Design of Industrial Building

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This document discusses modern equipment used in survey work, including EDM, total stations, auto levels, digital levels, remote sensing systems, and GPS. It provides details on how each tool works and its uses and benefits. EDM uses electromagnetic signals to measure distances, total stations integrate distance and angle measurement with data recording, auto levels automate leveling tasks, and digital levels use digital imaging to read staffs. Remote sensing involves analyzing data from sensors to learn about areas without contact, and GPS utilizes signals from satellites to determine location globally.

Theory of Errors

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

The document discusses types of errors that can occur in measurement including mistakes, systematic errors, and accidental errors. It defines key terms related to observations and errors such as direct observations, indirect observations, conditioned quantities, true values, most probable values, true errors, and residual errors. The document also covers laws of weights that describe how the weights of means and sums are determined. It introduces the principle of least squares and the law of accidental errors, explaining how probable errors are computed for different types of observations.

Design of Industrial Building

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

This document is a scanned copy of a letter from the Department of Homeland Security informing an individual that their application for an extension of their nonimmigrant status has been denied. The letter states that the individual failed to maintain their status and that they are required to depart the United States within 33 days of the notification date. Failure to depart will result in the individual being placed in removal proceedings.

Plastic Analysis

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Foot Over Bridge

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Water treatment process

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Water treatment involves two main processes: physical removal of solids and chemical disinfection. Coagulation uses chemicals like alum to form particles that attract dirt and contaminants. This causes the particles to become heavy and sink during sedimentation. Filtration then removes any remaining small particles by passing the water through layers of sand and charcoal. Finally, chlorine or another disinfectant is added to kill microorganisms and make the water safe for drinking.

Pile foundation

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Pile foundations are used when a simple spread foundation is not possible due to deep, compressible, or waterlogged soil that cannot provide adequate bearing capacity. Piles transfer structural loads deep into the ground to stronger soil or bedrock layers. There are several types of piles that differ in material (wood, concrete, steel, etc.) and installation method (driven, cast-in-place, precast, etc.). Common pile types include H-beam steel piles, concrete-filled tube piles, precast concrete piles, and timber piles. Pile foundations allow buildings and structures to be supported in difficult soil conditions.

Physical Treatment for waste water

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

This document discusses the design of various units used in wastewater treatment plants. It covers the types of treatment which include physical, chemical, and biological processes. It then describes the functions of specific treatment units like screens, grit chambers, clarifiers, trickling filters, and digesters. The document provides design criteria and parameters for units like bar screens, grit chambers, primary sedimentation tanks, and aerated grit chambers. It discusses factors like peak flows, detention times, velocities, dimensions, and loading rates that are considered in the design of these units.

Biological Treatment for Waste Water

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

This document discusses different biological unit processes used in waste water treatment. Aerobic processes, like trickling filtration and activated sludge, use microorganisms to break down dissolved organic matter in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic processes, like sludge digestion, occur without oxygen. Trickling filtration involves waste water flowing over a bed of media to form a microbial film. Activated sludge suspends microbes in air-injected mixed liquor. Sludge digestion breaks down sludge in the absence of oxygen.

Temporary Works (Form Work)

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Temporary formwork is used in construction to support fresh concrete until it cures. There are different types of formwork materials including timber, steel, aluminum, fiberglass, and plywood. Factors like strength, rigidity, cost, and number of reuses vary between each type. Formwork design involves sheets, studs, ties, and other components configured for walls, beams, slabs, columns, and decks based on the structural element. Slipforming is a specialized technique where formwork is continuously lifted as concrete is placed, allowing vertical structures like chimneys to be built without side forms. This method was used to rapidly construct tall building cores and highway pavement.

Plastic Analysis

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Water disribution system

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

1. The document discusses two methods for determining the required balancing storage capacity of a distribution system: the mass curve method and hydrograph method. 2. The mass curve method involves plotting cumulative water demand against time to create a demand curve, and cumulative supply against time to create a supply line, and determining the maximum difference between them. 3. The hydrograph method involves plotting hourly water demand over 24 hours to create a demand hydrograph, assuming uniform pumping at the mean hourly rate, and measuring the area between the curves to determine required storage.

Computation of Area and volume

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Plane Table Surveying

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Theodolite Surveying

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Port amenities

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

FERRY •A FERRY IS A BOAT OR SHIP USED TO CARRY PASSENGERS AND SOMETIMES VEHICLES & CARGO AS WELL ACROSS THE WATER. •Other names water bus or water taxi. •Depend on Length of route, passenger or vehicle capacity, speed requirement and water condition. Types of ferries 1. Double-ended 2. Hydrofoil 3. Hovercraft 4. Catamaran 5. Ro-ro 6. Cruiseferry Cargo Handling Equipment's •Cranes •Fork-lift Trucks •Mechanical Trucks •Tractors & Trailors •Dock locomotives •Piling & Stacking Machines •Conveyors & Elevators •Pneumatic Handling Equipment's •Oil handling equipment

Poster presentation with models

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Aposteris any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Types of poster designs •Propaganda and political posters •Movie posters •Travel posters •Event posters •Educational posters. Guidelines •Important information should be readable from about 10 feet away •Title is short and draws interest •Word count of about 300 to 800 words •Text is clear and to the point •Use of bullets, numbering, and headlines make it easy to read •Effective use of graphics, colour and fonts •Consistent and clean layout •Includes acknowledgments, your name and institutional affiliation

Gpsc study material

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Study MaterialUseful for All Civil Engineering Exams 1.The main reinforcement in a heel of cantilever retaining wall is placed atTop of heel slab. 2.Which of the following oxide component is maximum in OPC cement Calcium. 3.According to IS:456, the partial safety ˠffor imposed load for the deflection check for load combination DL+IL shall be 1.0 4.The compressive strength of cement mortar is generally tested on 70.7mm Cubes 5.Product of AE is called Axial Rigidity. 6.If the diameter of circular column is d its kernel will have diameter d/4.

Special structure

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

Tall Structures Usually structure or building having height more than 80m is considered as a tall structure. Generally tall structure may be defined as one that because of its height it is affected by lateral. Classification: 1. Multi storeyedresidential building. 2. Multi storeyedcommercial building. 3. Tall chimneys. 4. Transmission Towers 5. Cooling towers Prestressed Concrete •Prestressis defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete. Demolition •The action or process of destroying(demolishing)the building or other structures. •In congested area, in particular, the quality of demolition technique becomes an essential element which determines the success of revitalization of city. •In addition to efficiency in demolition, strategies must be adopted to avoid noise, vibration and dust which affect the surrounding environment and there must be efficient disposal of waste products

Excavating equipments (ACE)

Sujith Velloor Sudarsanakumar Nair

POWER SHOVEL Power Shovel are used primarily to excavate earth and load into tractor or truck DRAGLINE The dragline is operation of dragging the bucket against the material to be dug. BACK HOES Excavating machine of power shovel group CLAM SHELLS •The name of machine is derived from shape of its bucket that of shell fish with hinged double shell, which can be opened into two parts. TRENCHING MACHINES •Trenching machines can excavate in all type of soil except rocks

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Rail transport is one of the important modes of transport in India. Now a days we see that there are railways that are present for the long as well as short distance travelling which makes the life of the people easier. When compared to other means of transport, a railway is the cheapest means of transport. The maintenance of the railway database also plays a major role in the smooth running of this system. The Online Train Ticket Management System will help in reserving the tickets of the railways to travel from a particular source to the destination.

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