[OOP - Lec 07] Access Specifiers

Access Specifiers
Muhammad Hammad Waseem

Access Specifiers
• The commands that are used to specify the access level of class
members.
• These are used to enforce restrictions to members of a class.
• There are three access specifiers
• ‘public’ is used to tell that member can be accessed whenever you have
access to the object
• ‘private’ is used to tell that member can only be accessed from a member
function
• ‘protected’ to be discussed when we cover inheritance

Private Access Specifier
• The private access specifier is used to restrict the use of class member
within the class.
• Any member of the class declared with private access specifier can only be
accessed within the class.
• It cannot be accessed from outside the class.
• It is also the default access specifier.
• The data members are normally declared with private access specifier.
• It is because the data of an object is more sensitive.
• The private access specifier is used to protect the data member from direct
access from outside the class.
• These data members can only be used by the functions declared within the
class.

Public Access Specifier
• The public access specifier is used to allow the user to access a class
member within the class as well as outside the class.
• Any member of the class declared with public access specifier can be
accessed from anywhere in the program.
• The members functions are normally declared with public access
specifier.
• It is because the users access functions of an object from outside the class.
• The class cannot be used directly if both data members and member
functions are declared as private.

Example
class Student{
private:
char * name;
int rollNo;
public:
void setName(char *);
void setRollNo(int);
...
};
Cannot be accessed outside class
Can be
accessed
outside class

Example
class Student{
...
int rollNo;
public:
void setRollNo(int aNo);
};
int main(){
Student aStudent;
aStudent.SetRollNo(1);
}

Default Access Specifiers
• When no access specifier is mentioned then by default the member is
considered private member
class Student
{
char * name;
int RollNo;
};
class Student
{
private:
char * name;
int RollNo;
};

Example
class Student
{
char * name;
int RollNo;
void SetName(char *);
};
Student aStudent;
aStudent.SetName(Ali);
Error

Example
class Student
{
char * name;
int RollNo;
public:
void setName(char *);
};
Student aStudent;
aStudent.SetName(“Ali”);

[OOP - Lec 07] Access Specifiers

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[OOP - Lec 07] Access Specifiers