This document defines hypertension and describes its causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Hypertension, also called high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic pressure over 140 mm Hg or diastolic over 90 mm Hg. It has two main types: primary (essential) hypertension which has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition like kidney disease. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and may include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, or calcium channel blockers to lower blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and medication adherence are important for managing the condition and preventing complications like heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic pressure over 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure over 90 mm Hg. It can be primary (essential), caused by unknown factors, or secondary, caused by an underlying condition like kidney disease or Cushing's syndrome. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, inactivity, tobacco use, too much salt, too little potassium or vitamin D, and heavy alcohol use. Symptoms may include headaches or changes in vision, but most cases are asymptomatic. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers to lower
This document discusses hypertension, or high blood pressure. It notes that hypertension affects around 50 million people in the US. The main types are primary hypertension, which has no known cause, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by another disease like kidney disease. Risk factors for hypertension include genetics, family history, obesity, stress, alcohol, sodium, tobacco, and age. Untreated hypertension can lead to heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss. African Americans have a higher risk than other populations. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication, with the goal of controlling blood pressure.
Hypertension
Hypertension. Definition: the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the bleed vessels. Adequate to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest ...
File link: http://www.mccc.edu/~martinl/documents/HTN.ppt
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure). It defines hypertension as persistently raised blood pressure and notes its symptoms can include headaches, vision problems, and chest pain. The pathophysiology of hypertension is complex and involves multiple factors affecting cardiac and vascular systems. Essential (primary) hypertension accounts for 95% of cases and has no identifiable secondary cause, while secondary hypertension is caused by conditions like chronic kidney disease or adrenal gland tumors. New guidelines recommend treating high blood pressure earlier and at lower thresholds to prevent cardiovascular events. Risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, genetics and lifestyle factors. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like following the DASH diet and medication classes like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and calcium
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90, and is considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120.
Hypertension typically develops over the course of several years. Usually, you don’t notice any symptoms. But even without symptoms, high blood pressure can cause damage to your blood vessels and organs, especially the brain, heart, eyes, and kidneys.
Early detection is important. Regular blood pressure readings can help you and your doctor notice any changes. If your blood pressure is elevated, your doctor may have you check your blood pressure over a few weeks to see if the number stays elevated or falls back to normal levels.
Symptoms of severe hypertension can include: headache,
shortness of breath, nosebleeds, flushing, dizziness, chest pain. visual changes, blood in the urine. These symptoms require immediate medical attention. They don’t occur in everyone with hypertension, but waiting for a symptom of this condition to appear could be fatal.
Treatment for hypertension includes both prescription medication and healthy lifestyle changes. If the condition isn’t treated, it could lead to health issues, including heart attack and stroke.
This document summarizes key points about hypertension including:
1. It reviews factors that regulate blood pressure, characteristics of hypertension, and current national treatment recommendations.
2. Hypertension develops when systemic or local mechanisms that control blood pressure become defective, causing blood flow to not overcome vascular resistance.
3. Treatment is initially directed by blood pressure readings, primary and secondary causes, and national guidelines based on properly measured blood pressure readings.
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be chronic or acute, and systolic or diastolic. Treatment involves medications to block neurohormonal activation like ACE inhibitors and beta blockers, as well as diuretics. Prognosis is poor with less than 50% of patients alive after 5 years. Pharmacists can help ensure patients take medications appropriately and avoid those known to exacerbate heart failure.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic pressure over 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure over 90 mm Hg. It can be primary (essential), caused by unknown factors, or secondary, caused by an underlying condition like kidney disease or Cushing's syndrome. Risk factors include age, family history, obesity, inactivity, tobacco use, too much salt, too little potassium or vitamin D, and heavy alcohol use. Symptoms may include headaches or changes in vision, but most cases are asymptomatic. Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and treatment involves lifestyle changes and medications like diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers to lower
This document discusses hypertension, or high blood pressure. It notes that hypertension affects around 50 million people in the US. The main types are primary hypertension, which has no known cause, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by another disease like kidney disease. Risk factors for hypertension include genetics, family history, obesity, stress, alcohol, sodium, tobacco, and age. Untreated hypertension can lead to heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss. African Americans have a higher risk than other populations. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication, with the goal of controlling blood pressure.
Hypertension
Hypertension. Definition: the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the bleed vessels. Adequate to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest ...
File link: http://www.mccc.edu/~martinl/documents/HTN.ppt
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure). It defines hypertension as persistently raised blood pressure and notes its symptoms can include headaches, vision problems, and chest pain. The pathophysiology of hypertension is complex and involves multiple factors affecting cardiac and vascular systems. Essential (primary) hypertension accounts for 95% of cases and has no identifiable secondary cause, while secondary hypertension is caused by conditions like chronic kidney disease or adrenal gland tumors. New guidelines recommend treating high blood pressure earlier and at lower thresholds to prevent cardiovascular events. Risk factors include diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol, genetics and lifestyle factors. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like following the DASH diet and medication classes like diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and calcium
A condition in which the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high.
Usually hypertension is defined as blood pressure above 140/90, and is considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120.
Hypertension typically develops over the course of several years. Usually, you don’t notice any symptoms. But even without symptoms, high blood pressure can cause damage to your blood vessels and organs, especially the brain, heart, eyes, and kidneys.
Early detection is important. Regular blood pressure readings can help you and your doctor notice any changes. If your blood pressure is elevated, your doctor may have you check your blood pressure over a few weeks to see if the number stays elevated or falls back to normal levels.
Symptoms of severe hypertension can include: headache,
shortness of breath, nosebleeds, flushing, dizziness, chest pain. visual changes, blood in the urine. These symptoms require immediate medical attention. They don’t occur in everyone with hypertension, but waiting for a symptom of this condition to appear could be fatal.
Treatment for hypertension includes both prescription medication and healthy lifestyle changes. If the condition isn’t treated, it could lead to health issues, including heart attack and stroke.
This document summarizes key points about hypertension including:
1. It reviews factors that regulate blood pressure, characteristics of hypertension, and current national treatment recommendations.
2. Hypertension develops when systemic or local mechanisms that control blood pressure become defective, causing blood flow to not overcome vascular resistance.
3. Treatment is initially directed by blood pressure readings, primary and secondary causes, and national guidelines based on properly measured blood pressure readings.
Heart failure is a condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It can be chronic or acute, and systolic or diastolic. Treatment involves medications to block neurohormonal activation like ACE inhibitors and beta blockers, as well as diuretics. Prognosis is poor with less than 50% of patients alive after 5 years. Pharmacists can help ensure patients take medications appropriately and avoid those known to exacerbate heart failure.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. It has many risk factors including age, race, family history, being overweight, lack of exercise, tobacco use, too much salt in the diet, too little potassium, heavy drinking, and chronic stress. Hypertension is classified as primary (essential), where the cause is unknown, or secondary, caused by an underlying condition. While often asymptomatic, over time untreated hypertension can lead to heart disease and stroke. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and levels above 130/80 mmHg may indicate elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension, while levels above 140/90 mmHg indicate stage 2 hypertension.
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines hypertension and describes its classification. It also outlines lifestyle modifications and medications that are used to treat hypertension. The goals of treatment are to lower blood pressure and prevent target organ damage to the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes. Nursing care focuses on educating patients, monitoring for side effects, ensuring compliance with treatment, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
The third most common reason for a visit to a family physician and the most frequently observed abnormal finding on annual health exams in people of all age groups- Hypertension.
According to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, 58 million Americans have high blood pressure, or hypertension. Despite multiple theories of mechanism there is no clear understanding of what causes essential hypertension (most common type). It is more common with increasing age and is found in over half the population over 60. It’s more common in men than in women until after menopause and is more prevalent in the black population at all ages. According to American Heart Association (2005), approximately 4 out of 10 African-Americans have high blood pressure (BP) compared to about 3 out of 10 Mexican-Americans and Caucasians.
This document discusses hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. It begins by defining hypertension and noting that it is a major global health issue, including in Bangladesh where approximately 20-40% of adults suffer from it. The document then covers classifications of hypertension, potential causes including lifestyle and genetic factors, common complications affecting organs like the brain, eyes, heart and kidneys, diagnostic evaluations, and management through lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies like diuretics and beta blockers. The goal of treatment is to control blood pressure and prevent complications.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and affects around 50 million people in the US. It occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is too high and can lead to heart disease and stroke over time if not managed. Hypertension is primarily diagnosed through repeated blood pressure readings and treated initially through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and reducing stress and alcohol/tobacco use. If lifestyle changes are insufficient, medication therapy is used, which may include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta blockers, and alpha blockers to help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
This document discusses angina pectoris, also known as stable angina. It defines angina as chest pain or discomfort that occurs due to decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. It then describes the different types of angina and their causes. The main causes are atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, traumatic injury, and embolic events which can all restrict blood flow to the heart. The document outlines the goals of treatment which are to prevent heart attacks and death while reducing angina symptoms. It then discusses the various pharmacological treatments used including nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, ACE inhibitors, and ranolazine. Non-pharmacological options like percutaneous coronary
The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure) including its definition, pathophysiology, symptoms and diagnosis, causes, risk factors, treatment, and alternative treatments. According to the Mayo Clinic, hypertension occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is high enough to potentially cause health problems over time. It can be caused by factors such as age, weight, diet, activity levels, genetics, and underlying medical conditions. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, weight control, and stress management as well as medications if needed.
What is hypertension, Definition of hypertension, Classification of hypertension, pathophysiology of hypertension, Signs and symptoms of hypertension, Risk factors of hypertension, Causes of hypertension, Differential diagnosis of hypertension, Medications of hypertension, Different class of medications for hypertension, Patient education for hypertension
This Will Give Detail Information On HYPERTENSION likes Types, Sign and Symptoms, Causes , Identification Test, Treatment, Drug Use for It .
Plz Share and Give Suggestions for Improvement.
THANK YOU
This document provides an overview of hypertension (high blood pressure) presented by Mohammad Ilyas, M.D. It begins with course policies for the 16 session course on hypertension. It then discusses grading, prevalence of hypertension worldwide and in China, and objectives of the course. The outline presented covers definition, measurement, evaluation, management, and specific types of hypertension. Key topics like what is blood pressure, causes of hypertension, and health risks are explained. Quizzes are also included to test knowledge.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects nearly 1 billion people worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and is poorly controlled in many countries. May 14th is recognized as World Hypertension Day to increase awareness. Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or a diastolic over 90 mmHg. Lifestyle modifications like weight loss, dietary changes, and increased physical activity can help control blood pressure but medication is often required. Treatment goals are to reduce blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg or 130/80 for those with diabetes or kidney disease to lower the risks of complications.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a common disease where blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. It has no symptoms but can damage organs if left untreated. There are two types - primary hypertension which has no identifiable cause and accounts for 90-95% of cases, and secondary hypertension which is caused by other conditions affecting the kidneys, heart or endocrine system. Risk factors include obesity, high salt diet, excess alcohol, stress and caffeine. Treatment involves lifestyle changes as well as medications like diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers to control blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and prevention methods can help reduce the risk of hypertension.
Hypertension is defined as persistent blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. While usually asymptomatic, regular screening is important for detection. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medication to lower blood pressure to under 140/90 mmHg to reduce health risks. Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency characterized by severely high blood pressure that requires urgent treatment and hospitalization.
This document summarizes a study on hypertension prevalence in Pakistan. The study found a high prevalence of hypertension in older patients, which was attributed to lifestyle factors like smoking, an unhealthy diet high in fat, and lack of medical consultation. Literacy rates and health conditions in Pakistan are generally low. Improving education and healthcare access could help lower hypertension rates by promoting healthier behaviors. The document reviews definitions of hypertension, risk factors, prevention methods, and treatment options like lifestyle modifications and medications.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a common condition where blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high. It puts extra strain on the heart and arteries and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease if left untreated. Symptoms of high blood pressure are often nonexistent in the early stages. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like following the DASH diet, exercising regularly, limiting sodium intake, weight control, and reducing stress as well as medication if needed. Keeping blood pressure under control can significantly reduce health risks.
Austin Hypertension is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Hypertension.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Hypertension. Austin Hypertension accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of hypertension.
Austin Hypertension strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its definition, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic over 90 mmHg. It affects over 20% of adults in Bangladesh.
- It has various causes like genetics, obesity, sodium intake, stress, and can be essential (90-95% of cases) or secondary to other medical conditions.
- If left untreated, it can damage organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes, leading to complications like heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
- Diagnosis involves
Systemic hypertension is defined as high blood pressure measured on 3 occasions. It is important to properly measure blood pressure in children using the correct cuff size based on age and arm circumference. Common causes of hypertension in children include primary hypertension, renal disease, vascular abnormalities like coarctation of the aorta, and endocrine disorders. Clinical evaluation involves taking a thorough history and physical examination to identify risk factors and look for signs of end organ damage from high blood pressure.
This document discusses hypertension, including its definition, classification, causes, types (primary and secondary), diagnosis, management through lifestyle changes and medications, complications, and heart failure. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg. Its causes include lifestyle factors like stress, diet, obesity, and genetics. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like diet changes and exercise, as well as medications that lower blood pressure such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. Complications of uncontrolled hypertension include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and cognitive impairment.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is caused by increased cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. It is classified as essential (primary) hypertension which is idiopathic or secondary which has an identifiable cause. Risk factors include family history, race, stress, obesity, sodium intake, alcohol, and tobacco use. Complications affect the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like ECG and bloodwork. Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications and may include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other medications. Nursing care educates on compliance, diet, exercise and monitoring.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. It has many risk factors including age, race, family history, being overweight, lack of exercise, tobacco use, too much salt in the diet, too little potassium, heavy drinking, and chronic stress. Hypertension is classified as primary (essential), where the cause is unknown, or secondary, caused by an underlying condition. While often asymptomatic, over time untreated hypertension can lead to heart disease and stroke. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and levels above 130/80 mmHg may indicate elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension, while levels above 140/90 mmHg indicate stage 2 hypertension.
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines hypertension and describes its classification. It also outlines lifestyle modifications and medications that are used to treat hypertension. The goals of treatment are to lower blood pressure and prevent target organ damage to the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes. Nursing care focuses on educating patients, monitoring for side effects, ensuring compliance with treatment, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
The third most common reason for a visit to a family physician and the most frequently observed abnormal finding on annual health exams in people of all age groups- Hypertension.
According to the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, 58 million Americans have high blood pressure, or hypertension. Despite multiple theories of mechanism there is no clear understanding of what causes essential hypertension (most common type). It is more common with increasing age and is found in over half the population over 60. It’s more common in men than in women until after menopause and is more prevalent in the black population at all ages. According to American Heart Association (2005), approximately 4 out of 10 African-Americans have high blood pressure (BP) compared to about 3 out of 10 Mexican-Americans and Caucasians.
This document discusses hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. It begins by defining hypertension and noting that it is a major global health issue, including in Bangladesh where approximately 20-40% of adults suffer from it. The document then covers classifications of hypertension, potential causes including lifestyle and genetic factors, common complications affecting organs like the brain, eyes, heart and kidneys, diagnostic evaluations, and management through lifestyle modifications and pharmacological therapies like diuretics and beta blockers. The goal of treatment is to control blood pressure and prevent complications.
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and affects around 50 million people in the US. It occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is too high and can lead to heart disease and stroke over time if not managed. Hypertension is primarily diagnosed through repeated blood pressure readings and treated initially through lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and reducing stress and alcohol/tobacco use. If lifestyle changes are insufficient, medication therapy is used, which may include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta blockers, and alpha blockers to help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
This document discusses angina pectoris, also known as stable angina. It defines angina as chest pain or discomfort that occurs due to decreased blood flow to the heart muscle. It then describes the different types of angina and their causes. The main causes are atherosclerosis, coronary artery spasm, traumatic injury, and embolic events which can all restrict blood flow to the heart. The document outlines the goals of treatment which are to prevent heart attacks and death while reducing angina symptoms. It then discusses the various pharmacological treatments used including nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, ACE inhibitors, and ranolazine. Non-pharmacological options like percutaneous coronary
The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure) including its definition, pathophysiology, symptoms and diagnosis, causes, risk factors, treatment, and alternative treatments. According to the Mayo Clinic, hypertension occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is high enough to potentially cause health problems over time. It can be caused by factors such as age, weight, diet, activity levels, genetics, and underlying medical conditions. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, weight control, and stress management as well as medications if needed.
What is hypertension, Definition of hypertension, Classification of hypertension, pathophysiology of hypertension, Signs and symptoms of hypertension, Risk factors of hypertension, Causes of hypertension, Differential diagnosis of hypertension, Medications of hypertension, Different class of medications for hypertension, Patient education for hypertension
This Will Give Detail Information On HYPERTENSION likes Types, Sign and Symptoms, Causes , Identification Test, Treatment, Drug Use for It .
Plz Share and Give Suggestions for Improvement.
THANK YOU
This document provides an overview of hypertension (high blood pressure) presented by Mohammad Ilyas, M.D. It begins with course policies for the 16 session course on hypertension. It then discusses grading, prevalence of hypertension worldwide and in China, and objectives of the course. The outline presented covers definition, measurement, evaluation, management, and specific types of hypertension. Key topics like what is blood pressure, causes of hypertension, and health risks are explained. Quizzes are also included to test knowledge.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, affects nearly 1 billion people worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and is poorly controlled in many countries. May 14th is recognized as World Hypertension Day to increase awareness. Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or a diastolic over 90 mmHg. Lifestyle modifications like weight loss, dietary changes, and increased physical activity can help control blood pressure but medication is often required. Treatment goals are to reduce blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg or 130/80 for those with diabetes or kidney disease to lower the risks of complications.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a common disease where blood pressure in the arteries is elevated. It has no symptoms but can damage organs if left untreated. There are two types - primary hypertension which has no identifiable cause and accounts for 90-95% of cases, and secondary hypertension which is caused by other conditions affecting the kidneys, heart or endocrine system. Risk factors include obesity, high salt diet, excess alcohol, stress and caffeine. Treatment involves lifestyle changes as well as medications like diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers to control blood pressure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and prevention methods can help reduce the risk of hypertension.
Hypertension is defined as persistent blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. While usually asymptomatic, regular screening is important for detection. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medication to lower blood pressure to under 140/90 mmHg to reduce health risks. Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency characterized by severely high blood pressure that requires urgent treatment and hospitalization.
This document summarizes a study on hypertension prevalence in Pakistan. The study found a high prevalence of hypertension in older patients, which was attributed to lifestyle factors like smoking, an unhealthy diet high in fat, and lack of medical consultation. Literacy rates and health conditions in Pakistan are generally low. Improving education and healthcare access could help lower hypertension rates by promoting healthier behaviors. The document reviews definitions of hypertension, risk factors, prevention methods, and treatment options like lifestyle modifications and medications.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a common condition where blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high. It puts extra strain on the heart and arteries and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease if left untreated. Symptoms of high blood pressure are often nonexistent in the early stages. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like following the DASH diet, exercising regularly, limiting sodium intake, weight control, and reducing stress as well as medication if needed. Keeping blood pressure under control can significantly reduce health risks.
Austin Hypertension is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Hypertension.
The journal aims to promote research communications and provide a forum for doctors, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals to find most recent advances in all areas of Hypertension. Austin Hypertension accepts original research articles, reviews, mini reviews, case reports and rapid communication covering all aspects of hypertension.
Austin Hypertension strongly supports the scientific up gradation and fortification in related scientific research community by enhancing access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin Publishing Group also brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
The document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its definition, causes, risk factors, complications, diagnosis, and management. Some key points:
- Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or diastolic over 90 mmHg. It affects over 20% of adults in Bangladesh.
- It has various causes like genetics, obesity, sodium intake, stress, and can be essential (90-95% of cases) or secondary to other medical conditions.
- If left untreated, it can damage organs like the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes, leading to complications like heart attack, stroke, kidney disease, and vision loss.
- Diagnosis involves
Systemic hypertension is defined as high blood pressure measured on 3 occasions. It is important to properly measure blood pressure in children using the correct cuff size based on age and arm circumference. Common causes of hypertension in children include primary hypertension, renal disease, vascular abnormalities like coarctation of the aorta, and endocrine disorders. Clinical evaluation involves taking a thorough history and physical examination to identify risk factors and look for signs of end organ damage from high blood pressure.
This document discusses hypertension, including its definition, classification, causes, types (primary and secondary), diagnosis, management through lifestyle changes and medications, complications, and heart failure. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg. Its causes include lifestyle factors like stress, diet, obesity, and genetics. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like diet changes and exercise, as well as medications that lower blood pressure such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. Complications of uncontrolled hypertension include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and cognitive impairment.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is caused by increased cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. It is classified as essential (primary) hypertension which is idiopathic or secondary which has an identifiable cause. Risk factors include family history, race, stress, obesity, sodium intake, alcohol, and tobacco use. Complications affect the heart, brain, kidneys and eyes. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, and tests like ECG and bloodwork. Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications and may include diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other medications. Nursing care educates on compliance, diet, exercise and monitoring.
The document discusses the role of clinical pharmacists in treating hypertension. It begins with definitions of hypertension and discusses diagnosing and assessing hypertension through medical history, lab tests, and monitoring blood pressure levels. It then covers lifestyle changes, medications, and the roles of clinical pharmacists in managing drug therapy, counseling patients, and working with physicians and nurses to optimize treatment of hypertension. The clinical pharmacist aims to prevent medication-related problems and optimize patient outcomes through their expertise in pharmacotherapy.
Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, which is a blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or above. There are two types - primary hypertension, where no cause is identified, and secondary hypertension caused by an underlying condition like kidney or heart disease. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, excess salt, obesity and stress. Untreated high blood pressure can damage blood vessels and organs over time, leading to risks of heart attack, stroke and kidney disease. Management involves lifestyle changes as well as medications that lower blood pressure by various mechanisms like diuretics, ACE inhibitors and renin inhibitors.
This document discusses guidelines for classifying and managing hypertension. It defines classifications of normal, prehypertension, and stages 1 and 2 hypertension based on systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. It outlines an algorithm for treating hypertension that begins with lifestyle modifications and progresses to adding different classes of drug therapies to reach blood pressure goals. Special considerations are discussed for various patient populations like children, women, and older adults.
Hypertention presentation by dhanya v thilakamThilakam Dhanya
The document discusses hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure over 90 mm Hg. The document outlines the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and goals of treatment for hypertension, which includes preventing complications through maintaining blood pressure below 140/90 mm Hg. Lifestyle modifications like diet changes, weight loss, reduced sodium and alcohol intake, and exercise are effective non-pharmacological ways to treat hypertension.
This presentation serves as a valuable resource for in-depth exploration of hypertension, a critical medical condition. It is meticulously organized to provide a holistic understanding of this topic, covering crucial components such as its definition, introduction, etiology, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
Hypertension, often referred to as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated blood pressure levels within the arteries. The presentation begins with a clear definition, establishing the fundamental concept and context for the ensuing discussion.
An introductory section provides a concise background, emphasizing the significance of hypertension in healthcare and its widespread prevalence, setting the stage for a deeper examination.
Etiology explores the various factors contributing to the development of hypertension, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and underlying medical conditions. Understanding these root causes is vital for effective management and prevention.
Signs and symptoms highlight the clinical manifestations of hypertension, underscoring the importance of early detection and intervention.
Pathophysiology delves into the mechanisms underlying the condition, elucidating how the cardiovascular system is affected and the consequences of sustained high blood pressure.
Diagnosis elucidates the methods and criteria used by healthcare professionals to identify and classify hypertension, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment.
Treatment options encompass lifestyle modifications, medications, and therapeutic approaches, emphasizing a holistic approach to manage and control hypertension.
This well-structured presentation ensures that learners and professionals have access to comprehensive study materials on hypertension, empowering them with the knowledge required to effectively address this critical health issue.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a medical condition defined as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. It is often asymptomatic but can lead to serious health issues like heart disease or stroke if left untreated. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like reducing salt intake, exercise, and weight loss. Medications may also be prescribed depending on severity, such as ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, or diuretics. For hypertensive emergencies with very high blood pressure, intravenous drugs are used to rapidly lower the pressure.
A presentation hypertension
(what blood pressure is, what is hypertension, what are the risk factors of hypertension, how is it managed?) and other related knowledge on hypertension
Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure caused by an underlying medical condition that affects the kidneys, heart, blood vessels or endocrine system. It differs from primary hypertension which has no clear cause. Proper treatment of the underlying condition can control both secondary hypertension and reduce risks of complications like heart disease, kidney failure and stroke. Some common causes of secondary hypertension include kidney disease, Cushing's syndrome, pheochromocytoma, thyroid problems and obstructive sleep apnea.
Essential hypertension management and treatmentFabio Grubba
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure), including its classification, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It defines the different stages of hypertension according to blood pressure readings. Lifestyle modifications are recommended initially, including diet changes and exercise. If lifestyle changes do not control blood pressure, medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, and other drug classes may be used. The goal of treatment is to prevent complications in target organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys by maintaining a blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg.
1) Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. It represents the force exerted by blood on blood vessel walls.
2) Blood pressure is measured by systolic pressure when the heart contracts and diastolic pressure when the heart is at rest between beats.
3) High blood pressure, or hypertension, is classified according to levels of systolic and diastolic pressure. The majority of high blood pressure cases are primary (essential) hypertension which develops gradually over many years without an identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension can be caused by underlying conditions.
Hypertension is high blood pressure that can lead to severe heart and other health problems if left untreated. It is often asymptomatic until advanced stages. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes like exercise and diet or medications to lower blood pressure. While those with hypertension can usually exercise moderately, untreated hypertension can impair exercise ability. Managing hypertension is important for reducing health risks in older adults.
Hypertension is high blood pressure that can lead to severe heart and other health problems if left untreated. It is often asymptomatic until advanced stages. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes like exercise and diet or medications to lower blood pressure. While those with hypertension can usually exercise moderately, untreated hypertension can impair exercise ability. Managing hypertension is important for reducing health risks in older adults.
Hypertension is high blood pressure that can lead to severe heart and other health problems if left untreated. It is often asymptomatic until advanced stages. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes like exercise and diet or medications to lower blood pressure. While those with hypertension can usually exercise moderately, untreated hypertension can impair exercise ability. Managing hypertension is important for reducing health risks in older adults.
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure) and its management through diet and lifestyle changes or medications. It defines hypertension and classifies it by severity. It describes secondary causes of hypertension like kidney disease or tumors and essential (primary) hypertension which is idiopathic. Uncontrolled hypertension can damage organs over time. Management includes weight loss, reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium/calcium/magnesium, reducing alcohol and managing stress. For mild cases, lifestyle changes may control blood pressure but medications are often needed if goals are not met. Early treatment can reduce heart disease and stroke risks.
This document discusses hypertension (high blood pressure). It covers the history of hypertension diagnosis and treatment. It defines hypertension as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mm Hg or diastolic over 90 mm Hg. The document classifies hypertension and discusses risk factors, pathogenesis, symptoms, investigations, management guidelines, hypertensive emergencies/urgencies, complications like left ventricular hypertrophy, and drug treatments.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on hypertension given by two nursing students. It began with an outline and objectives. The students then defined hypertension and discussed blood pressure classifications. They explained determinants of blood pressure and risk factors for primary hypertension. Clinical manifestations, complications, and types of hypertension such as primary, secondary, and hypertensive crisis were summarized. The students concluded by discussing diagnostic evaluation, management through lifestyle modifications and pharmacological treatments, and the stepwise algorithm for hypertension management.
Understanding Atherosclerosis Causes, Symptoms, Complications, and Preventionrealmbeats0
Definition: Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques, which are made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, in the walls of arteries. Over time, these plaques harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow.
Importance: This condition is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial for preventing these serious health issues.
Overview: We will cover the aims and objectives of this presentation, delve into the signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis, discuss its complications, and explore preventive measures and lifestyle changes that can mitigate risk.
Aim: To provide a detailed understanding of atherosclerosis, encompassing its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and strategies for prevention and management.
Purpose: The primary purpose of this presentation is to raise awareness about atherosclerosis, highlight its impact on public health, and educate individuals on how they can reduce their risk through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Educational Goals:
Explain the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, including the processes of plaque formation and arterial hardening.
Identify the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle.
Discuss the clinical signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of atherosclerosis.
Highlight the potential complications arising from untreated atherosclerosis, including heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
Provide practical advice on preventive measures, including dietary recommendations, exercise guidelines, and the importance of regular medical check-ups.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Part III - Cumulative Grief: Learning how to honor the many losses that occur...bkling
Cumulative grief, also known as compounded grief, is grief that occurs more than once in a brief period of time. As a person with cancer, a caregiver or professional in this world, we are often met with confronting grief on a frequent basis. Learn about cumulative grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
Allopurinol, a uric acid synthesis inhibitor acts by inhibiting Xanthine oxidase competitively as well as non- competitively, Whereas Oxypurinol is a non-competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Nutritional deficiency Disorder are problems in india.
It is very important to learn about Indian child's nutritional parameters as well the Disease related to alteration in their Nutrition.
Phosphorus, is intensely sensitive to ‘other worlds’ and lacks the personal boundaries at every level. A Phosphorus personality is susceptible to all external impressions; light, sound, odour, touch, electrical changes, etc. Just like a match, he is easily excitable, anxious, fears being alone at twilight, ghosts, about future. Desires sympathy and has the tendency to kiss everyone who comes near him. An insane person with the exaggerated idea of one’s own importance.
A congenital heart defect is a problem with the structure of the heart that a child is born with.
Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and don't need treatment. Others are more complex. The child may need several surgeries done over a period of several years.
Storyboard on Acne-Innovative Learning-M. pharm. (2nd sem.) CosmeticsMuskanShingari
Acne is a common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. It typically manifests as pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads, often on the face, chest, shoulders, or back. Acne can range from mild to severe and may cause emotional distress and scarring in some cases.
**Causes:**
1. **Excess Oil Production:** Hormonal changes during adolescence or certain times in adulthood can increase sebum (oil) production, leading to clogged pores.
2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
4. **Genetics:** A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
**Types of Acne:**
- **Whiteheads:** Closed plugged pores.
- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
- **Papules:** Small red, tender bumps.
- **Pustules:** Pimples with pus at their tips.
- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
**Treatment:**
Treatment depends on the severity and type of acne but may include:
- **Topical Treatments:** Such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids to reduce bacteria and unclog pores.
- **Oral Medications:** Antibiotics or oral contraceptives for hormonal acne.
- **Procedures:** Such as chemical peels, extraction of comedones, or light therapy for more severe cases.
**Prevention and Management:**
- **Cleanse:** Regularly wash skin with a gentle cleanser.
- **Moisturize:** Use non-comedogenic moisturizers to keep skin hydrated without clogging pores.
- **Avoid Irritants:** Such as harsh cosmetics or excessive scrubbing.
- **Sun Protection:** Use sunscreen to prevent exacerbation of acne scars and inflammation.
Acne treatment can take time, and consistency in skincare routines and treatments is crucial. Consulting a dermatologist can help tailor a treatment plan that suits individual needs and reduces the risk of scarring or long-term skin damage.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand name Allegra.
It is a selective peripheral H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
2. Definition
Abnormally high arterial blood pressure that is usually indicated by an
adult systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or greater or a diastolic
blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or greater, is chiefly of unknown cause but
may be attributable to a pre-existing condition (as a renal or endocrine
disorder),
3. Types of Hypertension
1.Primary
Chronic high blood pressure without a source or associated with any other disease.
Most common form of hypertension.
2. Secondary
Elevation of blood pressure associated with another disease
such as kidney disease, OSA, pheochromocytoma, and hyperthyroidism.
4. Causes
Genetics-some people are prone to hypertension simply based of their genetic
makeup
Family History- your risk for high blood pressure/hypertension increases if it is in
your family history
Environment
Inactivity
Stress
Obesity
Alcohol
High Sodium Diet
Tobacco Use
6. Further Complications of High Blood Pressure
Thickening of the heart muscle
Increased workload of the heart
May lead to other conditions such as
Heart attack
Stroke
Renal (Kidney) Failure
Loss of vision
10. Mechanism
Disturbance in the CNS , autonomic nerve fiber's, adrenergic receptors or
baroreceptors.
Abnormalities in renal or tissue auto regulatory process for sodium excretion ,
plasma volume, and arteriolar constriction.
Deficiency in synthesis of vasodilating substances in vascular endothelium
(prostacyclin ,bradykinin , and nitric oxide)or excess vasoconstricting substances
(angiotensin-ii, endothelin-i).
High sodium intake or lack of dietary calcium.
11. Treatments
Non-Pharmacological treatment
Lifestyle modifications
Diet and exercise
Limit alcohol and tobacco use
Reduce stress factors
Low sodium intake
reduce dietary food
13. Drug therapy
Thiazide-type Diuretics
Inhibit NaCl reabsorption
Side effects:
Electrolyte imbalances: ↓ Na, ↓ Cl, ↓ K** (advise K rich foods)
Fluid volume depletion (monitor for orthostatic hypotension)
Impotence,
decreased libido
14. Drug therapy
Adrenergic Inhibitors
Reduce sympathetic effects that cause HTN by:
Reducing sympathetic outflow
Blocking effects of sympathetic activity on vessels
Side effects
Hypotension
Varied, depending on specific drug
16. Drug therapy
ACE Inhibitors (suffix “pril)
Enalapril, captopril
Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, thereby preventing the
vasoconstriction associate with A II.
Side effects
Hypotension, cough
17. Drug therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers
Block movement of calcium into cells, causing vasodilation
Example-amlodipine,diltiazem,felodipine
Side effects
Brdaycardia, heart block
18. Diagnosis
Measuring blood pressure regularly
Electrocardiogram
A test that measures the electrical activity, rate, and rhythm of your heartbeat via
electrodes attached to your arms, legs, and chest. The results are recorded on graph paper.
Echocardiogram
This is a test that uses ultrasound waves to provide pictures of the heart's valves and
chambers so the pumping action of the heart can be studied and measurement of the
chambers and wall thickness of the heart can be made.
20. Prevention
Lifestyle changes
Having regular checkups with your physician
Education
Being aware of your blood pressure and where it should be
Understanding your personal risk factors
Engaging in community health awareness acitivities
21. Living With High Blood Pressure
Living with High Blood Pressure requires a lot of lifestyle changes
Diet
Exercise
Taking prescribed medications as required by your doctor.
Recognize it is an ongoing process which requires regular.
checkups, taking medication regularly and checking blood pressure regularly
Recognizing there can be complications with pregnancy while living with high blood
pressure.
Damage to kidneys and other organs in mother and fetus
Low birth weight
Preeclampsia
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