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How do we assign words
meaning?
Connotation vs. Denotation
Define connotation and
denotation
Read a sentence and
determine if the wording is
connotative or denotative
Connotation and Denotation
 Connotation is
the emotional and
imaginative
association
surrounding a
word.
 Denotation is the
strict dictionary
meaning of a
word.
“You may live in a house, but we
live in a home.”
 If you were to look
up the words house
and home in a
dictionary, you
would find that both
words have
approximately the
same meaning- "a
dwelling place."
 However, the
speaker in the
sentence above
suggests that home
has an additional
meaning.
house
home
Connotation and denotation
 Aside from the strict
dictionary definition,
or denotation, many
people associate such
things as comfort,
love, security, or
privacy with a home
but do not necessarily
make the same
associations with a
house.
love
securit
y
comfort
privacy
securit
y
HOME
Questions to brainstorm….
 What is the first thing
that comes to your
mind when you think
of:
 a home?
 of a house?
 Why do you think that
real-estate advertisers
use the word home
more frequently than
house?
Connotation
 The various feelings,
images, and
memories that
surround a word make
up its connotation.
 Although both house
and home have the
same denotation, or
dictionary meaning,
home also has many
connotations
Connotation
memories
feelings
images
“I know what you said, but what did you
mean?”
 A word's denotation
is its literal definition.
For example:
 Snake: a limbless
reptile with a long,
scaly body
 A word's connotation
is all the association
we have with it. For
example:
 "Snake in the grass,"
the biblical serpent,
the danger of
poisonous snakes,
our own fear of
snakes or a
malevolent (evil, bad)
person might be
called "a real snake"
Who is hearing the word?
 Connotation can
depend on the person
who hears the word
and brings his or her
own associations to it.
 * A plumber might
immediately think of a
plumbing tool called a
snake.
 *A biologist might
think of the rare Indigo
Snake he felt lucky to
see the past
weekend.
Shades of meaning…
 Some words, though, have shades of meaning
that are commonly recognized.
 While "serpent" is literally a snake, the word
"serpent" is usually associated with evil.
 In today's society, "politician" has somewhat
negative associations, while "statesman" sounds
more positive.
Use it in a sentence.
 You will answer ten questions while viewing the
upcoming slides.
 Read the following sentences.
 Annette was surprised.
 Annette was amazed.
 Annette was astonished.
 1. What is the general meaning of each of the
three sentences about Annette? Do the words
surprised, amazed, and astonished have
approximately the same denotation?
Use it in a sentence.
 2. What additional meanings are suggested by
astonish? Would one be more likely to be
surprised or astonished at seeing a ghost?
“I was surprised to
see a ghost.”
“I was amazed to see
a ghost.”
“I was astonished to
see a ghost.”
Compare some words.
 Write these examples in your daybook along with
your answers
 3. Which word in each pair below has the more
favorable connotation to you?
 thrifty-penny-pinching
 pushy-aggressive
 politician-statesman
 chef-cook
 slender-skinny
Read it in text.
 Since everyone reacts
emotionally to certain
words, writers often
deliberately select
words that they think
will influence your
reactions and appeal
to your emotions.
Read the dictionary
definition below.
 cock roach (kok'
roch'), n. any of an
order of nocturnal
insects, usually brown
with flattened oval
bodies, some species
of which are
household pests
inhabiting kitchens,
areas around water
pipes, etc. [Spanish
cucaracha]
A cockroach?
 4. What does the
word cockroach
mean to you?
 5. Is a cockroach
merely an insect or
is it also a
household nuisance
and a disgusting
creature?
 See what meanings
poets Wild and
Morley find in
roaches in the
following poems.
Roaches
Last night when I got up
to let the dog out I spied
a cockroach in the bathroom
crouched flat on the cool
porcelain,
delicate
antennae probing the toothpaste cap
and feasting himself on a gob
of it in the bowl:
I killed him with one unprofessional
blow,
scattering arms and legs
and half his body in the sink...
breeding quickly and without design,
laboring up drainpipes through filth
to the light;
I read once they are among
the most antediluvian of creatures,
surviving everything, and in more
primitive times
thrived to the size of your hand...
yet when sinking asleep
or craning at the stars,
I can feel their light feet
probing in my veins,
their whiskers nibbling
the insides of my toes;
and neck arched,
feel their patient scrambling
up the dark tubes of my throat.
---Peter Wild
I would have no truck with
roaches,
crouched like lions in the ledges
of sewers
their black eyes in the darkness
from Nursery Rhymes for the
Tender-hearted
Scuttle, scuttle, little roach-
How you run when I approach:
Up above the pantry shelf
Hastening to secrete yourself.
Most adventurous of vermin,
How I wish I could determine
How you spend your hours of
ease,
Perhaps reclining on the cheese.
Cook has gone, and all is dark-
Then the kitchen is your park;
In the garbage heap that she
leaves
Do you browse among the tea
leaves?
How delightful to suspect
All the places you have
trekked:
Does your long antenna whisk
its
Gentle tip across the biscuits?
Do you linger, little soul,
Drowsing in our sugar bowl?
Or, abandonment most utter,
Shake a shimmy on the butter?
Do you chant your simple
tunes
Swimming in the baby's
prunes?
Then, when dawn comes, do
you slink
Homeward to the kitchen sink?
Timid roach, why be so shy?
We are brothers, thou and I,
--Christopher
Morley
Reading into the poems…
 Reread the dictionary
definition.
 cock roach (kok'
roch'), n. any of an
order of nocturnal
insects, usually brown
with flattened oval
bodies, some species
of which are
household pests
inhabiting kitchens,
areas around water
pipes, etc.
 6. Which of the
denotative
characteristics of a
cockroach do both
poets include in the
poems?
Reading into the poems…
 7. What
characteristics
does Wild give his
roaches that are
not in the
dictionary
definition?
 8. What additional
characteristics
does Morley give
to roaches?
Reading into the poems…
 In each poem, the
insect acquires
meaning beyond its
dictionary definition.
Both poets lead us
away from a literal
view of roaches to a
nonliteral one.
 9. Which poet
succeeds in
giving roaches
favorable
connotations?
 10. Which poet
comes closer to
expressing your
own feelings
about roaches?
More practice…..
 Directions: For these conditions, first think of a word
with a positive connotation, and then think of a word
with a negative connotation.

 Condition Positive Connotation Negative
Connotation
 1. Overweight
 2. Short
 3. Not smart
 4. Unattractive
 5. Non-athletic
 6. Self-focused

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Connotation versus Denotation (1).ppt

  • 1. How do we assign words meaning? Connotation vs. Denotation
  • 2. Define connotation and denotation Read a sentence and determine if the wording is connotative or denotative
  • 3. Connotation and Denotation  Connotation is the emotional and imaginative association surrounding a word.  Denotation is the strict dictionary meaning of a word.
  • 4. “You may live in a house, but we live in a home.”  If you were to look up the words house and home in a dictionary, you would find that both words have approximately the same meaning- "a dwelling place."  However, the speaker in the sentence above suggests that home has an additional meaning. house home
  • 5. Connotation and denotation  Aside from the strict dictionary definition, or denotation, many people associate such things as comfort, love, security, or privacy with a home but do not necessarily make the same associations with a house. love securit y comfort privacy securit y HOME
  • 6. Questions to brainstorm….  What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you think of:  a home?  of a house?  Why do you think that real-estate advertisers use the word home more frequently than house?
  • 7. Connotation  The various feelings, images, and memories that surround a word make up its connotation.  Although both house and home have the same denotation, or dictionary meaning, home also has many connotations Connotation memories feelings images
  • 8. “I know what you said, but what did you mean?”  A word's denotation is its literal definition. For example:  Snake: a limbless reptile with a long, scaly body  A word's connotation is all the association we have with it. For example:  "Snake in the grass," the biblical serpent, the danger of poisonous snakes, our own fear of snakes or a malevolent (evil, bad) person might be called "a real snake"
  • 9. Who is hearing the word?  Connotation can depend on the person who hears the word and brings his or her own associations to it.  * A plumber might immediately think of a plumbing tool called a snake.  *A biologist might think of the rare Indigo Snake he felt lucky to see the past weekend.
  • 10. Shades of meaning…  Some words, though, have shades of meaning that are commonly recognized.  While "serpent" is literally a snake, the word "serpent" is usually associated with evil.  In today's society, "politician" has somewhat negative associations, while "statesman" sounds more positive.
  • 11. Use it in a sentence.  You will answer ten questions while viewing the upcoming slides.  Read the following sentences.  Annette was surprised.  Annette was amazed.  Annette was astonished.  1. What is the general meaning of each of the three sentences about Annette? Do the words surprised, amazed, and astonished have approximately the same denotation?
  • 12. Use it in a sentence.  2. What additional meanings are suggested by astonish? Would one be more likely to be surprised or astonished at seeing a ghost? “I was surprised to see a ghost.” “I was amazed to see a ghost.” “I was astonished to see a ghost.”
  • 13. Compare some words.  Write these examples in your daybook along with your answers  3. Which word in each pair below has the more favorable connotation to you?  thrifty-penny-pinching  pushy-aggressive  politician-statesman  chef-cook  slender-skinny
  • 14. Read it in text.  Since everyone reacts emotionally to certain words, writers often deliberately select words that they think will influence your reactions and appeal to your emotions. Read the dictionary definition below.  cock roach (kok' roch'), n. any of an order of nocturnal insects, usually brown with flattened oval bodies, some species of which are household pests inhabiting kitchens, areas around water pipes, etc. [Spanish cucaracha]
  • 15. A cockroach?  4. What does the word cockroach mean to you?  5. Is a cockroach merely an insect or is it also a household nuisance and a disgusting creature?  See what meanings poets Wild and Morley find in roaches in the following poems.
  • 16. Roaches Last night when I got up to let the dog out I spied a cockroach in the bathroom crouched flat on the cool porcelain, delicate antennae probing the toothpaste cap and feasting himself on a gob of it in the bowl: I killed him with one unprofessional blow, scattering arms and legs and half his body in the sink... breeding quickly and without design, laboring up drainpipes through filth to the light; I read once they are among the most antediluvian of creatures, surviving everything, and in more primitive times thrived to the size of your hand... yet when sinking asleep or craning at the stars, I can feel their light feet probing in my veins, their whiskers nibbling the insides of my toes; and neck arched, feel their patient scrambling up the dark tubes of my throat. ---Peter Wild I would have no truck with roaches, crouched like lions in the ledges of sewers their black eyes in the darkness
  • 17. from Nursery Rhymes for the Tender-hearted Scuttle, scuttle, little roach- How you run when I approach: Up above the pantry shelf Hastening to secrete yourself. Most adventurous of vermin, How I wish I could determine How you spend your hours of ease, Perhaps reclining on the cheese. Cook has gone, and all is dark- Then the kitchen is your park; In the garbage heap that she leaves Do you browse among the tea leaves? How delightful to suspect All the places you have trekked: Does your long antenna whisk its Gentle tip across the biscuits? Do you linger, little soul, Drowsing in our sugar bowl? Or, abandonment most utter, Shake a shimmy on the butter? Do you chant your simple tunes Swimming in the baby's prunes? Then, when dawn comes, do you slink Homeward to the kitchen sink? Timid roach, why be so shy? We are brothers, thou and I, --Christopher Morley
  • 18. Reading into the poems…  Reread the dictionary definition.  cock roach (kok' roch'), n. any of an order of nocturnal insects, usually brown with flattened oval bodies, some species of which are household pests inhabiting kitchens, areas around water pipes, etc.  6. Which of the denotative characteristics of a cockroach do both poets include in the poems?
  • 19. Reading into the poems…  7. What characteristics does Wild give his roaches that are not in the dictionary definition?  8. What additional characteristics does Morley give to roaches?
  • 20. Reading into the poems…  In each poem, the insect acquires meaning beyond its dictionary definition. Both poets lead us away from a literal view of roaches to a nonliteral one.  9. Which poet succeeds in giving roaches favorable connotations?  10. Which poet comes closer to expressing your own feelings about roaches?
  • 21. More practice…..  Directions: For these conditions, first think of a word with a positive connotation, and then think of a word with a negative connotation.   Condition Positive Connotation Negative Connotation  1. Overweight  2. Short  3. Not smart  4. Unattractive  5. Non-athletic  6. Self-focused
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