Design patterns are commonly used to address problems relating to application architecture and design. The concept originated from Christopher Alexander's work noting common building design problems and solutions. Design patterns ensure problems are addressed through well-known solutions, and most problems have likely been solved before. Common patterns include observer/subject to separate user interface from business logic, singleton to control object construction, strategy to allow multiple algorithms, and template method to define an algorithm's structure. The facade pattern provides different views of subsystems to users by hiding implementation details. The command pattern encapsulates requests as objects with a known interface to decouple senders and receivers.