnel. Directing includes supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication. Controlling checks progress toward objectives and corrects deviations.
The document discusses the five functions of management according to Henri Fayol: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding what to do in advance. Organizing is providing an organization with resources and structuring roles. Staffing is manning the organizational structure by selecting and developing personnel. Directing includes supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication. Controlling measures performance against standards and makes corrections.
Function of management, different authors, managemnetBebolious Pharoo
The document discusses the key functions and levels of management. It describes management as the art of getting work done through others to achieve organizational goals. The five core functions are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding future actions, organizing is grouping and assigning work, staffing is selecting employees, directing is instructing staff, and controlling is monitoring performance. Management occurs at three levels - top, middle, and lower. Different authors like Fayol, Urwick, Gullick, Koontz and O'Donnell, and Dale have studied management functions over time.
The document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides details on the steps and key aspects of each function. Planning involves setting goals and determining how to achieve them. Organizing is establishing an organizational structure and assigning roles. Staffing deals with recruiting and managing employees. Directing provides guidance, motivation, and communication to employees. Controlling checks performance against plans and identifies necessary corrections.
1. The document outlines the key functions of management including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling.
2. It describes each function in detail, noting that planning involves defining objectives and strategies, organizing involves structuring work, staffing involves recruiting and placement, directing involves leadership, communication, motivation and supervision, coordinating involves aligning group efforts, and controlling involves monitoring performance.
3. The functions are interrelated and continuous, aiming to achieve organizational goals through the coordinated efforts of people.
This document discusses key management functions including planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, directing, and controlling. It provides details on each function, such as the importance of planning to reduce risks and waste. It also covers organizing techniques like subdivision of work and allocation of authority. Additional topics include characteristics of coordination, techniques of directing employees, and the importance of controlling to ensure goals are met. The document concludes with information on goal setting, including characteristics of effective goals and the process of management by objectives.
How to build a beautiful business with BAM! using your feminine energy
Build a brilliant business: 3 keys to fulfill your purpose, create profit and life prosperity
Fulfillness is the key to create a profitable business and a prosperous lifestyle. But how do we know what fulfills us? And how can we turn this into a profitable business?
Kaja Otto shows you how to find your authentic voice and craft you message. You’ll learn how you get from being a lightbulb to becoming the lighthouse in your industry by building a brilliant business that lights you up and serves the world.
www.fempreneur-summit.com
This document discusses the key functions of management. It describes managerial functions like planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. It also discusses operational functions like production, marketing, purchasing, financing and personnel. For each function, it provides details on definitions, steps involved, importance and features. Planning involves activities like forecasting, decision making and strategy formulation. Organizing includes dividing work into departments and assigning tasks. Staffing covers recruiting, selecting, training and evaluating employees.
The document discusses the four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It provides details on each function, including definitions and characteristics. Planning involves defining goals and strategies. Organizing is arranging work and structure. Leading includes leadership, motivation, and communication. Controlling involves evaluating performance against plans. The document was written by Gaurav Dabhi, Kishan patel, and Hardik Gohel for a management class.
This document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides details on each function: planning involves setting goals and determining actions to achieve them; organizing is establishing an organizational structure and assigning roles; staffing is recruiting and selecting employees; directing includes leading, motivating, and communicating with employees; and controlling checks performance against plans and addresses any deviations.
BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT - B.Com I SEM- UNIT-3Balasri Kamarapu
INTRODUCTION TO FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT:
Management - Meaning - Characteristics - Functions of Management - Levels of Management – Skills of Management- Scientific Management - Meaning - Definition - Objectives - Criticism – Fayol‘s 14 Principles of Management .
The document discusses the key management functions of an entrepreneur. It identifies nine main management functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leading, controlling, coordination, reporting, budgeting. For each function, it provides details on the processes involved and their importance for organizational success. The document emphasizes that understanding and properly executing these management functions is essential for entrepreneurs to effectively manage their business and achieve their goals.
The document outlines the key functions of management, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves determining what to do, when to do it, and who will do it to bridge gaps between current and desired states. Organizing establishes the organizational structure with units, subunits, positions, and distribution of authority and responsibilities. Staffing covers recruitment, selection, training, development, and employee appointments. Directing guides, instructs, inspires, and motivates employees. Controlling monitors performance against goals. Coordination synchronizes all management functions and departmental activities to prevent overlap, duplication, delays, and chaos.
Management involves coordinating efforts to accomplish goals using available resources. The five basic functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and determining actions to reach goals. Organizing establishes the organizational structure and chain of command. Staffing involves recruiting and developing personnel. Coordinating ensures all activities work together, while controlling establishes standards and monitors performance.
The document discusses the key functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves setting goals and determining courses of action. Organizing involves structuring roles, departments, and reporting relationships. Staffing involves recruiting, selecting, training, and evaluating employees. Directing includes motivating and leading employees. Controlling involves monitoring performance and taking corrective actions when needed. The functions work together to achieve organizational objectives.
The document outlines the key functions of management which include planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling. It provides details on the processes involved in each function such as gathering information and setting objectives for planning, identifying work and assigning responsibilities for organizing, and assessing requirements and providing training for staffing. Leadership, communication, motivation, and supervision are activities involved in directing. Coordination helps achieve goals through teamwork while controlling ensures performance meets plans through evaluation and corrective actions.
Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling organizational resources and activities to achieve goals. There are three levels of management - senior, middle, and lower. Senior managers focus on strategic decisions and long-term planning. Middle managers carry out senior management decisions and ensure lower-level managers implement plans. Lower managers focus on short-term decisions to execute plans. Managers perform functions like planning work, problem-solving, guiding subordinates, and controlling deviations from plans to achieve objectives.
Group 4 presented on the key functions of management:
- Planning involves setting objectives and determining how to achieve them through strategic, tactical, and operational planning. Organizing develops the organizational structure and allocates resources. Leading influences others toward objectives through motivation and communication. Controlling establishes performance standards and takes corrective action when standards are not met. These four functions - planning, organizing, leading, and controlling - effectively describe the manager's role.
The document discusses the basic functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding what to do, when to do it, and how to do it. Organizing provides structure and assigns duties, delegating authority and responsibility. Staffing involves selecting, developing, and evaluating personnel. Directing includes supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication. Controlling checks progress toward objectives and corrects deviations.
The document discusses the five functions of management according to Henri Fayol: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding what to do in advance. Organizing is providing an organization with resources and structuring roles. Staffing is manning the organizational structure by selecting and developing personnel. Directing includes supervision, motivation, leadership, and communication. Controlling measures performance against standards and makes corrections.
Function of management, different authors, managemnetBebolious Pharoo
The document discusses the key functions and levels of management. It describes management as the art of getting work done through others to achieve organizational goals. The five core functions are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Planning involves deciding future actions, organizing is grouping and assigning work, staffing is selecting employees, directing is instructing staff, and controlling is monitoring performance. Management occurs at three levels - top, middle, and lower. Different authors like Fayol, Urwick, Gullick, Koontz and O'Donnell, and Dale have studied management functions over time.
The document discusses the five main functions of management: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It provides details on the steps and key aspects of each function. Planning involves setting goals and determining how to achieve them. Organizing is establishing an organizational structure and assigning roles. Staffing deals with recruiting and managing employees. Directing provides guidance, motivation, and communication to employees. Controlling checks performance against plans and identifies necessary corrections.
1. The document outlines the key functions of management including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, and controlling.
2. It describes each function in detail, noting that planning involves defining objectives and strategies, organizing involves structuring work, staffing involves recruiting and placement, directing involves leadership, communication, motivation and supervision, coordinating involves aligning group efforts, and controlling involves monitoring performance.
3. The functions are interrelated and continuous, aiming to achieve organizational goals through the coordinated efforts of people.
This document discusses key management functions including planning, organizing, staffing, coordinating, directing, and controlling. It provides details on each function, such as the importance of planning to reduce risks and waste. It also covers organizing techniques like subdivision of work and allocation of authority. Additional topics include characteristics of coordination, techniques of directing employees, and the importance of controlling to ensure goals are met. The document concludes with information on goal setting, including characteristics of effective goals and the process of management by objectives.
How to build a beautiful business with BAM! using your feminine energy
Build a brilliant business: 3 keys to fulfill your purpose, create profit and life prosperity
Fulfillness is the key to create a profitable business and a prosperous lifestyle. But how do we know what fulfills us? And how can we turn this into a profitable business?
Kaja Otto shows you how to find your authentic voice and craft you message. You’ll learn how you get from being a lightbulb to becoming the lighthouse in your industry by building a brilliant business that lights you up and serves the world.
www.fempreneur-summit.com
Their drilling experience is twenty five years old, so as a fact, they offer as many as service as possible to their numerous clients. They bring together product designers and the engineers who are highly skilled to create and design new products according to the latest needs and trends.
Engage Me!! How gamification can engage your audiencePlay2Lead
This document discusses how gamification can be used to engage audiences. It defines audience engagement as creating brand communities and galvanizing action beyond one-time transactions through multiple interactions over multiple channels. Gamification is described as using game thinking and mechanics to solve problems and engage users in non-game contexts. Examples are provided of gamified applications like LiveCube, Nike+ Tag, and TARGiT that use game components and mechanics to engage users. The presentation concludes that by 2014, over 70% of global 2000 organizations will have at least one gamified application driving 50% of innovation.
Coaching and mentoring can support individuals in developing specific skills for future roles, leadership capabilities, and interpersonal skills as indicated in appraisals or 360 assessments. Management consulting aims to develop talent that is important for achieving strategic initiatives or critical projects, and who may face resistance or derailment. Counselling supports those taking on significant change such as turnarounds, new complex roles, or adjusting to new cultures to develop skills quickly for valuable technical experts or senior leaders.
Bab 1 membahas latar belakang dan tujuan dari penelitian mengenai metode pengumpulan data dalam riset pemasaran. Bab 2 membahas definisi data dan informasi serta jenis dan metode pengumpulan data seperti observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, focus group, teknik proyeksi, dan survei.
The document contains musical notation for concert band warm-up exercises. It includes scales and exercises for various instruments in different keys, including F, Bb, Eb, and Ab major scales and scales in thirds. The exercises progress through different instruments and keys to warm up the full concert band.
This document provides an overview of the history and characteristics of haiku poetry. It discusses how haiku evolved from renga poetry in 15th century Japan and was popularized as haikai, focusing on daily life. Masaoka Shiki later established haiku as an independent 17-syllable form with 3 phrases of 5, 7, 5 syllables and a seasonal reference. It also presents Basho's famous "old pond" haiku as an example and discusses his life and travels. The document concludes with an exercise encouraging the reader to observe nature, write haiku focusing on the current season, and experiment with traditional vs. shorter syllable counts.
The document discusses solar energy and solar cells. It explains that solar cells work by creating electron-hole pairs when light hits the cell, which are then swept away by an electric field to produce electricity. It also explains that solar energy comes from the sun and is captured on Earth. Solar energy systems require both a collector to absorb sunlight and convert it to another form of energy, as well as a storage unit, as the amount of solar energy available fluctuates. The document concludes by discussing the importance of conserving energy and developing renewable sources like solar to ensure future energy needs are met sustainably.
Smith Capital Equipment has been designing, fabricating, and supplying aerial platforms and drill rigs in South Africa for over 35 years. They are the only company in Africa that designs and manufactures a full range of aerial platforms for utilities. Smith Capital also has over 35 years of experience with drill rigs and now represents PM Truck Mount Cranes, the fastest growing truck crane manufacturer. They provide solutions for utilities, municipalities, and mining through innovative technology and reliable after-sales service.
Let's Make Corporate Learning Fun, Memorable & MeasurablePlay2Lead
The document discusses using gamification and mobile technologies to make corporate learning more engaging, memorable, and measurable. It proposes a system that would allow learners to earn points and compete on leaderboards for completing learning activities both before, during, and after formal training sessions. The goals are to increase learner engagement, recall of training material, and facilitate continuous learning and behavior change through fun competition and social motivation on the platform. Trainers could also receive real-time analytics on learner knowledge and insights to improve training design and outcomes.
Let's Make Corporate Learning Fun, Memorable & MeasurablePlay2Lead
The document discusses using gamification and mobile technologies to make corporate learning more engaging, memorable, and measurable. It proposes a system that would allow learners to earn points and compete on leaderboards for completing learning activities both before, during, and after formal training sessions. The goals are to increase learner engagement, recall of training material, and facilitate continuous learning and behavior change through fun competition and social motivation on the platform. Trainers could also receive real-time analytics on learner knowledge and insights to improve training.
This document defines and explains various key concepts in management. It defines management as a process of designing and maintaining an environment where individuals work together in groups to efficiently accomplish goals. The five main managerial functions are identified as planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Other concepts defined include productivity, organizing, leading, coordination, conceptual skills, goals, policies, procedures, budgets, management by objectives, planning premises, decision making, risk analysis, and social responsiveness.
This document provides a summary of various management concepts in the form of questions and answers. It covers topics such as types of departmentation, internationalization strategies, conflict, inventories, job enrichment, budgeting, SWOT analysis, decision making techniques, recruitment sources, leadership, communication, motivation theories and more. The questions range from conceptual definitions to practical applications of management principles.
This document provides information on management concepts and functions. It distinguishes between administration and management, defines key management roles and functions, and outlines the evolution of management thought from classical to modern approaches. The trends and challenges of managing in a global scenario are also discussed, including the importance of planning, the management by objectives (MBO) process, and how to implement policies and strategies.
This document provides definitions and short explanations of management concepts. It covers topics such as the five functions of management (planning, organizing, staffing, leading, controlling), managerial skills, productivity, goals, policies, procedures, budgets, management by objectives, decision making, risk analysis, and social responsibility. It also discusses organizational structure, types of organizational charts, departmentation, power, authority, and leadership styles. The document is a study guide that defines and explains various foundational management principles in brief form.
This document provides an overview of management concepts including:
- Definitions of management as the process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve goals.
- The four main functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
- Three levels of management in organizations: first-line, middle, and top-level managers.
- Characteristics of organizational structure including span of control, centralization, formalization, and departmentalization.
- Key responsibilities of management such as goal-setting, resource allocation, decision-making, and ensuring employee well-being.
This short paper covers Scope and Importance of Management as a
Subject of Study, Management process, Kinds of Organizational Planning, SWOT Analysis, Staffing, Motivation, Maslow's Theory of Needs Hierarchy, Individual Performance in Organization, Leadership and Controlling.
This document provides an overview of perspective management concepts from Prof. Jairaj Kochavara in August 2010. It includes lists of recommended books on management, basic definitions of key terms like organization, management, and manager. It also discusses the responsibilities and functions of managers in managing businesses, managers, workers, and time. The document outlines goals and forces that influence organizational behavior, important managerial competencies, and definitions of management and the interrelated functions of planning and controlling.
is exactly what the name implies. It’s the overall management of a healthcare facility, such as a clinic or hospital. A healthcare manager is in charge of ensuring a healthcare facility is running as it should in terms of budget, the goals of the facility’s practitioners, and the needs of the community. A person in charge of healthcare management oversees the day-to-day operations of the facility.his individual also acts as a spokesperson when providing information to the media. The person in charge of healthcare management also collaborates with medical staff leaders on issues such as medical equipment, department budgets, planning ways to ensure the facility meets their goals, and maintaining a good relationship with doctors, nurses, and all department heads. The healthcare manager also makes decisions about performance evaluations, staff expectations, budgeting, social media updates, and billing. The objective of the Program in Healthcare Management is to train professionals, according to the needs of the healthcare sector, that are committed to basic principles and values of the sector, have knowledge of managerial procedures and practices, and are competent in inpatient/customer relations and communication
The main objectives of this course are to: 1. To conceptualize an idea about marketing and related terms 2. To provide insight about various forms and types of marketing 3. To analyze various components of marketing channels 4. To understand various concepts relating to consumer behavior 5. To introduce the components of marketing mix 6. To understand the importance of retailing in today’s context 7. To understand emerging marketing trends and regulatory mechanisms
This document discusses the management process of planning. It defines planning as deciding what is to be done, when it is to be done, how it is to be done and who is to do it. Planning is the first function of management and all other functions depend on it. The document outlines the nature, importance, principles, elements/components and steps involved in the planning process. It also discusses different types of planning such as directional, administrative and operational planning.
This document discusses engineering management and key concepts in management. It introduces management topics like the functions of management, levels of management, managerial skills, roles of managers, and theories of management. Specifically, it covers classical management theories like scientific management and administrative management. Scientific management focuses on matching people and tasks to maximize efficiency, while administrative management identifies principles for efficient organization and management.
This document provides an overview of management concepts, functional areas of management, and the development of management thought. It discusses key topics such as the nature, functions, and importance of management. It also summarizes Max Weber's bureaucratic model of management from the classical period of management thought and describes the main features of his model, including an administrative class, hierarchy, division of work, and official rules. Finally, it briefly outlines the neo-classical and modern periods of management theory development.
This document provides an overview of management principles and concepts. It defines management as coordinating work through people to achieve organizational goals. It then discusses several definitions of management provided by experts. It describes the nature of management as a universal, goal-oriented, intellectual, ongoing process that is both an art and a science. It also discusses the levels of management, functions of management, and contrasts administration with management. Finally, it provides an overview of the evolution of management thought including contributions from Taylor on scientific management and Fayol on administrative management.
This document provides an overview of management principles and concepts. It defines management as coordinating work through people to achieve organizational goals. It then discusses several definitions of management provided by experts. It describes the nature of management as a universal, goal-oriented, intellectual, ongoing process that is both an art and a science. It also discusses the levels of management, functions of management, and contrasts administration with management. Finally, it discusses some of the early contributors to management thought, including Taylor's scientific management principles and Fayol's administrative management approach.
The document provides an overview of principles of management. It defines management as the process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling organizational activities. It also discusses the five main functions of management - planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Finally, it describes the different levels of management in organizations from top level management to middle level management to lower level or supervisory management.
This document provides an overview of the course MG2351 Principles of Management offered by the Department of ECE in 2013-2014. It includes 20 questions in Part A covering topics such as definitions of management, its functions, skills required by managers, characteristics of management, productivity, effectiveness and efficiency, levels of management, social responsibility, Fayol's principles, and contributions of Taylor. Part B includes 10 discussion questions on various management topics such as functions of management, whether it is a science or art, Fayol's and Weber's principles, managerial skills required at different levels, environmental factors, role of managers, and trends and challenges in management.
This document provides an introduction to management principles for students in a Bachelor of Science program in Human Resource Management. It defines management and key terms, describes the four classic managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It also discusses managerial roles, skills, levels of management, and the universal nature of management. The challenges facing management today include managing global organizations, building competitive advantage, increasing performance while maintaining ethics, and adapting to new technologies.
Concept, nature & purpose of managementRobin Gulati
1. The document discusses the concepts, nature, and purpose of management. It outlines key terms like planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling as important management functions.
2. Principles of management are proposed by theorists like Henry Fayol and F.W. Taylor to improve the effectiveness of managing organizations. Fayol suggests 14 principles including division of work, authority, and discipline.
3. Taylor's scientific management principles include developing the true science for each work element and selecting/training workers according to job requirements to maximize prosperity for both employers and employees.
This document discusses planning, including:
1. Definitions of planning, its importance, levels of planning, aspects of planning, and types of plans. Planning is defined as systematically establishing needs and determining the best way to meet needs within a strategic framework.
2. The planning process involves 8 steps: recognizing needs, determining objectives, forecasting the future, determining alternatives, evaluating alternatives, selecting a course of action, implementing plans, and revising plans.
3. Types of plans include purposes, objectives, strategies, policies, procedures, rules, programs, and budgets. Plans exist at different levels from national to personal.
The Science of Learning: implications for modern teachingDerek Wenmoth
Keynote presentation to the Educational Leaders hui Kōkiritia Marautanga held in Auckland on 26 June 2024. Provides a high level overview of the history and development of the science of learning, and implications for the design of learning in our modern schools and classrooms.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ 4 KỸ NĂNG TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - FORM MỚI 2025 - C...
Principles of Management
1. UNIT – I – HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
1. What is Management?
Management is the process of giving direction and controlling the various activities of the people to achieve the objectives of
an organization.
2. Define Management.
According to Knootz and Weihrich “Management is the process of designing and maintaining of an environment in which
individuals working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims”.
3. Write some characteristics of Management.
Management is a continuous process.¬
Manager use the resources of the organization both physical as well as human to¬
Achieve goals.
Management aims act achieving the organization goals by ensuring effective use of Resources.¬
4. What are the roles of management in organization?
1. Management helps in determination of the objectives of an organization.
2. Economic and social development takes place through management.
5. Write any 2 points favor for management as a science.
1) Management principles should be verifiable.
2) Reliable basis through management.
6. Write any 2 points favor for management as an art.
i. Management is creative.
ii. Management includes the use of practical knowledge and personal skill.
7. Who is the father of Scientific management?
Frederick Winslow Taylor.
8. What is Time Study?
The movements which takes the minimum time is the best one.
9. What is Motion Study?
Taylor suggested that eliminating wasteful movements and performing only necessary movements.
10. Write Fayol’s 14 principles of management.
Division of work
Authority and Responsibility
Discipline
Unity of Command
Unity of direction
Individual interest to general interest
Remuneration
Centralization
Scalar chain
Order
Equity
Stability
Initiative
ESprite de crops.
11. What is Authority?
2. It is the power given to a person to get work from the subordinates.
12. What is Responsibility?
It is the amount of work expected of from a man by his superior.
13. Comment: Management is both- A science and an art.
Management is a science because it contains general principles. It is also an art because it requires certain personal skills to
be achieve desired results.
14. What is Centralization?
The organization is centralized when the power is concentrated with one person.
15. What is Decentralization?
If the power is fully distributed to the subordinates of the organization.
16. What is Esprit – de- crops?
This means union is strength. In organization employees should be harmony and unity.
17. What are Management Levels?
Top level
Middle level
Lower level
18. Write the functions of management.
Planning¬
Organizing¬
Staffing¬
Coordinating¬
Controlling¬
19. What are the essential skills need for the managers?
Technical skill
Human skill
Conceptual skill.
20. Define Sole trading.
The sole proprietorship is that form of business organization which is owned and controlled by a single individual.
21. What is Partnership?
A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on business and to share its profit and lossess.
22. What is Joint stock company?
A private limited company is a company which has a minimum paid up capital destroyed be prescribed.
24. What is a Co-operative society?
It is a voluntary association of persons for mutual benefit and it aims accomplished through self help and collective effort.
25. What is a social responsibility?
Society is the parts of the management to interact actions wither to protect social interest a society.
3. UNIT –II - PLANNING
1.Define planning.
Planning is the process of selecting the objectives and the determining the course of action required to achieve these
objectives.
2. What are the objectives of planning?
Planning is the primary function of an organizationϖ
It helps in achieving objectivesϖ
It is done to cope with uncertainty and changeϖ
It helps in facilitating controlϖ
It helps in coordinationϖ
It increases organizational effectiveness.ϖ
It guides in decision making.ϖ
3. List out the features of planning.
Planning –a primary function
Planning – a dynamic process
Planning – based on objectives and policies
Planning – a selective process
Pervasiveness of planning.
4. What are the different types of planning?
STANDING PLANS SINGLE USE PLANS
Mission or purpose Programmes
Objectives Budgets
Strategies Schedules
Policies Methods
Procedures projects
Rules
5.Define Mission.
Mission may be defined as “as a statement which defines the role that an organization plays in the society ”.
6. Define objectives.
The term objectives or goals are often used interchangeably. Objectives are the end results towards which the activities of
firm are aimed or directed.
7.What is meant by strategy?
Strategy of an organization is the programmes of action and deployment of resources to attain its objectives.
8. What are the factors to be considered while formulating strategies?
1. Mission and objectives of an organization.
2. Values, aspirations and prejudices of top level management
3. Opportunities and threads of the external environment.
4. Strength and weakness of the firm in various aspects such as funds, organization structure, human talent, technology,
etc.
4. 9.Define policies.
Policies are general statements or understandings which provide guidance in decision making to various managers.
10. What is procedure?
Procedure is a chronological order of actions required to implement a policy and to achieve an objectives.
11. How rules can be defined?
Rules are plans in which they suggest the required course of action .
12. What is programme?
Programme is a broad term which includes goals, policies, procedure, rules, task assignment, steps to be taken, resources
to be employed to carry out a given course of action.
13. Define Budgets.
A budget is a statement of expected results in numerical terms and therefore, it may be referred as a numerical programme.
14. Classify budgets.
i. Variable budgets or Flexible budgets
ii. Programme budgets
iii. Zero-base budget
15. Give the flow diagram of planning steps.
SERIAL NUMBER PLANNING STEPS
1 Identification of opportunities
2 Establishment of objectives
3 Developing planning premises
4 Identification of alternatives
5 Evaluation of alternatives
6 Selecting an alterative
7 Formulating derivative plans
8 Establishing sequence of activities
16. What is objective?
Objectives are the aims, purposes or goals that an organization wants to achieve over varying periods of time.
17. List down the guidelines for the objective setting.
1. objective should cover the main features of the job
2. objectives must be clearly specified in writing
3. The list of objectives should not be too long. Wherever it is possible, combine some objectives to make the list
reasonable.
4. objectives should be verifiable.
18. Mention the different areas of an organization towards objective setting.
Market standing¬
5. Innovation¬
Productivity¬
Resources- physical and financial¬
Profitability¬
Manager performance and development¬
Public responsibility¬
Worker performance, attitude and development.¬
19. What are the benefits of objective setting?
i. It sets specific targets for the employee to achieve which are liked to business/ development plan.
ii. It states how the performance of the employee is to be measured to assess progress.
iii. It provides direction of the employee.
iv. It allows progress, targets, and successes to be monitored and measured by the manager.
v. It helps build working relationships between the employee and the manager and improves overall communications.
20. What is MBO?
MBO is a process where by the superior and the subordinate managers of an enterprise jointly identify its common goals,
define each individual’s major areas of responsibility in terms of results expected of him, and use these measures as guides
for operating the unit and the contribution of each of its members is assessed.
21. What are the benefits of MBO?
o Improvement of managing
o Clarification of organization
o Personnel satisfaction
o Team work
o Development of effective control.
22. Explain the term decision and decision making.
A decision may be a direction to other to do or not to do. Decision making is defined as the process of choosing a course of
action from among alternatives to achieve a desired goal. It is one of the functions of management and also a core process
of planning. The management executive takes a number of decisions every day. Thus, a decision may be rational or
irrational. There are number of alternatives available to the management. The best one is selected out of the available
alternatives.
23. Write down the process followed in decision – making process.
SERIAL NUMBER DECISION MAKING PROCESS- STEPS
1 Identification of problem
2 Diagnosis and analysis the problem
3 Search for alternatives
4 Evaluation of alternatives
5 Selecting an alternatives
6 Implementation and follow up
7 Feed back
24. What is planning premises?
The assumptions about future derived from forecasting and used in planning are known as planning premises.
25. How would you evaluate the importance of a decision?
Decision making is a selection process. The best alternative is selected out of many available alternatives.
Decision-making is a goal –oriented process.
Decision making is the end process.
Decision making is a human and rational process involving the application of intellectual abilities.
6. Decision making is a dynamic process.
UNIT-III - ORGANISING
1. Define organizing.
Organizing is the process of identifying and grouping of activities required to attain the objectives, delegating authority,
creating the responsibility and establishing relationships for the people to work effectively.
2. What do you understand by effective organizing?
Effective organizing focuses on finding mistakes in present organizing and avoiding such mistakes by proper planning.
Effective organizing avoids organizational inflexibility and makes the staff work effectively by avoiding conflicts by
clarification.
3. Mention any 4 characteristics of an organization.
Common objectives♣
Specialization or division of labor♣
Authority of structure♣
Group of persons.♣
4. State the kinds of organizational charts.
Vertical chart¬
Horizontal or left to right chart¬
Circular or concentric chart.¬
5. What is Span of control?
Span of control means the number of people managed effectively by a single superior in an organization. The term “span of
control” is also known as “SPAN OF MANAGEMENT”, “SPAN OF AUTHORITY” and “SPAN OF RESPONSIBILITY.” But
span of management is a better term because control and supervision are elements of management.
6. Mention the 3 categories of span of management.
1. Direct single relationship
2. Direct group relationship
3. Cross relationship.
7. State the important factors in determining an effective span.
SERIAL NUMBER FACTORS DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE SPAN
1 Capacity of superior
2 Capacity of subordinate
3 Nature of work
4 Type of technology
5 Delegation of authority
8. What are the types of Departmentation?
SERIAL NUMBER TYPES OF DEPARTMENTATION
7. 1 Departmentation by numbers
2 Departmentation by time
3 Departmentation by Enterprise function
4 Departmentation by Territory
5 Departmentation by Customers
6 Departmentation by equipment or process
7 Departmentation by product or service
9. What is a matrix structure?
Matrix structure is a hybrid organizational form, containing characteristics of both project and functional structures.
10. How can we define power?
“power is the probability that one actor within the relationship will be in a position to carry out his own despite resistance”.
11. What is Staff authority?
The relationship between a staff manager and the line manager with whom he works depends in part on the staff duties.
12. Define Staffing.
Staffing is the part of the management process which is concerned with the procurement utilization, maintenance and
development of a large satisfied work force on the organization.
13. Define HRP.
“HRP is the process by which an organization ensures that it has the right number and kind of people at the right place at
the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completion, those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall
objectives”.
14. What are the steps involved in man power planning?
Forecasting man power needs
Forecasting man power inventory
Identifying man power gaps
Man power programme.
15. What is job analysis?
Job analysis is a detailed study of job to identify the skills, experience and aptitude required for the job.
16. What is job design?
The job design is usually broad enough to accommodate people’s, need and desires.
17. What is job rotation?
The job rotation refers in the movement of an employee from the job to another.
18. Define Recruitment.
B. FIPPO defined recruitment as “the process of searching for prospective employees and stimulating to apply for jobs in the
organization”.
19. What is selection?
Selection is the process of finding out the most suitable candidate to the job out of the candidates attached.
8. 20. What are the steps involved in selection process?
SERIAL NUMBER SELECTION PROCESS
1 Screening of applications
2 Selection tests
3 Preliminary interview
4 Reference check
5 Medical examination
6 Final interview
7 Approved by appropriate authority
8 Placement
21. What is performance appraisal?
Performance appraisal evaluates the performance of worker also his potential for development.
22. What is Halo effect?
It is tendency of rather to depend excessively on the rating of one. Trait or behavioral consideration in rating all other traits or
behavioral considerations.
23. What is assessment centre?
In this approach individuals from various departments are brought together to spend two or three days working on an
individual or group assignment similar to the ones they would be handling when promoted.
24. Define Training.
According to B.FIPPO “training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for doing a particular job”.
25. What are the methods of Training?
SERIAL NUMBER ON THE JOB TRAINING SERIAL NUMBER OFF THE JOB TRAINING
1 Job rotation 1 Lecture
2 Apprenticeship and coaching 2 Seminars
3 Committee assignments 3 Case studies
4 Experience 4 Business game
5 Temporary promotions 5 In basket method
26. What is basket training method?
Basket contains a number of correspondences like memo, circulars, lectures and reports. The trainees are required to solve
ach problem and to record their decisions within a specified tie period. This training is promotes the skills like logical
thinking, time management skill and decision making skill.
UNIT- IV - DIRECTING
1. What is meant by the term directing?
Directing may be defined as the process of instructing, guiding and inspiring human factors in the organization to achieve
organization objectives. It is not only issuing orders and instruction by a superior to his subordinates but also including the
process of guiding and inspiring them to work effectively.
2. List down the human factors in managing.
9. Multiplicity of roles
Individuality
Personal dignity
3. Define creativity.
Creativity is defined as the ability to produce new and useful ideas through the combination of know principles and
components in novel and non obvious ways. Creativity exists throughout the population, largely independent of age, sex,
and education.
4. What are the steps involved in creative process?
Saturation¬
Preparation¬
Frustration and incubation¬
Inspiration or illumination¬
Verification.¬
5. How are problems solved by creative tool?
Creativity tools are designed to help you devise, creative and imaginative solutions to problems. It helps you spot
opportunities that you might otherwise miss.
6. What does SCAMPER stand for?
S - Substitute¬
C - Combine¬
A - Adapt¬
M - Modify¬
P - Put to another use¬
E - Eliminate¬
R - Reverse¬
7. What are the steps involved in simplex tool?
1. problem finding
2. fact finding
3. problem identification
4. idea finding
5. selection and evaluation
6. planning
7. sell data
8. Action.
8. How can be harmonizing objectives achieved?
1. Mutual trust
2. Cooperation and understanding.
3. Workers participation in management, and
4. Balancing the objectives of the organization with those of individuals.
9. Define “multiplicity of roles”.
Individuals are not only the productive factor in management’s plans. They are members of social system of many
10. organizations.
10. What is meant by brain storming?
Brain storming is an excellent way of developing many creative solutions to a problem. It works by focusing on a problem,
and then coming up with very many radical solutions to it. The essence of brainstorming is a creative conference, ideally of 8
to 12 people meeting for less than an hour to develop a long list of 50 or more ideas. Suggestions are listed without criticism
on a black board or news print as they are offered.
11. Define Motivation.
Motivation is a general term applying to the entire class of drives, desires, needs wishes and similar forces that induce an
individual or a group of people to work.
12. What are the steps involved in motivation process?
Analysis of situationϖ
Preparing, selecting and applying a set of appropriate motivating tools.ϖ
Follow up.ϖ
13. What are the types of motivation?
Positive motivation¬
Negative motivation¬
Extrinsic motivation¬
Intrinsic motivation¬
14. List out the basic needs in a hierarchy.
1. Physiological needs
2. Safety needs
3. Social needs
4. Esteem needs
5. Self- actualization needs.
15. What is job enrichment?
Job enrichment is therefore based on the assumptions that in order to motivate personnel, the job itself must provide
opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement and growth.
16. Define leadership.
Leadership is the process of influencing the behavior of others towards the accomplishment of goals in a given situation.
17. Mention the importance of leadership.
i. Motivating employees
ii. Leader develops team work
iii. Better utilization of manpower
iv. Creating confidence to followers
v. Directing group activities
vi. Building morale
vii. Maintaining discipline.
18. List out few leadership traits.
• The Michigan studies
• The ohio state university studies
• The managerial grid.
19. Name the various leadership styles.
• Autocratic or Dictatorial leadership
• Participative or Democratic leadership.
• Laissez- faire or Free- rein leadership.
11. 20. What is communication?
Communication is the passing of information from one person to another person.
21. Mention the various elements in the process of communication?
1. sender
2. communication channels
3. symbols
4. receiver
5. noise and feedback in communication.
22. Name the various types of communication.
1. Down ward communication
2. Upward communication
3. Horizontal or lateral communication.
23. Note down the various communicating networks.
1. simple chain
2. wheel
3. circular
4. free flow
5. inverted v
24. What are the physical barriers involved in effective communication.
1. physical barriers
2. socio-psychological or personal barriers
3. organizational barriers
4. semantic barriers
5. mechanical barriers.
25. List out the various effective media in communication.
A large bank supplies hardware and software to its customers¬
Several banks now make bank – by – phone services available even to individuals.¬
E- mail service making easy delivery of documents.¬
UNIT-V – CONTROLLING
1. Define Control.
According to koontz “controlling to the measurement and correction of performance in order to make sure that enterprise
objectives and the plans devised to attain them are accomplished”.
2. What are the characteristics of control?
Control process is universalϖ
Control is a continuous processϖ
Control is action basedϖ
Control is forward looking.ϖ
3. Why need of control in the organization?
12. Control can minimize the mistakesϖ
To discover the deviations in the managementϖ
To minimize dishonest behavior of employees.ϖ
4. Give some critical point standards of control.
Cost standardsϖ
Revenue standardsϖ
Goals standardsϖ
Program standards.ϖ
5. What are the types of control?
Feedback controlϖ
Concurrent controlϖ
Feed forward controlϖ
6. What are the requirements for effective control?
i. The control should be economical
ii. It must be simple
iii. It should be flexible
iv. It should be clear objectives.
7. What is management by exception?
Actual performance compare with the standard performance deviations which cannot significant should be avoid.
8. What are traditional techniques of control?
i. Personal observation
ii. Break –even analysis
iii. Statistical reports
iv. Budgetary control.
9. What are modern techniques of control?
i. Management audit
ii. Return on investment
iii. PERT& CPM
iv. MIS
10. Define Budgetary control.
According to J. Batty “A system which uses budgets as a means of planning and controlling all aspects of producing and or
selling commodities and services”.
11. What are the different types of Budgets?
FUNCTIONAL BUDGET TIME CLASSIFICATION ACTIVITY LEVEL
Short term budget Fixed budget¬i. Sales budget
Current term budget Flexible budget¬ii. Production budget
Long term budget¬iii. Purchase budget
iv. personnel budget
v. Cash budget
vi. Research and Development budget
vii. Capital budget
viii. Master budget
ix. Profit budget
x. Cost budget
12. Define MIS.
“A system of obtaining abstracting , storing and analyzing data, to productions information for use in planning, controlling
and decision making by managers at the time they can most effectively use it”.
13. 13. What are the MIS Resources?
Computer hardware
Software
Data
People.
14. Define productivity.
Productivity is a measure of how much input is required to produce a given output i.e. the ratio(output/input ) is called
productivity.
15. What are the factors consider for product design?
Marketing
Government policy
Production
Technology
Product quality
16. Define OR.
OR is a systematic analysis of a problem through scientific methods, carried out by appropriate specialists, working together
as a team, finding an optimum and the most appropriate solution to meet the given objective under a given set of
constraints.
17. What is Inventory control?
The inventory control refers to the control of raw materials, and purchased materials in store and regulation of investment in
them.
18. What is Economic order Quantity?
Formula , EOQ = 2DS/ C
Where,
D- Demand per year
C- Annual carrying cost of one unit.
S- Ordering cost.
19. What is JIT?
Just In Time inventory system. In this method the suppliers delivers the materials to the production spot just in time to be
assembled. This method reduces cost of inventory.
20. What are the objectives of value engineering?
Modify and improve product design¬
Reduce the product cost¬
Increase the profit¬
Simplify the product.¬
21. What is quality circle?
To improving productivity and quality everyone in the organization. The circles presents the solutions to the top
management.
22. What are the steps in value engineering?
Blastϖ
Createϖ
Refine.ϖ
14. 23. What is Gantt chart?
It involves the representation of work progress over a period of time in the form of a bar chart.
24. Define MNC.
“An enterprise which own or control production or service facilities outside the country in which they are based”.
25. What are the attitudes need by MNC manager?
Ethnocentric attitude¬
Polycentric attitude¬
Geocentric attitude¬
26. What are global theory of Management?
1. situational and contingency approach
2. motivation and leadership theory
3. organizational behavior.