The document discusses an operating system topic presented by the Ethernet group consisting of three members. It defines an operating system as the set of programs that controls a computer and provides an interface between the user and hardware. The functions of an operating system include process management, memory management, file management, and security management. It also discusses the differences between user mode and kernel mode in an operating system.
The document discusses Microsoft .NET, which is a development platform that allows applications to be built across multiple devices and operating systems using XML web services. It provides details on the components of .NET including .NET experiences, clients, services, servers, and tools. The document also covers ASP.NET, MVC, .NET security, and resources for learning more about the .NET framework.
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that acts as an interface between the user and hardware and manages computer resources. It describes the primary objectives of operating systems as making the computer convenient to use and managing resources. Some key types discussed include batch processing, multiprogramming, time-sharing, networks, and real-time operating systems.
Presentation about Operating System.
including file management.process management,multitasking,different kind of operating system,some popular operating system
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and architectures. It can be summarized as follows:
1. An operating system is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.
2. The main functions of an operating system include managing system resources like memory and files, providing a user interface, running applications, and supporting utility programs.
3. Operating systems can be categorized as monolithic, layered, microkernel, networked, or distributed based on their internal organization and architecture.
4. Operating system architectures include single processor systems, multi-processor systems, and clustered systems.
Operating System - Types Of Operating System Unit-1abhinav baba
In This Slide There is Operating System And it's types ( Types of operating system)
Batch Operating System
Network Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
Real Time Operating System
Distributed Operating System
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Presentation on Operating System & its ComponentsMahmuda Rahman
An operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for programs. It allows multiple users and programs to run concurrently, allocating resources and providing file management, security, and other core functions. Key components of an operating system include the kernel, which handles processes, memory, devices and security; the user interface; and system utilities that support functions like booting and file management. Popular operating systems include Linux, an open-source version of UNIX with components like the kernel, system utilities and libraries.
The document discusses Microsoft .NET, which is a development platform that allows applications to be built across multiple devices and operating systems using XML web services. It provides details on the components of .NET including .NET experiences, clients, services, servers, and tools. The document also covers ASP.NET, MVC, .NET security, and resources for learning more about the .NET framework.
The document discusses different types of operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that acts as an interface between the user and hardware and manages computer resources. It describes the primary objectives of operating systems as making the computer convenient to use and managing resources. Some key types discussed include batch processing, multiprogramming, time-sharing, networks, and real-time operating systems.
Presentation about Operating System.
including file management.process management,multitasking,different kind of operating system,some popular operating system
The document provides an overview of operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and architectures. It can be summarized as follows:
1. An operating system is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.
2. The main functions of an operating system include managing system resources like memory and files, providing a user interface, running applications, and supporting utility programs.
3. Operating systems can be categorized as monolithic, layered, microkernel, networked, or distributed based on their internal organization and architecture.
4. Operating system architectures include single processor systems, multi-processor systems, and clustered systems.
Operating System - Types Of Operating System Unit-1abhinav baba
In This Slide There is Operating System And it's types ( Types of operating system)
Batch Operating System
Network Operating System
Time Sharing Operating System
Real Time Operating System
Distributed Operating System
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is a component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Presentation on Operating System & its ComponentsMahmuda Rahman
An operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for programs. It allows multiple users and programs to run concurrently, allocating resources and providing file management, security, and other core functions. Key components of an operating system include the kernel, which handles processes, memory, devices and security; the user interface; and system utilities that support functions like booting and file management. Popular operating systems include Linux, an open-source version of UNIX with components like the kernel, system utilities and libraries.
The document discusses the core components of an operating system including the hardware, kernel, shell, user applications, and describes the functions of the process manager, memory manager, network manager, device manager, and file manager. It also provides information about various operating systems such as UNIX, Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
The document defines operating systems and describes their basic components and functions. It discusses how operating systems provide an interface between hardware and software, manage system resources, and allow for the execution of user programs. The goals of an operating system are to provide convenience for users and efficient operation of the computer system. An operating system is a type of system software that coordinates hardware and software and controls and allocates resources.
This document provides an overview of operating systems. It begins with an introduction defining an operating system and its role. It then discusses the history of operating systems and the four main components of operating system software: memory management, processor management, device management, and file management. Finally, it outlines eight common types of operating systems including batch, multiprogramming, desktop, real-time, and distributed operating systems.
The document discusses the classification and types of operating systems. It describes operating systems being classified based on their interface, number of users, and response time and mode of program execution. Some key points covered are: MS-DOS is a single-user, single-task operating system with a character-based interface, while Windows is a single-user, multi-tasking operating system with a graphical user interface. UNIX is an example of a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. Batch, multi-programming, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems differ in their response times and how programs are executed.
Basics of Operating Systems Definition – Generations of Operating systems – Types of Operating Systems, OS Service, System Calls, OS structure: Layered, Monolithic, Microkernel Operating Systems – Concept of Virtual Machine
The document discusses different types of operating systems, including time sharing systems. It describes time sharing systems as allowing multiple users to access a computer simultaneously through time slicing techniques. Each user's process is given a short time slice to run on the CPU before being interrupted so that another process can run, allowing for fast switching between users and higher CPU utilization. The presentation discusses time sharing systems in the context of other operating system types like batch systems, single-user systems, and multi-user systems.
Operating System is a collection of programs that handle many of technical details Related to using a computer. In many ways ,an operating system is most important type of computer program. Without it your computer would be useless.
Definition:-Operating system are program that manages resources, provide user interface, and run applications.
Functions Of Operating System
Features Of Operating Systems
Advantages of Linux
This slide is to be understand about introduction Operating System and also discuss about the types of operating sytem which will be beneficial to all students or anybody...
The document discusses operating systems and provides information on various topics related to operating systems including:
- What an operating system is and its main functions
- Types of operating systems such as single-user/multi-user, real-time, distributed, and mobile operating systems
- Components of an operating system including the kernel, shell, interrupts, and processes
- Concepts such as booting, memory management, virtual memory, and process scheduling
- Additional topics like threads, cloud computing, computer storage, and advantages of cloud computing
The document discusses different types of application software including spreadsheets, graphic presentations, and database management systems. It provides examples of common programs for each type like Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets and Microsoft Access for databases. It also covers operating systems, describing their functions such as allocating memory and controlling input/output devices. The evolution of operating systems is summarized from batch processing to timesharing and distributed systems. Key aspects of batch processing, multiprogramming, and timesharing systems are highlighted.
The document discusses an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. It describes the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time-sharing systems. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like managing memory, controlling I/O devices, and facilitating file storage. It also differentiates between single-user and multi-user operating systems.
This document discusses operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. The key functions of an operating system are controlling memory allocation, prioritizing tasks, managing input/output, facilitating networking, and handling file systems. Operating systems are classified as single-user, multi-user, batch processing, real-time, or time-sharing depending on how users interact with the system. Common examples provided are Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac OS.
The components of an operating system all exist in order to make the different parts of a computer work together. All user software needs to go through the operating system in order to use any of the hardware, whether it be as simple as a mouse or keyboard or as complex as an Internet component.
This Tutorial will provide you information on working of operating system. Main topics are following and further sub-topics are discussed in detail.
1. Kernel Architecture.
2. Initialization of operating system.
3. Process of operating system.
4. Management in operating system.
5. File system.
6.Security in operating system.
7.Interface in operating System.
Overview of various types of operating systemUmme habiba
The operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and comes in various types including single-tasking, multi-tasking, distributed, templated, embedded, and real-time. It performs functions like process management, memory management, I/O device management, file systems, protection and security, networking, and device drivers. Examples of operating systems include open source ones like UNIX and Linux, proprietary ones like Macintosh, and hybrid ones like Microsoft.
The operating system controls the computer by providing an interface between the user and hardware to make the computer more convenient to use. It manages processes, memory, files, security, and interprets commands. The operating system allows users to start and stop processes, allocate memory, create and manage files and directories, implement security measures like passwords and firewalls, and interacts with users through either a command line or graphical user interface.
An operating system acts as an interface between computer hardware and users, managing system resources like memory, processors, and file storage. It provides a user-friendly environment for developing and running programs while hiding hardware complexity. Early operating systems emerged in the 1940s alongside the first computers, which were enormous machines using vacuum tubes. As technology advanced, operating systems evolved to support multiprocessor systems, networks, and other new hardware configurations.
Operating System Concepts PresentationNitish Jadia
Operating System Concepts was presented by Nitish Jadia in Bhopal null meet, to make people aware of the internal workings of the OS they use.
The contents and explanation of this PPT was inspired and taken from Operating System Concepts by by silberschatz galvin gagne.
The document discusses operating systems, their objectives, functions, evolution, and key concepts. It describes how operating systems control hardware resources, support users and programs, and have evolved from serial processing to modern systems with features like virtual memory, multithreading, symmetric multiprocessing, and distributed architectures. The main components discussed are processes, memory management, scheduling, and architectural approaches like microkernels, SMP, and object-oriented design.
The document discusses the core components of an operating system including the hardware, kernel, shell, user applications, and describes the functions of the process manager, memory manager, network manager, device manager, and file manager. It also provides information about various operating systems such as UNIX, Windows, MacOS, Linux, Android and iOS.
The document defines operating systems and describes their basic components and functions. It discusses how operating systems provide an interface between hardware and software, manage system resources, and allow for the execution of user programs. The goals of an operating system are to provide convenience for users and efficient operation of the computer system. An operating system is a type of system software that coordinates hardware and software and controls and allocates resources.
This document provides an overview of operating systems. It begins with an introduction defining an operating system and its role. It then discusses the history of operating systems and the four main components of operating system software: memory management, processor management, device management, and file management. Finally, it outlines eight common types of operating systems including batch, multiprogramming, desktop, real-time, and distributed operating systems.
The document discusses the classification and types of operating systems. It describes operating systems being classified based on their interface, number of users, and response time and mode of program execution. Some key points covered are: MS-DOS is a single-user, single-task operating system with a character-based interface, while Windows is a single-user, multi-tasking operating system with a graphical user interface. UNIX is an example of a multi-user, multi-tasking operating system. Batch, multi-programming, time-sharing, and real-time operating systems differ in their response times and how programs are executed.
Basics of Operating Systems Definition – Generations of Operating systems – Types of Operating Systems, OS Service, System Calls, OS structure: Layered, Monolithic, Microkernel Operating Systems – Concept of Virtual Machine
The document discusses different types of operating systems, including time sharing systems. It describes time sharing systems as allowing multiple users to access a computer simultaneously through time slicing techniques. Each user's process is given a short time slice to run on the CPU before being interrupted so that another process can run, allowing for fast switching between users and higher CPU utilization. The presentation discusses time sharing systems in the context of other operating system types like batch systems, single-user systems, and multi-user systems.
Operating System is a collection of programs that handle many of technical details Related to using a computer. In many ways ,an operating system is most important type of computer program. Without it your computer would be useless.
Definition:-Operating system are program that manages resources, provide user interface, and run applications.
Functions Of Operating System
Features Of Operating Systems
Advantages of Linux
This slide is to be understand about introduction Operating System and also discuss about the types of operating sytem which will be beneficial to all students or anybody...
The document discusses operating systems and provides information on various topics related to operating systems including:
- What an operating system is and its main functions
- Types of operating systems such as single-user/multi-user, real-time, distributed, and mobile operating systems
- Components of an operating system including the kernel, shell, interrupts, and processes
- Concepts such as booting, memory management, virtual memory, and process scheduling
- Additional topics like threads, cloud computing, computer storage, and advantages of cloud computing
The document discusses different types of application software including spreadsheets, graphic presentations, and database management systems. It provides examples of common programs for each type like Microsoft Excel for spreadsheets and Microsoft Access for databases. It also covers operating systems, describing their functions such as allocating memory and controlling input/output devices. The evolution of operating systems is summarized from batch processing to timesharing and distributed systems. Key aspects of batch processing, multiprogramming, and timesharing systems are highlighted.
The document discusses an introduction to operating systems. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. It describes the evolution of operating systems from batch processing to time-sharing systems. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like managing memory, controlling I/O devices, and facilitating file storage. It also differentiates between single-user and multi-user operating systems.
This document discusses operating systems, including their definition, functions, types, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources. The key functions of an operating system are controlling memory allocation, prioritizing tasks, managing input/output, facilitating networking, and handling file systems. Operating systems are classified as single-user, multi-user, batch processing, real-time, or time-sharing depending on how users interact with the system. Common examples provided are Windows, Linux, UNIX, and Mac OS.
The components of an operating system all exist in order to make the different parts of a computer work together. All user software needs to go through the operating system in order to use any of the hardware, whether it be as simple as a mouse or keyboard or as complex as an Internet component.
This Tutorial will provide you information on working of operating system. Main topics are following and further sub-topics are discussed in detail.
1. Kernel Architecture.
2. Initialization of operating system.
3. Process of operating system.
4. Management in operating system.
5. File system.
6.Security in operating system.
7.Interface in operating System.
Overview of various types of operating systemUmme habiba
The operating system manages computer hardware and software resources, provides common services for programs, and comes in various types including single-tasking, multi-tasking, distributed, templated, embedded, and real-time. It performs functions like process management, memory management, I/O device management, file systems, protection and security, networking, and device drivers. Examples of operating systems include open source ones like UNIX and Linux, proprietary ones like Macintosh, and hybrid ones like Microsoft.
The operating system controls the computer by providing an interface between the user and hardware to make the computer more convenient to use. It manages processes, memory, files, security, and interprets commands. The operating system allows users to start and stop processes, allocate memory, create and manage files and directories, implement security measures like passwords and firewalls, and interacts with users through either a command line or graphical user interface.
An operating system acts as an interface between computer hardware and users, managing system resources like memory, processors, and file storage. It provides a user-friendly environment for developing and running programs while hiding hardware complexity. Early operating systems emerged in the 1940s alongside the first computers, which were enormous machines using vacuum tubes. As technology advanced, operating systems evolved to support multiprocessor systems, networks, and other new hardware configurations.
Operating System Concepts PresentationNitish Jadia
Operating System Concepts was presented by Nitish Jadia in Bhopal null meet, to make people aware of the internal workings of the OS they use.
The contents and explanation of this PPT was inspired and taken from Operating System Concepts by by silberschatz galvin gagne.
The document discusses operating systems, their objectives, functions, evolution, and key concepts. It describes how operating systems control hardware resources, support users and programs, and have evolved from serial processing to modern systems with features like virtual memory, multithreading, symmetric multiprocessing, and distributed architectures. The main components discussed are processes, memory management, scheduling, and architectural approaches like microkernels, SMP, and object-oriented design.
This document provides an overview and agenda for a kernel security workshop. It introduces the speaker Mohit Saxena and his background. The agenda covers OS and kernel overview topics like processes, interrupts, memory management, and multitasking. It discusses kernel architecture approaches like monolithic, layered, and microkernel. It also covers security concepts like DAC, LSM, and SELinux. Specific topics on Linux and BSD kernel security are included. The agenda concludes with a live SDWAN demo and a workshop on building a firewall using FreeBSD.
What Operating Systems Do
Computer System Organization
Computer System Architecture
Operating System Structure
Operating System Operations
Distributed Systems
Open Source Operating Systems.
operating system over view.ppt operating sysyemsJyoReddy9
The document discusses the key concepts of operating systems including their goals, structure, functions and management of processes, memory, storage and security. Specifically, it describes how an operating system acts as an intermediary between the user and hardware to execute programs efficiently while making resource allocation decisions. It also outlines the hierarchy of computer storage and caching strategies used to optimize performance.
1. The document provides an introduction to operating systems, covering topics like computer system architecture, operating system structure and operations, types of computing environments, and operating system services.
2. It describes the basic components of an operating system including process management, memory management, storage management, I/O subsystem management, and protection and security.
3. Various computing environments are discussed, including stand-alone systems, distributed systems, client-server models, peer-to-peer networks, virtualization, cloud computing, and real-time embedded systems.
An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The document discusses the functions, components, types, and concepts of operating systems including process and memory management, I/O device management, user interfaces, single-user vs. multi-user systems, and threading models. It provides details on how operating systems schedule processes, manage files and memory, and utilize threads at both the user and kernel level.
The document provides an introduction to operating systems, describing their goals and functions. It discusses the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then describes what operating systems do from different perspectives, such as managing shared resources efficiently. The rest of the document outlines some key operating system concepts like process management, memory management, file system management, and how interrupts, multiprogramming, and multitasking work.
The document discusses operating systems and their functions. It covers:
1) The OS acts as an interface between the user and hardware, allocating and managing resources like memory, CPU time, and I/O devices.
2) The OS supports application software, loads programs into memory, and transforms raw hardware into a usable machine.
3) Key functions of the OS include scheduling processes, managing memory, handling I/O, and allocating resources like the CPU. The OS allows for time-sharing of resources between multiple users and programs.
4 Module - Operating Systems Configuration and Use by Mark John LadoMark John Lado, MIT
4 Module - Operating Systems Configuration and Use
More on https://www.markjohn.cf/courses
This course will deliberate on the basics of an operating system, which may include Computer Memory, the Operating System, its Graphical User Interface, The Windows Operating System, and Desktop, Operating System Installation.
This document provides an overview of operating system topics including introduction, memory management, process management, file management, and device management. It defines an operating system as an interface between the user and computer that provides an environment for users to interact with and execute programs. Key functions of the OS are discussed such as memory management, processor management, file management, security, and more. Memory management techniques like segmentation are explained. Process management and the life cycle of a process are also covered at a high level.
SA_IT241_3
WHAT ARE THE SECURITY VIOLATION CATEGORIES?
1. Breach of confidentiality: unauthorized reading of data.
2. Breach of integrity: unauthorized modification of data.
3. Breach of availability: unauthorized destruction of data.
4. Theft of service: unauthorized use of resources.
5. Denial of Service(DOS): Prevention of legitimate use.
WHAT ARE THE SECURITY VIOLATION METHODS?
1. Masquerading (authentication breach): pretending to be an authorized user.
2. Replay Attack: Replaying the same message or adding a modification to it.
3. Man-in-the-middle attack: intruder sits in data flow, masquerading as sender to receiver and vice versa.
4. Session hijacking: intercepting a session which is already on going to by-pass authentication.
5. Privilege escalation: A really Common attack, access of resources that a user is not supposed to have.
WHAT ARE THE OTHER VARIATIONS OF HYPERVISORS?
1. Paravirtualization: guest OS is modified to work with VMM.
2. Programming-environment virtualization: VMMS do not virtualize hardware which creates optimized virtual system (Used by Oracle Java and Microsoft.Net).
3. Emulators: Allows applications written for one hardware to run on different hardware environments.
4. Application Containment: Not virtualization but, provides features like it by segregating application making them more secure and manageable.
Oracle Solaris Zones, BSD Jails, IBM AIX WPARs.
• Much variation is due to breadth, depth, and importance of virtualization.
WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF LIVE MIGRATION?
1. VMM start connection with the target VMM.
2. Target created a new guest (by creating a new VCPU).
3. VMM sends read-only files to target VMM.
4. VMM sends read-write files to target VMM.
5. Repeat 4 unit done as not all read-write data can be sent (could be a dirty read).
6. If step 4 and 5 becomes very short then, VMM freezes guest, send remaining stuff.
7. Target starts running the freezed guest.
WHAT ARE THE REASONS FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS?
1. Resource sharing
Sharing files, information, printing.
Using remote GPUs.
2. Computation speedup
dsitribute processing needed to multicomputers.
Load balancing: moving jobs to more lightly-laoded sites.
3. Reliability: detect and recover failurs.
WHAT ARE THE WIDELY USED ARCHITECTURES?
1. Client-server model.
2. Cluster-based model.
WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES?
1. Naming and transparency.
2. Remote file access.
3. Caching and caching consistency.
WHAT WAS GFS WAS INFLUNECNED BY?
1. Hardware failure should be expected routinely.
2. Most files are changed by appending new data (rather than overwriting existing data).
3. Modularized software layer MapReduce sit on top of GFS to carry out large-scale parallel computations.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF DISK CACHES?
1. Reliable
2. Cached data kept on disk do not need to be fetched again while recovery.
ADVANTAGES OF MAIN MEMORY CACHES?
1. Can make workstations diskless.
2. Quicker data access.
3. Performance speed up in bigger memories.
4. Server c
An operating system controls application programs and acts as an interface between applications and hardware. It provides services like program development, execution and resource management. An OS allows for convenient, efficient and evolvable use of computer systems. It masks hardware details from users and programs. An OS manages resources like processors, memory, storage and I/O devices.
- Operating systems use dual-mode operation to protect the OS from user programs and ensure proper execution. This involves distinguishing between kernel mode and user mode.
- In user mode, a process can only execute normal instructions while in kernel mode, a process can execute both normal and privileged instructions to access hardware resources.
- A process transitions from user to kernel mode via system calls to request OS services. This involves a mode switch by the hardware that saves context and sets the mode bit to kernel mode.
The document provides an outline on operating systems memory storage and management. It discusses how the OS must manage memory to ensure each process has enough space to execute without interfering with other processes. It describes different types of memory like cache, RAM, and disk and how the OS uses these properly. Specific topics covered include cache memory, RAM, virtual memory using swap files, the kernel, kernel types, shells, types of shells, shell scripting, and the four freedoms of open source software.
The document discusses computer architecture and memory. It describes the core components of a CPU like the ALU, control unit, and registers. It explains different memory types like RAM, ROM, and cache and how they work. It also discusses memory mapping and addressing, describing how applications are logically connected to memory segments via a memory manager rather than having direct physical access.
This chapter provides an introduction and overview of operating systems. It defines an operating system as a program that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. It describes the components of a computer system including hardware, operating system, application programs, and users. It then discusses the structure and functions of operating systems, including process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security, and distributed systems. It provides examples of different computing environments like traditional, client-server, peer-to-peer, and web-based computing.
This document provides an overview of operating system concepts across 3 chapters. It describes the core functions of an operating system including process management, memory management, storage management, protection and security. It also discusses computer system organization including hardware components, multiprocessing, and storage hierarchies. Key operating system structures are explained such as interrupt handling, I/O processing, and virtual memory. Different computing environments like client-server, peer-to-peer, and web-based systems are also introduced.
The document discusses operating systems and processes. It defines an operating system as software that controls hardware and manages resources. A process is a program in execution that has a unique ID and state. Processes go through various states like running, ready, blocked/waiting, and terminated. Threads are lightweight processes that can be scheduled independently and share resources within a process. User-level threads are managed in libraries while kernel-level threads are managed by the operating system kernel.
The document discusses Frederick Winslow Taylor and the principles of scientific management, including optimizing jobs to increase productivity, standardization of work processes, and cooperation between workers and managers. It provides an overview of Taylor's theories and principles, how scientific management was implemented, criticisms of the approach, and how some of its concepts are still used in modern management practices today. The presentation is made by several students who each cover different aspects of Taylor's scientific management and its applications.
The document discusses different color models including RGB, CMY, and HSV. The RGB model is an additive color model used for displays with primary colors of red, green, and blue. The CMY model is a subtractive color model used in printing with primary colors of cyan, magenta, and yellow. RGB uses light to create colors and is used for digital devices while CMY uses ink on paper. Both models have their advantages and are used in different applications depending on whether light or reflected light is used to produce colors.
The document discusses the process of compiler design, including how a compiler translates source code from a programming language into machine code by performing analysis and synthesis. It describes the main components of a compiler as the scanner, parser, semantic routines, code generator, and optimizer. Additionally, it provides definitions and examples of nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) and deterministic finite automata (DFA) which are used in lexical analysis.
The document summarizes presentations from four students in the Ethernet Group on using the bisection method to find roots of equations. Student 1 presented on the bisection method algorithm. Student 2 used bisection method to find the root of x^3 - 2x - 3 = 0 to within 0.0001. Student 3 similarly used bisection method to find the root of x^3 - x - 2 = 0 to within 0.0001. Student 4 used bisection method to find the root of x^3 - 3x - 6 = 0 to within 0.0001, showing the iterative steps and calculations.
The document outlines a proposed student result management system with the following key points:
1. The system will manage student, subject, and marks information for classes 6-10 and generate tabulation sheets. It will also maintain the institute website.
2. The background discusses similar existing systems used in education sectors.
3. Performance will be evaluated based on user interfaces, validity checks, and software attributes like security, maintainability and portability.
The system aims to simplify and speed up the result preparation and management process for educational institutes.
This document discusses routing protocols in computer networks. It defines distance vector routing and link state routing, describing how each determines the best path. Distance vector routing uses hop count as a metric and shares routing tables, while link state routing shares information about network reachability and metrics. The document provides examples of how distance vector and Dijkstra's algorithm work through updating routing tables. It outlines characteristics of routers and compares advantages and disadvantages of the two routing approaches.
The document provides information about different generations of computers. It discusses Babbage's Analytical Engine as an early predecessor to modern computers. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, expensive machines. The second generation used transistors, making computers smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits, making computers even smaller and faster. Later generations incorporated microprocessors, leading to the development of personal computers. The document also discusses some examples of specific early computers like the IAS and IBM 360.
This document discusses semiconductors and provides details about their properties and characteristics. It defines a semiconductor as a material with resistivity between that of a conductor and insulator. Some key points made in the document are:
- Semiconductors have properties like negative temperature coefficient of resistance and their conductivity can change when doped with impurities.
- Common semiconductors include silicon and germanium which form covalent bonds and have small energy gaps between valence and conduction bands.
- Semiconductors can be doped as n-type or p-type to introduce free electrons or holes that serve as majority carriers for current flow. A pn junction is formed when a p-type and n-
This document provides an introduction to the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network architecture: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. It describes each layer's responsibilities in moving data from one node or process to another. The Physical layer moves individual bits, the Data Link layer moves frames between nodes, the Network layer moves packets between hosts, the Transport layer moves segments between processes, and so on up to the Application layer which provides user-level services. An illustration is included showing how data is encapsulated and moves through each layer in an exchange between two systems.
The presentation topic is on computational models. It will be presented by Md. Touhidur Rahman. The document discusses four computational models: finite automata (DFA and NFA), context free grammar, pushdown automata, and Turing machines. Finite automata are defined using states, symbols, transitions, a start state, and accepting states. Context free grammars are defined using variables, terminals, productions, and a start symbol. Pushdown automata extend NFAs with a stack. Turing machines are formally defined but also described at a higher level for understanding.
This document contains examples of different types of tabular data presentations:
- Univariate tables use one variable to organize data into rows and columns, such as user numbers for different mobile operators.
- Bivariate tables use two variables, like the number of rich and middle class cellphone users of different brands.
- Multivariate tables use two or more variables, for example semester-wise results for students organized by department, age group, and school board performance.
Tabular presentations clearly organize data without losing information, and are useful for database design, cascading style sheets, Excel sheets, and representing data in word documents.
This document discusses production costs from the perspective of a group presenting on the topic. It defines costs and production costs, outlines the main types of costs including fixed, variable, average and marginal costs. It provides examples and formulas to calculate these different costs. The document also discusses elements that make up production costs, the relationship between different cost curves, how to estimate costs, and provides a summary of how costs and profits are considered from an economic and accounting perspective.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
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Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
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We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
5. What is Operating System
■ operating system is the set of programs that controls a computer.
■ It provide a pleasant and effective interface between the user and
the hardware
■ Makes the computer more convenient to use
Functions of Operating system
■ Process Management
■ Memory Management
■ File Management
■ Security management
■ Command Interpreter
9. USER MODE AND KERNEL MODE
User Mode :
■ A processor in a computer running Windows has two different modes: user
mode and kernel mode. The processor switches between the two modes
depending on what type of code is running on the processor. Applications run in
user mode, and core operating system components run in kernel mode. While
many drivers run in kernel mode, some drivers may run in user mode.
10. It's possible to enable display of Kernel time in Task Manager, as I
have in the above screenshot. The green line is total CPU time;
the red line is Kernel time. The gap between the two is User time.
11. What is the Kernel?
■ The kernel is the “core” of any computer system.
■ It is the “software” which allows users to share computer resources.
Types of Kernel
■ Monolithic Kernel based Operating System
■ Microkernel based Operating System
12. Diagram illustrates communication between user-mode and
kernel-mode components.
■ In addition to being private, the virtual
address space of a user-mode
application is limited. A processor
running in user mode cannot access
virtual addresses that are reserved for
the operating system.
■ All code that runs in kernel mode
shares a single virtual address space.
This means that a kernel-mode driver
is not isolated from other drivers and
the operating system itself. If a kernel-
mode driver accidentally writes to the
wrong virtual address, data that
belongs to the operating system or
another driver could be compromised.
If a kernel-mode driver crashes, the
entire operating system crashes.
13. What is Process?
Process: A process is an instance of a program running in a computer.
Multiple parts
– The program code, also called text section
– Current activity including program counter, processor registers
– Stack containing temporary data
Function parameters, return addresses, local variables
– Data section containing global variables
– Heap containing memory dynamically allocated during run time
14. State of Process
As a process executes, it changes state
– new: The process is being created
– running: Instructions are being executed
– waiting: The process is waiting for some
event to occur
– ready: The process is waiting to be
assigned to a processor
– terminated: The process has finished
execution
16. Process Scheduling
■ Maximize CPU use, quickly switch processes onto CPU for time sharing
■ Process scheduler selects among available processes for next execution on
CPU
■ Maintains scheduling queues of processes
– Job queue – set of all processes in the system
– Ready queue – set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and
waiting to execute
– Device queues – set of processes waiting for an I/O device
– Processes migrate among the various queues
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