Power quality issues arise from disturbances in the electric power supply that can negatively impact equipment. Common issues include voltage sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and spikes. Around 80% of problems originate from within industrial facilities due to large loads or improper wiring, while 20% come from external utility issues like weather events. Poor power quality can increase energy costs and cause equipment failures. Monitoring power quality helps identify disturbances and their sources to improve reliability and reduce costs. Various devices like filters, regulators, and compensators can help mitigate different power quality issues. Maintaining high power quality supports the economic operation of power systems and equipment.
This document discusses power quality monitoring. It defines power quality as the properties of the power supply delivered to users. Power quality can be affected by various steady state variations and events that cause deviations from the ideal voltage waveform. The document describes different types of power quality disturbances and how automatic classifiers are used to classify disturbances. It discusses power quality monitoring objectives and the types of commercially available power quality monitors used to identify and analyze power quality problems.
This presentation provides an overview of power quality, including definitions of power quality, common power quality disturbances like sags, swells, harmonics and interruptions. It discusses the increased sensitivity of modern electronic equipment to power quality issues. Real-time power quality monitoring systems are described that can identify issues, locate their sources, and help utilities and customers mitigate problems to reduce costs and equipment damage. The benefits of power quality monitoring include improved reliability, preventative maintenance, and identification of sensitive equipment needing protection.
Power Quality Measurement Devices & MonotoringParth Patel
Power quality measurement devices are used to monitor voltage, current, harmonics, and disturbances on electrical systems. Common devices include harmonic analyzers to measure harmonic distortion, transient analyzers to capture short-duration events, oscilloscopes for high-frequency waveforms, and data loggers for long-term steady-state monitoring. Proper instrument selection depends on factors like the number of measurement channels, voltage and current measurement capabilities, and analysis software.
The document discusses various power quality problems such as harmonic distortion, voltage sags, swells, and interruptions. It then discusses solutions for power quality problems including maintaining grid adequacy, using distributed resources like distributed generation and energy storage, and implementing enhanced interface devices. The document also describes the operation of the Merus A-series Active Filter, which can be used to compensate for harmonics and reactive power in an electrical system.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
The document discusses power quality issues caused by harmonics from non-linear loads. It provides background on the increasing use of non-linear loads and effects of harmonics. Specific sources of harmonics are outlined along with their impact on power quality including overheating, failures, and interference. Mitigation techniques are reviewed such as passive and active filtering. Active power filters are highlighted as an effective solution, with shunt active power filters discussed in detail for compensating harmonic currents and reactive power. The document concludes that active power filtering is still developing and more research is needed on techniques like controls and artificial intelligence to further improve power quality.
Power quality refers to maintaining a steady supply of electric power that operates equipment properly without damage or stress. Deviations from the normal voltage can cause issues like brief power interruptions or dimming lights. Poor power quality costs US companies billions annually and negatively impacts energy efficiency. Common power quality issues include voltage variations, frequency variations, harmonic distortions, and low power factor, all of which increase energy consumption and equipment wear.
This document discusses power system protection settings and provides information on calculating protection settings. It covers the functions of protective relays and equipment protection, the required information for setting calculations such as line parameters and fault studies, and the process of calculating, checking, and implementing protection settings. The goal is to set protections to operate dependably, securely, and selectively during faults while meeting clearance time requirements.
This document discusses power quality monitoring. It defines power quality as the properties of the power supply delivered to users. Power quality can be affected by various steady state variations and events that cause deviations from the ideal voltage waveform. The document describes different types of power quality disturbances and how automatic classifiers are used to classify disturbances. It discusses power quality monitoring objectives and the types of commercially available power quality monitors used to identify and analyze power quality problems.
This presentation provides an overview of power quality, including definitions of power quality, common power quality disturbances like sags, swells, harmonics and interruptions. It discusses the increased sensitivity of modern electronic equipment to power quality issues. Real-time power quality monitoring systems are described that can identify issues, locate their sources, and help utilities and customers mitigate problems to reduce costs and equipment damage. The benefits of power quality monitoring include improved reliability, preventative maintenance, and identification of sensitive equipment needing protection.
Power Quality Measurement Devices & MonotoringParth Patel
Power quality measurement devices are used to monitor voltage, current, harmonics, and disturbances on electrical systems. Common devices include harmonic analyzers to measure harmonic distortion, transient analyzers to capture short-duration events, oscilloscopes for high-frequency waveforms, and data loggers for long-term steady-state monitoring. Proper instrument selection depends on factors like the number of measurement channels, voltage and current measurement capabilities, and analysis software.
The document discusses various power quality problems such as harmonic distortion, voltage sags, swells, and interruptions. It then discusses solutions for power quality problems including maintaining grid adequacy, using distributed resources like distributed generation and energy storage, and implementing enhanced interface devices. The document also describes the operation of the Merus A-series Active Filter, which can be used to compensate for harmonics and reactive power in an electrical system.
Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.
The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
The document discusses power quality issues caused by harmonics from non-linear loads. It provides background on the increasing use of non-linear loads and effects of harmonics. Specific sources of harmonics are outlined along with their impact on power quality including overheating, failures, and interference. Mitigation techniques are reviewed such as passive and active filtering. Active power filters are highlighted as an effective solution, with shunt active power filters discussed in detail for compensating harmonic currents and reactive power. The document concludes that active power filtering is still developing and more research is needed on techniques like controls and artificial intelligence to further improve power quality.
Power quality refers to maintaining a steady supply of electric power that operates equipment properly without damage or stress. Deviations from the normal voltage can cause issues like brief power interruptions or dimming lights. Poor power quality costs US companies billions annually and negatively impacts energy efficiency. Common power quality issues include voltage variations, frequency variations, harmonic distortions, and low power factor, all of which increase energy consumption and equipment wear.
This document discusses power system protection settings and provides information on calculating protection settings. It covers the functions of protective relays and equipment protection, the required information for setting calculations such as line parameters and fault studies, and the process of calculating, checking, and implementing protection settings. The goal is to set protections to operate dependably, securely, and selectively during faults while meeting clearance time requirements.
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
A flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. It is meant to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability of the network. It is generally a power electronics-based system.
In conventional AC transmission system, the ability to transfer AC power is limited by several factors like thermal limits, transient stability limit, voltage limit, short circuit current limit etc. These limits define the maximum electric power which can be efficiently transmitted through the transmission line without causing any damage to the electrical equipments and the transmission lines. This is normally achieved by bringing changes in the power system layout. However this is not feasible and another way of achieving maximum power transfer capability without any changes in the power system layout. Also with the introduction of variable impedance devices like capacitors and inductors, whole of the energy or power from the source is not transferred to the load, but a part is stored in these devices as reactive power and returned back to the source. Thus the actual amount of power transferred to the load or the active power is always less than the apparent power or the net power. For ideal transmission the active power should be equal to the apparent power. In other words, the power factor (the ratio of active power to apparent power) should be unity. This is where the role of Flexible AC transmission System comes.
this is useful for peoples interested in power quality problems and their mitigation. it provides causes, effects of voltage sag and their mitigation techniques.
The document discusses substations and their components. It defines a substation as an assembly of apparatus that transforms electrical energy from one form to another, such as changing voltage levels. Substations contain step-up transformers to increase voltage for transmission and step-down transformers to decrease voltage for distribution to consumers. The document describes various types of substations and explains their functions. It also provides details about components within substations such as circuit breakers, transformers, buses, isolators and instrument transformers.
This document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags, interruptions, spikes, swells, and harmonics. It explains the causes and consequences of each issue. Solutions discussed include improving the electric grid, using distributed energy resources like generators and energy storage, following standards, installing enhanced interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive. The key is preventing power quality problems through various measures to avoid losses.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as the ability of a power system to supply voltage continuously within tolerances. It outlines various power quality events like sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and their causes and effects. It then describes various techniques to mitigate power quality issues, including dynamic voltage restorers, harmonic filters, static VAR compensators, and unified power quality conditioners. Maintaining high power quality improves system efficiency and equipment lifespan while eliminating problems like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and reactive power issues.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
seminar report on power quality monitoring khemraj298
The document discusses power quality monitoring and its importance for sustainable energy systems like solar power in India. It provides context on increased sensitivity of modern equipment to power quality issues and defines different types of steady state variations and events that impact power quality. Monitoring objectives include proactive and reactive approaches to characterize system performance and identify specific problems. The development of an intelligent power quality monitoring system using LabVIEW and sensors is described to efficiently monitor power quality in sustainable energy systems.
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
POWER QUALITY ISSUES (POWER SYSTEM AND POWER ELECTRONICS)Rohit vijay
This document discusses power quality issues, specifically voltage sags. It defines voltage sags as decreases in voltage between 10-90% of nominal voltage lasting from half a cycle to one minute. Common causes of voltage sags include motor starting, faults in the power system, and sudden increases in load. The document discusses various methods for mitigating voltage sags, including power conditioning equipment like static VAR compensators, UPS systems, and custom devices like dynamic voltage regulators and D-STATCOMs. It also describes using an auto-transformer controlled by an IGBT switch as a method for mitigating voltage sags.
This document provides an introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). It discusses why transmission interconnections are needed, including to minimize generation and fuel costs and supply electricity at minimum cost. It also explores if the full potential of interconnections can be used and describes opportunities for FACTS technology to control power flow and enhance transmission line usage. Some key limitations on transmission line loading capability like thermal, dielectric, and stability limits are also summarized.
Firing Angle Control & Constant Current ControlKaushik Naik
This document discusses firing angle control and constant current control techniques for HVDC systems. It describes two main firing angle control schemes: Individual Phase Control (IPC) and Equidistant Pulse Control (EPC). IPC determines firing pulses individually for each valve but causes harmonic instability. EPC produces pulses at equal intervals and has three methods - pulse frequency control, pulse period control, and pulse phase control. It also discusses constant current control and provides references for further reading.
To sense/detect the fault occurrence and other abnormal conditions at the protected equipment/area/section.
To operate the correct circuit breakers so as to disconnect only the faulty equipment/area/section as quickly as possible, thus minimizing the damage caused by the faults.
To operate the correct circuit breakers to isolate the faulty equipment/area/section from the healthy system in the case of abnormalities like overloads, unbalance, undervoltage, etc.
To clear the fault before the system becomes unstable.
To identify distinctly where the fault has occurred.
This document discusses power system security. It defines power system security as the probability of the system operating within acceptable ranges given potential changes or contingencies. It outlines the key steps in power system security including: (1) monitoring the current system state, (2) contingency analysis to evaluate potential risks, and (3) corrective action analysis to maintain security through preventative or automatic corrective actions.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
The document discusses various objectives and applications of static shunt compensation on transmission lines. Shunt compensation can increase steady-state transmittable power, control voltage profiles, minimize line overvoltage under light loads using shunt reactors, and maintain voltage levels under heavy loads using shunt capacitors. Midpoint shunt compensation significantly increases transmitted power and is best located at the midpoint where voltage sag is maximum. End of line shunt compensation effectively increases voltage stability limits and regulates terminal voltages to prevent voltage instability. Shunt compensation can also improve transient stability and damp power oscillations on transmission lines.
The document provides an overview of substation protection devices. It acknowledges the importance of safety in electrical power systems and discusses several key components used in substation protection schemes: current transformers, potential transformers, protection relays, circuit breakers, lightning arresters, and isolators. The summary describes how these devices work together to detect faults and isolate only the faulty section of the system, maintaining power to the healthy sections.
The electricity supply industry is undergoing a profound transformation worldwide. Market forces, scarcer natural resources, and an ever-increasing demand for electricity are some of the drivers responsible for such unprecedented change. Against this background of rapid evolution, the expansion programs of many utilities are being thwarted by a variety of well-founded, environment, land-use, and regulatory pressures that prevent the licensing and building of new transmission lines and electricity generating plants.
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
A flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) is a system composed of static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. It is meant to enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability of the network. It is generally a power electronics-based system.
In conventional AC transmission system, the ability to transfer AC power is limited by several factors like thermal limits, transient stability limit, voltage limit, short circuit current limit etc. These limits define the maximum electric power which can be efficiently transmitted through the transmission line without causing any damage to the electrical equipments and the transmission lines. This is normally achieved by bringing changes in the power system layout. However this is not feasible and another way of achieving maximum power transfer capability without any changes in the power system layout. Also with the introduction of variable impedance devices like capacitors and inductors, whole of the energy or power from the source is not transferred to the load, but a part is stored in these devices as reactive power and returned back to the source. Thus the actual amount of power transferred to the load or the active power is always less than the apparent power or the net power. For ideal transmission the active power should be equal to the apparent power. In other words, the power factor (the ratio of active power to apparent power) should be unity. This is where the role of Flexible AC transmission System comes.
this is useful for peoples interested in power quality problems and their mitigation. it provides causes, effects of voltage sag and their mitigation techniques.
The document discusses substations and their components. It defines a substation as an assembly of apparatus that transforms electrical energy from one form to another, such as changing voltage levels. Substations contain step-up transformers to increase voltage for transmission and step-down transformers to decrease voltage for distribution to consumers. The document describes various types of substations and explains their functions. It also provides details about components within substations such as circuit breakers, transformers, buses, isolators and instrument transformers.
This document discusses power quality issues such as voltage sags, interruptions, spikes, swells, and harmonics. It explains the causes and consequences of each issue. Solutions discussed include improving the electric grid, using distributed energy resources like generators and energy storage, following standards, installing enhanced interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive. The key is preventing power quality problems through various measures to avoid losses.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as the ability of a power system to supply voltage continuously within tolerances. It outlines various power quality events like sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, and their causes and effects. It then describes various techniques to mitigate power quality issues, including dynamic voltage restorers, harmonic filters, static VAR compensators, and unified power quality conditioners. Maintaining high power quality improves system efficiency and equipment lifespan while eliminating problems like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and reactive power issues.
Introduction: Definition & Reasons of Occurrence of following Voltage Dip, Brief voltage increases, Brief voltage interruption, Transients, Voltage Notches, Flickers, Distortion, Un-balance. Power Quality Indices,Limits of Harmonic Distortion according to IEEE, IEC, EN and NORSOK limits.Brief Introduction of Power quality Standards: IEC 61000-2-5,IEC 61000-2-1, IEC 1159 ( Categories of Power quality variation according to IEEE 1159 standard with their relevant Spectral content, Duration of occurrence & Magnitude)
seminar report on power quality monitoring khemraj298
The document discusses power quality monitoring and its importance for sustainable energy systems like solar power in India. It provides context on increased sensitivity of modern equipment to power quality issues and defines different types of steady state variations and events that impact power quality. Monitoring objectives include proactive and reactive approaches to characterize system performance and identify specific problems. The development of an intelligent power quality monitoring system using LabVIEW and sensors is described to efficiently monitor power quality in sustainable energy systems.
This presentation on Power Quality Improvement Techniques: A Review presented by Sahid Raja Khan student of B. Tech. Electrical Engineering of Compucom Institute of Technology and Management Jaipur. It describes the improvement technique of Power Quality at GSS and other Substations including Generating Stations.
POWER QUALITY ISSUES (POWER SYSTEM AND POWER ELECTRONICS)Rohit vijay
This document discusses power quality issues, specifically voltage sags. It defines voltage sags as decreases in voltage between 10-90% of nominal voltage lasting from half a cycle to one minute. Common causes of voltage sags include motor starting, faults in the power system, and sudden increases in load. The document discusses various methods for mitigating voltage sags, including power conditioning equipment like static VAR compensators, UPS systems, and custom devices like dynamic voltage regulators and D-STATCOMs. It also describes using an auto-transformer controlled by an IGBT switch as a method for mitigating voltage sags.
This document provides an introduction to Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). It discusses why transmission interconnections are needed, including to minimize generation and fuel costs and supply electricity at minimum cost. It also explores if the full potential of interconnections can be used and describes opportunities for FACTS technology to control power flow and enhance transmission line usage. Some key limitations on transmission line loading capability like thermal, dielectric, and stability limits are also summarized.
Firing Angle Control & Constant Current ControlKaushik Naik
This document discusses firing angle control and constant current control techniques for HVDC systems. It describes two main firing angle control schemes: Individual Phase Control (IPC) and Equidistant Pulse Control (EPC). IPC determines firing pulses individually for each valve but causes harmonic instability. EPC produces pulses at equal intervals and has three methods - pulse frequency control, pulse period control, and pulse phase control. It also discusses constant current control and provides references for further reading.
To sense/detect the fault occurrence and other abnormal conditions at the protected equipment/area/section.
To operate the correct circuit breakers so as to disconnect only the faulty equipment/area/section as quickly as possible, thus minimizing the damage caused by the faults.
To operate the correct circuit breakers to isolate the faulty equipment/area/section from the healthy system in the case of abnormalities like overloads, unbalance, undervoltage, etc.
To clear the fault before the system becomes unstable.
To identify distinctly where the fault has occurred.
This document discusses power system security. It defines power system security as the probability of the system operating within acceptable ranges given potential changes or contingencies. It outlines the key steps in power system security including: (1) monitoring the current system state, (2) contingency analysis to evaluate potential risks, and (3) corrective action analysis to maintain security through preventative or automatic corrective actions.
Protection against overvoltage
overvoltage
causes of overvoltage
lightning
types of lightning strokes
harmful effect of lightning
protection against lightning
The document discusses various objectives and applications of static shunt compensation on transmission lines. Shunt compensation can increase steady-state transmittable power, control voltage profiles, minimize line overvoltage under light loads using shunt reactors, and maintain voltage levels under heavy loads using shunt capacitors. Midpoint shunt compensation significantly increases transmitted power and is best located at the midpoint where voltage sag is maximum. End of line shunt compensation effectively increases voltage stability limits and regulates terminal voltages to prevent voltage instability. Shunt compensation can also improve transient stability and damp power oscillations on transmission lines.
The document provides an overview of substation protection devices. It acknowledges the importance of safety in electrical power systems and discusses several key components used in substation protection schemes: current transformers, potential transformers, protection relays, circuit breakers, lightning arresters, and isolators. The summary describes how these devices work together to detect faults and isolate only the faulty section of the system, maintaining power to the healthy sections.
The electricity supply industry is undergoing a profound transformation worldwide. Market forces, scarcer natural resources, and an ever-increasing demand for electricity are some of the drivers responsible for such unprecedented change. Against this background of rapid evolution, the expansion programs of many utilities are being thwarted by a variety of well-founded, environment, land-use, and regulatory pressures that prevent the licensing and building of new transmission lines and electricity generating plants.
POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS- POWER SYSTEMAnandYadav207
It's an Electrical core topic on which you can deliver your presentation with respect to your industrial certification program.
you can use Course era online courses platform as like me for this type of certification. it's really beneficial for you guys
Thanks//.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Design Development and Testing of an Overvoltage and Undervoltage Protection ...Kunal Maity
This voltage protection circuit is designed to develop a low-voltage and high-voltage tripping mechanism to protect a load from any damage. The electronic devices get easily damaged due to fluctuation in AC means supply take place frequently.
A Review of power quality problems, standards and solutionsIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of power quality problems, related standards, and solutions. It discusses the various types of power quality issues utilities and customers may face, such as voltage fluctuations, sags, swells, interruptions, harmonics, unbalance, surges, spikes, frequency variations, brownouts, and blackouts. It also outlines several relevant international standards for power quality from organizations like IEEE and IEC. These standards establish limits and guidelines for issues like harmonics, grounding, reliability, and power quality monitoring. Finally, the document lists some potential solutions to power quality problems, such as surge suppressors, voltage regulators, power conditioners, and uninterruptible power supplies.
1 power quality-issues-problems-standards-their-effects-in-industry-with-corr...abuaadil2510
This document summarizes power quality issues, standards, and corrective methods. It discusses common power quality problems like harmonics, voltage sags, and interruptions. International standards for current and voltage harmonics like IEEE 519 and IEC 61000 set limits to protect equipment and utility systems. Effects of power quality issues vary by equipment but can cause failures. Correction methods aim to make power sources meet standards and reduce problems at all levels of power delivery systems through redundancy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) The document discusses various power quality problems faced in power systems such as voltage sags, interruptions, flicker, surges, spikes, and harmonics.
2) It describes different types of active power filters that can be used to solve power quality issues, including shunt active filters that inject compensating current, and series active filters that inject compensating voltage.
3) The unified power quality conditioner is introduced, which uses both series and shunt active filters to improve both voltage and current quality by controlling series injected voltage and shunt injected current.
Power quality is important for reliable operations and avoiding downtime. It refers to maintaining steady voltage and frequency levels. Poor power quality can cause equipment damage and failure through issues like harmonics, sags, swells, transients, unbalance, and flicker. Power quality monitoring involves continuous measurement and analysis to diagnose problems, improve reliability, and optimize maintenance. Janitza offers complete solutions for power quality monitoring and energy management that help facilities meet standards, protect assets, and reduce costs.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Power Quality Issues and Monitoring TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on power quality issues and monitoring techniques. It discusses various power quality issues like voltage sag, interruptions, harmonics, and monitoring methods including portable monitors, permanent monitors, and real-time monitoring systems. Power quality monitoring is important to identify issues, maintain reliability, and prevent equipment damage. Different analysis techniques are used to classify disturbances and identify their causes in order to select appropriate mitigation methods.
This document discusses power quality and defines it as any deviation from the normal sinusoidal voltage or current waveform. It covers various power quality issues like voltage sags, swells, fluctuations, harmonics, interruptions and more. It explains the causes and impacts of different power quality problems. The document also discusses classification of issues, measurement and evaluation of power quality as well as relevant standards from organizations like IEEE.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on power quality. It defines power quality and discusses various power quality events such as sags, swells, interruptions, spikes, flickering, noise, and voltage unbalance. It describes the sources and causes of these power quality problems, their effects, and mitigation techniques. The scope of power quality in maintaining economic system operation is also covered. The document concludes that proper mitigation devices can help maintain the desired level of power quality and lists references used.
Power quality-disturbances and monitoring SeminarSurabhi Vasudev
The document provides an overview of power quality monitoring and automatic power quality disturbance classification. It defines power quality and discusses increased interest in power quality. It describes various power quality disturbances like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, sags, and swells. It then discusses automatic power quality disturbance classifiers which use techniques like segmentation, feature extraction, and classification to identify different disturbance types. Neural networks and expert systems are presented as methods for automatic classification. The document emphasizes the importance of power quality monitoring and classification systems.
This document discusses power quality and power quality disturbances. It defines power quality as the set of parameters defining the properties of power supply in normal operating conditions. Common power quality disturbances include steady-state variations like voltage fluctuations, harmonics, and high frequency noise as well as events like interruptions, sags, swells, and transients. Solutions to power quality problems include distributed generation, energy storage systems, codes and standards, interface devices, and making equipment less sensitive.
This document discusses power quality issues related to wind power integration. It begins with an abstract noting how increasing electricity demand is leading to more renewable energy sources like wind power, but wind farm integration can negatively impact the grid's power quality. The document then covers international power quality standards, defines power quality issues, and lists various causes of power quality problems like power imbalances, voltage variations, harmonics, and flickers that can result from wind power integration. Finally, it discusses challenges wind power poses to grid stability and provides mitigation strategies like improved energy storage, forecasting, and grid reinforcement.
This document discusses power quality issues related to wind power integration. It begins with an abstract noting how increasing electricity demand is leading to more renewable energy sources like wind power, but wind integration can negatively impact the grid's power quality. The document then covers international power quality standards, defines power quality, and lists various power quality issues caused by wind power like power imbalances, voltage variations, harmonics, and flickers. Challenges of wind power integration to power system stability are also discussed. Finally, the document presents some mitigation strategies for integrating wind energy conversion systems onto the grid.
This document discusses power quality issues and solutions. It describes several common power quality problems including voltage sags, micro-interruptions, long interruptions, voltage spikes, voltage swells, and harmonic distortion. It then discusses various solutions such as improving the transmission and distribution grid, using distributed generation and energy storage systems, following codes and standards, and installing enhanced interface devices or making equipment less sensitive. The overall message is that both utilities and customers must work to ensure a high quality of electric power.
Online train ticket booking system project.pdfKamal Acharya
Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we
see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance
travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other
means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance
of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this
system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the
tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.
Covid Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
CoVID-19 sprang up in Wuhan China in November 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the in January 2020 World Health Organization (WHO). Like the Spanish flu of 1918 that claimed millions of lives, the COVID-19 has caused the demise of thousands with China, Italy, Spain, USA and India having the highest statistics on infection and mortality rates. Regardless of existing sophisticated technologies and medical science, the spread has continued to surge high. With this COVID-19 Management System, organizations can respond virtually to the COVID-19 pandemic and protect, educate and care for citizens in the community in a quick and effective manner. This comprehensive solution not only helps in containing the virus but also proactively empowers both citizens and care providers to minimize the spread of the virus through targeted strategies and education.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
This is an overview of my current metallic design and engineering knowledge base built up over my professional career and two MSc degrees : - MSc in Advanced Manufacturing Technology University of Portsmouth graduated 1st May 1998, and MSc in Aircraft Engineering Cranfield University graduated 8th June 2007.
3. DEFINITION
• The IEEE defines POWER QUALITY as the ability of a system or an equipment to function
satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable
electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
Power quality is often defined as the electrical network's or the grid's ability to
supply a clean and stable power supply.
In other words, power quality ideally creates a perfect power supply that is always
available, has a pure noise-free sinusoidal wave shape, and is always within voltage
and frequency tolerances.
Power Quality mainly deals with
Continuity of the supply.
Quality” of the voltage.
5. Why is Power Quality Important?
Low power quality contributes to high energy cost and rising
energy and production disturbances.
Voltage sag and swell can cause sensitive equipment to fail,
shutdown and create a large current unbalance.
Reliability: Uninterrupted power supply to the service sectors.
The performance of electronic devices (semiconductor devices)
is directly linked to the power quality level.
Hence, power quality provides a good platform to deal with all
these problems.
7. 7
CAUSES OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS
A. Internal causes :
i. About 80% of Power Quality problems originate within a industrial facility.
ii. Due to large equipment start or shut down, improper wiring and
grounding, overloaded circuits or harmonics.
B. External causes :
i. About 20% of Power Quality problems originate within the utility
transmission and distribution system.
ii. Due to lightning strikes, equipment failure, weather conditions etc.
8. 1. Voltage sag (or dip)
Description: A decrease of the normal voltage level between 10 and 90% of the nominal
rms voltage at the power frequency, for durations of 0,5 cycle to 1 minute.
Causes: Faults on the transmission or distribution. Faults in consumer’s installation.
Connection of heavy loads and start-up of large motors.
Consequences: Malfunction of microprocessor-based control systems. Tripping of
contactors and electromechanical relays. Disconnection of electric rotating machines.
2. Very short interruptions Description: Total interruption of electrical supply for duration from few milliseconds to
one or two seconds.
Causes: Mainly due to the opening and automatic recloser of relays. The main fault
causes are insulation failure, lightning and insulator flashover.
Consequences: Tripping of protection devices.
3. Long interruptions Description: Total interruption of electrical supply for duration greater than 1 to 2 seconds
Causes: Equipment failure in the power system network, storms, fire, human error, failure of
protection devices.
Consequences: Stoppage of all equipment.
POWER QUALITY DISTURBANCES
9. 4. Voltage spike Description: Very fast variation of the voltage value for durations from a several microseconds to
few milliseconds. These variations may reach thousands of volts, even in low voltage.
Causes: Lightning, switching of lines or power factor correction capacitors, disconnection of
heavy loads.
Consequences: Destruction of components (particularly electronic components) and of
insulation materials, electromagnetic interference.
5. Voltage swell Description: Momentary increase of the voltage, at the power frequency, outside the normal
tolerances, with duration of more than one cycle and typically less than a few seconds.
Causes: Start/stop of heavy loads, badly dimensioned power sources, badly regulated
transformers (mainly during off-peak hours).
Consequences: Data loss, flickering of lighting and screens, stoppage or damage of sensitive
equipment, if the voltage values are too high.
6. Harmonic distortion
Description: Voltage or current waveforms having frequencies that are multiples of power-
system frequency.
Causes: All non-linear loads, such as power electronics equipment, SMPS, data processing
equipment.
Consequences: Increased probability in occurrence of resonance, overload in 3-phase
systems, overheating of all cables and equipment, electromagnetic interference with
communication systems.
11. 11
BROWNOUTS
A brownout is a steady lower voltage state causes glitches, data loss and equipment failure.
An example of a brownout is what happens during peak electrical demand in the summer, when
utilities can’t always meet the requirements and must lower the voltage to limit maximum
power.
Possible Solutions are using Voltage Regulators, Uninterruptable Power Supplies, and Power
Conditioners.
BLACKOUTS
A power failure or blackout is a zero-voltage condition that lasts for more than two cycles. It
may be caused by tripping a circuit breaker, power distribution failure or utility power failure. A
blackout can cause data loss or corruption and equipment damage.
14. POWER QUALITY MONITORING
It is a multi-level approach to identifying, analyzing and correcting power quality
problems.
Helps to identify the cause of power system disturbances.
Helps to identify problem conditions before they actually cause interruptions or
disturbances.
Objectives for power quality monitoring are generally classified into:
1. Proactive approach
Intended to study the system performance.
Helps to understand and thus match the system performance with customer needs.
2. Reactive approach
Intended to study a specific problem.
Performs short term monitoring at different loads.
16. BENEFITS OF POWER QUALITY
MONITORING
16
1. Ensures power system reliability.
2. Identify the source of disturbance.
3. Helps in the preventive and predictive maintenance.
4. Evaluation of incoming electrical supply and distribution to determine if power
quality disturbances are impacting.
5. Reduction of energy costs and avoid hazards.
6. Allows to identify the most sensitive equipment and install power conditioning
systems wherever necessary.
17. Methods to solve PQ issues
TRANSIENTVOLTAGE SUPPRESSOR – For Overvoltage
A TVS consists of an array of devices that are designed to react to
sudden or momentary overvoltage conditions. It consists of a
metal oxide varistor or a Zener diode) that limits excessive line
voltage and conduct any excess impulse energy to ground
FILTERS- For Noise and harmonics
Noise filters are used to avoid unwanted frequency current or
voltage signals (noise) from reaching sensitive equipment.
Harmonic filters are used to reduce undesirable harmonics.
Voltage Regulator – For consistent voltage supply
It maintains a nearly constant output voltage during large
variations in input voltage.
18. DynamicVoltage Restorer- ForVoltage sag
A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) acts like a voltage source
connected in series with the load. It injects additional energy to
the circuit whenever necessary.
StaticVAR compensator- For power factor correction
Static VAR compensators (SVC) use a combination of capacitors
and reactors to regulate the voltage quickly.
IsolationTransformers – For sensitive loads
Isolation transformers are used to isolate sensitive loads from
transients and noise deriving from the mains.
19. CONCLUSION
1. The mitigation of all the power quality related issues leads to the economic operation of
the power system.
2. A technically sound quality of power will be supplied to all the equipment, thereby
leading to their smooth operation and ensuring a long life for them.
3. The elimination of harmonics and other issues leads to the proper operation of the
system, thereby eliminating the unwanted vibrations and keeping the system stable.
4. The reactive power is balanced at an acceptable and affordable cost and thus, the
system efficiency improves.
5. The power factor is improved; this leads to a heavy savage in the costs of electricity bills.
6. Above all, the problem of power pollution is eliminated.
20. OUTCOMES
OUTCOME ‘F’
F1. IEEE CODE OF CONDUCT
F2. IEEE CODE OF ETHICS
OUTCOME ‘H’
H1. Awareness of global effect of product : There is a global need for power quality
improvement with the increase in population & power demand.
H2. Understanding of economic factor: If power quality is not checked and the standards
are not maintained properly, then it can lead to great economic loss for power
generating companies.
H3. Understanding of environmental effects : PQ maintaining equipment are eco-
friendly.
21. OUTCOME ‘I’
I1: Gather relevant technical and scientific information
I2: Ability to identify retrieving and organization info
I3: To engage in lifelong learning: NEED FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
OUTCOME ‘J’
J1-Describes contemporary issues in modern global contexts
J2- Distinguishes contemporary issues in modern global contexts
J3- Evaluates contemporary issues in modern global contexts by representing a contemporary
technical case study
OUTCOMES
22. REFERENCES
I. Math H.J. Bollen, Understanding power quality problems: voltage sags and interruptions, IEEE Press,
New Delhi.
II. Domijan, A. Heydt, G.T., Meliopoulos, A.P.S., Venkata, S.S., West, S., “Directions of research on electric
power quality,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 8, pp. 429-436, 1993.
III. Anurag Agarwal, Sanjiv Kumar, Sajid Ali, “A Research Review of Power Quality Problems in Electrical
Power System”. MIT International Journal of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 2(2), pp.
88-93, 2012.
IV. Power Quality Problems and New Solutions by A. de Almeida, L. Moreira. J. Delgado.
V. ALEXANDER KUSKO and MARC.C.THOMPSON.(2007).Power Quality in Electrical Systems. New York :
McGraw-Hill.
VI. IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems,
ANSVIEEE Standard 519, 2008
雅虎竞拍
煤炉代买
paypay商城
乐天二手
日本亚马逊
乐天新品
ZOZOTOWN
