Graphics controller
9 Refreshing of screen is
required.
Refreshing of screen is not required.
10 Suitable for TV, monitor. Suitable for CAD/CAM application,
scientific visualization.
Introduction to computer graphics part 1Ankit Garg
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes video display devices like CRTs and how they work. Color is generated using techniques like beam penetration and shadow masks. Raster scan and random scan displays are covered. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and gloves are also summarized. The document provides details on graphics hardware like frame buffers, refresh rates, and video controllers.
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes common display devices like CRT monitors and how they work. It explains color generation techniques in monitors using beam penetration or shadow mask methods. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and joysticks are also covered. The document provides details on frame buffers, resolution, refresh rates and how raster scan displays redraw images.
presentation By Daroko blog-where IT learners Apply skills.
This topic an presentation will introduce you to Computer graphics hardware types.
---------------------------------
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
The document describes various types of computer display devices and their characteristics. It discusses raster and random scan displays, CRT monitors, color CRT technologies including beam penetration and shadow mask methods, and other display types such as direct view storage tubes. Input devices are also covered, including keyboards, mice, digitizers, and touch screens.
This document provides information about hardware and software used for graphic design. It discusses topics like digital visual interfaces, color depth, integrated vs dedicated graphics cards, memory, processors, storage devices, input/output devices, file formats, and image editing software. Key points include that DVI connects graphics cards to monitors, color depth refers to the number of available colors, integrated graphics are built into the motherboard while dedicated cards install separately, and RAM is used for temporary storage of open graphic files.
This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as the creation, storage, and manipulation of pictures and drawings using digital computers. Computer graphics is used across diverse fields such as engineering, medicine, education, entertainment, and more. The document discusses basic terms related to display devices such as pixels, resolution, color depth, and frame buffers. It also describes different types of display devices including raster scan displays, random scan displays, direct view storage tubes, flat panel displays, and stereoscopic displays. Applications of computer graphics such as design, image processing, animation, simulation, and medical imaging are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
This ppt's introduced Basics of computer graphics, which helps to diploma in computer engineering, DCA BCA, BE computer science student's to improve study in computer graphics.
Introduction to computer graphics part 1Ankit Garg
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes video display devices like CRTs and how they work. Color is generated using techniques like beam penetration and shadow masks. Raster scan and random scan displays are covered. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and gloves are also summarized. The document provides details on graphics hardware like frame buffers, refresh rates, and video controllers.
This document discusses computer graphics systems and their components. It describes common display devices like CRT monitors and how they work. It explains color generation techniques in monitors using beam penetration or shadow mask methods. Input devices for graphics like mice, tablets, and joysticks are also covered. The document provides details on frame buffers, resolution, refresh rates and how raster scan displays redraw images.
presentation By Daroko blog-where IT learners Apply skills.
This topic an presentation will introduce you to Computer graphics hardware types.
---------------------------------
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
The document describes various types of computer display devices and their characteristics. It discusses raster and random scan displays, CRT monitors, color CRT technologies including beam penetration and shadow mask methods, and other display types such as direct view storage tubes. Input devices are also covered, including keyboards, mice, digitizers, and touch screens.
This document provides information about hardware and software used for graphic design. It discusses topics like digital visual interfaces, color depth, integrated vs dedicated graphics cards, memory, processors, storage devices, input/output devices, file formats, and image editing software. Key points include that DVI connects graphics cards to monitors, color depth refers to the number of available colors, integrated graphics are built into the motherboard while dedicated cards install separately, and RAM is used for temporary storage of open graphic files.
This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It defines computer graphics as the creation, storage, and manipulation of pictures and drawings using digital computers. Computer graphics is used across diverse fields such as engineering, medicine, education, entertainment, and more. The document discusses basic terms related to display devices such as pixels, resolution, color depth, and frame buffers. It also describes different types of display devices including raster scan displays, random scan displays, direct view storage tubes, flat panel displays, and stereoscopic displays. Applications of computer graphics such as design, image processing, animation, simulation, and medical imaging are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of raster images and display technologies. Raster images represent pictures as a grid of pixels stored as numerical values. Grayscale images vary pixel depth to generate different colors. Color images use three values per pixel. Display technologies discussed include CRTs, LCDs, plasma displays, and other emissive and non-emissive displays. CRTs use electron guns and phosphors to generate images while LCDs use liquid crystals and polarized light.
This ppt's introduced Basics of computer graphics, which helps to diploma in computer engineering, DCA BCA, BE computer science student's to improve study in computer graphics.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which produce images using an electron beam striking a phosphorescent screen. CRTs are bulky and electromagnetic fields may pose health risks. Raster scan displays redraw images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines. Color CRTs use phosphors and shadow masks to produce colors. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays are thinner alternatives to CRTs.
The document discusses computer graphics and various display technologies. It describes raster and vector display systems used in computer graphics. Raster systems store and display images as a grid of pixels using a process called scan conversion. Each pixel is stored in a frame buffer and refreshed rapidly to display the image. Vector systems draw images as geometric objects and lines. Common display technologies discussed include cathode ray tubes (CRT), liquid crystal displays (LCD), and plasma displays. Applications of computer graphics mentioned include computer-aided design (CAD), multimedia, visualization, and entertainment.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics systems. It discusses the basic components of a graphics system including input, computation, and output. For output, it describes raster display technologies like cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). It also discusses graphics memory and framebuffers for storing pixel color values, as well as color depth and dithering techniques. The goal of computer graphics is to solve the color function for each pixel on the display.
Digital image processing & computer graphicsAnkit Garg
Digital Image Processing & Computer Graphics document discusses several topics related to digital image processing including:
1. Digital image processing involves manipulating digital images using computer programs. It includes operations like geometric transformations, image refinement to remove noise, color adjustments, and combining multiple images.
2. Computer graphics is focused on constructing images, while digital image processing is focused on manipulating existing images.
3. Common digital image processing techniques discussed include image enhancement to improve image quality, image restoration to remove degradation, image segmentation to separate objects, image resizing, compression, and feature extraction.
4. Image filtering is used to reduce noise in images using techniques like convolution with filters that target different image frequency ranges like low-pass and
Application of computer graphics and input devicesMani Kanth
Computer graphics are used for movie making, video games, scientific modeling, and design. They can be displayed on devices like LCD and LED screens. LCD screens use liquid crystals to rotate polarized light and display images without emitting light themselves. They are used in televisions, monitors, and other devices. LED screens are a type of LCD screen that uses light-emitting diodes for backlighting, making them more energy efficient and enabling thinner designs than older LCD screens that used cold cathode fluorescent lamps. New flat panel displays continue advancing with technologies like organic LED lighting and curved or bendable screens.
Images are an important element in multimedia. There are two main types of images: bitmaps, which use pixels to represent color information, and vector images, which use mathematical coordinates. Various tools can be used to create and edit images, including bitmap software, 3D modeling programs, and image capture and editing features. Color is a key aspect, with different color models and palettes used depending on the intended display and use of the images.
This document provides an overview of digital image processing. It defines what an image is, noting that an image is a spatial representation of a scene represented as an array of pixels. Digital image processing refers to processing digital images on a computer. The key steps in digital image processing are image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, compression, morphological processing, segmentation, representation, and recognition. Digital image processing has many applications including medical imaging, traffic monitoring, biometrics, and computer vision.
COM2304: Introduction to Computer Vision & Image Processing Hemantha Kulathilake
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
Describe image.
Describe digital image processing and computer vision.
Compare and Contrast image processing and computer vision.
Describe image sources.
Identify the array of imaging application under the EM Image source.
Describe the components of Image processing system and computer vision system.
Digital Image Processing and gis software systemsNirmal Kumar
The document provides an overview of digital image processing (DIP) and geographic information systems (GIS) software systems, outlining the key hardware and software components needed for DIP including processors, memory, displays, storage, operating systems, compilers, and image processing software. It also describes important image processing functions such as preprocessing, display and enhancement, information extraction, photogrammetric information extraction, and integration with GIS. Open source DIP and GIS software like ILWIS are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It discusses what computer graphics are, common applications like movies, games and scientific visualization, and hardware like CRT, LCD and plasma displays. It also covers computer graphics software topics such as rendering primitives, algorithms for transformations and rasterization, and application programming interfaces. The graphics rendering pipeline that converts 3D scenes to 2D images is also summarized.
Digital image processing involves performing operations on digital images using computer algorithms. It has several functional categories including image restoration to remove noise and distortions, enhancement to modify the visual impact, and information extraction to analyze images. The main steps are acquisition, enhancement, restoration, color processing, compression, segmentation, and filtering using techniques like pixelization, principal components analysis, and neural networks. It has applications in medical imaging, film, transmission, sensing, and robotics. The advantages are noise removal, flexibility in format and manipulation, and easy storage and retrieval. The disadvantages can include high initial costs and potential data loss if storage devices fail.
This document contains a glossary of terms used in digital image processing compiled by Upendra. It includes definitions for over 80 terms ranging from basic concepts like pixels, color models, and image formats to more advanced image processing techniques like morphological operations, filtering, and geometric transformations. Each term includes a brief 1-2 sentence definition. The glossary is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used vocabulary in the field of digital image processing.
This presentation will introduce you to Raster details in computer graphics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
The document discusses image processing and provides an overview of the topic in three paragraphs or less:
Image processing involves processing or altering existing images in a desired manner. It has two main aspects - improving visual appearance for human viewers and preparing images for feature measurement and structure analysis. Image processing is needed to prepare digital images for viewing on output devices, optimize images for applications by enhancing structures, and allow computer-assisted analysis to detect important structures. It acquires images from scientific instruments and space missions to communicate results.
Computer graphics involves the creation, manipulation and storage of geometric objects and images. It has various applications including computer-aided design, presentation graphics, computer art, entertainment, education and training, scientific visualization, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Graphics packages provide programmatic access to graphics functions and libraries for tasks like 2D drawing, modeling, and rendering.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics. It discusses the definition of computer graphics, goals of computer graphics, applications of computer graphics, graphics systems including images, hardware and software. It also describes two dimensional and three dimensional images, color models, input devices like keyboards and scanners, the computation stage involving transformations and rasterization, output devices like displays, and basics of animation.
Random scan displays and raster scan displaysSomya Bagai
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
This document provides an introduction and overview of image processing in MATLAB. It discusses applications of image processing, preprocessing techniques like noise reduction and brightness adjustment, image segmentation, color models like RGB and HSL, and common image processing toolbox functions in MATLAB for tasks like reading/writing images, color conversion, filtering, edge detection, and more. It also advertises an upcoming demo that will showcase various image processing techniques in MATLAB like blurring, edge detection, segmentation, and solving problems like detecting road lines and sudoku puzzles.
Image processing involves manipulating digital images through algorithms implemented on computers. A digital image is composed of picture elements called pixels arranged in a grid. Each pixel represents a color or intensity value. Common image processing tasks include computer vision, optical character recognition, medical imaging, and more. Key concepts in image processing include pixels, resolution, color depth, and filtering/manipulating pixel values.
Computer Graphics is an advance field in information technology and all about manipulation and rendering of images. This presentation covers all the main concepts in computer graphics including graphics algorithms.
This document provides information about different types of display devices used in computer graphics. It discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) which produce images using an electron beam striking a phosphorescent screen. CRTs are bulky and electromagnetic fields may pose health risks. Raster scan displays redraw images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines. Color CRTs use phosphors and shadow masks to produce colors. Flat panel displays like liquid crystal displays are thinner alternatives to CRTs.
The document discusses computer graphics and various display technologies. It describes raster and vector display systems used in computer graphics. Raster systems store and display images as a grid of pixels using a process called scan conversion. Each pixel is stored in a frame buffer and refreshed rapidly to display the image. Vector systems draw images as geometric objects and lines. Common display technologies discussed include cathode ray tubes (CRT), liquid crystal displays (LCD), and plasma displays. Applications of computer graphics mentioned include computer-aided design (CAD), multimedia, visualization, and entertainment.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics systems. It discusses the basic components of a graphics system including input, computation, and output. For output, it describes raster display technologies like cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and liquid crystal displays (LCDs). It also discusses graphics memory and framebuffers for storing pixel color values, as well as color depth and dithering techniques. The goal of computer graphics is to solve the color function for each pixel on the display.
Digital image processing & computer graphicsAnkit Garg
Digital Image Processing & Computer Graphics document discusses several topics related to digital image processing including:
1. Digital image processing involves manipulating digital images using computer programs. It includes operations like geometric transformations, image refinement to remove noise, color adjustments, and combining multiple images.
2. Computer graphics is focused on constructing images, while digital image processing is focused on manipulating existing images.
3. Common digital image processing techniques discussed include image enhancement to improve image quality, image restoration to remove degradation, image segmentation to separate objects, image resizing, compression, and feature extraction.
4. Image filtering is used to reduce noise in images using techniques like convolution with filters that target different image frequency ranges like low-pass and
Application of computer graphics and input devicesMani Kanth
Computer graphics are used for movie making, video games, scientific modeling, and design. They can be displayed on devices like LCD and LED screens. LCD screens use liquid crystals to rotate polarized light and display images without emitting light themselves. They are used in televisions, monitors, and other devices. LED screens are a type of LCD screen that uses light-emitting diodes for backlighting, making them more energy efficient and enabling thinner designs than older LCD screens that used cold cathode fluorescent lamps. New flat panel displays continue advancing with technologies like organic LED lighting and curved or bendable screens.
Images are an important element in multimedia. There are two main types of images: bitmaps, which use pixels to represent color information, and vector images, which use mathematical coordinates. Various tools can be used to create and edit images, including bitmap software, 3D modeling programs, and image capture and editing features. Color is a key aspect, with different color models and palettes used depending on the intended display and use of the images.
This document provides an overview of digital image processing. It defines what an image is, noting that an image is a spatial representation of a scene represented as an array of pixels. Digital image processing refers to processing digital images on a computer. The key steps in digital image processing are image acquisition, enhancement, restoration, compression, morphological processing, segmentation, representation, and recognition. Digital image processing has many applications including medical imaging, traffic monitoring, biometrics, and computer vision.
COM2304: Introduction to Computer Vision & Image Processing Hemantha Kulathilake
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to;
Describe image.
Describe digital image processing and computer vision.
Compare and Contrast image processing and computer vision.
Describe image sources.
Identify the array of imaging application under the EM Image source.
Describe the components of Image processing system and computer vision system.
Digital Image Processing and gis software systemsNirmal Kumar
The document provides an overview of digital image processing (DIP) and geographic information systems (GIS) software systems, outlining the key hardware and software components needed for DIP including processors, memory, displays, storage, operating systems, compilers, and image processing software. It also describes important image processing functions such as preprocessing, display and enhancement, information extraction, photogrammetric information extraction, and integration with GIS. Open source DIP and GIS software like ILWIS are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It discusses what computer graphics are, common applications like movies, games and scientific visualization, and hardware like CRT, LCD and plasma displays. It also covers computer graphics software topics such as rendering primitives, algorithms for transformations and rasterization, and application programming interfaces. The graphics rendering pipeline that converts 3D scenes to 2D images is also summarized.
Digital image processing involves performing operations on digital images using computer algorithms. It has several functional categories including image restoration to remove noise and distortions, enhancement to modify the visual impact, and information extraction to analyze images. The main steps are acquisition, enhancement, restoration, color processing, compression, segmentation, and filtering using techniques like pixelization, principal components analysis, and neural networks. It has applications in medical imaging, film, transmission, sensing, and robotics. The advantages are noise removal, flexibility in format and manipulation, and easy storage and retrieval. The disadvantages can include high initial costs and potential data loss if storage devices fail.
This document contains a glossary of terms used in digital image processing compiled by Upendra. It includes definitions for over 80 terms ranging from basic concepts like pixels, color models, and image formats to more advanced image processing techniques like morphological operations, filtering, and geometric transformations. Each term includes a brief 1-2 sentence definition. The glossary is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly used vocabulary in the field of digital image processing.
This presentation will introduce you to Raster details in computer graphics.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do Not just learn computer graphics an close your computer tab and go away..
APPLY them in real business,
Visit Daroko blog for real IT skills applications,androind, Computer graphics,Networking,Programming,IT jobs Types, IT news and applications,blogging,Builing a website, IT companies and how you can form yours, Technology news and very many More IT related subject.
-simply google:Daroko blog(professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com)
• Presentation by Daroko blog, to see More tutorials more than this one here, Daroko blog has all tutorials related with IT course, simply visit the site by simply Entering the phrase Daroko blog (www.professionalbloggertricks.com) to search engines such as Google or yahoo!, learn some Blogging, affiliate marketing ,and ways of making Money with the computer graphic Applications(it is useless to learn all these tutorials when you can apply them as a student you know),also learn where you can apply all IT skills in a real Business Environment after learning Graphics another computer realate courses.ly
• Be practically real, not just academic reader
The document discusses image processing and provides an overview of the topic in three paragraphs or less:
Image processing involves processing or altering existing images in a desired manner. It has two main aspects - improving visual appearance for human viewers and preparing images for feature measurement and structure analysis. Image processing is needed to prepare digital images for viewing on output devices, optimize images for applications by enhancing structures, and allow computer-assisted analysis to detect important structures. It acquires images from scientific instruments and space missions to communicate results.
Computer graphics involves the creation, manipulation and storage of geometric objects and images. It has various applications including computer-aided design, presentation graphics, computer art, entertainment, education and training, scientific visualization, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Graphics packages provide programmatic access to graphics functions and libraries for tasks like 2D drawing, modeling, and rendering.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics. It discusses the definition of computer graphics, goals of computer graphics, applications of computer graphics, graphics systems including images, hardware and software. It also describes two dimensional and three dimensional images, color models, input devices like keyboards and scanners, the computation stage involving transformations and rasterization, output devices like displays, and basics of animation.
Random scan displays and raster scan displaysSomya Bagai
Raster scan displays work by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in horizontal lines from top to bottom. As the beam moves, its intensity is turned on and off to illuminate pixels and form an image. The pixel values are stored in and retrieved from a refresh buffer or frame buffer. Random scan displays draw images using geometric primitives like points and lines based on mathematical equations, directing the electron beam only where needed. Raster scans have higher resolution but jagged lines, while random scans produce smooth lines but cannot display complex images. Both use a video controller and frame buffer in memory to control the display process.
This document provides an introduction and overview of image processing in MATLAB. It discusses applications of image processing, preprocessing techniques like noise reduction and brightness adjustment, image segmentation, color models like RGB and HSL, and common image processing toolbox functions in MATLAB for tasks like reading/writing images, color conversion, filtering, edge detection, and more. It also advertises an upcoming demo that will showcase various image processing techniques in MATLAB like blurring, edge detection, segmentation, and solving problems like detecting road lines and sudoku puzzles.
Image processing involves manipulating digital images through algorithms implemented on computers. A digital image is composed of picture elements called pixels arranged in a grid. Each pixel represents a color or intensity value. Common image processing tasks include computer vision, optical character recognition, medical imaging, and more. Key concepts in image processing include pixels, resolution, color depth, and filtering/manipulating pixel values.
Computer Graphics is an advance field in information technology and all about manipulation and rendering of images. This presentation covers all the main concepts in computer graphics including graphics algorithms.
This document discusses the basics of computer graphics. It outlines the advantages of computer graphics such as producing high quality images and animation. It also classifies computer graphics systems as either interactive or passive. Interactive systems allow two-way communication between the user and computer while passive systems do not. The document then discusses pixels, color depth, frame buffers, and monitors. It concludes by outlining major areas of computer graphics like display of information, design/modeling, simulation, and user interfaces.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics. It discusses what computer graphics is, the basic components of a computer graphics system including display devices like CRT monitors. It describes the two main techniques for displaying images on a CRT - vector/random scan and raster scan. The document also discusses color CRT monitors and the two techniques used - beam penetration and shadow mask. It outlines several applications of computer graphics like user interfaces, modeling, simulation and animation.
Introduction to computer graphics part 2Ankit Garg
This document discusses cathode ray tubes (CRTs) and how they work as display devices for computer graphics. It explains that CRTs contain an electron gun that emits a stream of electrons which are focused into a beam and directed to specific points on the phosphor-coated front of the picture tube. When the electron beam hits a phosphor dot, it glows proportionally to the beam strength. Color CRTs use three electron guns and a shadow mask to separately excite red, green, and blue phosphor dots, allowing for color displays. The document also covers other properties of CRTs like resolution, persistence, and aspect ratio.
Video display devices use various technologies to visually present electronic information. Common types include CRT, LCD, LED, and plasma displays. CRTs use an electron gun to excite phosphors on the screen and were widely used in monitors and TVs. They can operate in raster or random scan modes. Color CRTs use shadow mask or beam penetration methods. Flat panel displays like LCDs are thinner than CRTs and use light modulation rather than emission to display images.
Computer graphics involves rendering pictures, charts, and graphs on computers rather than just text. It has many applications including movies, games, medical imaging, CAD, education, and simulations. Computer graphics uses pixels - the smallest display elements - to represent images on screens. There are two main types: interactive graphics which allow user input, and passive graphics which do not. Raster scan displays refresh images by sweeping an electron beam across the screen in lines, while random scan displays draw images line by line. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to efficiently render lines and circles of pixels.
This document provides an overview of computer graphics hardware and software. It defines computer graphics as using a computer to define, store, manipulate, interrogate and present pictorial output. The key hardware components discussed are display devices like CRT, LCD, and plasma displays. Software components include rendering primitives, algorithms for transformation and rasterization, and application programming interfaces that provide access to graphics hardware. The graphics rendering pipeline is described as the process of converting a 3D scene model into a 2D image through steps like modeling transformations, viewing transformations, projection, clipping and rasterization.
Computer Graphics Introduction, Open GL, Line and Circle drawing algorithmDeepika Walanjkar
The document provides an introduction to computer graphics, including definitions, types of computer graphics, and basic graphics primitives. It discusses pixels, resolution, aspect ratio, images, frame buffers, and display areas. It also describes digital differential analyzer (DDA) line drawing algorithms and different types of display devices, focusing on cathode ray tubes (CRTs). The document aims to cover fundamental concepts in computer graphics.
Computer graphics uses computers to draw and display pictures, graphics, and data in pictorial form. It expresses data visually instead of just text. Computer graphics is used in movies, games, medical imaging, design, education, simulators, art, presentations, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Pixels are the smallest display elements on a screen, each with an intensity and color value. Interactive graphics allow user input to modify images, while passive graphics do not. Common display devices are CRT monitors which use electron beams to excite phosphors and LCD screens which use pixels to control light transmission. Algorithms like DDA and Bresenham's are used to draw lines on these displays.
This document contains questions and answers about computer graphics. It begins by defining computer graphics as pictures and movies created using computers, usually referring to image data created with specialized graphics hardware and software. Applications of computer graphics mentioned include computer-aided design, presentation graphics, computer art, entertainment, education and training, visualization, image processing, and graphical user interfaces. Key terms like pixel, resolution, aspect ratio, and persistence are also defined. The document then discusses video display devices and CRTs, and explains raster scan and random scan display systems. Color CRTs using beam penetration and shadow mask techniques are also covered.
The document discusses computer graphics and is divided into several sections. It begins with an introduction to computer graphics and its applications such as display of information, design, simulation and animation, and user interfaces. It then describes the major hardware components of a graphics system including input devices, processing units, memory, and output devices. Finally, it discusses graphics software and programming interfaces that allow applications to interact with graphics hardware.
This document provides an introduction to computer graphics, including its applications and components. It discusses the different types of graphic display devices such as CRT monitors and their concepts like double buffering. It also covers 2D graphics topics like coordinate systems, line and circle drawing algorithms. The key components of computer graphics are explained as the frame buffer, display controller, and monitor. Interactive and non-interactive computer graphics are defined. Finally, it discusses how the display controller works with the frame buffer and monitor to produce graphical output.
The document discusses various display devices including CRT, flat panel displays, and their components and technologies. CRTs use an electron gun and phosphor-coated screen to create images and come in random scan and raster scan varieties. Components include the electron gun, control electrodes, focusing system, and deflection yoke. Flat panel displays are thinner than CRTs and include LCD and plasma displays.
This PPT gives detailed information about Computer Graphics, Raster Scan System, Random Scan System, CRT Display, Color CRT Monitors, Input and Output Devices
The document outlines the course objectives, outcomes, examination scheme, and units of a Computer Graphics course. The course aims to acquaint students with basic concepts, algorithms, and techniques of computer graphics through understanding, applying, and creating graphics using OpenGL. Students will learn about primitives, transformations, projections, lighting, shading, animation and gaming. The course assessment includes a mid-semester test, end-semester test, and covers topics ranging from graphics primitives to fractals and animation.
The document discusses various topics in computer graphics including:
1. Computer Aided Design (CAD) is used to design products like buildings, vehicles, and aircraft using computer modeling and visualization.
2. Presentation graphics are used to illustrate reports using charts, graphs, and diagrams to summarize data.
3. Computer art uses 3D modeling, texture mapping, and other techniques in both fine art and commercial design applications like logos.
4. Entertainment uses computer graphics for movies, TV, videos, and animation through techniques like morphing objects.
This document provides information on different types of display devices and monitor technologies. It discusses cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, including their structure, working principle, and technologies such as raster scan and vector scan displays. Liquid crystal displays (LCD) and plasma displays are also mentioned. Key aspects of displays such as pixels, resolution, size, viewing angle, response time, and brightness are defined. CRTs are described as having advantages like high resolution and wide viewing angles, but also disadvantages like large thickness and weight.
Similar to Model 1 multimedia graphics and animation introduction (1) (20)
PigHive presentation and hive impor.pptxRahul Borate
Pig is a platform for analyzing large datasets that sits on top of Hadoop. It allows users to write scripts in Pig Latin, a language similar to SQL, to transform and analyze their data without needing to write Java code. Pig scripts are compiled into sequences of MapReduce jobs that process data in parallel across a Hadoop cluster. Key features of Pig include data filtering, joining, grouping, and the ability to extend it with custom user-defined functions.
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-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
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2. Outline
• Overview of Computer Graphics
• Computer Graphics Application and Software
• Description of some Graphics Devices
• Input Devices for Operator Interaction
• Active and Passive Graphics Devices
• Display Technologies
• Storage Tube Graphics Displays
• Calligraphic Refresh Graphics Displays
• Raster Refresh Graphic Displays
• Cathode Ray Tube Basics
• Color CRT Raster Scan Basics
• Video Basics
• The Video Controller
• Random Scan Display Processor
• LCD displays
3. Overview Computer Graphics
• What is computer graphics?
• The computer graphics is one of the most effective and
commonly used way to information in form of graphics
object such as pictures, charts, graphs and diagram
instead of simple text.
• Computer graphics is a process of generating,
manipulating, storing and displaying graphics object.
Ex: Such as pictures, charts, graphs, diagrams.
4. Overview Computer Graphics
• Thus we can say that computer graphics makes it
possible to express data in pictorial form.
• In computer graphics objects are presented as a
collection of discrete picture elements.
• Picture Element = Pixel
• The pixel is the smallest screen elements.
5. Overview Computer Graphics
• Graphics should be generated by controlling the pixel.
• The control is achieved by setting the intensity and colour of
the pixel which compose screen.
• The process of determining the appropriate pixels for
representing picture or graphics object is known as
“rasterization”.
• The process of representing continuous picture or graphics
object as a collection of discrete pixels is called “scan
conversion”.
6. Overview Computer Graphics
• What you can do with graphics before displaying it
on screen?
Graphics allows rotation, translation, scaling and
performing various projections before displaying it.
It also allows to add effects such as hidden surface
removal, shading and transparency to the picture.
7. Overview Computer Graphics
• User can edit (modify content, structure or appearance)
graphics object with using keyboard, mouse or touch
sensitive panel on the screen.
• There is close relationship between input devices and
display devices.
• Graphics Devices = Input Devices + Display Devices
8. Overview Computer Graphics
Advantages of computer graphics :
1. High quality graphics displays on PC
1. It provides tools for producing pictures
1. Produce animation using static image with computer graphics
1. Produce 1-D image in 2-D or 3-D using different simulators.
1. Using motion dynamics tool, user can make object stationary and the viewer
moving around them.
1. Using update dynamics, it is possible to change the shape, colour or other
properties of object.
9. Computer Graphics Applications and
Software
• Presentation Graphics
• Entertainment
• Graphics User Interface
• Auto CAD
• Computer Art
• Virtual Reality
• Telemedicine
• Image Processing
• Education
10. 1. Presentation Graphics
• In this application reports are generated on slides or
transparencies.
• It is normally used to summarize financial, statistical,
mathematical, scientific, and economics data for research.
• Graphs and charts can be in 3-D formats to make the
presentation.
14. 3.Graphical User Interface
• Major component of GUI interface is a window manager
that allows a user to display multimedia window areas.
• Interface generally comes with a menu and icons for fast
selection of processing options.
• Icon is a graphics symbol designed to look like a processing
options.
16. 4. Auto CAD
• Use of computer graphics is in design process of
engineering and architecture system.
• Auto cad applications are design to create building,
automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft, textiles and more models.
18. 5. Computer Art
• Computer graphics widely used in fine arts and commercial
applications.
• Artist use a variety of applications like paint packages,
mathematics packages, desktop publishing software and
animation program.
20. 6.Virtual Reality
• Virtual reality provides a very realistic effect using sight and
sound, while allowing the user to interact with the virtual
world.
22. 7. Telemedicine
• In this application physician can consult with one another
using video conferencing capabilities, where all can see the
data and images, it brings together experts from a number of
places in order to provide better care.
• Also used in bio-medical instrument like cardiogram, CT-
Scan reports, X-ray.
24. 8. Image Processing
• Image processing, converts an existing image into digitized
form by converting the image file format.
• Image processing technique is mostly used in commercial
application that can rearrange/modify image in different
format.
26. 9. Education
• A wide range of individual education software with
multimedia.
• It is also used in classroom to enhance the educational
experience and simplify teacher’s work.
• In distance learning, where all students may not be at same
place during a class.
27. Display Devices
• Display devices also known as output devices.
• The most commonly used output devices in a graphics
system is a video monitor.
29. CRT
• CRT
– A CRT is an evacuated glass tube.
– An electron gun at the rear of the tube produces a beam of
electron which is directed towards the front of the tube
(screen) by a high voltage.
– The inner side of the screen is coated with phosphor substance
which gives off light when it is stroked by electron.
– The control grid voltage determines the velocity achieved by
the electrons before they hit the phosphor.
31. CRT
• CRT
– The control grid voltage determines how many electrons are
actually in the electron beam.
– Thus, control grid controls the intensity of spot where the
electron beam is strike the screen.
– The focusing system concentrates the electron beam so that
the beam converges to a small point when it hits the phosphor
coating.
32. CRT
• CRT
– The deflection system of the CRT consists of two pairs of
parallel plates, referred to as the vertical and horizontal
deflection plates.
– The voltage applied to vertical deflection of the electron beam
and voltage applied to the horizontal deflection plates controls
the horizontal deflection of the electron beam.
– There are two techniques used for producing images on the
CRT screen : Random Scan (Vector scan) and Raster Scan.
33. Colour CRT
• Colour CRT
– A CRT monitors displays colour pictures by using a
combination of phosphors that emit different-coloured light. It
generates a range of colours by combining the emitted light
from different phosphors.
– There are two basic techniques used for producing colour
displays:
• Bean-Penetration technique
• Shadow mask technique
34. Colour CRT
• Beam-penetration technique:
– This technique is used with random-scan monitors.
– In this technique, the inside of CRT screen is coated with two
layers of phosphor, usually red and green.
– The displayed colour depends on how far the electron beam
penetrates into the phosphor layers.
– The outer layer is of red phosphor and inner layer is of green
phosphor.
35. Colour CRT
• Beam-penetration technique:
– A beam of slow electrons excites only the outer red layer.
– A beam of very fast electrons penetrates through the red layer and
excites the inner green layer.
– At intermediate beam speeds, combination of red and green light are
emitted and two additional colours, orange and yellow displayed.
– The beam acceleration voltage controls the speed of the electrons
and hence the screen colour at any point on the screen.
36. Colour CRT
• Beam-penetration technique:
– Merits:
• It is inexpensive technique to produce colour in random scan monitors.
– Demerits:
• It can display only four colours
• The quality of picture produced by this technique is not good as
compared to other techniques.
37. Colour CRT
• Shadow Mask Technique:
– The shadow mask technique produces a much wider range of
colours then the beam penetration technique.
– Hence this technique is commonly used in raster-scan displays
including colour TV.
– In a shadow mask technique, CRT has three phosphor colour
dots at each pixel position.
– One phosphor dots emits a red light, another emits green light
and third emits green light.
39. Colour CRT
• Shadow Mask Technique:
– It has three electron guns, one for each colour dot, and a
shadow mask grid just behind the phosphor coated screen.
– The shadow mask grid consists of series of holes aligned with
the phosphor dot pattern.
– Three electron beams are deflected and focused as a group on
to the shadow mask and when they pass through a hole in the
shadow mask, they excite a dot triangle.
40. Colour CRT
• Shadow Mask Technique:
– A dot triangle consists of three small phosphor dots of red,
green and blue colour.
– A dot triangle when activated appears as a small dot on the
screen which has colour of combination of three small dot on
the screen which has colour of combination of three small dots
in the dot triangle.
– By varying the intensity of the three electron beams we can
obtain different colours in the shadow mask CRT.
41. DVST
• DVST:
– DVST stands for direct view storage tube.
– In raster scan display we do refreshing of the screen to
maintain a screen image.
– The DVST give alternate method of maintaining the screen
image.
– A DVST uses the storage grid which stores the picture
information.
43. DVST
• DVST:
– DVST consists of two guns: Primary gun and Flood gun.
– A primary gun stores the picture pattern and the flood gun
maintains the picture display.
– A primary gun produces high speed electrons which strike on
the storage grid to draw the picture pattern.
– Continuous low speed electrons from flood gun pass through
the control grid and attracted to the positive charged areas of
the storage grid.
44. DVST
• DVST:
– The low speed electrons then penetrate the storage grid and
strike the phosphor coating.
– During this process collector behind the storage grid smooth
out the flows of flood electrons.
45. DVST
• DVST:
– Advantages :
• Refreshing of CRT is not required.
• Complex picture can be displayed on high resolution.
• It has flat screen.
– Disadvantages:
• Erasing requires removal of charge on the storage grid.
• Selective or part erasing of screen is not possible.
• The performance of DSTV is poor in compare to CRT.
• Erasing of screen produces flash over the entire screen.
46. Flat Panel Display
• Flat Panel Display:
– The term flat panel display refers to a class of video devices
that have reduced volume, weight and power requirement in
compared to a CRT.
– The important feature of FPD is that they are thinner than
CRTs.
– There are two types of Flat panel display: Emissive display
and Non-emissive display.
47. Flat Panel Display
• Emissive Display:
– They convert electrical energy into light energy. Plasma
panels, thin-film displays, and light emitting diodes are
example of emissive displays.
• Non-emissive Display:
– They use optical effect to convert sunlight or light from some
other source into graphics patterns. Liquid crystal display is an
example of non-emissive display.
48. Plasma Panel Display
• Plasma Panel Display:
– Plasma panel display writes images on the display surface
point by point, each point remains bright.
– This makes the plasma panel functionally very similar to the
DVST.
– It consist of two plates of glass with thin, closely spaced gold
electrodes.
– The electrodes are attached to the inner faces and covered with
a dielectric material.
50. Plasma Panel Display
• Plasma Panel Display:
– These are attached to as a vertical ribbons on one glass plate,
and a set of horizontal ribbons to the other glass plate.
– The space between two glass plates is filled with neon-based
gas and sealed. By applying voltage between the electrodes the
gas within the panel is made to behave as if it were divided
into tiny cells.
– Refreshing is not required in this display.
51. Plasma Panel Display
• Advantages:
– Refreshing is not required.
– Produce very steady image.
– Light weight than CRT
– Allow selective writing and selective erasing.
– Flat screen and is transparent.
• Disadvantages:
– Poor resolution.
– Complex addressing and wiring
– Costly than CRTs.
52. LCD
• Liquid Crystal Display:
– The term liquid crystal refers to the fact that these compounds
have a crystalline arrangement of molecules, yet they flow like
a liquid.
– Two glass plates, each containing a light polarizer at right
angles to the other plate sandwich the liquid-crystal material.
– Rows of horizontal transparent conductors are built into one
glass plate, and columns of vertical conductors are put into the
other plate.
54. LCD
• Liquid Crystal Display:
– The intersection of two conductors defines a pixel position.
– In the ON state, polarized light passing through material is
twisted so that it will pass through the opposite polarizer.
– It is then reflected back to the viewer.
– To turn OFF the pixel, we apply a voltage to the two
intersecting conductors to align the molecules so that light is
not twisted.
56. Raster Scan System
Raster Scan System
• Hardware architecture of raster scan system is shown in figure.
• In addition to the general purpose CPU, a special-purpose
processor, called the video controller or display controller, is
used to control the operation of display device.
57. Raster Scan System
Raster Scan System
• In this architecture , frame buffer not allocated dedicated
memory, System memory and frame buffer share the
common memory area.
• Frame buffer can be anywhere in the system memory.
• Video controller reads the command from frame buffer
and draw pixel accordingly.
58. Raster Scan System
Raster Scan System
Video Controller:
• Figure shows another variation of raster scan system. Dedicated memory area
is allocated to frame buffer.
• Video controller is given direct access to frame buffer.
59. Raster Scan System
Raster Scan System
Video Controller:
• This organization can render scene quickly because video
controller do not have to put request on system bus to read
intensity value from frame buffer.
• In some system origin is set at bottom left location of screen. X
coordinate increases from left to right and Y coordinate increases
from bottom to top.
• In some system, origin is set at top left corner, Y coordinate
increases on moving from top to bottom.
60. Raster Scan System
Raster Scan System
Video Controller:
• Intensity value from frame buffer is retrieved from current (x, y)
location.
• After painting each pixel, x register is incremented by 1 and
process is repeated until x value hit to x max
.
• After processing all pixel on current scan line, content of x
register is set to zero, and y is incremented by 1and video
controller process the scan line in same way.
• Refresh rate is 60 frames/seconds.
• Here in this discussion we assume that the origin is at top left of
the corner of the screen.
62. Raster Scan System
Raster Scan System
Video Controller:
• In high quality system use two frame buffers, so that one buffer
can be used for refreshing while other is being filled.
• Then both buffer switch the role.
• This mechanism is useful in real time animation because it does
not waste time in reloading the buffer.
63. Random Scan System
Random Scan System
• Hardware architecture of random scan system is shown in figure.
• Application program resides in system memory.
64. Random Scan System
Random Scan System
• Application program resides in system memory.
• Graphics packages translates the graphics commands in the
application program into a display file.
• Display file also stored in system memory.
• Display processor accesses the content of display file and display
on monitor screen.
• Display processor retrieves one by one command from display
file and draws it on screen.
65. Random Scan System
Random Scan System
• Display processor in a random scan system is also called
graphics controller.
• In random scan devices renders the scene using short line.
• Electron beam track the line position directly, rather than going
through each and every pixel on screen.
• Entire scene is defined using segment of line in application
program.
66. Random Scan System
Random Scan System
• Line segments are defined by pair of end points.
• A scene is then drawn one line at a time by positioning the beam
to fill in the line between specified endpoints.
67. Differentiate Random Scan & Raster
Scan System
No. Raster Scan System Random scan System
1
Electron beam scans entire
screen to draw a picture
Electron beam scans only the part of
screen where picture information is
present.
2 It has low resolution. It has high resolution in compare to
raster scan.
3
Picture definition is stored as
set of discrete intensity
values in frame buffer.
Picture definition is stored as line
drawing commands in display list.
4 Intensity value is sorted for
each pixel, it displayed
realistic scene.
System is designed to display lines, it
can’t displayed realistic scene.
68. Differentiate Random Scan & Raster
Scan System
No. Raster Scan System Random scan System
6 Cheaper than random scan. More costly.
7 Scan conversion is required. Scan conversion is not required.
8 Video controller is required. Video controller is not required.
9 Used to display dynamic
scene.
Used to display static scene
10 Scan conversion hardware is
required.
Scan conversion hardware is not
required.
11
Refresh rate is independent
of number of objects in
scene.
When number of primitives are too
large, random scan device flickers.
70. Graphics Software and Standards
• Graphics software is classified in two categories:
1. General Programming Packages
2. Special-purpose applications Packages
1. General Programming Package:
They are like a programming languages, they contain rich set
of graphics functions. Such graphics packages allow to draw
some primitives, fill the colors, set the intensity, apply
transformation etc. Open GL, Open CV is the examples of
such packages. They are more of programmer oriented.
71. Graphics Software and Standards
2. Special-purpose applications Package:
By contrast, application graphics packages are designed for
nonprogrammers, so users can create required graphics
without worrying about underlying concepts. The interface to
the graphics routines in such packages allow users to
communicate with the programs in their own terms. Examples
of such application packages are paint, CAD etc.