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computer networks layers

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This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It discusses layers in networking like the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer. It explains the differences between connection-oriented and connectionless networks. The document also compares the OSI and TCP/IP models, noting they have different numbers of layers and whether they are connection-oriented. Key functions of the network layer like routing and extracting prefixes are outlined. The transport layer provides reliability through retransmission. The application layer is also mentioned.

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© Oxford University Press 2011 Computer NetworksComputer Networks Bhushan Trivedi, Director, MCA Programme, at the GLS Institute of Computer Technology, Ahmadabad
© Oxford University Press 2011 Chapter 1Chapter 1 Introduction to computerIntroduction to computer networksnetworks
© Oxford University Press 2011 Questions to be answered • How is a file downloaded • How do emails reach their intended recipients? • How does a wired and a wireless connection work the same? • How is receipt of new data (for example a new antivirus update), handled and by whom?
© Oxford University Press 2011 Layering Example
© Oxford University Press 2011 Advantages of layers • Reducing the complexity • Division of Work • Standard Interfacing between Components • Replacing a component is easy • Independence in Protocol design
© Oxford University Press 2011 Disadvantages of layers • Reduced Speed and Performance • Increased Memory usage • Sensor Networks Node
© Oxford University Press 2011 Layers for OSI and TCP/IP
© Oxford University Press 2011 Connection Oriented vs Connectionless • Connection establishment • Complete line occupied or not • Multiplexing • Robustness of the connection • Cost of the connection • Quality of service • Order of delivery
© Oxford University Press 2011 Example CO vs CL
© Oxford University Press 2011 OSI and TCP IP difference • OSI has seven layers, TCP/IP has five layers. • The OSI was connection-oriented, TCP/IP model was connectionless • The TCP/IP provided a choice (TCP or UDP) to the customers. • TCP/IP describes an existing set of protocols The OSI model was more general
© Oxford University Press 2011 OSI and TCP IP difference • OSI model distinguishes between an interface and a protocol TCP IP does not • The OSI model clearly mentions the physical and data link layers. • The Internet provides both, connection oriented service over connectionless transfer and connectionless service over connectionless transfers,
© Oxford University Press 2011 The Physical Layer
© Oxford University Press 2011 The Data Link Layer
© Oxford University Press 2011 The Network Layer
© Oxford University Press 2011 Network Layer Functioning
© Oxford University Press 2011 Routing at Network Layer
© Oxford University Press 2011 Extracting Prefix
© Oxford University Press 2011 Routing between different networks
© Oxford University Press 2011 Transport layer and reliability by retransmitting
© Oxford University Press 2011 Application Layer
© Oxford University Press 2011 Other • Distributed Systems – WWW • Peer to peer networks • Client server networks
© Oxford University Press 2011 X.25
© Oxford University Press 2011 DTE routing

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computer networks layers

  • 1. © Oxford University Press 2011 Computer NetworksComputer Networks Bhushan Trivedi, Director, MCA Programme, at the GLS Institute of Computer Technology, Ahmadabad
  • 2. © Oxford University Press 2011 Chapter 1Chapter 1 Introduction to computerIntroduction to computer networksnetworks
  • 3. © Oxford University Press 2011 Questions to be answered • How is a file downloaded • How do emails reach their intended recipients? • How does a wired and a wireless connection work the same? • How is receipt of new data (for example a new antivirus update), handled and by whom?
  • 4. © Oxford University Press 2011 Layering Example
  • 5. © Oxford University Press 2011 Advantages of layers • Reducing the complexity • Division of Work • Standard Interfacing between Components • Replacing a component is easy • Independence in Protocol design
  • 6. © Oxford University Press 2011 Disadvantages of layers • Reduced Speed and Performance • Increased Memory usage • Sensor Networks Node
  • 7. © Oxford University Press 2011 Layers for OSI and TCP/IP
  • 8. © Oxford University Press 2011 Connection Oriented vs Connectionless • Connection establishment • Complete line occupied or not • Multiplexing • Robustness of the connection • Cost of the connection • Quality of service • Order of delivery
  • 9. © Oxford University Press 2011 Example CO vs CL
  • 10. © Oxford University Press 2011 OSI and TCP IP difference • OSI has seven layers, TCP/IP has five layers. • The OSI was connection-oriented, TCP/IP model was connectionless • The TCP/IP provided a choice (TCP or UDP) to the customers. • TCP/IP describes an existing set of protocols The OSI model was more general
  • 11. © Oxford University Press 2011 OSI and TCP IP difference • OSI model distinguishes between an interface and a protocol TCP IP does not • The OSI model clearly mentions the physical and data link layers. • The Internet provides both, connection oriented service over connectionless transfer and connectionless service over connectionless transfers,
  • 12. © Oxford University Press 2011 The Physical Layer
  • 13. © Oxford University Press 2011 The Data Link Layer
  • 14. © Oxford University Press 2011 The Network Layer
  • 15. © Oxford University Press 2011 Network Layer Functioning
  • 16. © Oxford University Press 2011 Routing at Network Layer
  • 17. © Oxford University Press 2011 Extracting Prefix
  • 18. © Oxford University Press 2011 Routing between different networks
  • 19. © Oxford University Press 2011 Transport layer and reliability by retransmitting
  • 20. © Oxford University Press 2011 Application Layer
  • 21. © Oxford University Press 2011 Other • Distributed Systems – WWW • Peer to peer networks • Client server networks
  • 22. © Oxford University Press 2011 X.25
  • 23. © Oxford University Press 2011 DTE routing
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