This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecosystems, including definitions of an ecosystem, niche, habitat, biotic and abiotic factors, producers, consumers, decomposers, food chains, ecological succession, nutrient cycles (carbon, phosphorus), and productivity. It describes ecosystems as communities of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. Various components and processes within ecosystems are defined, such as the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers, and how nutrients and energy flow through food chains and recycling.