This chapter discusses order fulfillment, logistics, and supply chain management. It describes the process of order fulfillment and the major concepts of front office operations, back office operations, logistics, and the supply chain. The chapter outlines the steps in order fulfillment and discusses challenges like meeting demand, customized products, and the pull vs push models. It emphasizes the importance of integration along the supply chain.
Supply chain management and e business (commerce)Muhammad Syahmi
This document discusses supply chain management and e-business. It defines a supply chain as consisting of all parties involved in fulfilling a customer request, including manufacturers, suppliers, transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers. It outlines the key supply chain management processes: customer order cycle, replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle, and procurement cycle. It also discusses the role of information technology in supply chain management and the evolution of supply chain management in e-business. Specifically, it notes that e-business allows for a larger selection of products and examples like Amazon and eBay. Finally, it provides an overview of e-commerce and its advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional commerce.
E-commerce is emerging as a way to provide solutions to problems along the supply chain. It facilitates buying, selling, and collaborating between partners in the supply chain. While integrating e-commerce with existing ERP systems leverages prior investments, such integration can be difficult due to the complexity and inflexibility of ERP systems. Order fulfillment is a key area that sometimes faces problems with e-commerce supply chains, especially for B2C transactions, but innovative solutions around delivery times and returns processing are helping to address these issues.
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over computer networks. There are three main types of e-commerce transactions: B2C (business to consumer), B2B (business to business), and B2G (business to government). Key technologies that enable e-commerce include HTML, hyperlinks, web servers, databases, and commerce server software. Web 2.0 emphasizes user participation, collaboration, and social networking, which is important for businesses to engage customers and promote products through user-generated content and viral marketing. Information systems can enhance supply chain performance by improving the flow of transactional and informational data between organizations to optimize facilities, inventory, transportation, and information management.
Supply chain management in e-commerce involves delivering products to customers through online channels. E-commerce companies like Flipkart use technology to improve their supply chain operations. This helps avoid costs, reduce inventory levels, and speed up production and delivery. Flipkart is a leading Indian e-commerce company that sources products from over 500 distributors and delivers over 30,000 orders daily through partnerships with multiple logistics companies. It offers customers convenient payment options and return policies.
This document discusses supply chain management and business process engineering. It defines key terms like supply chain, enterprise resource planning (ERP), and business process reengineering (BPR). It also provides examples of how Dell and SAP implemented supply chain management and ERP systems to improve operations.
This document discusses e-supply chain management. It begins by defining supply chain and traditional supply chain management. It then defines e-supply chain management as combining e-business and traditional supply chain management, depicting how members work together optimally. Key elements discussed include collaboration, information visibility, integration, and using technology like EDI to improve speed, cost, quality and service. Benefits outlined are improved networks, reduced costs and delays, and accurate data. Specific applications discussed include production and inventory management, procurement, and use of technologies like RFID, intranets and extranets to facilitate the e-supply chain.
The role of e business in supply chain managementJohns Joseph
E-business is the execution of business transactions via the
internet.One of the primary benefits of e-business is its ability to cut costs. This technology eliminates the need to have a physical presence.e-business strategies like social media and online advertising involve lower costs than traditional marketing which allows startups and small companies to reach their target audience.
Supply Chain Management - Supply Chain Management for E Commerce In India Edureka!
The document provides an overview of supply chain management and its importance for e-commerce businesses. It discusses key concepts like the evolution of supply chain management and the need for electronic supply chain management. Specific examples like Flipkart and Amazon's supply chain models are examined. The document also explores supply chain challenges in India, career opportunities in supply chain management, and Edureka's supply chain management certification course.
Supply chain management and e business (commerce)Muhammad Syahmi
This document discusses supply chain management and e-business. It defines a supply chain as consisting of all parties involved in fulfilling a customer request, including manufacturers, suppliers, transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers. It outlines the key supply chain management processes: customer order cycle, replenishment cycle, manufacturing cycle, and procurement cycle. It also discusses the role of information technology in supply chain management and the evolution of supply chain management in e-business. Specifically, it notes that e-business allows for a larger selection of products and examples like Amazon and eBay. Finally, it provides an overview of e-commerce and its advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional commerce.
E-commerce is emerging as a way to provide solutions to problems along the supply chain. It facilitates buying, selling, and collaborating between partners in the supply chain. While integrating e-commerce with existing ERP systems leverages prior investments, such integration can be difficult due to the complexity and inflexibility of ERP systems. Order fulfillment is a key area that sometimes faces problems with e-commerce supply chains, especially for B2C transactions, but innovative solutions around delivery times and returns processing are helping to address these issues.
E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over computer networks. There are three main types of e-commerce transactions: B2C (business to consumer), B2B (business to business), and B2G (business to government). Key technologies that enable e-commerce include HTML, hyperlinks, web servers, databases, and commerce server software. Web 2.0 emphasizes user participation, collaboration, and social networking, which is important for businesses to engage customers and promote products through user-generated content and viral marketing. Information systems can enhance supply chain performance by improving the flow of transactional and informational data between organizations to optimize facilities, inventory, transportation, and information management.
Supply chain management in e-commerce involves delivering products to customers through online channels. E-commerce companies like Flipkart use technology to improve their supply chain operations. This helps avoid costs, reduce inventory levels, and speed up production and delivery. Flipkart is a leading Indian e-commerce company that sources products from over 500 distributors and delivers over 30,000 orders daily through partnerships with multiple logistics companies. It offers customers convenient payment options and return policies.
This document discusses supply chain management and business process engineering. It defines key terms like supply chain, enterprise resource planning (ERP), and business process reengineering (BPR). It also provides examples of how Dell and SAP implemented supply chain management and ERP systems to improve operations.
This document discusses e-supply chain management. It begins by defining supply chain and traditional supply chain management. It then defines e-supply chain management as combining e-business and traditional supply chain management, depicting how members work together optimally. Key elements discussed include collaboration, information visibility, integration, and using technology like EDI to improve speed, cost, quality and service. Benefits outlined are improved networks, reduced costs and delays, and accurate data. Specific applications discussed include production and inventory management, procurement, and use of technologies like RFID, intranets and extranets to facilitate the e-supply chain.
The role of e business in supply chain managementJohns Joseph
E-business is the execution of business transactions via the
internet.One of the primary benefits of e-business is its ability to cut costs. This technology eliminates the need to have a physical presence.e-business strategies like social media and online advertising involve lower costs than traditional marketing which allows startups and small companies to reach their target audience.
Supply Chain Management - Supply Chain Management for E Commerce In India Edureka!
The document provides an overview of supply chain management and its importance for e-commerce businesses. It discusses key concepts like the evolution of supply chain management and the need for electronic supply chain management. Specific examples like Flipkart and Amazon's supply chain models are examined. The document also explores supply chain challenges in India, career opportunities in supply chain management, and Edureka's supply chain management certification course.
The document discusses supply chain management and e-supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as the coordination of activities involved in moving products from suppliers to customers. E-supply chain management uses internet technologies for coordination. There are three types of supply chains - responsive, adaptive, and intelligent - which differ in how quickly they can respond or adapt to changes. The major components of an e-supply chain are advanced scheduling, demand forecasting, transportation planning, distribution planning, and order commitment. E-supply chain fusion involves integrating existing supply chains for improved coordination through four stages - information sharing, joint performance measurement, realignment of work, and redesigning products and processes. Key issues in e-supply chain fusion are determining
This document discusses challenges faced by retailers and how a sample application demonstrates using a service-oriented architecture to address them. The application integrates disparate retail applications through loosely coupled web services. It transfers data from stores to enterprises in real-time using industry standards. The goals are to demonstrate integration of applications using web services, use of standards, ease of building services on Microsoft platforms, and composing dashboards for managers. Key benefits are using standards to create an extensible solution that is loosely coupled for agility and prepackaged technologies for incremental adoption.
Achieving operational excellence and customer intimacy. enterprise applicationsSanmugam Marimuthu
This document contains a list of 5 student names and their matriculation numbers. It also contains information about different types of enterprise systems like ERP, CRM, SCM systems and how they help businesses. Finally, it discusses challenges of implementing and maintaining enterprise applications and how organizations are trying to extend the value obtained from these systems.
The document discusses e-procurement and its benefits. It defines e-procurement as the electronic B2B, B2C, or B2G sale and purchase of goods and services using the internet or other media. E-procurement automates the purchase process and significantly reduces costs and time. It aids organizations in streamlining purchasing to focus on core business activities and increase profitability. Medium to large organizations that regularly purchase the same products from a limited number of suppliers are ideal candidates for e-procurement. The document also discusses e-procurement solutions developed by Quinnox and the current state and opportunities for e-procurement in India.
The document discusses the role and importance of information technology in the retail sector. It notes that IT plays a key role in managing complex retail operations and provides competitive advantages through market knowledge and data control. Specifically, IT helps retailers respond quickly to markets, analyze customer data, work across stores/borders efficiently, and speed up processes to reduce costs. However, retailers face challenges in managing large amounts of customer data, ensuring transparency across systems, and synchronizing global data in real-time. The document also defines point-of-sale systems and describes their various hardware and software components that are used to automate retail transactions.
- The document provides an overview of e-commerce and business processes from an experience working at Insyncltd from August 2014 to January 2015.
- It describes the key aspects of B2B and B2C business including types of businesses, purchase and sales processes, and retail. Common business documents like invoices and purchase orders are also outlined.
- Manufacturing business processes, ERP tools, and the sales process in SAP Business One are summarized as well.
This document provides an overview of information technology and supply chain management. It discusses software systems used for supply chain management like EDI, MRP, MRP II, ERP, SCM, and CRM systems. It also discusses network infrastructure and technologies like WANs, intranets, and extranets. Major sections focus on ERP systems like SAP and Oracle, supply chain management systems, and hardware considerations for SCM systems.
The PPT is about 3 Models Revenue model , B2B model and B2C model. These Models are different from types of Ecommerce Business. It will help you to understand different model with the help of real life examples. A case study is also provided for better knowledge. In the end you will be able to find your own ecommerce business model.
This presentation describes role of e-procurement and e-commerce in business to business. Detail case study of e-procurement in Walmart has been discussed. Benefits of e-procurement and different types of market place has been covered in this presentation.
1) Supply chain management (SCM) involves the flow of products and information between organizations in a supply chain. It became more important with the development of electronic data interchange (EDI) in the 1990s, which allowed real-time information sharing.
2) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems were developed to integrate different business functions such as logistics, production, and finance onto a single computer system. This provided benefits like streamlined processes and shared information across departments.
3) Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags provide real-time information about inventory levels on store shelves, allowing supply chains to respond quickly to changes in demand.
The Extraprise - Using Collaborative Commerce to Extend the Value of Your ER...SAP Ariba
The document discusses using collaborative commerce networks to extend the value of ERP systems and maximize supply chain performance. It describes how Cox Enterprises implemented Ariba Procure-to-Pay to support procurement across its multiple divisions with different ERPs. The implementation standardized indirect spend, increased compliance and visibility, and saw increased adoption and supplier participation. It also discusses ongoing challenges with eProcurement including multiple ERPs, low adoption rates, and tensions between IT and procurement needs.
This document discusses the role of information technology in supply chain integration and management. It describes how electronic data interchange (EDI), bar code systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and web-based technologies can help integrate internal business processes and connect organizations with external partners. These IT solutions provide benefits like reduced costs, improved accuracy and responsiveness by facilitating the electronic exchange of information across the supply chain in real-time.
Purchasing in supply chain management (scm)BONIYAPBOCHAN
This document discusses procurement and purchasing processes. It provides information on:
- The roles and goals of purchasing and procurement in ensuring timely supply of goods.
- Different types of purchases based on factors like organization size and purchase nature.
- Methods of purchasing like by requirement, contracts, and group purchasing.
- The benefits of automation and e-procurement in streamlining the procurement process.
- Examples of Ford and McDonald's leveraging e-procurement systems to reduce costs.
The document discusses various enterprise functional systems and e-business systems. It outlines systems for marketing, production/operations, accounting, finance, and human resource management. It also discusses e-business systems like enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), and knowledge management systems, describing their components, value, types, and issues.
This document discusses e-marketplaces and their components. It defines an e-marketplace as a marketplace where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services electronically. The key components of an e-marketplace include customers, sellers, products/services, and infrastructure to support the front-end and back-end business processes. The document also describes different types of e-marketplaces ranging from individual electronic storefronts to online malls and portals that bring together multiple buyers and sellers.
The document discusses supply chain management (SCM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It defines SCM as coordinating an organization's activities to get products to customers efficiently. ERP systems integrate internal business processes across departments like manufacturing, distribution, and accounting. The document also covers customer relationship management (CRM) systems, which manage relationships with customers through activities like sales, marketing, customer service and retention programs.
This document discusses order fulfillment, logistics, and supply chain management. It defines key terms like logistics and supply chain management. The steps of order fulfillment include payment clearance, packaging, shipping, and insuring. Supply chain management involves integrating business processes along the supply chain from raw materials to customers. Benefits include reducing uncertainty, proper inventory levels, and minimizing delays. Global supply chains can experience cross-border problems and delays. Areas for opportunities within supply chains include manufacturing, warehousing, transportation, and inventory management. Electronic commerce solutions can automate processes to decrease costs and cycle times. Software supports tracking activities throughout the supply chain.
A supply chain is the network of organizations involved in producing and delivering a product, from raw materials to the end customer. It includes upstream suppliers, internal production and packaging, and downstream distribution centers and retailers. Effective supply chain management coordinates activities across this network to optimize material, information and financial flows. Key goals are reducing costs and uncertainties while improving customer service. Modern supply chains leverage information technology to facilitate coordination and information sharing among partners.
This document discusses supply chain management (SCM) concepts. It defines key terms like supply chain, demand chain, and SCM. It describes the benefits of SCM like increased profits and competitive advantage. It explains the components of supply chains including upstream, internal, and downstream processes. It also discusses challenges in SCM like the bullwhip effect and solutions like strategic partnerships and just-in-time approaches. The role of technology like ERP systems and e-commerce in integrating SCM is also summarized.
The document discusses supply chain management and e-supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as the coordination of activities involved in moving products from suppliers to customers. E-supply chain management uses internet technologies for coordination. There are three types of supply chains - responsive, adaptive, and intelligent - which differ in how quickly they can respond or adapt to changes. The major components of an e-supply chain are advanced scheduling, demand forecasting, transportation planning, distribution planning, and order commitment. E-supply chain fusion involves integrating existing supply chains for improved coordination through four stages - information sharing, joint performance measurement, realignment of work, and redesigning products and processes. Key issues in e-supply chain fusion are determining
This document discusses challenges faced by retailers and how a sample application demonstrates using a service-oriented architecture to address them. The application integrates disparate retail applications through loosely coupled web services. It transfers data from stores to enterprises in real-time using industry standards. The goals are to demonstrate integration of applications using web services, use of standards, ease of building services on Microsoft platforms, and composing dashboards for managers. Key benefits are using standards to create an extensible solution that is loosely coupled for agility and prepackaged technologies for incremental adoption.
Achieving operational excellence and customer intimacy. enterprise applicationsSanmugam Marimuthu
This document contains a list of 5 student names and their matriculation numbers. It also contains information about different types of enterprise systems like ERP, CRM, SCM systems and how they help businesses. Finally, it discusses challenges of implementing and maintaining enterprise applications and how organizations are trying to extend the value obtained from these systems.
The document discusses e-procurement and its benefits. It defines e-procurement as the electronic B2B, B2C, or B2G sale and purchase of goods and services using the internet or other media. E-procurement automates the purchase process and significantly reduces costs and time. It aids organizations in streamlining purchasing to focus on core business activities and increase profitability. Medium to large organizations that regularly purchase the same products from a limited number of suppliers are ideal candidates for e-procurement. The document also discusses e-procurement solutions developed by Quinnox and the current state and opportunities for e-procurement in India.
The document discusses the role and importance of information technology in the retail sector. It notes that IT plays a key role in managing complex retail operations and provides competitive advantages through market knowledge and data control. Specifically, IT helps retailers respond quickly to markets, analyze customer data, work across stores/borders efficiently, and speed up processes to reduce costs. However, retailers face challenges in managing large amounts of customer data, ensuring transparency across systems, and synchronizing global data in real-time. The document also defines point-of-sale systems and describes their various hardware and software components that are used to automate retail transactions.
- The document provides an overview of e-commerce and business processes from an experience working at Insyncltd from August 2014 to January 2015.
- It describes the key aspects of B2B and B2C business including types of businesses, purchase and sales processes, and retail. Common business documents like invoices and purchase orders are also outlined.
- Manufacturing business processes, ERP tools, and the sales process in SAP Business One are summarized as well.
This document provides an overview of information technology and supply chain management. It discusses software systems used for supply chain management like EDI, MRP, MRP II, ERP, SCM, and CRM systems. It also discusses network infrastructure and technologies like WANs, intranets, and extranets. Major sections focus on ERP systems like SAP and Oracle, supply chain management systems, and hardware considerations for SCM systems.
The PPT is about 3 Models Revenue model , B2B model and B2C model. These Models are different from types of Ecommerce Business. It will help you to understand different model with the help of real life examples. A case study is also provided for better knowledge. In the end you will be able to find your own ecommerce business model.
This presentation describes role of e-procurement and e-commerce in business to business. Detail case study of e-procurement in Walmart has been discussed. Benefits of e-procurement and different types of market place has been covered in this presentation.
1) Supply chain management (SCM) involves the flow of products and information between organizations in a supply chain. It became more important with the development of electronic data interchange (EDI) in the 1990s, which allowed real-time information sharing.
2) Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems were developed to integrate different business functions such as logistics, production, and finance onto a single computer system. This provided benefits like streamlined processes and shared information across departments.
3) Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags provide real-time information about inventory levels on store shelves, allowing supply chains to respond quickly to changes in demand.
The Extraprise - Using Collaborative Commerce to Extend the Value of Your ER...SAP Ariba
The document discusses using collaborative commerce networks to extend the value of ERP systems and maximize supply chain performance. It describes how Cox Enterprises implemented Ariba Procure-to-Pay to support procurement across its multiple divisions with different ERPs. The implementation standardized indirect spend, increased compliance and visibility, and saw increased adoption and supplier participation. It also discusses ongoing challenges with eProcurement including multiple ERPs, low adoption rates, and tensions between IT and procurement needs.
This document discusses the role of information technology in supply chain integration and management. It describes how electronic data interchange (EDI), bar code systems, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and web-based technologies can help integrate internal business processes and connect organizations with external partners. These IT solutions provide benefits like reduced costs, improved accuracy and responsiveness by facilitating the electronic exchange of information across the supply chain in real-time.
Purchasing in supply chain management (scm)BONIYAPBOCHAN
This document discusses procurement and purchasing processes. It provides information on:
- The roles and goals of purchasing and procurement in ensuring timely supply of goods.
- Different types of purchases based on factors like organization size and purchase nature.
- Methods of purchasing like by requirement, contracts, and group purchasing.
- The benefits of automation and e-procurement in streamlining the procurement process.
- Examples of Ford and McDonald's leveraging e-procurement systems to reduce costs.
The document discusses various enterprise functional systems and e-business systems. It outlines systems for marketing, production/operations, accounting, finance, and human resource management. It also discusses e-business systems like enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM), and knowledge management systems, describing their components, value, types, and issues.
This document discusses e-marketplaces and their components. It defines an e-marketplace as a marketplace where buyers and sellers exchange goods and services electronically. The key components of an e-marketplace include customers, sellers, products/services, and infrastructure to support the front-end and back-end business processes. The document also describes different types of e-marketplaces ranging from individual electronic storefronts to online malls and portals that bring together multiple buyers and sellers.
The document discusses supply chain management (SCM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It defines SCM as coordinating an organization's activities to get products to customers efficiently. ERP systems integrate internal business processes across departments like manufacturing, distribution, and accounting. The document also covers customer relationship management (CRM) systems, which manage relationships with customers through activities like sales, marketing, customer service and retention programs.
This document discusses order fulfillment, logistics, and supply chain management. It defines key terms like logistics and supply chain management. The steps of order fulfillment include payment clearance, packaging, shipping, and insuring. Supply chain management involves integrating business processes along the supply chain from raw materials to customers. Benefits include reducing uncertainty, proper inventory levels, and minimizing delays. Global supply chains can experience cross-border problems and delays. Areas for opportunities within supply chains include manufacturing, warehousing, transportation, and inventory management. Electronic commerce solutions can automate processes to decrease costs and cycle times. Software supports tracking activities throughout the supply chain.
A supply chain is the network of organizations involved in producing and delivering a product, from raw materials to the end customer. It includes upstream suppliers, internal production and packaging, and downstream distribution centers and retailers. Effective supply chain management coordinates activities across this network to optimize material, information and financial flows. Key goals are reducing costs and uncertainties while improving customer service. Modern supply chains leverage information technology to facilitate coordination and information sharing among partners.
This document discusses supply chain management (SCM) concepts. It defines key terms like supply chain, demand chain, and SCM. It describes the benefits of SCM like increased profits and competitive advantage. It explains the components of supply chains including upstream, internal, and downstream processes. It also discusses challenges in SCM like the bullwhip effect and solutions like strategic partnerships and just-in-time approaches. The role of technology like ERP systems and e-commerce in integrating SCM is also summarized.
The document discusses key concepts in supply chain management. It defines a supply chain as the network of entities involved in designing, producing, delivering, and servicing products, including material and information flows. There are three types of flows in a supply chain: material, information, and capital. Supply chains can operate on a push or pull basis. Push systems produce to stock based on forecasts, while pull systems produce based on actual orders. Effective supply chain management involves optimizing processes, relationships with suppliers and distributors, and information flows to reduce costs and improve customer service. Global supply chains present additional challenges due to long distances, customs issues, and the need for information technology support.
A supply chain consists of all parties involved in fulfilling a customer request, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. The goal of supply chain management is to optimize the flow of materials and information between these entities. This involves coordination of production, inventory levels, and transportation across companies. Effective supply chain management can help lower costs, improve customer satisfaction, and boost profits for all members of the supply chain.
Top technology trends in supply chain & logistics industryArindam Bakshi
Technology plays a very important part in determining the success of a supply chain. This e-book is primarily meant to inform you about the present day technologies that are heavily involved in determining the efficiency and productivity of the logistics and supply chain industry.
Information Systems and Supply Chain ManagementMD SALMAN ANJUM
The document discusses 5 emerging technologies that retailers are waiting to adopt fully: RFID, beacons, virtual trial rooms, QR codes, and self-checkout. It also discusses supply chain management and information systems technologies currently used by retailers like Walmart, Zara, and H&M to gain strategic advantages through efficient supply chains. These include vendor managed inventory, data warehousing, electronic data interchange, radio frequency identification, and efforts to reduce the "bullwhip effect."
This document discusses supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as designing and managing processes across organizational boundaries to match supply and demand in the most cost-effective way. A supply chain involves all parties involved in moving a product from supplier to customer, including organizations, people, activities, information, and resources. Major issues affecting supply chain management include information technology, e-commerce, globalization, and risks. Effective supply chain management is important for business strategy and competition.
The document provides an overview of supply chain management concepts. It defines a supply chain as including all stages involved in fulfilling a customer request, from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors and retailers. It describes key supply chain flows of information, products, and funds. It also presents different views of viewing supply chains, including the cycle view defining different cycles like procurement, manufacturing, and replenishment, and the push/pull view distinguishing between processes executed in response to customer demand versus in anticipation of demand. Finally it provides examples of supply chains for companies like Toyota, Amazon, and Bisleri mineral water.
Building the connected Supply Chain – how digital is transforming Asia-PacificOrange Business Services
Asia Pacific is one of the world’s major production, manufacturing and distribution hubs. APAC companies are now seeking out ‘smarter’ supply chains to improve overall operational effectiveness. What digital tools are impacting the supply chain?Read more here.
More about Orange Business Services:
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NEW REALITY: Selling Duality & Supply Chain DualityTom Craig
Omnichannel requires different supply chains to drive success in each channel. One Size Does Not Fit All. This is global event. Across industries and markets. And it is constantly changing. View the New Supply Chain Elements and Essentials. And more. For manufacturers and retailers.
This chapter discusses key concepts in supply chain management including defining supply chains and the bullwhip effect. It describes the components and issues affecting modern supply chains, including the role of e-commerce, globalization, and sustainability. Sourcing decisions are explained along with developing strategic supplier partnerships through information sharing, risk mitigation, and a shared vision. Ethics in supply chain management are also covered.
The document discusses supply chain management and various supply chain models. It summarizes that a supply chain involves suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers working together to acquire raw materials, convert them to final products, and deliver the products to retailers. Supply chain management plans, organizes, coordinates, and controls all supply chain activities. The document then discusses Dell's supply chain and how Dell transformed its supply chain to address problems through innovations like build-to-order manufacturing and electronic integration with suppliers and customers. This allowed Dell to become the number one PC seller.
Supply chain management involves the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a competitive advantage. It refers to the network of organizations and business processes involved in procuring materials, transforming them into finished products, and distributing them to customers. The goal is the integration of suppliers, distributors, and customers into a cohesive process. Information systems that automate information flow between firms and suppliers help optimize planning, sourcing, manufacturing, and delivery to meet customer demands.
There is a new supply chain management that drove the success of Amazon and e-commerce. And it is moving across industries, markets and the world. Speed is the new competition. Are you a leader or a laggard here? What it is. Essentials/Elements. Think Supply Chain Management Is Disruptive Innovation. Manufacturers. Retailers.
Electronic Commerce
Tenth Edition
Chapter 5
Business-to-Business Activities: Improving Efficiency and Reducing Costs
1
1
1
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
2
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about:
How businesses use the Internet to improve purchasing, logistics, and other support activities
Electronic data interchange and how it works
How businesses have moved some of their electronic data interchange operations to the Internet
2
2
3
Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
Supply chain management and how businesses are using Internet technologies to improve it
Electronic marketplaces and portals that make purchase-sale negotiations easier and more efficient
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
3
3
3
4
Purchasing, Logistics, and
Business Support Processes
Recap
Strategy issues arise when providing information to potential customers
Value chain model’s primary activities
Identify customers, market and sell, and deliver
Many business models for selling on the Web
Used in B2B e-commerce
Apply to B2C e-commerce
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
4
4
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
5
Purchasing, Logistics, and
Business Support Processes (cont’d.)
Companies use electronic commerce to:
Improve purchasing and logistics
Improve all support activities
Provide potential cost reductions, business process improvements
Necessary characteristic: flexibility
Economic organizations evolving from hierarchical structures to new, more flexible network structures
Reduced transaction cost through Internet and Web technologies for business processes
5
Purchasing, Logistics, and
Business Support Processes (cont’d.)
Outsourcing: use of other organizations to perform specific activities
Typically manufacturing
Offshoring: outsourcing done by organizations in other countries
Internet-enabled activities: purchasing, research and development, record keeping, information management
Business process offshoring
Impact sourcing or smart sourcing: offshoring done by or through not-for-profit organizations
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
6
6
Purchasing Activities
Identify and evaluate vendors, select specific products, place orders, resolve any issues after receiving ordered goods or services
Supply chain
Part of industry value chain preceding a particular strategic business unit
Includes all activities undertaken by every predecessor in the value chain to:
Design, produce, promote, market, deliver, support each individual component of a product or service
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
7
7
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
8
Purchasing Activities (cont’d.)
Traditionally
Purchasing department buys components at lowest price possible
Bidding process focus: individual component cost
Procurement includes:
All purchasing activities
Monitoring all purchase transaction elements
Managing and developing supplier relationships
8
Electronic Commerce, Tenth Edition
9
Purchasing Activities (cont’d.)
Procurement also called suppl ...
New Normal and New Supply Chain Management -- Part 2Tom Craig
With the pandemic, companies around the world confirmed the strategic and critical importance of SCM. All the time that the pandemic has gone on. The new, post-pandemic supply chain management is key to much that companies, both manufacturers and retailers, have to do. E-commerce. Supply chain resilience. Reshore. And the impact of the pandemic-- Inventory. Understand your end-to-end supply chain. Change is not an option.
1. A supply chain involves all parties involved in fulfilling a customer request, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. Materials and products flow between these entities.
2. Supply chain management (SCM) aims to efficiently integrate these entities so that the right products are delivered to the right place at the right time while minimizing costs.
3. Uncertainty is inherent in supply chains and can cause fluctuations in inventory levels and backorders, even if customer demand remains steady. SCM strategies aim to reduce this uncertainty and its negative effects.
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Ecommerce Chap 13
1. Chapter 13
Order Fulfillment, Logistics,
Supply Chain Management
1
2. Learning Objectives
1. Understand the role of order fulfillment and back-office
operations in EC
2. Describe the process of order fulfillment
3. Understand the concept of the supply chain, its
importance and management
4. Describe the problems of managing the supply chain
and the use of innovative solutions there
5. Describe the need for integrating information systems of
front office and back office
6. Trace the evolution of software that support activities
along the supply chain and their management
7. Understand the relationship among ERP, SCM and EC.
2
3. The Y2K Order Fulfillment
Problem
In Dec. 1999 Competition among E-Tailers
increases
Special area: Toys; Big promotions, coupons
Demand: very high, not anticipated
Retailers: were unable to meet demand
Customers: very unhappy
Similar problems in gifts, book, etc.
Also: online retailers has warehousing and
logistics problems 3
4. Order Fulfillment
Taking orders may be the easiest part
Difficulties in groceries and fresh food
One reason: Customized products
Second: Pull type manufacturing
4
6. Major Concepts
Order fulfillment: Deliver right order on
time
Front office operations: Order taking,
advertisement, CRM
Back office operations: Accounting,
finance, inventor, packaging, logistics
Logistics: Managing the flow of goods,
information and money along the supply
chain 6
9. Shipping a Tropical Fish
1. Placing order, payment
2. Transfer order to petstore.com, check stock
3. Use an wholesaler to get the fish
4. Supplier finds fish, ships to wholesalers
5. Wholesalers rushes to Petstore
6. Petstore uses FedEx to ship to customer
with copy of credit card payment
Discussion: What is the contribution of EC?
9
10. Why Intermediaries?
1. Wholesaler and deliveries in the Petstore
case
2. Wholesalers as an aggregators; between
many sellers and buyers
3. Can a virtual store replace a retailer?
4. Direct sales for large items
5. Example: The Lego Co. case
10
11. Channel Conflict
Elimination of Intermediary many create a
conflict
Conflict between online and offline
distribution
This may impact order fulfillment and returns
What if a manufacturer sells both wholesale
and retail? (Microsoft)
Customized product by manufacturers: ideal
for direct sale 11
12. Supply Chain Management
Definition: Flow of material, information,
money, etc. from raw material suppliers
through factories to customers
It includes: organizations, procedures,
people
SCM: Integration of the business
processes along the chain, Planning,
Organizing, control of many activities
Activities: Purchasing, delivery,
12
packaging, checking, warehousing, etc.
14. Components-Description
Upstream: Suppliers, their suppliers
Upstream
(several tiers). From Raw material to the
company
Internal: All internal process that add
Internal
value, conversion to find products
Downstream: All activities in distribution
Downstream
and delivery to end customers
14
16. Benefits of SCM
Reduce uncertainty along the chain
Proper inventory levels in the chain
Minimize delays
Eliminate rush (unplanned) activities
Provide superb customer service
Major contributor of success (ever
survival)
16
17. Global Supply Chain
Can be very long
Possible cross-broader problems
Need information technology support of:
communication and collaboration
Possible delays due to: customs, tax,
translations, politics
17
18. Problems along the Supply
Chain
Delays in production, distribution etc.
Expensive Inventories
Lack of partners’ coordination
Uncertainties in deliveries
Poor demand forecast
Interference with production
Poor quality
18
19. More difficulties
Virtual companies do not have logistics
infrastructures
One company is a member of several
supply chain
Conventional warehouses are too
expensive
Need automatic warehouses with robots
as pickers
19
20. Preliminary Activities
Understand the supply chain (flow charts)
Study internal and external parts
Performance measurement are a must
(Benchmarking)
Multidimension performance analysis
a BPR may be needed
People’s relationships are a must
20
21. Areas of Opportunities
Manufacturing processes
Warehousing operation
Packaging and delivery
Material inspection/receiving
Inbound and outbound transportation
Reverse logistics (return)
In-plant material handling
Vendor management program
Customer order processing 21
22. Areas of Opportunities
(cont’d)
Invoicing, auditing and other accounting
activities
Collaboration procedures with partners
Employee training and deployments
Labor scheduling
Use of teams and empowerment of
employees
Automation of processes
Use of software for facilitating all the above
Inventory management and control 22
23. Using Inventories
An insurance against stock out
Can be in several places
Can be excessive
Can be insufficient
Example: Littlewoods stores; UK
23
24. Proper SCN
Coordination is needed
Understanding of the causes/problems
Information flow is a key
Communication is important
IT is needed
24
25. Information Technology for SCM
Links that enable
communication/collaboration
Links the partners
Provide effective and efficient solutions
Extremely important
Need for information sharing
25
26. IT as problem solver
Supply Chain I T solut ion
Problem
Linear sequence of Parallel processing, using workflow s/w
processing – too slow
Waiting times between Identify reason (DSS s/w) and expedite
chain segments – communication and collaboration (Intranets,
excessive GroupWare)
Existence of non-valued Value analysis (SCM s/w), simulation s/w
added activities
Slow delivery of paper Electronic documents and communication
documents system (e.g. EDI, email)
Repeat process activities Electronic verifications (s/w agents),
automation; eliminating human errors
26
27. The bullwhip effect
Slight changes in actual demand create
problems
Partners build “just in case” inventories
Lack of trust among partners
Stockpilling result in huge cost
The manufacturers can not plan
production
Cannot order material from suppliers
27
28. Avoiding the sting of the
bullwhip
Information sharing is a must
Trust and agreements
How to do it?
$30 billion/year just in the grocery industry
28
29. IT solutions
Automate order taking
Use EDI/Internet
Web based ordering; intelligent agents
Electronic payments
Make-to-order (JIT)
Tracking systems
Supplier monitor and manage inventories
Information from POS to suppliers
Electronic trading markets and exchanges
29
30. Electronic trading
markets/exchanges
One company with many suppliers
(catalogs, auctions)
One company with many buyers (RFQ)
Exchanges controlled by few large
companies (e.g. ANX)
3rd party managed exchanges
Vertical vs. Horizontal portals
30
31. Non-supply Chain
Partnerships
Starbucks: Coffee to retailers, customers
Needed fast service; less expensive
Kozmo delivers in cities 30-60 minutes
Kozmo.com: Had a problem with drop
boxes for returns
Partnership: Place Kozmo’s drop boxes
inside starbuck coffee houses (open long
hours) solve both problems
Amazon uses Kozmo for fast deliveries
31
32. The Role of 7-Eleven &
Convenience Stores
Can be used as a collection point for
returns
Can be used as a pick up place
Can be used as a place for order placing
Can pay in cash/card to the store
Returns are a problem: up to 30%
32
33. The role of FedEx &
Similar Shippers
From a delivery to all-logistics
Many services (see Box 13.4)
Complete inventory control
Packaging, warehousing, reordering etc.
Tracking services to customers
33
34. Software Support
SCM act ivit ies Type of sof t w are
Upstream activities Suppliers’ management,
ordering systems, order
tracking systems
I nternal supply chain - I nventory management
activities - Purchasing and order
management
- Budgeting, cost control
- Human resources information
Downstream Saleperson productivity tools,
activities online telemarketing, ad.
Management etc. 34
35. Integration-Benefits
Automation of segments useful, but…
Tangible benefits
Inventory reduction, personnel reduction,
productivity improvement, order management
improvement, financial cycle improvements.
Intangible benefits
Information visibility, new / improved processes,
customer responsiveness, standardization,
flexibility, globalization, and business
performance. 35
36. Integration along the
Supply Chain
Need to streamline operations
New business models
New organizational relationships (virtual
companies)
Examples Warner Lamber and Wal*Mart
(Box 13.5)
36
37. Areas of Integration
Order taking - production inventory levels
Payment info in B2B - Visa, Master Card,
etc.
Low inventory levels - automatic ordering
Order to manufacturing - generate a list of
needed resources & their availability
Changes in an order - transmit to suppliers
and their suppliers
37
Tracking systems - available to customers
38. Evolution of Software
Integration
Completely Independent of each other
MRP= Material Requirements Planning:
MRP
Inventory, production
MRPII=Manufacturing Requirements
MRPII
Planning
more integrated, MRP+Finance+labor
ERP=Enterprise Resources Planning
All functional areas
Extended ERP=Include suppliers, customers
ERP 38
39. From SAP to mySAP.com
SAP=Traditional ERP=Automate and
Integrate transactions
MySAP.com = web based comprehensive
system
Workplace - a personalized, role-based interface
Marketplace - one stop destination for business
professional to collaborate
Business Scenarios - products for the Internet and
intranet
Application-hosing - hosting Web applications for
39
SMEs
40. Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP)
ERP = Integrating business processes and
activities in real time
Solves many supply chain problems
Necessary for medium to large corporations
Helpful also for some SMEs
Need to interface with EC order taking system
Manages all routine transactions in the
Enterprise
Recently extended to suppliers and customers
40
41. Developing ERP Systems
Do it yourself, from scratch (only few will)
Use Integrated packages such as R/3
from SAP
“Best of Bread” approach, using
integrating software
Rent in from ASP service
41
42. Post ERP (2nd Generation)
1st generation - transaction processing orientation
2nd generation
including decision making capabilities
EC requires decision support
EC requires business intelligence
SCM software: Production Planning, Manpower
utilization, Profitability models, market analysis.
Integration of SCM capabilities
Other added functionalities: CRM, KM
42
43. ASP
Leasing information systems application
Back to the days of “time sharing”
A risk prevention strategy
Very popular with ERP (expensive,
cumbersome)
43