This document provides an overview of concrete filled steel tubes (CFT). It discusses the history and components of CFT, how steel tubes confine concrete and improve its properties. Comparisons are made between CFT and steel or reinforced concrete columns. Applications discussed include tall buildings, bridges and the Canton Tower. Advantages of CFT include increased strength and ductility over steel or concrete alone. Limitations relate to limited knowledge of CFT behavior and determining combined properties.
The document discusses concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns under axial compressive loads. It summarizes that CFST columns have higher load capacity than hollow steel tubes due to the composite action between steel and concrete. Experimental tests were conducted on circular and square CFST columns with varying concrete grades and heights. The results showed that square CFST columns had higher load capacity than circular columns. Ultimate load also increased with higher concrete grade. Failure modes included local and overall buckling. CFST columns provide advantages like increased strength, reduced construction costs, and improved fire resistance compared to reinforced concrete columns.
Strengthening Of Beams for flexure Using FRPReham fawzy
This document discusses fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites used for strengthening concrete structures. It covers various topics such as FRP materials and systems, causes of structural defects, strengthening techniques, and design considerations. Specifically, it describes the different types of fibers and matrices used in FRP, advantages of FRP over traditional materials, and applications of FRP like flexural, shear, and axial strengthening of beams, columns, slabs and walls. It also identifies potential structural defects in design, construction or over the service life of a structure that could require strengthening.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Alok B. Rathod for the degree of Master of Technology in Structural Engineering at Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan’s Sardar Patel College of Engineering in Mumbai, India. The report reviews the development of concrete-filled steel tubular structures, including their material properties and behavior under various loads. It summarizes research on their static, dynamic, and fire performance, as well as construction and durability. Design criteria from different codes are examined and examples of CFST applications in buildings, bridges, and other structures are provided.
This document provides an introduction and literature review on concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns. Some key points:
1) CFST columns utilize the advantages of both steel and concrete by using a steel hollow section filled with concrete. They are widely used in building construction.
2) Previous research has shown CFST columns have improved structural performance due to confinement of the concrete core by the steel tube. They also have construction advantages due to their simple erection sequence.
3) The literature review covers the behavior of CFST under different load cases like axial, bending, and combined loads. It also discusses design concepts, analytical methods, and codes/standards for CFST columns.
CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS USING GS SHEETAL AMIN AZIZ
1) The document presents the findings of an experimental investigation on concrete filled steel tubular columns using galvanized steel sheet strengthened with self-compacting concrete.
2) The investigation found that confined columns exhibited less axial deformation than unconfined columns under the same loads and failed initially at the top and bottom before failing in the middle.
3) It was concluded that confined columns provided higher strength than unconfined columns and failed due to shear stresses, while further research is needed on casting methods and numerical modeling to better understand column behavior.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING contentsila vamsi krishna
This document outlines the process and methods used to analyze and design a multi-story residential building using STAAD Pro software. It includes chapters on software used, literature review of analysis methods, load calculations, design of building elements like beams, columns, slabs and footings. Load combinations are defined according to Indian standards. Material properties and design assumptions are provided. The document then describes the analysis and design of each building element and provides sample output diagrams from STAAD Pro.
The document discusses concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns under axial compressive loads. It summarizes that CFST columns have higher load capacity than hollow steel tubes due to the composite action between steel and concrete. Experimental tests were conducted on circular and square CFST columns with varying concrete grades and heights. The results showed that square CFST columns had higher load capacity than circular columns. Ultimate load also increased with higher concrete grade. Failure modes included local and overall buckling. CFST columns provide advantages like increased strength, reduced construction costs, and improved fire resistance compared to reinforced concrete columns.
Strengthening Of Beams for flexure Using FRPReham fawzy
This document discusses fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites used for strengthening concrete structures. It covers various topics such as FRP materials and systems, causes of structural defects, strengthening techniques, and design considerations. Specifically, it describes the different types of fibers and matrices used in FRP, advantages of FRP over traditional materials, and applications of FRP like flexural, shear, and axial strengthening of beams, columns, slabs and walls. It also identifies potential structural defects in design, construction or over the service life of a structure that could require strengthening.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Alok B. Rathod for the degree of Master of Technology in Structural Engineering at Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan’s Sardar Patel College of Engineering in Mumbai, India. The report reviews the development of concrete-filled steel tubular structures, including their material properties and behavior under various loads. It summarizes research on their static, dynamic, and fire performance, as well as construction and durability. Design criteria from different codes are examined and examples of CFST applications in buildings, bridges, and other structures are provided.
This document provides an introduction and literature review on concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns. Some key points:
1) CFST columns utilize the advantages of both steel and concrete by using a steel hollow section filled with concrete. They are widely used in building construction.
2) Previous research has shown CFST columns have improved structural performance due to confinement of the concrete core by the steel tube. They also have construction advantages due to their simple erection sequence.
3) The literature review covers the behavior of CFST under different load cases like axial, bending, and combined loads. It also discusses design concepts, analytical methods, and codes/standards for CFST columns.
CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS USING GS SHEETAL AMIN AZIZ
1) The document presents the findings of an experimental investigation on concrete filled steel tubular columns using galvanized steel sheet strengthened with self-compacting concrete.
2) The investigation found that confined columns exhibited less axial deformation than unconfined columns under the same loads and failed initially at the top and bottom before failing in the middle.
3) It was concluded that confined columns provided higher strength than unconfined columns and failed due to shear stresses, while further research is needed on casting methods and numerical modeling to better understand column behavior.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING contentsila vamsi krishna
This document outlines the process and methods used to analyze and design a multi-story residential building using STAAD Pro software. It includes chapters on software used, literature review of analysis methods, load calculations, design of building elements like beams, columns, slabs and footings. Load combinations are defined according to Indian standards. Material properties and design assumptions are provided. The document then describes the analysis and design of each building element and provides sample output diagrams from STAAD Pro.
Special Concrete And Concreting MethodRutvij Patel
This document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, high density concrete, mass concrete, plum concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, polymer concrete, ferrocement, high strength concrete, high performance concrete, precast concrete, and fly ash concrete. It describes the materials and properties of each type of concrete and their applications in construction.
A continuous beam has more than one span carried by multiple supports. It is commonly used in bridge construction since simple beams cannot support large spans without requiring greater strength and stiffness. Continuous prestressed concrete beams provide adequate strength and stiffness while allowing for redistribution of moments, resulting in higher load capacity, reduced deflections, and more evenly distributed bending moments compared to equivalent simple beams. Analysis of continuous beams requires determining primary moments from prestressing, secondary moments induced by support reactions, and the combined resultant moments.
The document provides information on methods of prestressing in concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. It discusses:
- Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before the concrete is cast around them.
- Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons after the concrete has cured using jacks, then grouting the voids.
- Both methods put the concrete in compression and increase its strength and durability compared to conventional reinforced concrete.
ppt on high performance concrete (steel fibre)9597639444
1) Steel fiber reinforced concrete has higher strength and durability than conventional concrete due to the inclusion of short, randomly distributed steel fibers.
2) Testing showed that concrete cubes with 5% steel fibers by weight had a 13.55% increase in compressive strength over conventional concrete.
3) Columns made with 5% steel fibers could carry over 14% more load than conventional concrete columns before failure. The addition of steel fibers improves several properties of concrete including flexural strength, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance.
Aluminium Formwork Vs Conventional Formworkchaitanyakrsk
This technical paper covers the information about formwork introduction, types of formworks and mainly about the comparing aluminium formwork with conventional formwork. Data compiled from various prominent resources and from the experience gained over the years.
A COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AND A RCC STRUCTURE ARE CONSIDERED FOR COMPARATIVE STUDY OF G+9 STORY COMMERCIAL BUILDING WHICH IS SITUATED IN HYDERABAD, INDIA EARTHQUAKE ZONE 2 AND FOR EARTHQUAKE LOADING. A THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF BOTH THE STRUCTURES ARE CARRIED OUT WITH THE HELP OF ETABS SOFTWARE. THE ABOVE STUDY DEALS WITH THE COMPARISON OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF RCC STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURE UNDER THE EFFECT OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS. THE ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIOR OF THE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AS WELL AS THE RCC STRUCTURE ARE EXAMINED. THE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE PROVED TO BE MORE ECONOMICAL AND RELIABLE THAN COMPARED TO A RCC STRUCTURE DESIGNED FOR SIMILAR AND LOADING CONDITIONS.
This document provides an overview of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). It discusses what concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are, as well as the history and types of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete is described as a composite material made of sand, cement, polymer, water, glass fibers and other admixtures. The document outlines the properties, applications, advantages and structural characteristics of GFRC. It concludes that GFRC provides benefits like high strength, crack resistance, impact resistance and durability compared to conventional concrete.
This document provides information about a project involving the construction of pile foundations using the bored cast-in-situ piling method at an English Medium High Madrasha site in Malda. It includes details of the project such as the estimated and tender costs, concrete mix design, pile load testing procedures, and descriptions of the pile classification, boring and concreting process. Reinforcement details and specifications for equipment used in the piling like DMC pipes, tremie pipes, chisel, and casing are also provided.
This document provides an overview of steel reinforcement used in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the history and development of reinforcement in India, starting from the use of mild steel bars with a yield strength of 250 MPa, to the introduction of cold twisted deformed bars with higher yield strengths of around 405 MPa in the 1970s. However, CTD bars have issues with ductility, weldability, and corrosion resistance. In the 1980s-1990s, thermomechanically treated bars were developed that can achieve even higher strengths up to 600 MPa, while also having better properties compared to CTD bars. The document outlines the manufacturing processes for various bar types and highlights some issues regarding quality and standards in India.
Following are some suggestions for future research. As GFRSCC technology is now being adopted in many countries throughout the world, in the absence of suitable
standardized test methods it is necessary to examine the existing test methods and identify or, when necessary, develop test methods suitable for acceptance as International Standards. Such test methods have to be capable of a rapid and reliable assessment of key
properties of fresh SCC on a construction site. At the same time, the testing equipment should be reliable, easily portable and inexpensive. The test procedure should be carried out by a single operator and the test results have to be interpreted with a minimum of training. Also, the results have to define and specify different GFRSCC mixes. One primary application of these test methods would be in verification of compliance on sites and in concrete production plants, if self- compacting concrete could be manufactured in large quantities..
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI STOREY (G+5) COMMERCIAL BUILDING BY STAAD PRO AN...Bala Balaji
This document provides a project report on the analysis and design of a multi-storey commercial building (G+5 levels) using STAAD Pro and ETABS software. The report includes an introduction, literature review on analysis methods, plan of the building, load calculations, design of beams, columns, slabs and footings. STAAD Pro is used for the 3D analysis of the building to obtain results like bending moments and shear forces. The report presents the analysis, design and results obtained from the software for various structural elements of the building.
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
High performance concrete provides improved durability and structural capacity compared to conventional concrete. It has a denser microstructure due to a lower water-cement ratio, making it more impermeable and durable. Various methods can be used to produce high strength concrete, including seeding, revibration, and using admixtures. High performance concrete requires careful material selection and mixing to obtain properties like low permeability, high early strength, and resistance to chemical attack. It is an engineered concrete that achieves optimized performance for given loading and exposure conditions.
This document provides an introduction to steel-concrete composite structures. It explains that steel-concrete composite elements use concrete's compressive strength alongside steel's tensile strength, resulting in a highly efficient and lightweight unit commonly used for buildings and bridges. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of reinforced concrete structures, steel structures, and steel-concrete composite structures. Examples of existing steel-concrete composite buildings are also presented.
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Progsharda123
This document presents a minor project report on the analysis and design of a four-storey building (ground plus three floors) using STAAD Pro software. It was submitted by five civil engineering students at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Technology degree. The report covers various topics related to structural analysis and design including different analysis methods, design of building elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings. It also discusses assumptions, design codes, loads, and materials used for the building design.
The document discusses the balanced cantilever method of bridge construction. It begins by explaining that this method is used for bridges with spans between 50-250m, and involves attaching precast or cast-in-place segments in an alternating manner from each end of cantilevers supported by piers. This method is well-suited for irregular spans, congested sites, and environmentally sensitive areas. It also discusses advantages like determinacy and reduced cracking risks. The document then goes into detail about construction sequences, member proportioning, superstructure types, and analysis of a specific balanced cantilever bridge in Kochi, India.
IRJET- A Study on Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Column Steel Beam Connect...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of steel beam to concrete filled steel tubular column connections using different types of concrete. Specifically, it examines connections using light weight concrete and normal concrete with an external diaphragm. Two specimens of each concrete type were tested under static loading. The results showed panel zone deformation in the beam-column joints for both light weight and normal concrete. However, light weight concrete connections performed better in terms of seismic performance and energy dissipation compared to normal concrete connections. The aim of the study was to develop a more economical concrete filled steel tubular structure system by utilizing lighter concrete materials.
This document discusses steel-concrete composite construction. It describes shear connectors, which provide composite action between steel beams and concrete slabs. There are three main types of shear connectors: rigid connectors made of steel bars or angles that resist shear through bearing pressure; flexible stud connectors that bend and fail through yielding; and bond-type connectors that rely on bond and anchoring. The document discusses the design of shear connectors according to Indian codes IRC 22-1986 and IS 11384-1985, providing methods to calculate the design strength of shear connectors.
Special Concrete And Concreting MethodRutvij Patel
This document discusses various types of special concretes including lightweight concrete, high density concrete, mass concrete, plum concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, polymer concrete, ferrocement, high strength concrete, high performance concrete, precast concrete, and fly ash concrete. It describes the materials and properties of each type of concrete and their applications in construction.
A continuous beam has more than one span carried by multiple supports. It is commonly used in bridge construction since simple beams cannot support large spans without requiring greater strength and stiffness. Continuous prestressed concrete beams provide adequate strength and stiffness while allowing for redistribution of moments, resulting in higher load capacity, reduced deflections, and more evenly distributed bending moments compared to equivalent simple beams. Analysis of continuous beams requires determining primary moments from prestressing, secondary moments induced by support reactions, and the combined resultant moments.
The document provides information on methods of prestressing in concrete, including pretensioning and post-tensioning. It discusses:
- Pretensioning involves stressing steel tendons before the concrete is cast around them.
- Post-tensioning involves stressing steel tendons after the concrete has cured using jacks, then grouting the voids.
- Both methods put the concrete in compression and increase its strength and durability compared to conventional reinforced concrete.
ppt on high performance concrete (steel fibre)9597639444
1) Steel fiber reinforced concrete has higher strength and durability than conventional concrete due to the inclusion of short, randomly distributed steel fibers.
2) Testing showed that concrete cubes with 5% steel fibers by weight had a 13.55% increase in compressive strength over conventional concrete.
3) Columns made with 5% steel fibers could carry over 14% more load than conventional concrete columns before failure. The addition of steel fibers improves several properties of concrete including flexural strength, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance.
Aluminium Formwork Vs Conventional Formworkchaitanyakrsk
This technical paper covers the information about formwork introduction, types of formworks and mainly about the comparing aluminium formwork with conventional formwork. Data compiled from various prominent resources and from the experience gained over the years.
A COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AND A RCC STRUCTURE ARE CONSIDERED FOR COMPARATIVE STUDY OF G+9 STORY COMMERCIAL BUILDING WHICH IS SITUATED IN HYDERABAD, INDIA EARTHQUAKE ZONE 2 AND FOR EARTHQUAKE LOADING. A THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS OF BOTH THE STRUCTURES ARE CARRIED OUT WITH THE HELP OF ETABS SOFTWARE. THE ABOVE STUDY DEALS WITH THE COMPARISON OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS OF RCC STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITE STRUCTURE UNDER THE EFFECT OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADS. THE ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIOR OF THE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE AS WELL AS THE RCC STRUCTURE ARE EXAMINED. THE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE PROVED TO BE MORE ECONOMICAL AND RELIABLE THAN COMPARED TO A RCC STRUCTURE DESIGNED FOR SIMILAR AND LOADING CONDITIONS.
This document provides an overview of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC). It discusses what concrete and fiber reinforced concrete are, as well as the history and types of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete is described as a composite material made of sand, cement, polymer, water, glass fibers and other admixtures. The document outlines the properties, applications, advantages and structural characteristics of GFRC. It concludes that GFRC provides benefits like high strength, crack resistance, impact resistance and durability compared to conventional concrete.
This document provides information about a project involving the construction of pile foundations using the bored cast-in-situ piling method at an English Medium High Madrasha site in Malda. It includes details of the project such as the estimated and tender costs, concrete mix design, pile load testing procedures, and descriptions of the pile classification, boring and concreting process. Reinforcement details and specifications for equipment used in the piling like DMC pipes, tremie pipes, chisel, and casing are also provided.
This document provides an overview of steel reinforcement used in reinforced concrete structures. It discusses the history and development of reinforcement in India, starting from the use of mild steel bars with a yield strength of 250 MPa, to the introduction of cold twisted deformed bars with higher yield strengths of around 405 MPa in the 1970s. However, CTD bars have issues with ductility, weldability, and corrosion resistance. In the 1980s-1990s, thermomechanically treated bars were developed that can achieve even higher strengths up to 600 MPa, while also having better properties compared to CTD bars. The document outlines the manufacturing processes for various bar types and highlights some issues regarding quality and standards in India.
Following are some suggestions for future research. As GFRSCC technology is now being adopted in many countries throughout the world, in the absence of suitable
standardized test methods it is necessary to examine the existing test methods and identify or, when necessary, develop test methods suitable for acceptance as International Standards. Such test methods have to be capable of a rapid and reliable assessment of key
properties of fresh SCC on a construction site. At the same time, the testing equipment should be reliable, easily portable and inexpensive. The test procedure should be carried out by a single operator and the test results have to be interpreted with a minimum of training. Also, the results have to define and specify different GFRSCC mixes. One primary application of these test methods would be in verification of compliance on sites and in concrete production plants, if self- compacting concrete could be manufactured in large quantities..
shear walls are vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load acting on a structure.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI STOREY (G+5) COMMERCIAL BUILDING BY STAAD PRO AN...Bala Balaji
This document provides a project report on the analysis and design of a multi-storey commercial building (G+5 levels) using STAAD Pro and ETABS software. The report includes an introduction, literature review on analysis methods, plan of the building, load calculations, design of beams, columns, slabs and footings. STAAD Pro is used for the 3D analysis of the building to obtain results like bending moments and shear forces. The report presents the analysis, design and results obtained from the software for various structural elements of the building.
Structural strengthening, restoring and adding capacity is an integral part of today’s concrete repair industry. Structural strengthening may be required for increasing load capacity of beams, columns, walls, and/or slabs, seismic retrofitting, supporting additional live or dead loads not included in original design, to relieve stresses generated by design or construction errors, or to restore original load capacity to damaged structural elements.
High performance concrete provides improved durability and structural capacity compared to conventional concrete. It has a denser microstructure due to a lower water-cement ratio, making it more impermeable and durable. Various methods can be used to produce high strength concrete, including seeding, revibration, and using admixtures. High performance concrete requires careful material selection and mixing to obtain properties like low permeability, high early strength, and resistance to chemical attack. It is an engineered concrete that achieves optimized performance for given loading and exposure conditions.
This document provides an introduction to steel-concrete composite structures. It explains that steel-concrete composite elements use concrete's compressive strength alongside steel's tensile strength, resulting in a highly efficient and lightweight unit commonly used for buildings and bridges. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of reinforced concrete structures, steel structures, and steel-concrete composite structures. Examples of existing steel-concrete composite buildings are also presented.
Analysis and design of multi-storey building using staad.Progsharda123
This document presents a minor project report on the analysis and design of a four-storey building (ground plus three floors) using STAAD Pro software. It was submitted by five civil engineering students at Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Punjab, India in partial fulfillment of their Bachelor of Technology degree. The report covers various topics related to structural analysis and design including different analysis methods, design of building elements like slabs, beams, columns, and footings. It also discusses assumptions, design codes, loads, and materials used for the building design.
The document discusses the balanced cantilever method of bridge construction. It begins by explaining that this method is used for bridges with spans between 50-250m, and involves attaching precast or cast-in-place segments in an alternating manner from each end of cantilevers supported by piers. This method is well-suited for irregular spans, congested sites, and environmentally sensitive areas. It also discusses advantages like determinacy and reduced cracking risks. The document then goes into detail about construction sequences, member proportioning, superstructure types, and analysis of a specific balanced cantilever bridge in Kochi, India.
IRJET- A Study on Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Column Steel Beam Connect...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the behavior of steel beam to concrete filled steel tubular column connections using different types of concrete. Specifically, it examines connections using light weight concrete and normal concrete with an external diaphragm. Two specimens of each concrete type were tested under static loading. The results showed panel zone deformation in the beam-column joints for both light weight and normal concrete. However, light weight concrete connections performed better in terms of seismic performance and energy dissipation compared to normal concrete connections. The aim of the study was to develop a more economical concrete filled steel tubular structure system by utilizing lighter concrete materials.
This document discusses steel-concrete composite construction. It describes shear connectors, which provide composite action between steel beams and concrete slabs. There are three main types of shear connectors: rigid connectors made of steel bars or angles that resist shear through bearing pressure; flexible stud connectors that bend and fail through yielding; and bond-type connectors that rely on bond and anchoring. The document discusses the design of shear connectors according to Indian codes IRC 22-1986 and IS 11384-1985, providing methods to calculate the design strength of shear connectors.
Experimental Investigation on Steel Concrete Composite Floor SlabIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation on steel-concrete composite floor slabs. Cold-formed steel decking with trapezoidal profiles was used to construct composite floor slabs with concrete. Shear connectors in the form of stud bolts connected the steel decking to the concrete. Three specimens were tested - an RCC slab, a composite slab, and a composite truss. The composite truss was fabricated from steel and connected to the decking and concrete with shear connectors. All specimens were tested for load carrying capacity. The composite truss performed comparably to the RCC slab and was found to effectively transfer loads through composite action between the steel and concrete components.
This document discusses two types of moment-resisting joints used to connect steel girders to concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns in low-rise buildings. Type I joints only attached the girder to the outside of the CFT column, while Type II joints allowed the girder to pass continuously through the CFT column. Experimental testing showed that Type II joints exhibited more stable inelastic behavior and girder hinging, while Type I joints experienced early fracture. The document describes two actual projects that used variations of the Type II joint, either fabricated in the field or shop, to take advantage of CFT columns' strength and stiffness while accommodating construction tolerances.
The Structural Behaviour of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular columnsIRJET Journal
This document describes a study comparing the structural behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular columns made with different steel materials through numerical analysis and experimental testing. Six column specimens were tested - two each made with stainless steel, mild steel, and cold-formed steel tubes. Both short and long columns were analyzed. The numerical analysis found that stainless steel columns had the highest load-carrying capacity. The experimental results supported this, with stainless steel columns outperforming the other materials. There was good agreement between the numerical and experimental load values, with errors generally below 5%. The study concluded that stainless steel provided the best performance for concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to axial loads.
A steel-concrete composite column consists of either a concrete encased steel section or a concrete filled steel tubular section used as a load-bearing member. There are three main types of concrete filled steel tube columns: circular, rectangular, and square. The advantages of composite columns include increased floor space for the same strength, good fire and corrosion resistance, and consistent dimensions between floors. Performance is measured using ductility index, strength index, and concrete contribution ratio.
Comparitive study on rcc and composite (cft) multi storeyed buildingseSAT Journals
The document compares the performance of reinforced concrete (RCC) and composite (CFT) multi-storey buildings under lateral loads. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed on G+14, G+19, and G+24 buildings with different lateral load-resisting systems including bracing and shear walls. Parameters like natural period, displacement, and drift were compared. The CFT buildings showed shorter periods and better performance, with natural periods up to 25% less than the RCC buildings. The CFT buildings also exhibited reduced displacements and drifts compared to the RCC structures.
- Load and strain tests were conducted on two bridge models, one reinforced with prestressed carbon fiber cables (CFCC) and one with conventional steel strands.
- The steel reinforced model was designed to be under-reinforced to achieve ductility through steel yielding. The CFCC model was over-reinforced to achieve ductility through concrete crushing.
- Both models exhibited acceptable ductility in the form of deflections and cracking before failure.
Steel is widely used in bridge construction due to its high strength, versatility, and durability. Some key advantages of steel bridges include their speed of construction through prefabrication, ability to be modified or repaired, high strength-to-weight ratio which allows for shallow foundations and ease of transport, and sustainability through recycling. Major steel bridges from around the world demonstrate these advantages, such as the Millau Viaduct which used steel beams that were lighter and easier to construct than concrete would have been.
This document discusses different types of steel structures, including welded, bolted, composite, hot-rolled, and cold-formed steel structures. It provides examples of each type, noting that welded connections were prone to brittle fracture during earthquakes in the 1990s, while bolted connections are easier to install. Composite steel-concrete columns and concrete-filled steel tubes offer advantages like enhanced ductility and strength. Hot-rolled steel is formed at high temperatures, while cold-formed steel uses low-temperature processes like rolling and pressing of thin sheets. Cold-formed steel is commonly used residential and commercial construction.
1) Researchers at the Missouri University of Science and Technology investigated hollow-core FRP-concrete-steel (HC-FCS) bridge columns as an innovative seismic-resistant design.
2) Large-scale tests showed that HC-FCS columns exhibited better seismic behavior than conventional reinforced concrete columns, with higher drift ratios and energy dissipation before failure.
3) HC-FCS columns were also found to have advantages over conventional hollow-core concrete columns in construction speed, manpower requirements, and material usage. Repair of HC-FCS columns after testing was also quicker and more effective than repair of reinforced concrete columns.
IRJET- Effects of Different Parameters on Inelastic Buckling Behavior of ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzed the buckling behavior of composite concrete-filled steel tube columns with different parameters. The study used finite element analysis to model composite columns with double I-beam cross sections. It investigated the effects of eccentric loading, slenderness ratio, and distance between steel profiles on buckling capacity. The results showed that filling steel sections with concrete delays steel yielding and increases column capacity. Greater concrete surface area and lower slenderness ratio also led to higher strength due to increased confinement effects.
Experimental Study of Concrete Filled Tubular Short ColumnsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the behavior of concrete filled tubular short columns of different cross-sectional shapes (circular, rectangular, and square). Specimens were tested under axial compression loading to determine their failure mechanisms and load-carrying capacities. The key findings were that square CFT columns exhibited 11.46% higher ultimate load capacity than circular columns and 10.07% higher than rectangular columns. All specimens failed via local buckling of the steel tube. Theoretical load estimates from design codes were generally lower than the tested loads.
CONCRETE-ENCASED CFST BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS: A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam-column joints. It discusses how beam-column joints are the most seismically affected part of framed structures, so understanding their seismic performance is important. Concrete-encased CFST beam-column joints consist of a CFST core surrounded by reinforced concrete. The document reviews the properties and performance of these joints, including different types of connections, experimental investigations that have been conducted, and the results of one experimental program that tested seismic performance and found three main failure types. In summary, concrete-encased CFST beam-column joints demonstrate favorable seismic behavior and strength due to the composite action of the steel tube and concrete.
Comparison of Seismic Behaviour of a Typical Multi-Storey Structure with CFRP...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of multi-story buildings with different column designs through response spectrum analysis using ETABS software. It analyzes buildings with reinforced concrete columns, concrete filled steel tube (CFST) columns, CFST columns wrapped with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), and CFST columns encased in an I-section steel beam. The analysis found that buildings with composite columns performed better against seismic forces, with story displacement reduced up to 17% and drift reduced up to 18% compared to buildings with reinforced concrete columns. CFRP wrapped CFST columns and I-section encased CFST columns were most effective at improving seismic behavior.
Composite construction by Er. SURESH RAOAjit Sabnis
Presentation is a part of Structural Engg. series by ACCE(I) Institutes. Deals with details of Composite Structures-Design and Construction with case studies
Final paper for thesis on Steel tubular columnAL AMIN AZIZ
This thesis paper was completed by myself at the time of my Graduation in Civil Engineering from RUET. I am now publishing this paper so that it could help someone and they can run the further implementation of the future scope of this paper.
Lecture 3-Composites construction (1).pptxanik7nziza
This document discusses composite construction techniques, specifically composite metal decking with concrete and concrete-cambering composites. It describes how composite metal decking works with concrete fill to create a stiff, lightweight floor system. Methods for installing metal decking, shear connectors, and concrete are outlined. Cambering steel beams is discussed as a method to compensate for beam deflection under wet concrete loads. Quality control procedures for shear connector installation and verifying proper camber are also summarized.
- The document discusses a study on the structural behavior of concrete encased CFST (concrete filled steel tubular) columns using self-compacting concrete with polypropylene fiber.
- The objectives are to study the properties of self-compacting concrete with polypropylene fibers, observe the behavior of concrete encased columns under axial loading, and analyze failure patterns of concrete filled tubular columns.
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4. INTRODUCTION
Concrete filled steel tubes (CFT) uses the
advantage of both steel and concrete
Infill concrete in steel tube delays local buckling
Steel tube reinforces the concrete to resist tensile
forces
Improves its compression stress and ductility
6. HISTORY
CFT has been used in China for almost 50 years
Used as main column in subway stations at Beijing
from 1966
CFT used as to avoid having large size of columns
in buiding’s in 1980s
Since 1990s many buildings has CFT columns in
Beijing and other parts in China
7. COMPONENT BEHAVIOUR
The circular cross section provides the strongest confinement
to the core concrete.
Local buckling is more likely to occur in square and
rectangular cross sections
square and rectangular hollow sections are increasingly used
in construction since being easier in beam-to-column
connection and high cross sectional bending stiffness
In CFT confinement of concrete is provided by steel tube and
local buckling of steel tube is improved due to concrete core
9. COMPARISON
Tests was conducted for comparison between Steel tube, RC,
Steel Tube plus RC, and CFT
The geometric dimension is taken as a constant for all the
materials considered.
Test results gives that ultimate strength of CFT is even
larger than the steel tube and RC column combined.
Ductility of CFT is significantly enhanced when compared
with steel tube and concrete alone
12. STEEL
Mild steel, High strength steel, Fire resistant
steel etc.
Outward profile of steel should not be less
than 100mm
Wall thickness of steel tube should not be less
than 3mm
Circular hollow steel section,
D/t less than or equal to 100(235/fy)
13. For Rectangular steel section,
D/t less than or equal to 40(235/fy)
where,
D- Outer diameter or depth of circular or
rectangular section
t- wall thickness of the tube
Fy - yield strength of steel
14. Concrete
Normal weight concrete and High strength
concrete can be used
Water/Cement ratio should not exceed 0.4
Self- Consolidation Concrete is preferred
Strength of steel and concrete should be suitably
matched
Combination of High Strength Concrete with High
strength steel is preferred
15. For fy of steel tube from 235N/mm2 to 345N/mm2 ,
compressive strength of concrete should be 40 MPa to 60
Mpa
For fy of steel tube from 235N/mm2 to 345N/mm2 ,
compressive strength of concrete should be 40 MPa to 60
Mpa
16. PRESTRESSED CFT
Advanced technique in the field of CFT
Increases the load carrying capacity of CFT
considerably.
Prestressed CFT truss girders usually consist of CFT
chords, hollow steel tube braces, and high-strength
prestressing strands.
17. (a) Xiangjiaba Bridge (b) Zidong Bridge
Typical applications of CFT truss
girders in bridges.
18. (a) Details of the transition block (b) Details of the anchorage block
Cross-section view of the prestressing strand
(Unit: mm)
20. ADVANTAGES
The occurrence of the local buckling of the steel tube is delayed,
and the strength deterioration after the local buckling is
moderated
The strength of concrete is increased due to the confining effect
provided from the steel tube, and the strength deterioration is
not very severe, since the concrete spalling is prevented by the
tube.
Drying shrinkage and creep of concrete are much smaller than
ordinary reinforced concrete.
Forms and reinforcing bars are omitted and concrete easting is
done by pump-up method, which lead to savings of manpower
and constructional cost and time
21. Concrete improves the fire resistance performance, and the
amount of fireproof material can be reduced or its use can be
omitted
Better cost performance is obtained by replacing a steel
structure by CFT structure
The size of column is smaller, increases the usable floor area
CFT columns used concrete 62% less and steel 5%~10% less
than that of RC columns.
It is about 55% lighter than that of RC. Hence, the
foundation cost can be reduced. The force resulting from
earthquake is smaller.
CFT columns are safer and more reliable in seismic region,
The high-strength concrete can be used and the brittle failure
can be prevented.
22. LIMITATIONS
Limited knowledge regarding the behaviour of
CFT
The interaction of the two materials poses a
difficult problem in the determination of combined
properties such as moment of inertia and modulus
of elasticity
the majority of the tests to date have been
conducted on relatively small specimens, often 6
inches in diameter or smaller
23. APPLICATION OF CFT
In tall buildings, only partial columns of building adopted in
early days, then greater part of columns adopted, then all of
the columns were adopted
CFT has higher compression capacity and ductility. It is good
for the application of arch bridge.
24. First CFT Arch Bridge in China: Wangchang East River
Bridge (Span 115 m)
25. CANTON TOWER
Canton Tower is the fourth-tallest freestanding
structure in the world by pinnacle height (604 m)
The structure consists of a space lattice composite
frame and an RC core
24 inclined CFT members are utilised
Maximum tube dia and wall thickness are 2000mm
and 50mm respectively
The cross section of CFT columns used in High
rise buildings are large.
27. The mega column cross section is divided into many
chambers
The longitudinal stiffener, reinforcing tie bars and internal
diaphragms are used to increase internal stability
Several vent holes and man holes are provided for concrete
placement and installation
28. GANHAIZI BRIDGE, CHINA
World’s longest CFT truss bridge with the world's
highest bridge piers of CFT lattice
Uses CFT for nearly the entire structure.
Total length of bridge is 1811m and have 36 spans
of 62.5 m
Pier height is 110m
Super structure is composed of CFT truss girders
and precast concrete deck slabs.
29. • Compared to traditional bridges, this kind of bridge can reduce
more than 50 per cent of its own weight and has a very good
seismic performance
34. CONCLUSION
The scope of CFT has been extended greatly by researchers
and engineers with rapid development of research and
application of CFT structures in China and all over the world
Characteristic of CFT is that the structural properties can be
improved due to the composite action between steel tube and
filled concrete.
CFT can be treated as an alternative system to the steel or RC
system
Studies on the feasibility of the CFT system should be fully
evaluated for its widely expanded applications in the future.
35. REFERENCE
1. ASTM. 1991 „„ASTM standards in building codes: specifications, test methods,
practices, classifications, terminology,‟‟ Philadelphia.
2. British Standards Institution ~BST1994. Design of composite steel and concrete
structures. Euro code 4, ENV 1994-1-1, London.
3.Elwi, A. A., and Murray, D. W. ~1979!. „„A 3D hypo elastic concrete constitutive
relationship.‟‟ J. Eng. Mech. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.,
4.Cheng Hongtao, Dissertation of the doctoral degree in engineering(D), Harbin
Institute of Technology, Harbin 2001.
5. Zhong CFT, Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Structures (M), Heilongjiang Science-
Technical Publishing House, Harbin, 1995.
6. Design Regulation of Composite Structures(S), DL/T 5085-1999.
7. Design Regulation of Composite Structures---- Square CFT Members(S), GJB4142-
2000.
8.Bazant Z.P. and Kim S.S. Plastic-Fracturing Theory for Concrete.(J), Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Division. 1979, 105(EM3).
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