This presentation was made to have an elaborate sense of fabric spreading. Different types of fabric spreading and the pros and cons of different fabric spreading is illustrated into the presentation.
The document discusses various aspects of fabric spreading including types of spreads, spreading methods, quality considerations, and equipment used. It describes manual spreading using two people versus semi-automatic spreading carriages. Automatic spreaders can load fabric rolls, control tension, and cut fabric ends automatically. Quality depends on defects, tension, flatness, ply alignment, and static electricity. Setup involves preparing orders, tables, and machines. Spreading surfaces include pin tables, vacuum tables, and air flotation tables. Control devices manage tension while positioning devices monitor alignment. End treatment devices catch or cut fabric at the ends.
This document discusses fusing, which is the process of bonding two fabrics together using heat and pressure. It describes how thermoplastic resins applied to a base fabric are activated by heat in a press, allowing the resin to flow and bond the fabrics. The document outlines different base materials, resins, coating methods, and fusing equipment. It also discusses techniques like single, reverse, sandwich and double fusing. Potential problems with fusible interlinings are noted. Popular brands of fusing machines and materials are listed.
The document discusses different types of fabric packaging and spreading methods. It describes 5 types of piece goods packaging: 1) open face rolled, 2) tubular knitted fabric rolled, 3) folded fabric rolled, 4) folded fabrics, and 5) velvet-hanging. It also discusses various methods of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automated spreading. Key aspects of spreading like fabric lays, splicing, and types of spreading tables including pin tables, air floatation tables, turntable tables, and vacuum tables are summarized. Quality requirements for defect-free spreading such as ply alignment, tension, and elimination of static electricity are also covered.
The document discusses marker making for garment production. It describes both manual and computerized methods of marker making. In the manual method, an efficient marker maker plans the placement of pattern pieces on marker paper to minimize fabric waste. The computerized method involves entering production patterns into a computer which then assists in arranging the patterns to maximize efficiency. The document outlines key steps and considerations in both methods to optimize marker efficiency and reduce fabric waste.
This document discusses yarn count and its measurement. It defines yarn count as the numerical expression of the coarseness or fineness of yarn. There are several systems used to express yarn count, including indirect, direct, and universal systems. The most common systems are the indirect system used for cotton, wool, and linen, where higher count means finer yarn, and the direct system used for jute and silk, where higher count means coarser yarn. The universal Tex system introduced by ISO is a direct system where count indicates the weight in grams of 1000 meters of yarn. There are several instruments that can be used to measure yarn count, including quadrant balances, Knowles balances, and measuring drums for
This document discusses different types of seams used in garment construction. It begins by defining a seam as the place where two pieces of fabric are joined together with stitches. It then provides details on 7 common types of seams - superimposed seam, lapped seam, bound seam, flat seam, decorative seam, edge neatening seam, and a seam similar to a lapped seam. For each seam type, it provides a definition and examples of typical usages. It concludes by discussing best practices for seams and factors that can affect the appearance of a seam.
The document discusses various aspects of fabric spreading including types of spreads, spreading methods, quality considerations, and equipment used. It describes manual spreading using two people versus semi-automatic spreading carriages. Automatic spreaders can load fabric rolls, control tension, and cut fabric ends automatically. Quality depends on defects, tension, flatness, ply alignment, and static electricity. Setup involves preparing orders, tables, and machines. Spreading surfaces include pin tables, vacuum tables, and air flotation tables. Control devices manage tension while positioning devices monitor alignment. End treatment devices catch or cut fabric at the ends.
This document discusses fusing, which is the process of bonding two fabrics together using heat and pressure. It describes how thermoplastic resins applied to a base fabric are activated by heat in a press, allowing the resin to flow and bond the fabrics. The document outlines different base materials, resins, coating methods, and fusing equipment. It also discusses techniques like single, reverse, sandwich and double fusing. Potential problems with fusible interlinings are noted. Popular brands of fusing machines and materials are listed.
The document discusses different types of fabric packaging and spreading methods. It describes 5 types of piece goods packaging: 1) open face rolled, 2) tubular knitted fabric rolled, 3) folded fabric rolled, 4) folded fabrics, and 5) velvet-hanging. It also discusses various methods of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automated spreading. Key aspects of spreading like fabric lays, splicing, and types of spreading tables including pin tables, air floatation tables, turntable tables, and vacuum tables are summarized. Quality requirements for defect-free spreading such as ply alignment, tension, and elimination of static electricity are also covered.
The document discusses marker making for garment production. It describes both manual and computerized methods of marker making. In the manual method, an efficient marker maker plans the placement of pattern pieces on marker paper to minimize fabric waste. The computerized method involves entering production patterns into a computer which then assists in arranging the patterns to maximize efficiency. The document outlines key steps and considerations in both methods to optimize marker efficiency and reduce fabric waste.
This document discusses yarn count and its measurement. It defines yarn count as the numerical expression of the coarseness or fineness of yarn. There are several systems used to express yarn count, including indirect, direct, and universal systems. The most common systems are the indirect system used for cotton, wool, and linen, where higher count means finer yarn, and the direct system used for jute and silk, where higher count means coarser yarn. The universal Tex system introduced by ISO is a direct system where count indicates the weight in grams of 1000 meters of yarn. There are several instruments that can be used to measure yarn count, including quadrant balances, Knowles balances, and measuring drums for
This document discusses different types of seams used in garment construction. It begins by defining a seam as the place where two pieces of fabric are joined together with stitches. It then provides details on 7 common types of seams - superimposed seam, lapped seam, bound seam, flat seam, decorative seam, edge neatening seam, and a seam similar to a lapped seam. For each seam type, it provides a definition and examples of typical usages. It concludes by discussing best practices for seams and factors that can affect the appearance of a seam.
Seam slippage is when a sewn seam opens under load and some of the opening remains even after the load is removed. It can be caused by loosely woven fabric, not using enough stitches per inch, poor stitch balance, or having too narrow of a seam margin. When two pieces of fabric are pulled at right angles to the seam, it can reveal a gap between the pieces called a seam grin, showing the thread in the gap. Proper testing can identify issues with seam slippage.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
Pattern grading is the process of adjusting a base size pattern to create additional sizes. This can be done manually or digitally. There are three main grading methods: cut and spread, pattern shifting, and computer grading. Grading determines how garments will fit across different sizes and allows targeting a range of customers. It involves systematically increasing or decreasing key measurements according to established grading rules. Proper grading is essential for effective apparel manufacturing.
The document discusses cutting in the garments industry. It covers the cutting process, requirements for accurate cutting, different cutting methods including manual and computerized, and various cutting machines used such as straight knife cutters, round knife cutters, and band knife cutters. It also discusses quality control processes for the cutting section to ensure accurate cutting of garment pieces.
stiffness,Handle,Drape properties of fabric ,Fabric property TTQC-2AtiqFaysal
This presentation discusses the stiffness, handle, and drape properties of fabrics. It will cover stiffness and how it is tested using machines like the Shirley Stiffness tester. It will also discuss fabric handle properties, the factors that influence handle, and how to measure drape properties using a drape tester to determine the drape coefficient. Relevant apparatus and testing procedures will be explained.
Interlock fabrics are a variation of rib knit construction where both sides of the fabric look identical due to a double knit construction. Interlock fabrics have identical appearances on the front and rear surfaces, making them double-sided. They are tightly knitted, giving a smooth surface and firm feel. Interlock fabrics have advanced dimensional stability and can stretch more in the lengthwise direction than widthwise. They provide better heat insulation than single knit fabrics due to an insulating layer of air between the front and rear surfaces.
FAST is a fabric testing system developed by CSIRO in Australia. It consists of four instruments (FAST 1-3) and one test (FAST 4) to predict how fabrics will perform when made into garments. The instruments measure properties like thickness, bending, extension, and stability. Results are plotted to create a "fabric fingerprint" showing suitability for intended use. Unlike other systems, FAST is cheaper, simpler, and better for industrial use.
This presentation discusses different types of seams, including 8 seam classes. It begins by defining a seam as the line where fabric layers are joined, which can be done through sewing or other methods. Key points include:
- Seam classes include superimposed, lapped, bound, flat, decorative, edge finishing, applied, and other seams.
- Different seam types are used for functional or aesthetic purposes and are defined by factors like strength, elasticity, durability, and comfort levels.
- Seam quality is measured by parameters such as size, slippage strength, and strength to break the seam or materials.
- Examples are given of common seam types like superimposed and lapped
This document contains information about woven fabrics submitted by students Amit Biswas, Md. Ahasan Habib, and Tahmina Hossain Bristy to their lecturer Mr. Suja Ahmed Auporbo. It defines woven fabric as being made from two sets of warp and weft yarns interlaced at right angles. Woven fabrics are classified as having either a simple or compound structure. Simple structures use one set of parallel warp and weft yarns, while compound structures use more than one set of yarns including some for ornamental purposes. The document also describes and provides examples of various basic woven structures including plain weave, twill weave, satin weave
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Sewing threads are engineered yarns designed to pass through sewing machines without breaking. They are produced from fibers like cotton, polyester, nylon, silk, and linen. Thread construction involves twisting fibers or filaments together, with the amount of twist and direction of twist affecting the thread's strength and performance. Different thread types are suitable for various fabrics and purposes, such as cotton for breathability and polyester for durability. Thread finishes further enhance qualities like strength and abrasion resistance. Good sewing threads sew easily, make durable seams, and in the case of decorative threads, are aesthetically pleasing.
Three kinds of marker modes popular in the spreading and cutting departments of the garment industry are utilized to prepare smaller markers of a selected garment, the marker efficiency of each marker-replica is calculated.
Weft knitting machine & parameters of weft knitted fabricAzmir Latif Beg
Knitting is the interloping of yarn which is interlocking in various ways to form fabric. Knitting is the process of manufacturing fabric by transforming continuous strands of yarn into a series of interlocking loops, each row of such loops hanging from the one immediately preceding it. The basic element of knit fabric structure is the loop intermeshed with the loop adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it.
This document provides information about garment manufacturing and exporting processes. It was prepared by Md. Kamrul Hasan, a Textile Engineering graduate from Southeast University in Bangladesh. The document contains several sections that discuss key topics like buyers and buying houses, major garment exporting countries, GSP status, garment export procedures, costing, purchase orders, letters of credit, and timelines. It aims to serve as a reference for students and professionals in the garments sector.
The document provides information to calculate the costs for cutting a ladies popover tunic, including fabric consumption, labor costs, and total costs. It details the order specifications, marker and spreading plans for two fabrics, calculates ply and marker lengths, and determines the total time and labor cost needed. The total fabric consumption was calculated as 25,349.99 meters for navy fabric at Rs. 100/meter and 7800 meters for coral fabric at Rs. 120/meter, for a total fabric cost of Rs. 34,70,999. The total time was estimated as 106.46 hours at a labor cost of Rs. 30/hour, amounting to Rs. 3193.8 for labor. The concluding total cost for
The document describes an overlock machine, which is a specialized sewing machine used to finish fabric edges and seams. It can produce stitches at speeds up to 5000 stitches per minute. The overlock machine makes stitches using 1-5 threads depending on the number of needles and loopers. Common stitch types include 3-thread, 4-thread, and 5-thread overlocks. Key features of the overlock machine include its differential feed system and ability to stretch stitching up to 300%. Problems with thread chains are addressed through the use of a backlatcher or chain cutting device.
Textile testing is an important part of the textile production process. It involves determining various properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics to ensure quality standards are met. The objectives of textile testing include selecting raw materials, controlling manufacturing processes, ensuring quality of finished products, and facilitating research and product development. There are different types of textile testing for fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Test methods are established by various standards organizations and influence factors like sampling methods, atmospheric conditions, equipment used, and technician skill.
Garment manufacturing is an assembly- oriented activity with a great range of raw materials, product types, production volumes, supply chains, retail markets and associated technologies.
Companies range from small family business to multinationals.
The clothing industry is labour intensive industry.
Configuration of spreading systems used in apparel industry textile learnerifty111013003
This document discusses the configuration of spreading systems used in the apparel industry. It describes the different types of fabric spreading including flat and stepped spreads. It discusses factors that affect spreading quality like ply alignment, tension, and damage placement. The document outlines different spreading modes like face-to-face and face-one-way spreading depending on fabric characteristics. It also describes the objectives and general process of fabric spreading in apparel production.
Fabric spreading is a process that lays out fabric plies to the required length and width for cutting. There are two main types of spreading: flat, where all plies are the same length, and stepped, where plies are arranged in steps of decreasing length. Fabric can be spread manually using hands or hooks, or mechanically using semi-automatic or fully automatic machines. The process must ensure plies are flat, tensioned correctly, and flaws are removed to prepare fabric for accurate cutting in bulk. Splices are used to join fabric when faults are found, and come in straight line or interlocked styles.
Seam slippage is when a sewn seam opens under load and some of the opening remains even after the load is removed. It can be caused by loosely woven fabric, not using enough stitches per inch, poor stitch balance, or having too narrow of a seam margin. When two pieces of fabric are pulled at right angles to the seam, it can reveal a gap between the pieces called a seam grin, showing the thread in the gap. Proper testing can identify issues with seam slippage.
This document is an assignment submission for a course on testing textiles. It describes an experiment conducted on a Yarn Lea Strength Tester to determine the strength of a cotton yarn sample. The experiment found that the yarn strength was 79.32 lbs/lea and the Count Strength Product (CSP) was 2379.6. Since the CSP was greater than the standard of 2200, the document concludes that the yarn sample had good strength fibers.
Pattern grading is the process of adjusting a base size pattern to create additional sizes. This can be done manually or digitally. There are three main grading methods: cut and spread, pattern shifting, and computer grading. Grading determines how garments will fit across different sizes and allows targeting a range of customers. It involves systematically increasing or decreasing key measurements according to established grading rules. Proper grading is essential for effective apparel manufacturing.
The document discusses cutting in the garments industry. It covers the cutting process, requirements for accurate cutting, different cutting methods including manual and computerized, and various cutting machines used such as straight knife cutters, round knife cutters, and band knife cutters. It also discusses quality control processes for the cutting section to ensure accurate cutting of garment pieces.
stiffness,Handle,Drape properties of fabric ,Fabric property TTQC-2AtiqFaysal
This presentation discusses the stiffness, handle, and drape properties of fabrics. It will cover stiffness and how it is tested using machines like the Shirley Stiffness tester. It will also discuss fabric handle properties, the factors that influence handle, and how to measure drape properties using a drape tester to determine the drape coefficient. Relevant apparatus and testing procedures will be explained.
Interlock fabrics are a variation of rib knit construction where both sides of the fabric look identical due to a double knit construction. Interlock fabrics have identical appearances on the front and rear surfaces, making them double-sided. They are tightly knitted, giving a smooth surface and firm feel. Interlock fabrics have advanced dimensional stability and can stretch more in the lengthwise direction than widthwise. They provide better heat insulation than single knit fabrics due to an insulating layer of air between the front and rear surfaces.
FAST is a fabric testing system developed by CSIRO in Australia. It consists of four instruments (FAST 1-3) and one test (FAST 4) to predict how fabrics will perform when made into garments. The instruments measure properties like thickness, bending, extension, and stability. Results are plotted to create a "fabric fingerprint" showing suitability for intended use. Unlike other systems, FAST is cheaper, simpler, and better for industrial use.
This presentation discusses different types of seams, including 8 seam classes. It begins by defining a seam as the line where fabric layers are joined, which can be done through sewing or other methods. Key points include:
- Seam classes include superimposed, lapped, bound, flat, decorative, edge finishing, applied, and other seams.
- Different seam types are used for functional or aesthetic purposes and are defined by factors like strength, elasticity, durability, and comfort levels.
- Seam quality is measured by parameters such as size, slippage strength, and strength to break the seam or materials.
- Examples are given of common seam types like superimposed and lapped
This document contains information about woven fabrics submitted by students Amit Biswas, Md. Ahasan Habib, and Tahmina Hossain Bristy to their lecturer Mr. Suja Ahmed Auporbo. It defines woven fabric as being made from two sets of warp and weft yarns interlaced at right angles. Woven fabrics are classified as having either a simple or compound structure. Simple structures use one set of parallel warp and weft yarns, while compound structures use more than one set of yarns including some for ornamental purposes. The document also describes and provides examples of various basic woven structures including plain weave, twill weave, satin weave
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Sewing threads are engineered yarns designed to pass through sewing machines without breaking. They are produced from fibers like cotton, polyester, nylon, silk, and linen. Thread construction involves twisting fibers or filaments together, with the amount of twist and direction of twist affecting the thread's strength and performance. Different thread types are suitable for various fabrics and purposes, such as cotton for breathability and polyester for durability. Thread finishes further enhance qualities like strength and abrasion resistance. Good sewing threads sew easily, make durable seams, and in the case of decorative threads, are aesthetically pleasing.
Three kinds of marker modes popular in the spreading and cutting departments of the garment industry are utilized to prepare smaller markers of a selected garment, the marker efficiency of each marker-replica is calculated.
Weft knitting machine & parameters of weft knitted fabricAzmir Latif Beg
Knitting is the interloping of yarn which is interlocking in various ways to form fabric. Knitting is the process of manufacturing fabric by transforming continuous strands of yarn into a series of interlocking loops, each row of such loops hanging from the one immediately preceding it. The basic element of knit fabric structure is the loop intermeshed with the loop adjacent to it on both sides and above and below it.
This document provides information about garment manufacturing and exporting processes. It was prepared by Md. Kamrul Hasan, a Textile Engineering graduate from Southeast University in Bangladesh. The document contains several sections that discuss key topics like buyers and buying houses, major garment exporting countries, GSP status, garment export procedures, costing, purchase orders, letters of credit, and timelines. It aims to serve as a reference for students and professionals in the garments sector.
The document provides information to calculate the costs for cutting a ladies popover tunic, including fabric consumption, labor costs, and total costs. It details the order specifications, marker and spreading plans for two fabrics, calculates ply and marker lengths, and determines the total time and labor cost needed. The total fabric consumption was calculated as 25,349.99 meters for navy fabric at Rs. 100/meter and 7800 meters for coral fabric at Rs. 120/meter, for a total fabric cost of Rs. 34,70,999. The total time was estimated as 106.46 hours at a labor cost of Rs. 30/hour, amounting to Rs. 3193.8 for labor. The concluding total cost for
The document describes an overlock machine, which is a specialized sewing machine used to finish fabric edges and seams. It can produce stitches at speeds up to 5000 stitches per minute. The overlock machine makes stitches using 1-5 threads depending on the number of needles and loopers. Common stitch types include 3-thread, 4-thread, and 5-thread overlocks. Key features of the overlock machine include its differential feed system and ability to stretch stitching up to 300%. Problems with thread chains are addressed through the use of a backlatcher or chain cutting device.
Textile testing is an important part of the textile production process. It involves determining various properties of fibers, yarns, and fabrics to ensure quality standards are met. The objectives of textile testing include selecting raw materials, controlling manufacturing processes, ensuring quality of finished products, and facilitating research and product development. There are different types of textile testing for fibers, yarns, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics. Test methods are established by various standards organizations and influence factors like sampling methods, atmospheric conditions, equipment used, and technician skill.
Garment manufacturing is an assembly- oriented activity with a great range of raw materials, product types, production volumes, supply chains, retail markets and associated technologies.
Companies range from small family business to multinationals.
The clothing industry is labour intensive industry.
Configuration of spreading systems used in apparel industry textile learnerifty111013003
This document discusses the configuration of spreading systems used in the apparel industry. It describes the different types of fabric spreading including flat and stepped spreads. It discusses factors that affect spreading quality like ply alignment, tension, and damage placement. The document outlines different spreading modes like face-to-face and face-one-way spreading depending on fabric characteristics. It also describes the objectives and general process of fabric spreading in apparel production.
Fabric spreading is a process that lays out fabric plies to the required length and width for cutting. There are two main types of spreading: flat, where all plies are the same length, and stepped, where plies are arranged in steps of decreasing length. Fabric can be spread manually using hands or hooks, or mechanically using semi-automatic or fully automatic machines. The process must ensure plies are flat, tensioned correctly, and flaws are removed to prepare fabric for accurate cutting in bulk. Splices are used to join fabric when faults are found, and come in straight line or interlocked styles.
This document discusses various aspects of the textile and apparel manufacturing process, including:
- Textile production involves working with fibrous raw materials to produce yarns, fabrics, and finished products. It includes both traditional and technical textiles.
- The apparel production process involves several sections: spreading, cutting, sewing, finishing. Within each section, there are standard procedures for tasks like fabric spreading, pattern grading, quality inspection, ironing and packing.
- Potential defects can occur at various stages and must be monitored, including sewing errors, color issues, sizing mistakes and other garment defects caught during final inspection. Proper quality control is essential for apparel manufacturers.
The document discusses different methods for spreading and laying out fabric prior to cutting, including face-to-face, face-up, and all-faces methods. It also describes factors like the direction of the fabric surface and design/nap direction. Key types are classified based on these factors. The linear properties of the material and whether it is cut or folded are also considered. Bundling systems for organizing cut pieces into production lots are outlined, including item, group, progressive, and unit production systems. An overview of the cutting room process is provided, from pattern making to numbering cut components to ensure proper assembly.
This document introduces fabric spreading and discusses various related topics in fabric production. It lists the names of presenters and then defines fabric spreading as laying fabrics according to marker length and width to form a fabric lay with multiple layers. It discusses objectives of spreading, factors that affect lay height like thickness and volume, and requirements like keeping the fabric flat and aligned. It describes straight and stepped lay types and manual and mechanical spreading methods. It also covers splice types like straight line and interlock.
The document discusses the process of fabric spreading in garment manufacturing. It explains that fabric spreading involves the smooth laying out of fabric layers of a specific length, which can be done through flat or stepped spreading. There are 10 key requirements for proper fabric spreading, including maintaining the fabric's flatness, applying uniform tension, aligning fabric layers, and matching patterns like checks and stripes. The document also outlines different manual and mechanical methods for fabric spreading.
This document discusses fabric spreading, which involves laying multiple plies of fabric on top of each other in preparation for cutting. There are two types of spreads - flat spreads with all plies the same length, and stepped spreads built up in steps. Fabric spreading requires aligning plies in length and width, eliminating defects, ensuring correct ply direction, uniform tension, and avoiding distortion during cutting. Automatic spreading machines can fulfill these requirements through features like automatic loading/unloading, tensioning devices, and programmable lay lengths. Proper fabric spreading is important for alignment, tension, avoiding folds or crinkles, eliminating faults, correct ply direction, and matching checks and stripes.
Presentation technology level of spreadingIrshad Ansari
This document discusses different methods of fabric spreading used in the garment industry. It begins by defining fabric spreading as the process of laying lengths of fabric on a cutting table according to a marker. There are different types of spreads including single ply, multi-ply, and stepped spreads. The document then covers manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic spreading methods. It describes features of basic, intermediate, and highest level spreading systems such as fabric tension control, edge alignment, automatic cutting and more. Key factors that influence spreading quality like ply alignment and tension are also summarized.
This document discusses the requirements for fabric spreading in garment manufacturing. It begins by introducing the author and their background. The document then covers 10 key requirements for proper fabric spreading: 1) the fabric must be flat, 2) have correct ply tension, 3) ply alignment, 4) correct ply direction and stability, 5) elimination of static electricity, 6) elimination of fabric flaws, 7) easy separation of cut layers, 8) avoidance of ply fusion during cutting, 9) avoidance of spread distortion, and 10) matching of checks and stripes. It also briefly discusses pattern making, marker making, and cutting methods. The author provides links to related textile technology Facebook pages and their blog.
The document discusses various methods for spreading fabric prior to cutting, including manual spreading, spreading machines, and advancements in automated spreading. It provides details on common spreading machines like stationary racks, rolling racks, turntables, and tubular knit fabric spreaders. The document also covers preparation steps for cutting, including moving spreading machines, facilitating fabric shrinkage, and fastening the marker to the spread.
SPREADING LABOUR REDUCTION AND REVISED WORKING PROCEDUREpriyangaraja1
Maintain the quality and method of spreading-Reduction of spreading time-Reduction of spreading cost-Reduction of work content-Reduction of spreading labor
Tools & machines for apparel constructionsuniltalekar1
This document discusses spreading and cutting techniques in garment production. It defines spreading as the smooth laying out of fabric layers according to specified lengths. There are three types of laying: single ply, multiple ply, and stepped lay. Spreading can be done manually, with a spreading carriage, or automatically. Cutting separates fabric parts using templates and markers. The objective is to accurately cut pattern pieces while minimizing fabric waste. Factors that determine cutting quality include precision, clean edges, consistent cutting, and fabric support. Common cutting methods are manual, powered knife, and computerized, while machine types include straight knife, band blade, and die cutter.
This document provides information on selecting and constructing different types of seams and seam finishes. It discusses factors to consider when selecting a seam, such as the fabric type, intended use, and care of the garment. Common seams like plain, French, and flat-fell are described along with their construction steps. Specialty seams and different types of seam finishes are also outlined, including techniques for woven and knit fabrics. The document emphasizes that seams and finishes should be smooth, even, and protect the fabric edges from raveling or curling.
study on garments pattern , marker, spreading and cuttingApp 3204Rashedul Islam
The document discusses various tools, processes, and techniques involved in pattern making and garment manufacturing. It describes the basic tools used in pattern cutting like rulers, pins, and scissors. It also explains the key steps in marker making, fabric spreading, and cutting, including receiving patterns, tracing markers, aligning sizes, and minimizing waste. Proper fabric spreading requires maintaining uniform tension, accurate splicing, and correcting fabric ply direction. The document provides an overview of the essential elements and standard procedures in pattern making and garment production.
This document is a project report submitted by Tanuja Sahu, a student at Dezyne E’cole College, towards the partial fulfillment of her 2nd Year Diploma in Fashion Design. The report discusses garment pattern and fabric, including the pattern, grain line, pile direction, and fabric pattern. It also covers cutting checks and stripes, addressing symmetry. The goal is to provide information to ensure garment patterns are properly prepared and positioned for cutting different fabrics.
The document provides information on using three-dimensional dress forms for designing and fitting clothing. It discusses how dress forms come in different sizes to represent different body types and how they allow designers to see how garments will fit and drape on the body. Adjustable forms can be tailored to fit specific individuals. The document then gives step-by-step instructions for making a custom dress form to match an individual's exact measurements and outlines the materials and methods needed.
There are several types of seams used in garment construction, each with a specific purpose and application. Flat seams join fabric edges without extra thickness. Superimposed seams create neat, load-bearing seams. Lapped seams are used for rainwear. Lap felled seams involve one stitch for a strong seam. Bound seams produce a neat finished edge. Decorative seams add ornamental detail. Edge finishing seams neaten cut edges. Common seam problems include puckering, slippage, and skipped stitches, which can be addressed through tension and feed adjustments or material choices.
An In-Depth Exploration of Natural Language Processing: Evolution, Applicatio...DharmaBanothu
Natural language processing (NLP) has
recently garnered significant interest for the
computational representation and analysis of human
language. Its applications span multiple domains such
as machine translation, email spam detection,
information extraction, summarization, healthcare,
and question answering. This paper first delineates
four phases by examining various levels of NLP and
components of Natural Language Generation,
followed by a review of the history and progression of
NLP. Subsequently, we delve into the current state of
the art by presenting diverse NLP applications,
contemporary trends, and challenges. Finally, we
discuss some available datasets, models, and
evaluation metrics in NLP.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Cricket management system ptoject report.pdfKamal Acharya
The aim of this project is to provide the complete information of the National and
International statistics. The information is available country wise and player wise. By
entering the data of eachmatch, we can get all type of reports instantly, which will be
useful to call back history of each player. Also the team performance in each match can
be obtained. We can get a report on number of matches, wins and lost.
1. Name ID
Mohaiminul Islam 120103074
PRESENTATION ON
FABRIC SPREADING
GREEN UNIVERSITY OF BANGLADESH
Subject: APPAREL MANUFACTURING
Code: TEX - 303
2. Fabric Spreading:
Fabric spreading means smooth lying out of fabrics as per
marker direction. Fabric spreading is the preparatory
process for cutting.
3. . Types of Fabric Spreading :
The spreads can be of two basic types:
1. Flat spreads :
Here all plies are found of the same length.
2. Stepped spread
This as the name suggests, is built up in steps, with all the
plies in one step having the same length. A stepped spread
is generally used when the quantities to be cut precludes
the use of a flat spread. The cut order plan details the
colors and ply lengths for a stepped spread, if it is needed.
4. Spreading Quality Specification :
Spreading quality must be measured with respect to the
following factors:
Ply alignment: length and width
Ply tension: stretch, slack edge
Grain alignment: bowing
Splicing: waste and precision;
Damage placement: economy of placement;
Surface direction; and
Static electricity
5. Fabric Spreading Objective:
To place a number of plies of fabric under the marker
according to the planning process.
In the color required
Correctly aligned as to length and width
At correct tension
6. General Fabric Spreading System :
Mark the Splice Zone on the Spreading Table
Use Paper for the first ply in case the table surface is
rough or when fine fabrics are being spread
Identify the defects noticed in the fabric by means of
sticker
Use lubricated paper for separating layer
To prevent scorching in the natural fibers (coarse fabrics).
To prevent fusing in the synthetic fabrics.
Ensure that decided number of ply count and height of the
spread is achieved.
7. How to spread:
Pull the fabric to far end position
Position the fabric at the far end (with our without weight
or pins)
Align the ply (width on one side
Cut the ply after each layer.
Repeat this process from until the entire roll is spread
Check ply count.
8. Forms of Spreading:
Cuttining are of Two kinds.
1. One Way Cutting : One way cutting is when fabric is laid the
same way up with grain or print pattern running in the same
direction. Fabric has to be cut at the end of each ply.
2. Face to Face Cutting: Face to face cutting is when the plies
are laid in pairs face to face. The grain or pattern runs in the
same direction.
.
9. Requirements of Spreading
Process:
Alignment:
Elimination of fabric defects/flaws:
Correct ply direction:
Correct ply tension:
Avoidance of distortion in the spread during cutting:
Fabrics must be flat and free from any crinkle & crease:
Checks and stripes should be matched .
10. Spreading Modes:
Direction of Fabric Nap: A second consideration in
selecting the spreading mode relates to the direction of the
fabric nap. Placement of the nap may be nap-one-way
(N/OW) or nap-up-and-down (N/U/D)
. Direction of Fabric Face: The fabric face may be
positioned in two ways: face-to-face (F/F) or with all plies
facing-one-way (F/O/W), face up or face down
11. Fabric Put-up and Spreading
Modes:
Fabric Put-up; Open and Rolled :
21. Types of Lay Plan :
Half Garment Lay includes only half of the garment
pieces for example one side left or right. Generally used
for tubular fabrics.
Whole Garment Lay includes garment pieces, left and
right sides. Generally used for Open width fabrics.
Single Size Lay is used using all garment pieces of one
single size. Disadvantageous as the consumption of fabric
is higher.
22. Types of Fabric Lay:
According to the construction fabric lay is two types. These
are:
1. Straight lay
2. Stepped lay
According to the direction of spreading fabric lay is three
types. These are:
1. From right to left
2. From right to right
3. Zigzag lay
28. Removing Tension in the Lay:
1. An essential element of spreading is to relax tension in
the fabric during the
2. Spreading process. Should there be any significant
„stretch‟ in the fabric after
3. Spreading, when the fabric is cut into parts, each part
will shrink. Even 5% shrinkage is enough to change a
whole garment size
29. The Method of Fabric Spreading:
• a- By Hand
Fabric roll is spreaded on
the table by two laborers
according to the length &
width of marker.
Sometimes it is done by
entering a rod which is
made by wood or metal in
the center paper table
which is present in the
center of the fabric roll.
30. b. By hook
In this process the top of the table on which the fabric
is spreaded is set at 10º angle perpendicularly.
c. Spreading truck with the help of operator:
There is a spreading truck on the one end of the
spreading table in which the fabric roll is placed.
31. 2. Mechanical method:
a. Semiautomatic
Spreading machine is run on the
rails which are placed at two side
of fabric spreading table surface
and operated by motor. Fabric
roll is set in a predetermined
place of the machine.
b. Full automatic:
This is the improvement of
semiautomatic machine.