The document provides an overview of the Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) in India. It discusses the layout of NAPS including buildings like the reactor building and turbine building. It explains the working of a nuclear power plant where nuclear fission in the reactor core generates heat to produce steam that drives the turbine. It also describes key systems like the calandria, heavy water moderator, shutdown systems, cooling water system, and feed water system that are involved in the nuclear fission process and generation of electricity.
This document discusses nuclear power, including nuclear fission, fusion, and chain reactions. It describes the schematic diagram of a nuclear power station, including the reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbine, feed pump, condenser, and cooling tower. It lists the types of nuclear reactors and discusses the advantages of low carbon emissions but the disadvantages of radioactive waste, limited uranium resources, and safety/terrorism risks.
This document provides an overview of nuclear power plants. It discusses nuclear fuel, the nuclear fission process, nuclear chain reactions, and the main components of a nuclear power plant such as the reactor, coolant, moderator, control rods, steam generators and turbines. It also describes the most common types of nuclear reactors - boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, fast breeder reactors and sodium-cooled reactors. The document then gives a brief history of nuclear power and discusses current nuclear power programs and reactors around the world. It concludes with sections on the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power.
Generation of Electrical Power - Power Plants and Transmission Systems.maneesh001
Basics of generation of electricity by thermal, hydro, nuclear and renewable sources are provided in this document.
Students of APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) may find this helpful for their fouth module preparations.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission. In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), heat from nuclear fission is used to heat water and produce steam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The steam does not come into contact with radioactive materials. Nuclear power plants produce far more energy from uranium fuel than fossil fuel plants and produce no greenhouse gases, but nuclear waste requires careful storage and disposal.
training report on Mejia Thermal Power Stationsagnikchoudhury
Mejia Thermal Power Station is located at Durlovpur, Bankura, 35 km from Durgapur city in West Bengal. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of DVC
This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including hydro, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. It describes how each source harnesses natural resources to generate energy. For each type, it discusses their history of use, how electricity is generated, and examples of applications. The document aims to educate about renewable energy sources and their importance as clean alternatives to fossil fuels.
This document summarizes a solar power tower system. It focuses on concentrating sunlight from an array of sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) onto a central tower-mounted receiver. The receiver heats a molten salt heat transfer fluid that is then used to generate steam to power a turbine and produce electricity. Thermal energy can also be stored in the molten salt for hours to allow electricity production when solar radiation is unavailable. Examples of commercial solar power tower plants currently in operation are provided.
This document discusses nuclear power, including nuclear fission, fusion, and chain reactions. It describes the schematic diagram of a nuclear power station, including the reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbine, feed pump, condenser, and cooling tower. It lists the types of nuclear reactors and discusses the advantages of low carbon emissions but the disadvantages of radioactive waste, limited uranium resources, and safety/terrorism risks.
This document provides an overview of nuclear power plants. It discusses nuclear fuel, the nuclear fission process, nuclear chain reactions, and the main components of a nuclear power plant such as the reactor, coolant, moderator, control rods, steam generators and turbines. It also describes the most common types of nuclear reactors - boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, fast breeder reactors and sodium-cooled reactors. The document then gives a brief history of nuclear power and discusses current nuclear power programs and reactors around the world. It concludes with sections on the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power.
Generation of Electrical Power - Power Plants and Transmission Systems.maneesh001
Basics of generation of electricity by thermal, hydro, nuclear and renewable sources are provided in this document.
Students of APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU) may find this helpful for their fouth module preparations.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through nuclear fission. In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), heat from nuclear fission is used to heat water and produce steam to turn turbines and generate electricity. The steam does not come into contact with radioactive materials. Nuclear power plants produce far more energy from uranium fuel than fossil fuel plants and produce no greenhouse gases, but nuclear waste requires careful storage and disposal.
training report on Mejia Thermal Power Stationsagnikchoudhury
Mejia Thermal Power Station is located at Durlovpur, Bankura, 35 km from Durgapur city in West Bengal. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of DVC
This document provides an overview of various renewable energy sources including hydro, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. It describes how each source harnesses natural resources to generate energy. For each type, it discusses their history of use, how electricity is generated, and examples of applications. The document aims to educate about renewable energy sources and their importance as clean alternatives to fossil fuels.
This document summarizes a solar power tower system. It focuses on concentrating sunlight from an array of sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) onto a central tower-mounted receiver. The receiver heats a molten salt heat transfer fluid that is then used to generate steam to power a turbine and produce electricity. Thermal energy can also be stored in the molten salt for hours to allow electricity production when solar radiation is unavailable. Examples of commercial solar power tower plants currently in operation are provided.
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. It notes that nuclear power produces reliable and cheap electricity but has disadvantages such as the hazards of nuclear waste storage and risks of reactor accidents. It also provides details on the nuclear fuel cycle and power plant operations, noting that nuclear power currently provides about 20% of US electricity but that no new reactors have been built since 1979 due to various economic and safety concerns.
Geothermal energy is heat energy stored in the Earth that is generated by radioactive decay, residual heat from the Earth's formation, and meteorite impacts. There are three main types of geothermal resources - natural steam reservoirs, geo-pressured reservoirs, and hot water reservoirs. Geothermal systems work by sending water down wells to be heated by the Earth's warmth, then using a heat pump to transfer that heat for uses like space heating before injecting the cooled water back underground. Geothermal energy has many applications and advantages like being a sustainable, homegrown, and low emissions energy source, but it can cause land subsidence if not managed properly and release hazardous gases. India has geothermal potential from its
This document describes a proposed solar-biomass hybrid power plant. The plant would use a parabolic trough solar collector to generate steam from solar energy. A biomass gasifier would produce syngas from biomass that could also be used to generate steam. This would allow the plant to continuously produce electricity even when solar energy is unavailable. The steam would power a turbine to generate electricity. By combining solar and biomass energy sources, the plant aims to provide a stable and renewable source of electricity while reducing pollution and increasing efficiency compared to solar or biomass alone.
This presentation deals about the basic theories about solar power generation. Solar power plant is one of the renewable energy source which has great advantage and environmental friendly. This presentation was prepared as a guideline to study about solar energy sources
This document provides an overview of solar energy sources and technology. It defines solar energy as energy obtained from radiation emitted by the sun. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic cells made of silicon semiconductors. Passive solar uses sunlight without equipment to warm buildings, while active solar uses collectors and fluid/air transfer to store solar heat. Advantages include reducing global warming, energy reliability and independence, while disadvantages include high initial costs and needing batteries for nighttime use.
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste is known as non-conventional energy. All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure.
Natural resources that can be replaced and reused by nature are termed renewable. Natural resources that cannot be replaced are termed nonrenewable.
Renewable resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are used, and depletion is usually not a worry.
Nonrenewable resources are exhaustible and are extracted faster than the rate at which they formed. E.g. Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to produce heat and generate electricity. Fission occurs when certain atomic nuclei are split into smaller nuclei. This releases energy. In a nuclear reactor, a self-sustaining chain reaction is controlled to generate heat, which is then used to power turbines and produce electricity. The document discusses different types of nuclear reactions like fusion and fission. It also provides details about how nuclear power plants and reactors work, the status of nuclear energy programs in India, safety considerations, and consequences of the Fukushima nuclear accident.
The document discusses nuclear power and nuclear reactors. It provides information on the types of nuclear reactors used worldwide including pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWR). It also discusses nuclear power plants in various countries like the US, France, Japan, South Korea, and provides statistics on nuclear power reactors operating and under construction worldwide.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through controlled nuclear fission reactions of uranium-235 and plutonium-239. They have advantages of producing large amounts of energy from inexpensive and compact fuel, but also pose disadvantages such as high upfront costs, radioactive waste storage challenges, and potential for nuclear accidents. Key components include fuel rods, shielding, moderators, control rods, coolants, and containment structures. Site selection considers factors like available cooling water, waste disposal access, population density, and transportation access.
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts that releases energy. It can occur through nuclear chain reactions where neutrons produced in one fission induce additional fissions. Uranium-235 is commonly used as it can undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons. This results in fission products like krypton and strontium, more neutrons on average, and a large amount of energy. A controlled chain reaction in a nuclear reactor uses fissionable material as fuel, neutron moderators to slow neutrons, control rods to regulate the reaction, coolants to remove heat, and shielding to protect from radiation. Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using the heat from fission in a reactor to
The document discusses geothermal and ocean energy. It explains that geothermal energy comes from heat within the earth, which can be harnessed to create electricity. There are several methods used including dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle plants. Ocean energy technologies harness thermal differences or mechanical energy from ocean waves and tides. Ocean thermal energy conversion uses temperature differences between deep and surface ocean waters, while tidal barrages capture energy from tidal flows. Both resources provide renewable energy with less emissions than fossil fuels.
This document discusses solar thermal energy. It describes three main ways to use solar thermal energy: heating water or air directly, creating electricity through concentrated solar heat, and passive solar building design. Flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are the most common solar thermal collectors. Solar thermal systems can provide hot water, space heating, or pool heating. Storage of solar energy is usually in the form of heated water. Solar thermal energy is economically efficient, with payback periods of 5-9 years on average. Germany, China, and Turkey have the largest installed solar thermal capacities worldwide.
The document summarizes the key components and operation of wind turbines. It describes the main components including the rotor blades, hub, nacelle, drive train, tower, and electrical systems. It then explains how wind turbines work to convert kinetic wind energy into rotational energy and ultimately electricity. The document also discusses auxiliary systems like SCADA, fire protection, and lightning protection. It outlines advantages like being renewable and non-polluting but also challenges around intermittent supply, noise, and impacts on birds.
Solar energy presentation what factors does neeed to itMurali Krishna B
Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be converted into other uses such as electricity and heat. The sun provides vast amounts of energy to the Earth, with the potential to meet energy demand many times over. Solar technologies include photovoltaics (solar panels), concentrating solar power, and solar heating. Solar energy systems take advantage of the sun's radiation to provide electricity and hot water for homes, businesses, schools, and other facilities.
The document discusses nuclear fuels used in nuclear power plants such as uranium-235 and plutonium-239, how nuclear fission produces energy through a self-sustaining chain reaction, and the key components of nuclear reactors including the reactor core, control rods, moderator, coolant, and safety measures. It also covers different types of nuclear reactors like pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, as well as waste disposal and the future prospects of nuclear power.
Nuclear reactors can be classified based on neutron energy, fuel state, fuel material, moderator, type, and geometry. Intermediate reactors have neutron velocities between fast and slow reactors. Fast reactors use high energy neutrons while slow reactors use neutron capture by slow neutrons. Reactors can use solid, liquid, or gas fuels made of natural uranium, enriched uranium, plutonium, or uranium-233. Moderators include light water, heavy water, graphite, beryllium, or hydrocarbons. Common reactor types are pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, CANDU, gas cooled, and liquid metal reactors. Reactors are used for research, power production, breeding
Solar power plants can generate electricity either directly using photovoltaic cells or indirectly using concentrated solar power that heats a liquid to power steam turbines. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight and heat a liquid for steam generation. Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Solar power has advantages of no fuel costs or pollution but higher initial costs than other technologies.
This document provides an overview of a fission power plant, also known as a nuclear power plant. It discusses the history of nuclear power generation beginning in 1948. The key components of a nuclear power plant include the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, steam turbine, and condenser. Nuclear fission in the reactor produces heat that is used to generate steam to power the turbine and generate electricity. While nuclear power has advantages over fossil fuels in reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages such as nuclear waste management and safety risks.
This document provides an overview of the Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) in India. It discusses the key components and systems of NAPS, including the reactor layout, uranium fuel bundles, calandria, heavy water moderator, shutdown systems, cooling water, and feed water systems. NAPS utilizes natural uranium fuel and heavy water moderator to generate electricity through nuclear fission, with the heat used to convert water to steam that drives turbines. The document contains detailed specifications and descriptions of how different parts of the nuclear power plant work together.
A nuclear power plant generates electricity through nuclear fission. Uranium-235 is used as fuel inside the nuclear reactor where its nuclei are split, releasing heat energy used to boil water into steam. This steam powers turbines that generate electricity. Safety systems are in place to shut down the reactor and continuously cool the fuel even after shutdown using backup generators in case of emergencies. While nuclear power produces no emissions, its waste requires safe long-term storage and accidents can be catastrophic.
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. It notes that nuclear power produces reliable and cheap electricity but has disadvantages such as the hazards of nuclear waste storage and risks of reactor accidents. It also provides details on the nuclear fuel cycle and power plant operations, noting that nuclear power currently provides about 20% of US electricity but that no new reactors have been built since 1979 due to various economic and safety concerns.
Geothermal energy is heat energy stored in the Earth that is generated by radioactive decay, residual heat from the Earth's formation, and meteorite impacts. There are three main types of geothermal resources - natural steam reservoirs, geo-pressured reservoirs, and hot water reservoirs. Geothermal systems work by sending water down wells to be heated by the Earth's warmth, then using a heat pump to transfer that heat for uses like space heating before injecting the cooled water back underground. Geothermal energy has many applications and advantages like being a sustainable, homegrown, and low emissions energy source, but it can cause land subsidence if not managed properly and release hazardous gases. India has geothermal potential from its
This document describes a proposed solar-biomass hybrid power plant. The plant would use a parabolic trough solar collector to generate steam from solar energy. A biomass gasifier would produce syngas from biomass that could also be used to generate steam. This would allow the plant to continuously produce electricity even when solar energy is unavailable. The steam would power a turbine to generate electricity. By combining solar and biomass energy sources, the plant aims to provide a stable and renewable source of electricity while reducing pollution and increasing efficiency compared to solar or biomass alone.
This presentation deals about the basic theories about solar power generation. Solar power plant is one of the renewable energy source which has great advantage and environmental friendly. This presentation was prepared as a guideline to study about solar energy sources
This document provides an overview of solar energy sources and technology. It defines solar energy as energy obtained from radiation emitted by the sun. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic cells made of silicon semiconductors. Passive solar uses sunlight without equipment to warm buildings, while active solar uses collectors and fluid/air transfer to store solar heat. Advantages include reducing global warming, energy reliability and independence, while disadvantages include high initial costs and needing batteries for nighttime use.
Energy generated by using wind, tides, solar, geothermal heat, and biomass including farm and animal waste is known as non-conventional energy. All these sources are renewable or inexhaustible and do not cause environmental pollution. More over they do not require heavy expenditure.
Natural resources that can be replaced and reused by nature are termed renewable. Natural resources that cannot be replaced are termed nonrenewable.
Renewable resources are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are used, and depletion is usually not a worry.
Nonrenewable resources are exhaustible and are extracted faster than the rate at which they formed. E.g. Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission to produce heat and generate electricity. Fission occurs when certain atomic nuclei are split into smaller nuclei. This releases energy. In a nuclear reactor, a self-sustaining chain reaction is controlled to generate heat, which is then used to power turbines and produce electricity. The document discusses different types of nuclear reactions like fusion and fission. It also provides details about how nuclear power plants and reactors work, the status of nuclear energy programs in India, safety considerations, and consequences of the Fukushima nuclear accident.
The document discusses nuclear power and nuclear reactors. It provides information on the types of nuclear reactors used worldwide including pressurized water reactors (PWR), boiling water reactors (BWR), and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWR). It also discusses nuclear power plants in various countries like the US, France, Japan, South Korea, and provides statistics on nuclear power reactors operating and under construction worldwide.
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through controlled nuclear fission reactions of uranium-235 and plutonium-239. They have advantages of producing large amounts of energy from inexpensive and compact fuel, but also pose disadvantages such as high upfront costs, radioactive waste storage challenges, and potential for nuclear accidents. Key components include fuel rods, shielding, moderators, control rods, coolants, and containment structures. Site selection considers factors like available cooling water, waste disposal access, population density, and transportation access.
Fission is the splitting of a nucleus into smaller parts that releases energy. It can occur through nuclear chain reactions where neutrons produced in one fission induce additional fissions. Uranium-235 is commonly used as it can undergo fission when struck by slow neutrons. This results in fission products like krypton and strontium, more neutrons on average, and a large amount of energy. A controlled chain reaction in a nuclear reactor uses fissionable material as fuel, neutron moderators to slow neutrons, control rods to regulate the reaction, coolants to remove heat, and shielding to protect from radiation. Nuclear power plants generate electricity by using the heat from fission in a reactor to
The document discusses geothermal and ocean energy. It explains that geothermal energy comes from heat within the earth, which can be harnessed to create electricity. There are several methods used including dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle plants. Ocean energy technologies harness thermal differences or mechanical energy from ocean waves and tides. Ocean thermal energy conversion uses temperature differences between deep and surface ocean waters, while tidal barrages capture energy from tidal flows. Both resources provide renewable energy with less emissions than fossil fuels.
This document discusses solar thermal energy. It describes three main ways to use solar thermal energy: heating water or air directly, creating electricity through concentrated solar heat, and passive solar building design. Flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are the most common solar thermal collectors. Solar thermal systems can provide hot water, space heating, or pool heating. Storage of solar energy is usually in the form of heated water. Solar thermal energy is economically efficient, with payback periods of 5-9 years on average. Germany, China, and Turkey have the largest installed solar thermal capacities worldwide.
The document summarizes the key components and operation of wind turbines. It describes the main components including the rotor blades, hub, nacelle, drive train, tower, and electrical systems. It then explains how wind turbines work to convert kinetic wind energy into rotational energy and ultimately electricity. The document also discusses auxiliary systems like SCADA, fire protection, and lightning protection. It outlines advantages like being renewable and non-polluting but also challenges around intermittent supply, noise, and impacts on birds.
Solar energy presentation what factors does neeed to itMurali Krishna B
Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be converted into other uses such as electricity and heat. The sun provides vast amounts of energy to the Earth, with the potential to meet energy demand many times over. Solar technologies include photovoltaics (solar panels), concentrating solar power, and solar heating. Solar energy systems take advantage of the sun's radiation to provide electricity and hot water for homes, businesses, schools, and other facilities.
The document discusses nuclear fuels used in nuclear power plants such as uranium-235 and plutonium-239, how nuclear fission produces energy through a self-sustaining chain reaction, and the key components of nuclear reactors including the reactor core, control rods, moderator, coolant, and safety measures. It also covers different types of nuclear reactors like pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, as well as waste disposal and the future prospects of nuclear power.
Nuclear reactors can be classified based on neutron energy, fuel state, fuel material, moderator, type, and geometry. Intermediate reactors have neutron velocities between fast and slow reactors. Fast reactors use high energy neutrons while slow reactors use neutron capture by slow neutrons. Reactors can use solid, liquid, or gas fuels made of natural uranium, enriched uranium, plutonium, or uranium-233. Moderators include light water, heavy water, graphite, beryllium, or hydrocarbons. Common reactor types are pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, CANDU, gas cooled, and liquid metal reactors. Reactors are used for research, power production, breeding
Solar power plants can generate electricity either directly using photovoltaic cells or indirectly using concentrated solar power that heats a liquid to power steam turbines. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight and heat a liquid for steam generation. Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Solar power has advantages of no fuel costs or pollution but higher initial costs than other technologies.
This document provides an overview of a fission power plant, also known as a nuclear power plant. It discusses the history of nuclear power generation beginning in 1948. The key components of a nuclear power plant include the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, steam turbine, and condenser. Nuclear fission in the reactor produces heat that is used to generate steam to power the turbine and generate electricity. While nuclear power has advantages over fossil fuels in reducing emissions, it also has disadvantages such as nuclear waste management and safety risks.
This document provides an overview of the Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS) in India. It discusses the key components and systems of NAPS, including the reactor layout, uranium fuel bundles, calandria, heavy water moderator, shutdown systems, cooling water, and feed water systems. NAPS utilizes natural uranium fuel and heavy water moderator to generate electricity through nuclear fission, with the heat used to convert water to steam that drives turbines. The document contains detailed specifications and descriptions of how different parts of the nuclear power plant work together.
A nuclear power plant generates electricity through nuclear fission. Uranium-235 is used as fuel inside the nuclear reactor where its nuclei are split, releasing heat energy used to boil water into steam. This steam powers turbines that generate electricity. Safety systems are in place to shut down the reactor and continuously cool the fuel even after shutdown using backup generators in case of emergencies. While nuclear power produces no emissions, its waste requires safe long-term storage and accidents can be catastrophic.
The document discusses a project report on nuclear energy created by a team of 5 engineering students. It includes an introduction to the team members and contents which cover topics like what is nuclear energy, nuclear reactors and power plants, safety standards, types of nuclear fuel and disaster management, and the nuclear fuel cycle and waste management. It then provides summaries on each of these topics written by different team members. Key points covered include how nuclear fission works to generate energy, the components and workings of pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, nuclear safety protocols in India, examples of past nuclear accidents, and the nuclear fuel cycle from mining to waste disposal and storage.
The document discusses the CANDU6 nuclear reactor. It begins by explaining the need for nuclear power to provide reliable base load electricity. It then describes the key components and design features of the CANDU6, including its use of natural uranium fuel and heavy water moderator, pressure tube core design, and ability to refuel online. Safety systems are highlighted which can dump the moderator or inject boron to stop the reaction. The Canadian nuclear industry is said to be a world leader in CANDU reactor exports and isotope/uranium production.
Nuclear power plant lecture slides, brief detail of its working principle and its advantages and disadvantages. history and its efficiency are also explaind.
This document provides information on various topics related to nuclear power plants, including:
1. It describes the basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear fuel, moderators, control rods, shielding, and coolant.
2. It discusses different types of nuclear reactors including boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, CANDU reactors, and fast breeder reactors.
3. It covers safety systems in nuclear power plants including control of the fission reaction, cooling of the reactor core, and containment of radioactive materials. Emergency core cooling systems and containment buildings are described.
working of nuclear reactors: Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), Canada Deuterium - Uranium reactor (CANDU), breeder, gas cooled and liquid metal cooled reactors – safety measures for nuclear power plants.
This document provides information about nuclear (atomic) power plants. It discusses the working principle of nuclear power plants, which generate electricity through nuclear fission rather than fossil fuel combustion. Nuclear fission occurs when the nucleus of an atom, such as uranium-235, splits into smaller parts. This splitting reaction releases energy and neutrons, which can trigger further splitting reactions in a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction. The key components of a nuclear reactor that harness this chain reaction include the core, moderator, control rods, coolant, and radiation shielding. There are two main types of nuclear reactors - pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors. The document also discusses nuclear waste storage and compares the advantages and disadvantages of
This document provides an overview of nuclear reactors. It discusses the basic components of a nuclear reactor including the fuel, moderator, control rods, coolant, pressure vessel, steam generator, and containment structure. It then describes several types of nuclear reactors in use: pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, pressurized heavy water reactors, advanced gas-cooled reactors, RBMK reactors, and fast neutron reactors. The document also discusses refueling of reactors, lifetime extensions, and replacement of components over time to maintain safety and performance.
This document provides an overview of key components and processes in a nuclear power plant. It discusses nuclear fuel such as Uranium 235 and Plutonium 239, how nuclear fission works to split atoms and release energy, and how nuclear chain reactions are initiated and controlled. It also describes the reactor core, control rods, steam generators, turbines, coolant pumps, condensers and other major systems used to generate electricity from the heat produced by nuclear fission. Both advantages like low carbon emissions and disadvantages like radioactive waste and resource scarcity are highlighted.
The document discusses the key components and processes involved in nuclear power generation, including nuclear fuel, nuclear fission, nuclear chain reactions, control rods, steam generators, turbines, condensers, cooling towers, and the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power. Nuclear fuel undergoes fission, releasing energy to heat water and create steam that drives turbines to generate electricity while being moderated and controlled through various safety mechanisms.
This document discusses the key components and types of nuclear reactors. It describes 6 main types: 1) pressurized water reactors, 2) boiling water reactors, 3) pressurized heavy water reactors, 4) advanced gas-cooled reactors, 5) RBMK light water graphite-moderated reactors, and 6) fast neutron reactors. For each type, it provides details on the fuel, moderator, coolant, and other core components. PWRs are the most common type worldwide, using water as both coolant and moderator under high pressure. BWRs also use water but at lower pressure so it boils in the core. PHWRs use heavy water as the moderator and cooled channels to allow
This document discusses the components and types of nuclear reactors. It describes six main types: 1) pressurized water reactors, 2) boiling water reactors, 3) pressurized heavy water reactors, 4) advanced gas-cooled reactors, 5) RBMK light water graphite-moderated reactors, and 6) fast neutron reactors. Common components include fuel rods, moderator, control rods, coolant, and pressure vessels. Pressurized water reactors are the most common type and use water as both coolant and moderator under high pressure.
This document discusses the components and types of nuclear reactors. It describes six main types: 1) pressurized water reactors, 2) boiling water reactors, 3) pressurized heavy water reactors, 4) advanced gas-cooled reactors, 5) RBMK light water graphite-moderated reactors, and 6) fast neutron reactors. Common components include fuel rods, moderator, control rods, coolant, and pressure vessels. Pressurized water reactors are the most common type and use water as both coolant and moderator under high pressure.
Nuclear fuel undergoes fission, releasing heat energy. This energy can be harnessed via nuclear chain reactions in a nuclear reactor, where neutrons split atoms and are controlled by control rods. The heat generated is used to convert water to steam, which powers turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. Spent fuel is cooled in cooling towers before being treated and stored as radioactive waste. While emitting low carbon, issues remain around waste storage and plant security.
Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions to generate heat and produce steam to power turbines that generate electricity. Nuclear fuel such as uranium-235 is used in the nuclear reactor's core to initiate and sustain a controlled nuclear chain reaction. Control rods are used to regulate the chain reaction. Steam generated in steam generators is used to power the turbines, which turn generators to produce electricity. The steam is then cooled and recycled through the system. Nuclear power produces low carbon emissions but generates radioactive waste that remains hazardous for thousands of years.
The document discusses various topics related to nuclear power plants including:
1) Nuclear fuel such as Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 that can undergo fission chain reactions to produce energy.
2) How nuclear fission of heavy elements like Uranium releases heat and how this can be used to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear reactor.
3) The basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps and cooling towers.
Classification of nuclear power plant 2171910 , power plant engineering.Hitarth Shah
Main two types are :
Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Heat is produced in the reactor due to nuclear fission and there is a chain reaction.
The heat generated in the reactor is carried away by the coolant (water or heavy water) circulated through the core.
The purpose of the pressure equalizer is to maintain a constant pressure of 14 MN/m2. This enables water to carry more heat from the reactor.
The purpose of the coolant pump is to pump coolant water under pressure into the reactor core.
Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Heat is produced in the reactor due to nuclear fission and there is a chain reaction.
The heat generated in the reactor is carried away by the coolant (water or heavy water) circulated through the core.
The purpose of the pressure equalizer is to maintain a constant pressure of 14 MN/m2. This enables water to carry more heat from the reactor.
The purpose of the coolant pump is to pump coolant water under pressure into the reactor core.
Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Heat is produced in the reactor due to nuclear fission and there is a chain reaction.
The heat generated in the reactor is carried away by the coolant (water or heavy water) circulated through the core.
The purpose of the pressure equalizer is to maintain a constant pressure of 14 MN/m2. This enables water to carry more heat from the reactor.
The purpose of the coolant pump is to pump coolant water under pressure into the reactor core.
Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Heat is produced in the reactor due to nuclear fission and there is a chain reaction.
The heat generated in the reactor is carried away by the coolant (water or heavy water) circulated through the core.
The purpose of the pressure equalizer is to maintain a constant pressure of 14 MN/m2. This enables water to carry more heat from the reactor.
The purpose of the coolant pump is to pump coolant water under pressure into the reactor core.
This document provides information on types of nuclear reactors, including their key components and history. It discusses six main types of reactors: pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, pressurized heavy water reactors, advanced gas-cooled reactors, RBMK reactors, and fast neutron reactors. For each type it describes the basic design features such as fuel type, moderator, coolant system. It also covers applications of nuclear energy such as electricity generation, nuclear weapons, and medical uses of radioactive isotopes.
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Using CRM module, we can manage and keep track of all new leads and opportunities in one location. It helps to manage your sales pipeline with customizable stages. In this slide let’s discuss how to create a stage or pipeline inside the CRM module in odoo 17.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
2. Contents
Introduction of NAPS
Layout of NAPS
Working of Nuclear Power Plant
Principal of Nuclear Power Plant
Uranium Fuel Bundle
Calandria
Heavy Water
Moderator System
Shut Down System
Compressed Air System
Cooling Water
CWPH(Circulating Water Pump House)
Feed Water System
3. INTRODUCTION OF NAPS
• Narora atomic power station is situated at the bank of
river Ganga in Bulandshahr district of Uttar Pradesh.
• Naps is involved in generating electricity by utilizing
nuclear energy.
• Naps is laid down on 4th January 1974.
• The heat generated due to fission of Natural Uranium is
removed by circulating D2O Coolant.
• Naps has 2 Natural draft cooling tower and 2 Induced draft
cooling tower.
4. LAYOUT OF NAPS
Administration building
Overhead water tank
Natural draft cooling tower
220KV Switch yard
Stack
Service building
Reactor building
Purification building
Turbine building
Pump House
Station Training centre
Waste Management plant
6. Working of Nuclear Power Plant :-
Nuclear power plants generated electricity from
nuclear heat.
The nuclear heat converts water to steam ,which in
turn drives the turbine and generator to produce
electricity.
Inside a nuclear power station, energy is released by
nuclear fission in the core of nuclear reactor.
1kg of Uranium U-235 produce as much energy as
the burning of 4500 tones of high grade variety of
coal or 2000 tones of oil.
7. Principal of Nuclear Reactor
A Nuclear Power reactor is only a source of heat.
The heat being produced when the uranium atom splits
(fission).
Natural uranium consist of two types (isotopes) of uranium
namely U-235 and U-238 in the ratio of 1:139.
Naturally occurring uranium contains only 0.71% U-235,the
remainder is the non feasible U-238.
When a U-235 atom is struck by a slow (or thermal)
neutron, it splits into two or more fragments.
10. Uranium Fuel Bundle
Uranium fuel bundles are 49.53 cm long & has
8.17cm dia.
Each bundle consists of 19 hermetically seal
zircaloy tubes containing compact & sintered
pallets of natural uranium.
Twelve such bundles are located in each fuel
channel.
12. Calandria
Calandria is the heart of reactor and it is the source
of heat.
Calandria is a cylindrical vessel having 306 Calandria
tubes.
One coolant tube passes through each calandria
tube, and this Coolant tube has 12 fuel Bundles in it
which undergo fission reaction.
13.
14. HEAVY WATER
Heavy water is used as both coolant and
moderator.
Heat energy is transported by coolant from
reactor to the vertical, integral U-tubes in
shell type of heat exchangers.
The absorption of heavy water for neutron is
far less than the ordinary water.
This helps in neutron economy.
15. Moderator System
Moderator system is a
heavy water and helium
system.
Calandria is always full of
moderator up to 96% and
remaining volume is
covered by helium gas.
Working pressure and
temperature of
moderator system are
8Kg/cm 2 and 63℃.
respectively.
16. SHUTDOWN SYSTEM
1. PRIMARY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM
-This system will response in just 2.3 sec.
-This is slow down acting system.
-primary shutdown system has shutoff mechanism at 14
locations in the reactor.
2.SECONDARY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM
-This will used when primary system is fail to shutdown the system.
- This is the fast acting system and respond in 1.4sec.
-secondary shutdown system is a fast acting back up system to the primary
shutdown system.
17. Compressed Air System
The compressed air system has been provided
for the supply of compressed air for the
purpose of-
• Instrumentation(Instrument Air).
• Control service(Service Air).
• Mask air requirement(Mass Air).
18. CWPH(CIRCULATING WATER PUMP HOUSE)
Circulating water system is mainly for removing the latent
heat from the turbine exhaust and maintains the desired
exhaust pressure in condenser.
Some portion of circulating water is supplied -
1. Turbine oil coolers
2. Hydrogen coolers
plant consists of six horizontal opposed balanced type air
compressors, each having nominal capacity of 14.85M3/min.
(Free air delivery = 18.0M3/min) at a pressure 8.5 Kg/cm2 .
19.
20. FEED WATER SYSTEM
Feed water system main function:-
1. Supply adequate high quality water to steam
generator.
2.heat the water from about 49℃ to 170℃.
Feed water pump:-
1.Feed water pump is used to increased the
pressure 350 psi to 1200 psi.
2.Each unit typically will have 2 or 3 Feed
water pumps.
21. Feed Water Pump
Feed pumps usually rotate at about 5000 revolutions per
minute and have an oil lubricating system.
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