Name: Sadia Mahajabin
ID : 10.01.03.098
4th year 2nd Semester
Section : B
Department of Civil Engineering
Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology
Lec06 Analysis and Design of T Beams (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Ab...Hossam Shafiq II
1) T-beams are commonly used structural elements that can take two forms: isolated precast T-beams or T-beams formed by the interaction of slabs and beams in buildings.
2) The analysis and design of T-beams considers the effective flange width provided by slab interaction or the dimensions of an isolated precast flange.
3) Two methods are used to analyze T-beams: assuming the stress block is in the flange and using rectangular beam theory, or using a decomposition method if the stress block extends into the web.
Lec09 Shear in RC Beams (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Abdelhamid Charif)Hossam Shafiq II
This document discusses shear in reinforced concrete beams. It covers shear stress and failure modes, shear strength provided by concrete and steel stirrups, design according to code provisions, and critical shear sections. Key points include: transverse loads induce shear stress perpendicular to bending stresses; shear failure is brittle and must be designed to exceed flexural strength; nominal shear strength comes from concrete and steel stirrups according to code equations; design requires checking section adequacy and providing minimum steel area and maximum stirrup spacing. Critical shear sections for design are located a distance d from supports.
This document provides an overview of design in reinforced concrete according to BS 8110. It discusses the basic materials used - concrete and steel reinforcement - and their properties. It describes two limit states for design: ultimate limit state considering failure, and serviceability limit state considering deflection and cracking. Key aspects of beam design are summarized, including types of beams, design for bending and shear resistance, and limiting deflection. Reinforcement detailing rules are also briefly covered.
1) The document discusses the analysis of flanged beam sections like T-beams and L-beams. It covers topics like effective flange width, positive and negative moment regions, and ACI code provisions for estimating effective flange width.
2) Examples are provided for analyzing a T-beam and an L-beam section. This includes calculating the effective flange width, checking steel strain, minimum reinforcement requirements, and computing nominal moments.
3) Reinforcement limitations for flange beams are also outlined, covering requirements for flanges in compression and tension.
Chapter 3-analysis of statically determinate trussesISET NABEUL
The document discusses various types of trusses used in building structures including simple trusses, compound trusses, and complex trusses. It also covers the assumptions made in truss analysis, classifications of trusses based on stability and determinacy, and different methods for analyzing trusses including the method of joints, method of sections, and analyzing zero force members. Several examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply these analysis methods to solve for unknown member forces in various truss configurations.
The document discusses analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams. It begins by explaining how compression reinforcement allows less concrete to resist tension, moving the neutral axis up. It then provides the equations for analyzing strain compatibility and equilibrium in doubly reinforced sections. The document discusses finding the compression reinforcement strain and stress through iteration. It provides reasons for using compression reinforcement, including reducing deflection and increasing ductility. Finally, it includes an example problem demonstrating the full analysis process.
Approximate analysis methods make simplifying assumptions to determine preliminary member forces and dimensions for indeterminate structures. Case 1 assumes diagonals cannot carry compression and shares shear between diagonals. Case 2 allows compression in diagonals. Portal and cantilever methods analyze frames by dividing into substructures at assumed hinge locations, solving each sequentially from top to bottom.
CE 72.52 - Lecture 7 - Strut and Tie ModelsFawad Najam
The document discusses the strut-and-tie approach for analyzing concrete structures. It begins with background concepts such as Bernoulli's hypothesis, St. Venant's principle, and the lower bound theorem of plasticity. It then discusses how axial stresses, shear stresses, and the interaction of stresses affect concrete sections. The document outlines the ACI approach to shear-torsion design and provides equations from ACI 318 for calculating the concrete shear capacity. It introduces the concept of modeling concrete as a truss system and compares this to flexural behavior in beams. The strut-and-tie method is presented as a unified approach for considering all load effects. Guidelines are provided for developing an appropriate strut-and-tie model and
Lec06 Analysis and Design of T Beams (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Ab...Hossam Shafiq II
1) T-beams are commonly used structural elements that can take two forms: isolated precast T-beams or T-beams formed by the interaction of slabs and beams in buildings.
2) The analysis and design of T-beams considers the effective flange width provided by slab interaction or the dimensions of an isolated precast flange.
3) Two methods are used to analyze T-beams: assuming the stress block is in the flange and using rectangular beam theory, or using a decomposition method if the stress block extends into the web.
Lec09 Shear in RC Beams (Reinforced Concrete Design I & Prof. Abdelhamid Charif)Hossam Shafiq II
This document discusses shear in reinforced concrete beams. It covers shear stress and failure modes, shear strength provided by concrete and steel stirrups, design according to code provisions, and critical shear sections. Key points include: transverse loads induce shear stress perpendicular to bending stresses; shear failure is brittle and must be designed to exceed flexural strength; nominal shear strength comes from concrete and steel stirrups according to code equations; design requires checking section adequacy and providing minimum steel area and maximum stirrup spacing. Critical shear sections for design are located a distance d from supports.
This document provides an overview of design in reinforced concrete according to BS 8110. It discusses the basic materials used - concrete and steel reinforcement - and their properties. It describes two limit states for design: ultimate limit state considering failure, and serviceability limit state considering deflection and cracking. Key aspects of beam design are summarized, including types of beams, design for bending and shear resistance, and limiting deflection. Reinforcement detailing rules are also briefly covered.
1) The document discusses the analysis of flanged beam sections like T-beams and L-beams. It covers topics like effective flange width, positive and negative moment regions, and ACI code provisions for estimating effective flange width.
2) Examples are provided for analyzing a T-beam and an L-beam section. This includes calculating the effective flange width, checking steel strain, minimum reinforcement requirements, and computing nominal moments.
3) Reinforcement limitations for flange beams are also outlined, covering requirements for flanges in compression and tension.
Chapter 3-analysis of statically determinate trussesISET NABEUL
The document discusses various types of trusses used in building structures including simple trusses, compound trusses, and complex trusses. It also covers the assumptions made in truss analysis, classifications of trusses based on stability and determinacy, and different methods for analyzing trusses including the method of joints, method of sections, and analyzing zero force members. Several examples are provided to demonstrate how to apply these analysis methods to solve for unknown member forces in various truss configurations.
The document discusses analysis of doubly reinforced concrete beams. It begins by explaining how compression reinforcement allows less concrete to resist tension, moving the neutral axis up. It then provides the equations for analyzing strain compatibility and equilibrium in doubly reinforced sections. The document discusses finding the compression reinforcement strain and stress through iteration. It provides reasons for using compression reinforcement, including reducing deflection and increasing ductility. Finally, it includes an example problem demonstrating the full analysis process.
Approximate analysis methods make simplifying assumptions to determine preliminary member forces and dimensions for indeterminate structures. Case 1 assumes diagonals cannot carry compression and shares shear between diagonals. Case 2 allows compression in diagonals. Portal and cantilever methods analyze frames by dividing into substructures at assumed hinge locations, solving each sequentially from top to bottom.
CE 72.52 - Lecture 7 - Strut and Tie ModelsFawad Najam
The document discusses the strut-and-tie approach for analyzing concrete structures. It begins with background concepts such as Bernoulli's hypothesis, St. Venant's principle, and the lower bound theorem of plasticity. It then discusses how axial stresses, shear stresses, and the interaction of stresses affect concrete sections. The document outlines the ACI approach to shear-torsion design and provides equations from ACI 318 for calculating the concrete shear capacity. It introduces the concept of modeling concrete as a truss system and compares this to flexural behavior in beams. The strut-and-tie method is presented as a unified approach for considering all load effects. Guidelines are provided for developing an appropriate strut-and-tie model and
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
The document discusses different methods of designing concrete structures, focusing on the limit state method. It describes the limit state method's goal of achieving an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unsuitable for its intended use during its lifetime. The document then discusses stress-strain curves for concrete and steel. It covers stress block parameters and equations for calculating the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for singly reinforced concrete beams. The document concludes by providing examples of analyzing an existing beam section and designing a new beam section.
Lec11 Continuous Beams and One Way Slabs(1) (Reinforced Concrete Design I & P...Hossam Shafiq II
The document discusses reinforced concrete continuity and analysis methods for continuous beams and one-way slabs. It describes how steel reinforcement must extend through members to provide structural continuity. The ACI/SBC coefficient method of analysis is summarized, which uses coefficient tables to determine maximum shear forces and bending moments for continuous beams and one-way slabs under various loading conditions in a simplified manner compared to elastic analysis. Requirements for applying the coefficient method include having multiple spans with ratios less than 1.2, prismatic member sections, and live loads less than 3 times dead loads.
Calulation of deflection and crack width according to is 456 2000Vikas Mehta
This document discusses the calculation of crack width in reinforced concrete flexural members. It provides information on:
1) Crack width is calculated to satisfy serviceability limits and is only relevant for Type 3 pre-stressed concrete members that crack under service loads.
2) Crack width depends on factors like amount of pre-stress, tensile stress in bars, concrete cover thickness, bar diameter and spacing, member depth and location of neutral axis, bond strength, and concrete tensile strength.
3) The method of calculation involves determining the shortest distance from the surface to a bar and using equations involving member depth, neutral axis depth, average strain at the surface level. Permissible crack widths are specified depending on exposure
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
This document discusses the design of beams for torsion. It defines important terminology related to torsional design. It explains how torsion occurs in structures like bridges and buildings. It discusses threshold torsion and moment redistribution. It also covers torsional stresses, the torsional moment strength, and the torsional reinforcement required to resist torsional forces.
This document discusses T-beams, which are more suitable than rectangular beams in reinforced concrete. There are two types of T-beams: monolithic and isolated. It provides notations and code recommendations for T-beams from IS: 456. There are three cases for finding the depth of the neutral axis in a T-beam: when it lies in the flange, in the rib, or at the junction. An example problem is worked through to find the moment of resistance for a given T-beam section using the provided concrete and steel properties.
1) The document discusses design considerations for columns according to ACI code, including requirements for different types of columns like tied, spirally reinforced, and composite columns.
2) It provides details on failure modes of tied and spiral columns and code requirements for minimum reinforcement ratios, number of bars, clear spacing, cover, and cross sectional dimensions.
3) Lateral reinforcement requirements are discussed, noting ties help restrain longitudinal bars from buckling while spirals provide additional confinement at ultimate load.
Shear Force And Bending Moment Diagram For FramesAmr Hamed
This document discusses analyzing shear and moment diagrams for frames. It provides procedures for determining reactions, axial forces, shear forces, and moments at member ends. Examples are given of drawing shear and moment diagrams for simple frames with different joint conditions, including pin and roller supports. Diagrams for a three-pin frame example are shown.
This document describes the design of a pile cap by a group of civil engineering students. It defines a pile cap as a concrete mat that rests on piles driven into soft ground to provide a stable foundation. It then provides two examples of pile cap design, showing dimensions, load calculations, reinforcement requirements and construction details. The document concludes that a pile cap distributes a building's load to piles to form a stable foundation on unstable soil. It acknowledges the guidance of professors in completing this project.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
The document provides steps for designing different structural elements:
1. Design of a beam subjected to torsion including calculation of torsional and bending moments, determination of steel requirements, and detailing.
2. Design of continuous beams involving calculation of bending moments and shears, reinforcement sizing, shear design, deflection check, and detailing including curtailment.
3. Design of circular water tanks with both flexible base and rigid base using approximate and IS code methods. This includes sizing hoop and vertical tension reinforcement, sizing wall thickness, designing cantilever sections and base slabs, and providing detailing diagrams.
This document provides an example of designing a rectangular reinforced concrete beam. It includes calculating the loads, bending moment, required tension reinforcement, checking shear capacity and deflection. For a simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load, the document calculates the steel reinforcement area required using formulas and tables. It then checks that the beam satisfies requirements for shear capacity, minimum and maximum steel ratios, and deflection. The document also provides an example of designing a doubly reinforced beam.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is designed based on the column's expected loads and dimensions using methods specified in design codes like BS 8110.
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil. Different types of footings include wall footings, isolated/single footings, combined footings, cantilever/strap footings, continuous footings, rafted/mat foundations, and pile caps. Footings must be designed to safely carry and transmit loads to the soil while meeting code requirements regarding bearing capacity, settlement, reinforcement, and shear strength. A proper footing design involves determining loads, allowable soil pressure, reinforcement requirements, and assessing settlement.
This document discusses the slope-deflection method for analyzing beams and frames. It provides the theory and equations of the slope-deflection method. Examples are included to demonstrate how to use the method to determine support reactions, member end moments, and draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
Geotechnical Engineering-II [Lec #19: General Bearing Capacity Equation]Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
1) Two-way slabs are slabs that require reinforcement in two directions because bending occurs in both the longitudinal and transverse directions when the ratio of longest span to shortest span is less than 2.
2) The document discusses various types of two-way slabs and design methods, focusing on the direct design method (DDM).
3) Using the DDM, the total factored load is first calculated, then the total factored moment is distributed to positive and negative moments. The moments are further distributed to column and middle strips using factors that consider the slab and beam properties.
This document provides information on the structural design of a simply supported reinforced concrete beam. It includes:
- A list of students enrolled in an elementary structural design course.
- Equations and diagrams showing the forces and stresses in a reinforced concrete beam with a singly reinforced bottom section.
- Limits on the maximum depth of the neutral axis according to the grade of steel.
- Examples of analyzing the stresses and determining steel reinforcement for a given beam cross-section.
- A design example calculating the dimensions and steel reinforcement for a rectangular beam with a factored uniform load.
The document provides derivations of design equations for reinforced concrete beams. It begins by deriving the equation for maximum moment capacity of a singly reinforced beam based on concrete strength as M=0.167*fck*b*d^2. It then derives equations for doubly reinforced beams where compression steel is also required. The document further derives equations for design of flanged beams depending on whether the neutral axis lies within the flange or web. It concludes by outlining design procedures for singly and doubly reinforced beams.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
The document discusses different methods of designing concrete structures, focusing on the limit state method. It describes the limit state method's goal of achieving an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unsuitable for its intended use during its lifetime. The document then discusses stress-strain curves for concrete and steel. It covers stress block parameters and equations for calculating the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for singly reinforced concrete beams. The document concludes by providing examples of analyzing an existing beam section and designing a new beam section.
Lec11 Continuous Beams and One Way Slabs(1) (Reinforced Concrete Design I & P...Hossam Shafiq II
The document discusses reinforced concrete continuity and analysis methods for continuous beams and one-way slabs. It describes how steel reinforcement must extend through members to provide structural continuity. The ACI/SBC coefficient method of analysis is summarized, which uses coefficient tables to determine maximum shear forces and bending moments for continuous beams and one-way slabs under various loading conditions in a simplified manner compared to elastic analysis. Requirements for applying the coefficient method include having multiple spans with ratios less than 1.2, prismatic member sections, and live loads less than 3 times dead loads.
Calulation of deflection and crack width according to is 456 2000Vikas Mehta
This document discusses the calculation of crack width in reinforced concrete flexural members. It provides information on:
1) Crack width is calculated to satisfy serviceability limits and is only relevant for Type 3 pre-stressed concrete members that crack under service loads.
2) Crack width depends on factors like amount of pre-stress, tensile stress in bars, concrete cover thickness, bar diameter and spacing, member depth and location of neutral axis, bond strength, and concrete tensile strength.
3) The method of calculation involves determining the shortest distance from the surface to a bar and using equations involving member depth, neutral axis depth, average strain at the surface level. Permissible crack widths are specified depending on exposure
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
This document discusses the design of beams for torsion. It defines important terminology related to torsional design. It explains how torsion occurs in structures like bridges and buildings. It discusses threshold torsion and moment redistribution. It also covers torsional stresses, the torsional moment strength, and the torsional reinforcement required to resist torsional forces.
This document discusses T-beams, which are more suitable than rectangular beams in reinforced concrete. There are two types of T-beams: monolithic and isolated. It provides notations and code recommendations for T-beams from IS: 456. There are three cases for finding the depth of the neutral axis in a T-beam: when it lies in the flange, in the rib, or at the junction. An example problem is worked through to find the moment of resistance for a given T-beam section using the provided concrete and steel properties.
1) The document discusses design considerations for columns according to ACI code, including requirements for different types of columns like tied, spirally reinforced, and composite columns.
2) It provides details on failure modes of tied and spiral columns and code requirements for minimum reinforcement ratios, number of bars, clear spacing, cover, and cross sectional dimensions.
3) Lateral reinforcement requirements are discussed, noting ties help restrain longitudinal bars from buckling while spirals provide additional confinement at ultimate load.
Shear Force And Bending Moment Diagram For FramesAmr Hamed
This document discusses analyzing shear and moment diagrams for frames. It provides procedures for determining reactions, axial forces, shear forces, and moments at member ends. Examples are given of drawing shear and moment diagrams for simple frames with different joint conditions, including pin and roller supports. Diagrams for a three-pin frame example are shown.
This document describes the design of a pile cap by a group of civil engineering students. It defines a pile cap as a concrete mat that rests on piles driven into soft ground to provide a stable foundation. It then provides two examples of pile cap design, showing dimensions, load calculations, reinforcement requirements and construction details. The document concludes that a pile cap distributes a building's load to piles to form a stable foundation on unstable soil. It acknowledges the guidance of professors in completing this project.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
The document provides steps for designing different structural elements:
1. Design of a beam subjected to torsion including calculation of torsional and bending moments, determination of steel requirements, and detailing.
2. Design of continuous beams involving calculation of bending moments and shears, reinforcement sizing, shear design, deflection check, and detailing including curtailment.
3. Design of circular water tanks with both flexible base and rigid base using approximate and IS code methods. This includes sizing hoop and vertical tension reinforcement, sizing wall thickness, designing cantilever sections and base slabs, and providing detailing diagrams.
This document provides an example of designing a rectangular reinforced concrete beam. It includes calculating the loads, bending moment, required tension reinforcement, checking shear capacity and deflection. For a simply supported beam with a uniformly distributed load, the document calculates the steel reinforcement area required using formulas and tables. It then checks that the beam satisfies requirements for shear capacity, minimum and maximum steel ratios, and deflection. The document also provides an example of designing a doubly reinforced beam.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is designed based on the column's expected loads and dimensions using methods specified in design codes like BS 8110.
Footings are structural members that support columns and walls and transmit their loads to the soil. Different types of footings include wall footings, isolated/single footings, combined footings, cantilever/strap footings, continuous footings, rafted/mat foundations, and pile caps. Footings must be designed to safely carry and transmit loads to the soil while meeting code requirements regarding bearing capacity, settlement, reinforcement, and shear strength. A proper footing design involves determining loads, allowable soil pressure, reinforcement requirements, and assessing settlement.
This document discusses the slope-deflection method for analyzing beams and frames. It provides the theory and equations of the slope-deflection method. Examples are included to demonstrate how to use the method to determine support reactions, member end moments, and draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
Geotechnical Engineering-II [Lec #19: General Bearing Capacity Equation]Muhammad Irfan
Class notes of Geotechnical Engineering course I used to teach at UET Lahore. Feel free to download the slide show.
Anyone looking to modify these files and use them for their own teaching purposes can contact me directly to get hold of editable version.
1) Two-way slabs are slabs that require reinforcement in two directions because bending occurs in both the longitudinal and transverse directions when the ratio of longest span to shortest span is less than 2.
2) The document discusses various types of two-way slabs and design methods, focusing on the direct design method (DDM).
3) Using the DDM, the total factored load is first calculated, then the total factored moment is distributed to positive and negative moments. The moments are further distributed to column and middle strips using factors that consider the slab and beam properties.
This document provides information on the structural design of a simply supported reinforced concrete beam. It includes:
- A list of students enrolled in an elementary structural design course.
- Equations and diagrams showing the forces and stresses in a reinforced concrete beam with a singly reinforced bottom section.
- Limits on the maximum depth of the neutral axis according to the grade of steel.
- Examples of analyzing the stresses and determining steel reinforcement for a given beam cross-section.
- A design example calculating the dimensions and steel reinforcement for a rectangular beam with a factored uniform load.
The document provides derivations of design equations for reinforced concrete beams. It begins by deriving the equation for maximum moment capacity of a singly reinforced beam based on concrete strength as M=0.167*fck*b*d^2. It then derives equations for doubly reinforced beams where compression steel is also required. The document further derives equations for design of flanged beams depending on whether the neutral axis lies within the flange or web. It concludes by outlining design procedures for singly and doubly reinforced beams.
This document provides information on the design of singly reinforced concrete beams. It defines key terms like overall depth, effective depth, cover, and neutral axis. It explains that a singly reinforced beam only has steel reinforcement in the tension zone. The document also describes balanced and unbalanced beam sections, including under-reinforced and over-reinforced beams. It lists design rules for beams and explains the procedure for designing a singly reinforced beam using the working stress method.
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
1. The nominal resisting moment of reinforced concrete beams with compression steel is calculated as the sum of two parts: the moment due to compression concrete and tensile steel, and the moment due to compression steel and tensile steel.
2. The strain in the compression steel is checked to determine if it has yielded, and then the compression stress is calculated.
3. The analysis procedure involves determining the neutral axis location, checking compression steel yield, and calculating section ductility and design moment strength.
The document discusses the basic concepts of structural design in reinforced concrete. It covers relevant codes of practice, the limit state method for design, material properties, loading, stress-strain relationships, and considerations for durability and fire resistance. The key points are that reinforced concrete design involves steel reinforcement embedded in concrete to utilize their complementary properties, and must satisfy ultimate and serviceability limit states according to codes like BS 8110.
This document provides a syllabus for the course CE 315: Design of Concrete Structures I. It outlines topics that will be covered including fundamental behavior of reinforced concrete, analysis and design of beams, shear and diagonal tension, and serviceability requirements. It lists recommended textbooks and references other concrete and reinforced concrete resources. It also discusses key concepts in structural design including loads, safety factors, design codes, and fundamental assumptions in reinforced concrete behavior and design of members under axial loads.
Presentation on rectangular beam design by USD method000041
This document provides a summary of the presentation on rectangular beam design using the Ultimate Strength Design (USD) method for singly and doubly reinforced beams. It discusses factors affecting design such as concrete strength, steel yield strength, reinforcement spacing, and concrete cover. It also covers important considerations like factored loads and capacity reduction factors. Key definitions are presented for balanced steel ratio, under-reinforced beams, and over-reinforced beams. Design types and equations for singly and doubly reinforced beams are shown for flexure and shear.
Solution Manual of Design of Concrete Structure, Aurther H. Nelson(13th Editi...Mohotasimur Anik
This document contains examples of structural design calculations for beams and columns. It includes calculations for:
- Shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams
- Steel beam design calculations including section modulus, moment of inertia, stresses
- Column design calculations including slenderness ratio, effective length, buckling load
- Foundation design calculations including bearing capacity
The examples show calculations of key parameters like bending stress, shear stress, buckling load, and bearing capacity to design and analyze different structural elements.
This document provides information on reinforced concrete design methods and concepts. It discusses the different types of loads considered in building design, the advantages of reinforced concrete, and disadvantages. It also covers working stress method assumptions, modular ratio definition, and limit state method advantages over other methods. Limit state is defined as a state of impending failure beyond which a structure can no longer function satisfactorily in terms of safety or serviceability.
This document discusses composite construction, specifically composite steel and concrete beams. It provides definitions and examples of composite construction, explaining that it aims to make each material perform the function it is best suited for. It then describes the differences between non-composite and composite beam behavior. The document goes on to discuss elements of composite construction like decking and shear studs. It also summarizes the design process for composite beams, covering moment capacity, shear capacity, shear connector capacity, and longitudinal shear capacity calculations.
This document provides information on analysis and design of reinforced concrete beams. It discusses key concepts such as modular ratio, neutral axis, stress diagrams, and types of reinforcement. It also defines under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. Several examples are provided to illustrate determination of neutral axis depth, moment of resistance, steel percentage, and stresses in concrete and steel reinforcement. Design aspects like maximum load capacity are also explained through examples.
The document discusses the historical background and advantages of the strength design method for reinforced concrete structures. It provides details on how structural safety is assured through factored loads and reduced material strengths. Key aspects of the strength design method covered include derivation of expressions for beam design, minimum and balanced steel ratios, requirements for under-reinforced and over-reinforced beams, and minimum thickness and deflection requirements.
rectangular and section analysis in bending and shearqueripan
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete beams for bending and shear. It covers the analysis of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular beam sections. Key points covered include the concept of neutral axis, under-reinforced and over-reinforced sections, design of bending reinforcement, design of shear reinforcement including link spacing, and deflection criteria. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate the design of bending and shear reinforcement for rectangular beams.
The document summarizes the working stress design method for reinforced concrete structures. It describes the key assumptions of the method, including that concrete and steel obey Hooke's law, strain is proportional to distance from the neutral axis, and tension in concrete is negligible. The transformed section method is also summarized, where the steel area is replaced by an equivalent concrete area while satisfying compatibility of strains and equilibrium of forces. Several examples are provided to demonstrate calculating stresses in concrete and steel for different beam cross-sections under given loads using the working stress design method.
T-Beam Design by USD method-10.01.03.102Sadia Mitu
This document defines and describes T-beams, which are concrete beams with a flange formed by a monolithically cast slab. It provides definitions of T-beams, explaining that the slab acts as a compression flange while the web below resists shear and separates bending forces. The document outlines the ultimate strength design method and effective flange width concept used in T-beam analysis and design. It then presents the design procedure for T-beams, discussing analysis of positive and negative bending moments as well as singly and doubly reinforced beams. Advantages and disadvantages of T-beams are listed at the end.
As-salamu alaykum
Welcome to the presentation on “T Beam Design: Singly & Doubly by USD method” Presented By -
S. M. Rahat Rahman
ID: 10.01.03.104
1.Contents :
USD (Ultimate Strength Design Method)
T-beam
T - Beam acts Like Singly Reinforced Beam
T – Action vs rectangular Action
Effective Flange width of t-beam
Strength analysis
Nominal moment for t section
2. USD : Based on the ultimate strength of the structure member assuming a failure condition , due to concrete crushing or yielding of steel. Although there is additional strength of steel after yielding (strain hardening zone) which will not be considered in the design.
Actual loads are multiplied by load factor to obtain the ultimate design loads. ACI code emphasizes this method.
3. T Beam : For monolithically casted slabs, a part of a slab act as a part of beam to resist longitudinal compressive force in the moment zone and form a T-Section. This section form the shape of a "T“ . It can resist the longitudinal compression
4. Occurrence and Configuration of T-Beams
• Common construction type
• The slab forms the beam flange, while the part of the beam projecting below the slab forms is what is called web or stem.
5. Singly Reinforced Reinforcement is provided in tension zone only
6. Doubly Reinforced > Concrete can not develop the required compressive force to resist the maximum bending moment
> Reinforcement is provided in both compression and tension zone.
7. T-Beam Act As a Singly Reinforced Beam
8. Continuous T Beam :
When T-shaped sections are subjected to negative bending moments, the flange is located in the tension zone. Since concrete strength in tension is usually neglected in strength design, the sections are treated as rectangular sections.
On the other hand, when sections are subjected to positive bending moments, the flange is located in the compression zone and the section is treated as a T-section.
9. Effective Flange Width
10. Strength analysis of T beam
11. Analysis of T beam
12. T Beam moment calculation
Study of Steel Moment Resisting Frame with Reduced Beam SectionIJERA Editor
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1. PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE LAB
CE-416
Name: Sadia Mahajabin
ID: 10.01.03.098
Section: B
Course Teacher:
Mr. Galib Muktadir & Sabreena N. Mouri
Department of Civil Engineering
3. Based on the ultimate strength of the structure
assuming a failure condition either due to concrete
crushing or by yielding of steel.Additional strength of
steel due to strain hardening is not encountered in the
analysis or design.
Actual / working loads are multiplied by load factor to
obtain the design loads.
ACI codes emphasizes this method.
5. 1. Plane sections before bending remain plane after bending.
2. Strain in concrete is the same as in reinforcing bars at the
same level, provided that the bond between the steel and
concrete is sufficient to keep them acting together under the
different load stages i.e., no slip can occur between the two
materials.
3. The stress-strain curves for the steel and concrete are known.
4.The tensile strength of concrete may be neglected.
5.At ultimate strength, the maximum strain at the extreme
compression fiber is assumed equal to 0.003
6.
7. DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
The main task of a structural engineer is the analysis and design of
structures. The two approaches of design and analysis will be used
Design of a section:
This implies that the external ultimate moment is known, and it is
required to compute the dimensions of an adequate concrete section
and the amount of steel reinforcement. Concrete strength and yield of
steel used are given.
Analysis of a section:
This implies that the dimensions and steel used in the section (in
addition to concrete and steel yield strengths) are given, and it is
required to calculate the internal ultimate moment capacity of the
section so that it can be compared with the applied external ultimate
moment.
10. Flexure Equations
actual
ACI equivalent
stress block
stress block
Image Sources: University of Michigan, Department of Architecture
As
bd
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 10/26
11. Relationship b / n the depth `a’ of the equivalent rectangular stress
block & depth `c’ of the N.A. is
a = β1 c
β1= 0.85
; fc’ 4000 psi
β1= 0.85 - 0.05(fc’ – 4000) / 1000
; 4000 < fc’ 8000
β1= 0.65
; fc’> 8000 psi
b
= Asb / bd
= 0.85fc’ ab / (fy. d)
= β1 ( 0.85 fc’ / fy) [ 87,000 / (87,000+fy)]
12. Failure Modes
As
bd
No Reinforcing
Brittle failure
Reinforcing < balance
Steel yields before concrete fails
ductile failure
Reinforcing = balance
Concrete fails just as steel yields
Reinforcing > balance
Concrete fails before steel yields
Sudden failure
m in
200
fy
Source: Polyparadigm (wikipedia)
m ax
bal
0.75
bal
0.85 1 f c'
fy
m ax
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 12/26
87000
87000 f y
SuddenDeat h!!
13. Rectangular Beam Analysis
Data:
Section dimensions – b, h, d, (span)
Steel area - As
Material properties – f’c, fy
Required:
Strength (of beam) Moment - Mn
Required (by load) Moment – Mu
Load capacity
Steps:
1. Find
As f y
a
0.85 f c'b
or
f yd
0.85 f c'
= As/bd
(check
min<
<
max)
2. Find a
Mn
M
u
A f d
M s y
n
a
2
3. Find Mn
4. Calculate Mu<=
Mn
5. Determine max. loading (or span)
Image Sources: University of Michigan, Department of Architecture
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 13/26
(1.4 wDL 1.7 wLL )l 2
Mu
8
Mu8
1.7 wLL
1.4 wDL
2
l
14. Rectangular Beam Analysis
Data:
dimensions – b, h, d, (span)
Steel area - As
Material properties – f’c, fy
Required:
Required Moment – Mu
1. Find
= As/bd
(check min<
<
max)
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 14/26
16. Rectangular Beam Design
Data:
Mu
Load and Span
Material properties – f’c, fy
All section dimensions – b and h
(1.4wDL 1.7 wLL )l 2
8
Required:
Steel area - As
Steps:
1.
Calculate the dead load and find Mu
2.
d = h – cover – stirrup – db/2 (one layer)
3.
Estimate moment arm jd (or z) 0.9 d
and find As
4.
Use As to find a
5.
Use a to find As (repeat…)
6.
Choose bars for As and check
7.
As
fy d
a
max & min
Check Mu< Mn (final condition)
Mn
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 16/26
Mu
a
2
As f y
0.85 f c'b
As f y d
a
2
17. Rectangular Beam Design
Data:
Load and Span
Material properties – f’c, fy
Mu
Required:
Steel area - As
Beam dimensions – b or d
Steps:
1.
Choose (e.g. 0.5 max or 0.18f’c/fy)
2.
Estimate the dead load and find Mu
3.
Calculate bd2
4.
Choose b and solve for d
bd
2
(1.4wDL 1.7 wLL )l 2
8
Mu
f y 1 0.59
b is based on form size – try several to find best
5.
6.
7.
Estimate h and correct weight and Mu
Find As= bd
Choose bars for As and determine spacing and
cover. Recheck h and weight.
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 17/26
As
bd
fy / f c'
18. Rectangular Beam Design
Data:
Load and Span
Material properties – f’c, fy
Required:
Steel area - As
Beam dimensions – b and d
1.
2.
Estimate the dead load and find Mu
Choose (e.g. 0.5 max or 0.18f’c/fy)
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 18/26
19. Rectangular Beam Design cont
3.
Calculate bd2
4.
Choose b and solve for d
b is based on form size.
try several to find best
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Structures II
Slide 19/26
20. Rectangular Beam Design
5.
6.
7.
Estimate h and correct
weight and Mu
Find As= bd
Choose bars for As and
determine spacing and
cover. Recheck h and
weight.
University of Michigan, TCAUP
Source: Jack C McCormac, 1978 Design of Reinforced Concrete, Harper and Row, 1978
Structures II
Slide 20/26
21. Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Sections
Beams having steel reinforcement on both the tension and
compression sides are called doubly reinforced sections.
Doubly reinforced sections are useful in case of limited
cross sectional dimensions being unable to provide the
required bending strength even when the maximum
reinforcement ratio is used
22. 1- Reduced sustained load deflections.
• transfer load to compression steel
• reduced stress in concrete
2- Ease of fabrication
• use corner bars to hold & anchor stirrups
23. Reasons for Providing Compression Reinforcement
3- Increased Ductility
reduced stress block depth → increase in steel strain larger
curvature are obtained.
4- Change failure mode from compression to tension
24. Four Possible Modes of Failure
Under reinforced Failure
( Case 1 ) Compression and tension steel yields
( Case 2 ) Only tension steel yields
Over reinforced Failure
( Case 3 ) Only compression steel yields
( Case 4 ) No yielding Concrete crushes
28. Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Sections
s
fs
s
Es
Es
Es
T
As f y
As f y
Cc C s
0.85f c ab
0.85f c 1cb
As
As f s
c d
c
0.003E s
c d
0.003
c
c d
0.003E s
c
200, 000 MPa
29, 000 ksi
fy
29. Analysis of Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Sections
Procedure:
As f y
fs
s
0.85f c 1cb
s
Es
c d
c
As
c d
c
0.003E s
c d
0.003 0.005?
c
0.003E s
fy
find c