Design & construction of secure waste landfill

Design & Construction
of Secured Landfill
for Municipal & Industrial
Solid Waste
1

Types of Solid Waste
 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
 Industrial Hazardous Waste
 Bio Medical Waste(from Hospital)
 E- Waste (Electronic Waste)
2

Consists of :
 Household waste (From Kitchen &
household Rubbish)
 Construction and demolition
debris
 Commercial waste (from shops-
offices)
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
3

Consists of waste from:
 Petrochemical industries
 Metallurgical industries
 Pharmaceutical industries
 Fertilizer industries
 Other hazardous process
industries
Industrial Hazardous Waste
4

Waste Type Laws in India Action by Enforcement
Authority
Municipal Solid
Waste
Municipal Waste
Management &
Handling Rules -2000
City Municipality State Pollution
Control Board
Industrial Waste Hazardous Waste
Management &
Handling Rules- 1989
Industry State Pollution
Control Board
E-Waste E-waste Rules-2011 All Electronic
users &
manufacturers
State Pollution
Control Board
Bio Medical
Waste
Bio-Medical Waste
Rules -1998
Hospitals State Pollution
Control Board
Applicable laws for Waste Disposal
5

To ensure that:
• Waste is disposed in scientific manner
• So that waste disposal does not damage
air, water, soil, human health due its
chemical, acidic, radioactive
characteristics.
Scope of Waste Laws & Rules
6

Disposal Methods of Waste
Landfill
Incineration
Recycle
7

Disposal of Waste to Landfill
 Landfills are ultimate means of disposal of waste
 These inert waste like construction debris etc have
large volume approximately 60 to 70 % of MSW
 Large area is required for secured landfill.
 The cost of landfill construction is Rs 500 to Rs 1500
per ton of waste.
8

Time of Decomposition of waste
Type of Waste Time to Decompose
Organic wastes : vegetable & fruit peels,
leftover food stuff etc.
2 - 7 days
Paper 10-30 days
Cotton Cloth 2 - 5 months
Carpets 1 year
Tin, Aluminum cans etc. 100-500 years
Plastic Bags, one million years
Glass Bottles Undetermined
9

Microorganism decomposes waste mass into
leachate and methane gas
First stage: aerobic organism converts waste
into simple organic compounds, CO2 & H2O.
Second Stage: anerobic organism converts
organic compounds into H2,NH3,H2O, CO2 &
organic acids.
Third Stage: methane forming organism
converts organic acid into CH4.
Process of decomposition of Waste
10

Leachate (Toxic Liquid) is generated due to
decomposition of waste in the landfill.
Leachate contains acid, heavy metals, other
toxic elements.
Leachate contaminates ground water
resources.
Leachate is collected in wells inside landfill &
pumped out for treatment.
Leachate in landfill
11

Methane gas is generated in waste mass
Gas is collected in pipe & taken out from
landfill
Gas is sent to power plant (high calorific
value)
Gas travels underground in cracks of rocks if
not pumped out.
 Gas accumulated in nearby area (foundation
of buildings and causes explosion.
Landfill Gas (Methane)
12

Design & Construction of Landfill
(1) Characterization of waste
(2) Design of Impervious Liner
(3) Reclamation of Leachate
(4) Construction of landfill
(5) Operation of landfill
(6) Environmental Monitoring
13

GUIDELINES FOR LANDFILL DESIGN
(1) Central Pollution Control Board-India -1998
 Guidelines for setting up of operative facility :
Hazardous Waste Management
(http://cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_133_M
SW-REPORT.pdf)
(2) USA Environment Protection Agency
 The Guide for Industrial Waste Management
(https://www.epa.ie/pubs/advice/waste/waste/EPA_l
andfill_site_design_guide.pdf)
14

Major elements of Landfill
The secured land fill consists
• HDPE liner,
• leachate collection well & pipe network,
• earth moving machineries,
• site office,
• workshop
• Green belt etc.
15

Typical Section of landfill (US EPA)
Waste material
2.1 mm thick GeoTextile Sheet
100 mm Sand Layer
300 mm Gravel Layer
Perforated pipe
265 mm Clay Layer
1.5 mm HDPE Sheet
235 mm Clay
2.1 mm Geo Textile Sheet
100 mm Sand Layer
300 mm Gravel Layer
600 mm Clay Layer
Natural Ground 17

Laying of sand layer over gravels bed
21

Laying of gravels at the bottom
22

Laying of bottom clay liner
23

Joint testing of HDPE Sheets
26

Marking of detected leakages
27

Laying of clay layer over HDPE sheets
28

Anchoring of Geotextile of Leak Detection system
29

Infiltration Well
30
Inner RCC wall
Outer RCC wall
Gravels

Construction of Infiltration well
31
Inner RCC wall
Outer RCC wall

Laying of top Geo-Textile at the top
35

Design & construction of secure waste landfill

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