Performance Analysis Of Retrofitted Beam Column Joint By Using FEM

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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Performance Analysis Of Retrofitted Beam Column Joint By Using FEM
Mr. Akash S Patwari1, Dr. Prashant M Pawar 2
1
P.G. Student, Dept. Of civil Engineering, SVERI’s College of Engineering Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India
2
Professor & Head, Dept. Of civil Engineering, SVERI’s College of Engineering Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract -A Beam, Column and Joint is selected fromthe
structure, and to be modeled in FEA software. With the help of
finite element analysis, the model of Beam Column Joint is
properly modeledbyassigningpropertiesandafterthatproper
meshing is done on the model. Further, by applying proper
loading the Beam-Column Joint is analyzed. Finally, by
Analyzing the model results like Stress, Strain distributionalso
the total Deformation the strength is calculated and which is
within the limit and structure performance is analyzed well.
Retrofitting of currently usedbuildings has come into question
with the determination of buildings’ performance levels due to
earthquake force effect. In this sense, lots of retrofitting
techniques have been applied for the retrofitting of current
buildings beam column joint In recentyears,Forstrengthening
and rehabilitation of existing structures Fiber Reinforced
Polymer (FRP) composites have their advantage over
traditional materials. The advantages such as corrosion
resistance, light weight, high-strengthtoweightratio,andhigh
efficiency in construction encourage civil engineers to use this
material
Key Words: Shear, Torsion, Buckling, Beam Column
Joint, shear strength, Strain ,Reinforced Concrete
Structure, CFRP and ANSYS.
1. INTRODUCTION
The maintenance, rehabilitation and upgradingofstructural
members, are perhaps one of the most crucial problems in
civil engineering applications. Moreover, a large number of
structural components such as beams, columns and beam
column joint constructed in the past using the older design
codes in different parts of the world. Beams, columns and
Beam-column joint deformations and strength affect the
overall performance and loadcarryingcapacityofreinforced
concrete structures making them susceptible to progressive
collapse due to failure of one or more beam-column joints
under gravity and earthquake loadings. Therefore,
retrofitting of beams, columns and beam column joints is
needed to maintain structural safety and reliability.
Retrofitting of currently used buildings has come into
question with the determination of buildings’ performance
levels due to earthquake force effect. In this sense, lots of
retrofitting techniques have been applied fortheretrofitting
of current buildings. Columns, beams, joints In recent years,
For strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites have their
advantage over traditional materials.Theadvantagessuchas
corrosion resistance, light weight, high-strength to weight
ratio, and high efficiency in construction encourage civil
engineers to use this material. Effective lateral confinement
is provided by FRP jackets to the concrete beams, columns
and joints that can improve their compressive strength,
flexure strength and ultimate axial strain. Retrofitting with
FRP materials provides successful solutions for
strengthening, repairing, adding ductility, rapid execution,
long-term durability, and consequently lowerlifecyclecosts.
Ilki, Demir and Comert [1] Studied on the retrofit of RC
joints with FRP composites. This paper explains about
typical failure modes of RC beam-column joints. The most
common FRP retrofitting schemes and contribution of the
FRP retrofitting to behaviour of exterior beam column joint
is examined. For the study large scale structural tests on
retrofitting beam column joints built with low strength
concrete and plain bars by FRP sheets is done. It is found
that FRPs can contribute significantly to the performance of
RC joints against various deficiencies. The need forstandard
code of practise in the field of FRP retrofitting is pointed out
from this study
Subramani, Krishnan, Saravanan, and Thomas [2]
Studied The Finite element method (FEM) has become a
staple for predicting and simulating the physical behavior of
complex engineering systems. The details of the finite
element analysis of beam column joints retrofitted with
carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheet (CFRP)carried out
using the package FEA are presented in this paper
Ali and Gayathri [3] Studied investigated on the behaviour
of RC beam column joint retrofittedwithvariousthicknesses
of CFRP and GFRP Sheets. Beam column joint of a G+3 story
building is considered. CFRP and GFRP sheets of varying
thickness are considered. Analytical study for the model is
done using FEA software and the results are discussed.
Result shows that retrofitting using CFRP will give 50%
more strength (Von-Mises stress) as compared to GFRP.
Vijaya, Shivakumaraswamy, Ravikiran [4] Studied
Retrofitting of existing structures using Fiber reinforced
polymer (FRP) technique. Different types of FRPsheetssuch
as (CFRP) Carbon Fiber Reinforced polymer, (GFRP) Glass
Fiber Reinforced Polymer, (AFRP) Aramid Fiber Reinforced
Polymer sheets to strengthen the beam-column joint

1.1 CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer, carbon fiber-
reinforced plastic or carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic
(CFRP, CRP, CFRTP) or often simply carbon fiber, or even
carbon), is an extremely strong and light fiber reinforced
polymer which contain carbon fiber.
The reinforcement will give the CFRP its strength
and rigidity; measured by stress and elastic modulus
respectively. Unlike isotropic materials like steel and
aluminium, CFRP has directional strength properties. The
properties of CFRP dependson thelayoutsofthecarbonfiber
and the proposition of the carbon fibers relative to the
polymer
Despite its high initial strength to weight ratio,a
degree limitation of CFRP is its lack of a definable endurance
limit. This means theoreticallythatstresscyclefailurecannot
be ruled out. While steel and many other structural metals
and alloys do have estimate fatigue endurance limits, the
complex failure modes of composites mean that the fatigue
failureproperties of CFRP forcritical cyclicloadapplications,
engineers may need to design in considerablestrengthsafety
margins toprovide suitable component reliabilityoveritslife
service.
ADVANTAGE FOR CFRP
• High tensile strength
• High strength to weight ratio
• Low weight to volume ratio
• Excellent fatigue behavior
• Quick application
CFRP composite was able to strengthen the shear
capacity as well as the ductility of beam column joint.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
 In order to increase the strength and stiffness
of beam column joint by using carbon fibre
reinforced polymer.
 In order to reduce the failure on beam column
joint like Cracking, under seismic load
 The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer
into joint will enhance the strength and
stiffness
3.0FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING
3.1 Element Types
The finite-elementanalysisofbareandstrengthened
beam-column joints first require modeling of the joints with
the dimensions and properties corresponding to beam-
column joints tested in the experiment. In this section,
modeling, including meshing, details of beam-column joints,
is presented. The finite-element program ANSYSWorkbench
Version 12 is used for this purpose. The element details of
each material are presented subsequently.
Concrete: To model the concrete an eight-node solid
element, Solid65, is used. This solid element has eight nodes
with three degrees of freedom at each nodewithtranslations
in the nodal x, y, and z directions. Plastic deformation,
cracking in three orthogonal directions and crushing
capability can be utilized by the element.
Reinforcing Steel: Discrete modeling is used for
reinforcement steel by defining the element between the
nodes in the performed meshes. The steel for the finite-
element model was assumedtobeanelastic–perfectlyplastic
material with identical properties in tension and
compression.
Link8 element is used to model the steel reinforcement.
Two nodes are required forthiselement.Eachnodehasthree
degrees of freedom, which are translations in the nodal x, y,
and z directions. Depending upon the applications, the
element may be saw as truss element, a cable element, a
reinforcing bar and a bolt. The three-dimensional spar
element is having two nodes and each node having three
translational degrees of freedom.
SOLID 45 is a 3-dimensional element is used to model
isotropic solid problems. It has eight nodes, with each node
having three translational degrees of freedom in the nodal X,
Y & Z directions. This element may use to analyze high
deflection, high strain, plasticity and creep problems. It has
no real constants
4. METHODOLOGY , ANALYSIS AND RESULT
ANSYS is a finite element analysis tool for structural
analysisand explicitstudies.ANSYSoffersaneasyandflexible
platform forperforminganalysisofstructuresormodels with
great accuracy. ANSYS consists of two working platforms
called APDL and workbench among which workbench
providesmoreautomatedoptionsfortheanalysisoperations.
This is usually done using numerical approximation in
structural analysis is the Finite Element Method
This chapter deals with the parametric study. The
parametric study is analyzed by using software’s like ANSYS
16 The parametric study focuses on the analysis of the
structure and after which analysis of exterior Beam Column
joint carried out using FEM software, this study has carried
out for concluding the importance of Beam Column joint
strength and its behavior on the structure.

Table -1: Different material properties used in Ansys
Material s Concrete Steel
Density (kg/ m3) 2300 7850
Elastic Modulus (Mpa) 25000 200000
Poisson’s ratio 0.15 0.30
Fck (Mpa) 25 -
Fy (Mpa) - Fe 500
Element used SOLID 65 LINK 8
Table -2: Reinforcement Schedule For BCJ
Table -3: Properties of CFRP Sheets
FRP SHEETS CFRP
MODULUSOF ELASTICITY (E) 23000 Mpa
POISSONS RATIO 0.22
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH 3500 Mpa
SHEAR MODULUS (G) 3270 Mpa
Table -4 : Details of retrofitted on model used in Ansys
FRP SHEETS CFRP
MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (E) 23000 Mpa
POISSONS RATIO 0.22
Thickness Of CFRP Sheets 1.12 mm
No of Layer Wrapped 02
4.1 Procedure and boundary condition
 A BCJ is modeled by using ANSYS
 BCJ having M25 grade of concrete used
 After selection of the BCJ the geometric model
(concrete and steel) is Prepared by taking proper
dimensions and assigning properties to the model
After that retrofitting
 The above model is retrofitted by CFRP in Ansys
meshing is done in Ansys
 applying the boundary condition for column
(both ends are fixed fixed).
 The boundarycondition forbeam (one end arefixed
other is free).
 Apply the load center of the edge of the beam and
analysis is carried out
 Above figure shows the geometry of the BCJ model
prepared for the analysis.
 Following figure shows The Geometry of selected
retrofitted BCJ model
Firstly the geometry of Beam Column Joint is modeled in
ANSYS v16 software.
Figure No 4.1 : The Geometry of selected retrofittedBCJ
model
Reinforcement :
Following fig 4.2 shows Reinforcement details of Retrofitted
BCJ
TYPE OF
MODEL
Column Beam
Retrofitted CFRP CFRP
CS SIZE
(mm)
400 X 400 230 X 450
Length of
model (mm)
3000 2400
Longitudinal
Steel
4 Nos T16
mm
4 Nos T16
mm
Lateral Ties 8mm @
300mm c/c
8mm @
300mm c/c

Figure No. 4.2 : Reinforcement details of Retrofitted
BCJ
Meshing:
After the model in ANSYS v16 and after giving proper
properties the model is run for the Meshing.Followingfig.4.3
shows the Meshed model of Beam-ColumnJoint
Figure No 4.3 : Meshing of BCJ model
The loading applied on BCJ model the static remote load
for the analysis of the BCJ as following table
Table No 5 : Remote force of BCJ
.
After that detail analysis of retrofitted BCJ like total
deformation ,maximum principal elastic strain ,shear stress
,normal stress, shear elastic strain , equivalent elastic strain,
shown in below.
The Total Deformation obtained is tabulated in the
Table.6 with the values and according to fig.4.4 the Joint
shows safer values.
Fig. No. 4.4 : Total Deformation of BCJ Solution Total
Deformation
Table -6: Total Deformation
Time [s] Minimum [m] Maximum [m]
1. 0. 4.4443e-002
The Normal Elastic Strain obtained is tabulated in the
Table.7 with the values and according to fig.4.5 the Joint
shows safer values.
Fig. No. 4.5 : Normal Elastic Strain of BCJ Solution
Normal Elastic Strain
Nos Loading (Y) (downward) in N
1 200000
2 300000
3 400000
4 500000
5 600000

Table -7: Normal Elastic Strain
Time [s] Minimum
[m/m]
Maximum
[m/m]
1. -1.1244e-003 1.1244e-003
The Normal stress obtained is tabulated in the Table.7 with
the values and according to fig.4.6 the Joint shows safer
values.
Fig. No. 4.6 : Normal Stress of BCJ Solution normal
Stress
Table -7: Normal stress
Time [s] Minimum [Pa] Maximum [Pa]
1. -5.2689e+007 5.2694e+007
The von Mises Stress obtained is tabulated in the Table.8
with the values andaccordingtofig.4.7theJointshowssafer
values.
Fig. No. 4.7 : von Mises Stress of BCJ Solution von Mises
Stress
Table -8: Equivalent (von Mises )Stress
Time [s] Minimum [Pa] Maximum [Pa]
1. 60150 3.3821e+008
The Shear Elastic Strain obtained is tabulated in the Table.9
with the values and according to fig.4.78the Joint shows
safer values
Fig. No. 4.8 : Shear Elastic Strain of BCJ Solution Shear
Elastic Strain
Table -9: Shear Elastic Strain
Time [s] Minimum [m/m] Maximum [m/m]
1. -1.8424e-003 2.286e-003
4.2 Load vs Deformation of Retrofitted BCJ
The following tableshowsappliedremoteloadsvsRespective
minimum and maximum deformationof Retrofitted Beam
column joint
Time
[s]
Remote
loads [N]
Minimum
[m]
Maximum [m]
1. 20000
0.
1.4814e-002
2. 30000 2.2221e-002
3. 40000 2.9629e-002
4. 50000 3.7036e-002
5. 60000 4.4443e-002

Fig No. 4.9 : Load vs Deformation for Retrofitted BCJ
5 Conclusion
 As we see that the fig 4.9 shows the Load vs
Deformation for Retrofitted BCJ as we seen that the
load increases the deformation increases. the
minimum deformation for 60KN loading is 0 and
maximum deformationforloading60KN is0.044443
m which is safe and with in limit
 the analysis of the reinforced concrete structure by
estimating forces and based on these forces the
design is to be carried out, After that study focused
on the use of Finite Element Analysis to observe
behavior of External Beam Column Joint. Further it
was aimed toperformdetailanalysisofBeamColumn
Joint in FEA Software to analyze the stress, strain
distribution pattern. By study of Finite Element
Analysis, it is observed that computer simulation
offers proper potential to understandthebehaviorof
beam column joint under various loading. Detailed
analysis is performed for Beam Column Joint for
stabilityofjointunderconsideration, andaccordingto
fig 4.4 it shows that maximum deformation of BCJ
0.044443mwhichsafeandwithinlimitandfig4.6and4.7
showsthemaximumNormalstressandvonMisesstresses
is5.2694e+007 Pa and 3.3821e+008 Pa respectively
and Normal & Shear elastic Strain of BCJ is 1.1244e-
003 and 2.286e-003 under 60 kN loading the values
within limit and joint is safe
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (Optional)
This work is supported by all experienced staff and Civil
Engineering Department of College of Engineering
Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India, for providing us valuable
guidance and ANSYS 16.0 and Family and friends
REFERENCES
[1] N. Ganesan., P.V. Indira., and Ruby Abraham., Steel
fibre reinforced high performance concrete Beam-
column joints subjected to cyclic loading.ISETJournal of
Earthquake Technology., Vol. 44, No. 3-4, Sept.-Dec.
2007, pp. 445–456.
[2] A. Ilki, C. Demir and M. Comert (2013) “Retrofit of RC
joints with FRP composites”, Istanbul Technical
University, Turkey, https:// www. researchgate. Net /
publication / 259364431
[3] Vijaya,s., b.Shivakumaraswamy, and k. V. Ravikiran.
“Numerical modeling onbehaviorofreinforcedconcrete
exterior beam- column joint retrofitte with externally
bonded fiber reinforced polymer (frp)”. International
journal of research in engineering and technology 3
(2014).
[4] Vijaya,s., b.Shivakumaraswamy, and k. V. Ravikiran.
“Numerical modeling onbehaviorofreinforcedconcrete
exterior beam- column joint retrofitte with externally
bonded fiber reinforced polymer (frp)”. International
journal of research in engineering and technology 3
(2014).
[5] Mrs. S. M. Kulkarni, Dr. Y.D. Patil A State-of-art
Review On Reinforced Concrete Beam-column Joints.
Journal Of Information,Knowledge And Research In,
ISSN: 0975 – 6744., Vol.2, Nov11- oct12, pp.94-98
[6] IS 456-2000, “Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced
Concrete-Code of Practise” , Bureau of Indian
Standards ,New Delhi

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