There are four categories of computer languages: high-level languages, low-level languages, assembly language, and machine language. High-level languages are closer to human language and need translators to be understood by computers. Low-level languages are closer to machine language and do not need translators. Assembly language sits between high-level and machine language by using mnemonic codes. Machine language consists of binary and is the only language computers can directly understand. Translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers are used to convert between these language categories.
There are two types of programming languages: high-level languages and low-level languages. High-level languages are closer to human languages and provide more abstraction from machine-level instructions, while low-level languages like assembly language closely map to processor instructions. Programs written in high-level languages need to be translated into machine code using compilers or interpreters, while low-level language programs are assembled directly into machine code. Common examples of high-level languages include C++, Java, and Python, while assembly language and Basic are examples of low-level languages.
Popular third generation languages include C++, Visual Basic, and Java. C++ is widely used for hardware design. Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn with an
The document discusses computer languages and divides them into two types: high-level languages (HLL) and low-level languages (LLL). HLL are closer to human language but require compilation, while LLL are more machine-specific but faster. Both have advantages and disadvantages - HLL are easier for humans but slower, while LLL are faster but more difficult for humans. The document concludes that modern computers now use more user-friendly languages than older low-level ones.
The document discusses human and computer languages. It defines computer languages as those that allow users to command computers through algorithms. There are two types of computer languages: low-level and high-level. Low-level languages like machine code and assembly languages provide little abstraction from hardware and are used for first and second generation computers. High-level languages like C, Java, and Visual Basic provide more abstraction and are easier for humans to use. They were introduced for third generation computers.
This document provides an overview of operating systems. It begins with an introduction defining an operating system and its role. It then discusses the history of operating systems and the four main components of operating system software: memory management, processor management, device management, and file management. Finally, it outlines eight common types of operating systems including batch, multiprogramming, desktop, real-time, and distributed operating systems.
The document discusses operating systems, including their definition, structure, features, types, advantages and disadvantages. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware resources. Operating systems provide a user interface, coordinate tasks, establish internet connections and more. They have a kernel at the core and a user interface. Features include being graphical, supporting multiple users, tasks, processors and threads. Types include standalone, server and embedded operating systems. The best operating systems of 2013 are discussed as Ubuntu, Windows 8, Macintosh, Windows 7 and Linux Mint.
There are two types of programming languages: high-level languages and low-level languages. High-level languages are closer to human languages and provide more abstraction from machine-level instructions, while low-level languages like assembly language closely map to processor instructions. Programs written in high-level languages need to be translated into machine code using compilers or interpreters, while low-level language programs are assembled directly into machine code. Common examples of high-level languages include C++, Java, and Python, while assembly language and Basic are examples of low-level languages.
Popular third generation languages include C++, Visual Basic, and Java. C++ is widely used for hardware design. Visual Basic is relatively easy to learn with an
The document discusses computer languages and divides them into two types: high-level languages (HLL) and low-level languages (LLL). HLL are closer to human language but require compilation, while LLL are more machine-specific but faster. Both have advantages and disadvantages - HLL are easier for humans but slower, while LLL are faster but more difficult for humans. The document concludes that modern computers now use more user-friendly languages than older low-level ones.
The document discusses human and computer languages. It defines computer languages as those that allow users to command computers through algorithms. There are two types of computer languages: low-level and high-level. Low-level languages like machine code and assembly languages provide little abstraction from hardware and are used for first and second generation computers. High-level languages like C, Java, and Visual Basic provide more abstraction and are easier for humans to use. They were introduced for third generation computers.
This document provides an overview of operating systems. It begins with an introduction defining an operating system and its role. It then discusses the history of operating systems and the four main components of operating system software: memory management, processor management, device management, and file management. Finally, it outlines eight common types of operating systems including batch, multiprogramming, desktop, real-time, and distributed operating systems.
The document discusses operating systems, including their definition, structure, features, types, advantages and disadvantages. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware resources. Operating systems provide a user interface, coordinate tasks, establish internet connections and more. They have a kernel at the core and a user interface. Features include being graphical, supporting multiple users, tasks, processors and threads. Types include standalone, server and embedded operating systems. The best operating systems of 2013 are discussed as Ubuntu, Windows 8, Macintosh, Windows 7 and Linux Mint.
These slides shortly explain Computer Software and Its types with Examples.
Prepared by: Ahmad Hussain, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Pakistan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
The document discusses operating systems, including their functions, components, and types. It provides details on single-user single-tasking operating systems, single-user multi-tasking operating systems, and multi-user multi-tasking operating systems. Examples of commonly used operating systems like Windows and MacOS are described. Key aspects of operating systems that are covered include process management, memory management, I/O device management, and providing a user interface.
Computer languages can be categorized as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language provide little abstraction from computer hardware and use numeric codes that are directly understandable by computers. High-level languages allow problems to be solved using terminology more familiar to humans and are easier for programmers to use. Examples include C, C++, Java, and JavaScript. Operating systems act as an interface between application software, hardware, and users, performing functions like memory management, task scheduling, and file handling.
The document discusses different types of computer programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages. Machine language uses binary and corresponds directly to hardware, while assembly language uses alphanumeric symbols. High-level languages are easier for humans to read and write but require translation. There are different types of high-level languages for tasks like mathematical problems, business data processing, string manipulation, object-oriented programming, and visual programming.
There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software includes operating systems and disk operating systems, which allow hardware and applications to communicate. Application software accomplishes specific tasks and is divided into user-designed and ready-made categories. User-designed software is tailored for a specific organization, while ready-made software like word processors and spreadsheets are off-the-shelf packages that may not fully suit an organization's needs but are cheaper and easier to use.
Microsoft Windows, or simplyย Windows, is a metafamily ofย graphicalย operating systemsย developed, marketed, and sold byย Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with theย OSย typically associated withย IBM PC compatibleย architecture. Active Windows families includeย Windows NTย andย Windows Embedded; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g.ย Windows Embedded Compactย (Windows CE) orย Windows Server. Defunct Windows families includeย Windows 9x,ย Windows Mobileย andย Windows Phone.
This document discusses the differences between hardware, system software, and application software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer, while software refers to computer programs. System software includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities that manage computer hardware and provide a platform for running other programs. Application software are programs designed for specific tasks like word processing, games, or web browsing. Examples of each type of software are provided.
The document discusses different types of operating systems, including batch, interactive, time-sharing, real-time, network, parallel, distributed, clustered, and handheld operating systems. It provides details on the key characteristics of each type, such as how batch systems work without direct user interaction, how time-sharing systems allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously, and how distributed systems use multiple processors across a network. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of these different operating system classifications.
The document discusses operating systems and computer system architecture. It defines an operating system as a program that manages a computer's hardware resources and provides common services for application software. It describes the components of a computer system as the CPU, memory, I/O devices, and how the operating system controls and coordinates their use. It also discusses different types of operating systems designed for single-user systems, multi-user systems, servers, handheld devices, and embedded systems.
A computer has several key characteristics:
It is automatic, meaning it will perform tasks without human intervention once started. It is extremely fast, able to perform calculations in milliseconds. Computers are also very accurate in their calculations. Unlike humans, computers can work continuously without getting tired or losing concentration. Computers are also versatile, as their capabilities can be changed by loading new programs. They have enormous memory and storage capabilities to store and recall vast amounts of information. However, computers have no intelligence or feelings of their own - they must be programmed with logical step-by-step instructions to perform tasks.
Programming languages are systems of communication used to develop both system and application software by giving computers sets of instructions. There are five main types of programming languages: high-level languages, machine languages, assembly languages, fourth generation languages (4GL), and natural languages. High-level languages are problem-oriented and resemble English, making them easier to use than machine languages but requiring translation. Machine languages use binary and do not require translation but are difficult for humans. Assembly languages use mnemonics for instructions, requiring less translation time than machine languages. 4GLs are used for database and management systems, while natural languages allow users to give instructions to computers in languages like English.
MLIS, Hardware and Software- Workshop AIOU 2013, LIS Studies, โLibrary and information science, Computer Science, โInformation science, Information technology, โHardware, Software, Computer basics, Information Management
The operating system controls the computer by providing an interface between the user and hardware to make the computer more convenient to use. It manages processes, memory, files, security, and interprets commands. The operating system allows users to start and stop processes, allocate memory, create and manage files and directories, implement security measures like passwords and firewalls, and interacts with users through either a command line or graphical user interface.
This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and lists common internal hardware like the CPU, motherboard, RAM and ROM. It also describes input devices like the keyboard and mouse, output devices like monitors and printers, and connecting hardware. The document then defines software as the set of instructions that allows hardware to function and categorizes system software, application software, programming software and utility software.
Difference Between Software and hardwareZeeshan Ilyas
ย
This document provides an overview of computer software and hardware. It defines software as collections of instructions that enable users to interact with computers and perform tasks. It distinguishes between application software, which performs specific functions, and system software, which operates hardware and provides platforms for applications. Examples of system software include operating systems, device drivers, and utilities. The document also defines computer hardware as the physical components of a computer like processors, storage, memory, and input/output devices. It provides examples of common hardware components such as motherboards, expansion cards, power supplies, and input/output peripherals.
Input and output devices allow users to interact with computers. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, digital cameras, microphones, touch screens, optical mark readers, scanners, and smart cards. Keyboards are used to enter text, mice are pointing devices, and digital cameras capture photos or videos. Microphones record sound, touch screens accept input via finger touch, and scanners convert printed documents into digital files. Output devices such as computer monitors, speakers, printers, and plotters allow users to see and hear computer output or create hard copies. Monitors display visual output, speakers produce audio, printers create paper copies, and plotters generate large-scale drawings.
Computer languages allow humans to communicate with computers through programming. There are different types of computer languages at different levels of abstraction from machine language up to high-level languages. High-level languages are closer to human language while low-level languages are closer to machine-readable code. Programs written in high-level languages require compilers or interpreters to convert them to machine-readable code that can be executed by computers.
DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It is used to manage secondary storage devices like hard disks and floppy disks by organizing files in a hierarchical directory structure and allocating system resources. Some examples of early DOS systems include DOS/360 for IBM mainframes and DOS for DEC PDP-11 minicomputers. The most well-known DOS was MS-DOS, developed by Microsoft for the IBM PC. DOS allows naming files with a primary eight-character name and secondary three-character extension separated by a period. It provides commands to manage files and directories, hardware devices, and system resources.
Computer languages can be categorized into high-level languages, low-level languages, and machine language. High-level languages are easier for humans to read and write but require compilers or interpreters, while low-level languages like assembly language are closer to machine language but still use symbolic instructions. Machine language uses only binary and is directly executable by computers. Languages have evolved through five generations from low-level machine and assembly languages to modern high-level languages.
Computer languages can be categorized into high-level languages, low-level languages, and machine language. High-level languages are closer to human language and require compilers or interpreters, while low-level languages like assembly language are closer to machine language. Machine language is binary code that is directly executable by computers. There are also different generations of languages that evolved with advances in hardware and software.
These slides shortly explain Computer Software and Its types with Examples.
Prepared by: Ahmad Hussain, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,Pakistan.
Email: mr.literature123@gmail.com
The document discusses operating systems, including their functions, components, and types. It provides details on single-user single-tasking operating systems, single-user multi-tasking operating systems, and multi-user multi-tasking operating systems. Examples of commonly used operating systems like Windows and MacOS are described. Key aspects of operating systems that are covered include process management, memory management, I/O device management, and providing a user interface.
Computer languages can be categorized as either low-level or high-level. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language provide little abstraction from computer hardware and use numeric codes that are directly understandable by computers. High-level languages allow problems to be solved using terminology more familiar to humans and are easier for programmers to use. Examples include C, C++, Java, and JavaScript. Operating systems act as an interface between application software, hardware, and users, performing functions like memory management, task scheduling, and file handling.
The document discusses different types of computer programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages. Machine language uses binary and corresponds directly to hardware, while assembly language uses alphanumeric symbols. High-level languages are easier for humans to read and write but require translation. There are different types of high-level languages for tasks like mathematical problems, business data processing, string manipulation, object-oriented programming, and visual programming.
There are two main types of software: system software and application software. System software includes operating systems and disk operating systems, which allow hardware and applications to communicate. Application software accomplishes specific tasks and is divided into user-designed and ready-made categories. User-designed software is tailored for a specific organization, while ready-made software like word processors and spreadsheets are off-the-shelf packages that may not fully suit an organization's needs but are cheaper and easier to use.
Microsoft Windows, or simplyย Windows, is a metafamily ofย graphicalย operating systemsย developed, marketed, and sold byย Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with theย OSย typically associated withย IBM PC compatibleย architecture. Active Windows families includeย Windows NTย andย Windows Embedded; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g.ย Windows Embedded Compactย (Windows CE) orย Windows Server. Defunct Windows families includeย Windows 9x,ย Windows Mobileย andย Windows Phone.
This document discusses the differences between hardware, system software, and application software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer, while software refers to computer programs. System software includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities that manage computer hardware and provide a platform for running other programs. Application software are programs designed for specific tasks like word processing, games, or web browsing. Examples of each type of software are provided.
The document discusses different types of operating systems, including batch, interactive, time-sharing, real-time, network, parallel, distributed, clustered, and handheld operating systems. It provides details on the key characteristics of each type, such as how batch systems work without direct user interaction, how time-sharing systems allow multiple users to access a computer simultaneously, and how distributed systems use multiple processors across a network. The document also outlines some advantages and disadvantages of these different operating system classifications.
The document discusses operating systems and computer system architecture. It defines an operating system as a program that manages a computer's hardware resources and provides common services for application software. It describes the components of a computer system as the CPU, memory, I/O devices, and how the operating system controls and coordinates their use. It also discusses different types of operating systems designed for single-user systems, multi-user systems, servers, handheld devices, and embedded systems.
A computer has several key characteristics:
It is automatic, meaning it will perform tasks without human intervention once started. It is extremely fast, able to perform calculations in milliseconds. Computers are also very accurate in their calculations. Unlike humans, computers can work continuously without getting tired or losing concentration. Computers are also versatile, as their capabilities can be changed by loading new programs. They have enormous memory and storage capabilities to store and recall vast amounts of information. However, computers have no intelligence or feelings of their own - they must be programmed with logical step-by-step instructions to perform tasks.
Programming languages are systems of communication used to develop both system and application software by giving computers sets of instructions. There are five main types of programming languages: high-level languages, machine languages, assembly languages, fourth generation languages (4GL), and natural languages. High-level languages are problem-oriented and resemble English, making them easier to use than machine languages but requiring translation. Machine languages use binary and do not require translation but are difficult for humans. Assembly languages use mnemonics for instructions, requiring less translation time than machine languages. 4GLs are used for database and management systems, while natural languages allow users to give instructions to computers in languages like English.
MLIS, Hardware and Software- Workshop AIOU 2013, LIS Studies, โLibrary and information science, Computer Science, โInformation science, Information technology, โHardware, Software, Computer basics, Information Management
The operating system controls the computer by providing an interface between the user and hardware to make the computer more convenient to use. It manages processes, memory, files, security, and interprets commands. The operating system allows users to start and stop processes, allocate memory, create and manage files and directories, implement security measures like passwords and firewalls, and interacts with users through either a command line or graphical user interface.
This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and lists common internal hardware like the CPU, motherboard, RAM and ROM. It also describes input devices like the keyboard and mouse, output devices like monitors and printers, and connecting hardware. The document then defines software as the set of instructions that allows hardware to function and categorizes system software, application software, programming software and utility software.
Difference Between Software and hardwareZeeshan Ilyas
ย
This document provides an overview of computer software and hardware. It defines software as collections of instructions that enable users to interact with computers and perform tasks. It distinguishes between application software, which performs specific functions, and system software, which operates hardware and provides platforms for applications. Examples of system software include operating systems, device drivers, and utilities. The document also defines computer hardware as the physical components of a computer like processors, storage, memory, and input/output devices. It provides examples of common hardware components such as motherboards, expansion cards, power supplies, and input/output peripherals.
Input and output devices allow users to interact with computers. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, digital cameras, microphones, touch screens, optical mark readers, scanners, and smart cards. Keyboards are used to enter text, mice are pointing devices, and digital cameras capture photos or videos. Microphones record sound, touch screens accept input via finger touch, and scanners convert printed documents into digital files. Output devices such as computer monitors, speakers, printers, and plotters allow users to see and hear computer output or create hard copies. Monitors display visual output, speakers produce audio, printers create paper copies, and plotters generate large-scale drawings.
Computer languages allow humans to communicate with computers through programming. There are different types of computer languages at different levels of abstraction from machine language up to high-level languages. High-level languages are closer to human language while low-level languages are closer to machine-readable code. Programs written in high-level languages require compilers or interpreters to convert them to machine-readable code that can be executed by computers.
DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It is used to manage secondary storage devices like hard disks and floppy disks by organizing files in a hierarchical directory structure and allocating system resources. Some examples of early DOS systems include DOS/360 for IBM mainframes and DOS for DEC PDP-11 minicomputers. The most well-known DOS was MS-DOS, developed by Microsoft for the IBM PC. DOS allows naming files with a primary eight-character name and secondary three-character extension separated by a period. It provides commands to manage files and directories, hardware devices, and system resources.
Computer languages can be categorized into high-level languages, low-level languages, and machine language. High-level languages are easier for humans to read and write but require compilers or interpreters, while low-level languages like assembly language are closer to machine language but still use symbolic instructions. Machine language uses only binary and is directly executable by computers. Languages have evolved through five generations from low-level machine and assembly languages to modern high-level languages.
Computer languages can be categorized into high-level languages, low-level languages, and machine language. High-level languages are closer to human language and require compilers or interpreters, while low-level languages like assembly language are closer to machine language. Machine language is binary code that is directly executable by computers. There are also different generations of languages that evolved with advances in hardware and software.
Computer languages can be categorized into different generations based on their level of abstraction from machine language. First generation languages are machine languages that use binary, while assembly languages as second generation are closer to machine language with mnemonic codes. High-level languages of the third generation like FORTRAN and COBOL are easier for humans to read and write. Fourth generation languages attempt more natural language programming, and fifth generation use visual interfaces to generate code compiled by lower level languages. The key aspects of a program include variables, statements, keywords, instructions, and the ability to perform tasks through organized lists of commands.
Machine language is the lowest-level programming language that computers can directly understand as it consists of binary digits (0s and 1s) representing electric signals. It is difficult for humans to write programs in machine language due to its unreadable nature. Most programmers instead use high-level languages like BASIC, C, Java, etc. which are then converted into machine language by compilers or interpreters before a computer can execute the programs.
The PowerPoint presentation on programming languages provides an insightful overview of the fundamental concepts, types, and applications of programming languages. The presentation begins by introducing the concept of programming languages and their significance in software development and computer programming. It covers the major categories of programming languages, including procedural, object-oriented, functional, and scripting languages, discussing their characteristics, syntax, and primary use cases. The presentation highlights popular programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript, showcasing their strengths, ecosystems, and industry applications. It also touches upon emerging trends in programming languages, such as machine learning and data science-focused languages. The presentation equips the audience with a broad understanding of programming languages, enabling them to make informed decisions and choose the most suitable language for their development projects.
Programming languages allow humans to communicate instructions to computers. There are many programming languages that differ based on their level, model, and intended applications. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language use binary codes and mnemonics that closely match the computer's architecture, making programs fast but difficult for humans. Higher-level languages have more abstract constructs that are translated into machine code, making programs easier for humans to write but slower to execute. Programming languages continue to evolve to balance expressiveness for programmers with efficiency of execution.
Lec21&22.pptx programing language and there studysamiullahamjad06
ย
Programming languages can be categorized based on their level of abstraction from the machine. Low-level languages like machine language and assembly language are closer to the machine while high-level languages are more abstract. High-level languages are easier for humans to read and write but require compilers or interpreters to convert them to machine language. Common high-level languages include FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, C, C++ and newer languages like JavaScript and Python.
This document discusses different types of programming languages including machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. It explains that machine language is directly understood by computers using binary, while assembly language uses symbols translated by an assembler. High-level languages like COBOL, FORTRAN and BASIC are easier for humans to read and are compiled into machine language. Compilers translate entire high-level programs at once, while interpreters translate and execute one statement at a time.
The document discusses different types of computer languages and language translators. There are two main types of computer languages - low-level languages which are close to machine language like assembly, and high-level languages which are closer to human languages like C++ and Java. Language translators like compilers, interpreters, and assemblers are used to translate programs written in high-level and assembly languages into machine-readable object code. Compilers translate the entire program at once while interpreters translate line-by-line, and assemblers specifically assemble assembly language programs into machine code.
Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem.
A programming language defines a set of instructions that are compiled by the CPU to perform tasks. Programming languages can be classified as low-level or high-level based on their level of abstraction from hardware. Low-level languages like machine code and assembly language provide little abstraction and are closer to binary machine instructions, while high-level languages like C++ and Python provide more abstraction and are easier for humans to read and write.
Introduction Programming and Application Lecture 1.pptxMahamaHaruna
ย
This document provides an introduction to computer programming fundamentals. It discusses how programming languages allow humans to give instructions to computers and how these languages get translated into binary for the computer to understand. It describes low-level languages that are closer to binary and relate to specific hardware, and high-level languages that are more like human languages and portable. Examples of assembly language and common high-level languages are given. The document also briefly explains the role of translators in converting source code into executable machine code.
The document discusses different types of programming languages: machine language uses binary; assembly language uses symbols but still maps to binary; and high-level languages are abstracted from hardware and use English-like syntax. It provides details on each type, including their advantages like efficiency for machine language or readability for high-level languages, and disadvantages like lack of portability or required translation.
A programming language is a vocabulary and set of rules that instructs a computer to perform tasks. High-level languages like BASIC, C, Java, and Pascal are easier for humans than machine language but still need to be converted. Conversion can be done through compiling, which directly translates to machine language, or interpreting, which executes instructions without compilation. Popular languages today include Python, C, Java, and C++.
This document discusses low-level and high-level programming languages. It defines machine language and assembly language as low-level languages that are closer to binary machine code. It then explains that high-level languages use English-like terms and are easier for humans to read and write but can have performance tradeoffs. It also discusses interpreters, which interpret code line-by-line, and compilers, which translate entire programs to machine code ahead of time.
This document discusses programming languages and their classification. It defines a programming language as a language used to write programs that direct a computer's processing steps. Programming languages are classified into machine language, assembly language, and high-level languages. Machine language uses binary and is directly understood by computers, making it the fastest but also the hardest for humans. Assembly language uses symbols to make machine language more readable. High-level languages use familiar syntax and are easier for humans but require translation before computers can execute them.
The document provides an introduction to programming languages. It discusses the different levels of programming languages including low-level languages like machine language and assembly language that are close to hardware, and high-level languages like C++, Java, and Python that are more abstract. It also covers procedural languages which specify steps to complete tasks and object-oriented languages which model real-world objects. Examples are given of popular languages from each paradigm like C, Pascal, and PHP for procedural and C++, Java, Ruby for object-oriented.
This document discusses computer languages and language translators. It describes:
1) Two types of computer languages - low-level languages like machine code and assembly, and high-level languages like C++ and Java. Low-level languages are directly understood by computers while high-level languages are easier for humans.
2) Three generations of languages - first generation used only 1s and 0s, second used assembly, and third introduced high-level languages.
3) Three main types of language translators - compilers which translate programs into executable object code, interpreters which translate line-by-line, and assemblers which translate assembly code into machine code through a one-to-one mapping process.
This document discusses different types of computer languages including machine language, assembly language, high-level languages, fourth generation languages, and object-oriented languages. It provides details on each type of language such as their characteristics, how they are executed, advantages and disadvantages.
Computer programming involves writing instructions for a computer in a programming language. It is done through programming languages that have specific syntax and keywords. There are low-level languages like machine code and assembly that are closer to what computers can understand directly, and high-level languages that are easier for humans like Python and Java but need to be compiled into machine code. Programs are made up of objects, variables, operations and control flow statements. Programming provides benefits like developing problem-solving skills and is a lucrative career.
This document provides an overview of money and banking concepts including:
1. The definition and functions of money as a medium of exchange, store of value, and measure of value.
2. The roles of central banks in managing monetary policy and commercial banks in accepting deposits and issuing loans.
3. Types of bank accounts, loans, and payment methods like cash, checks, and debit/credit cards.
This document discusses various topics related to retailing including:
1. The functions of retailers as intermediaries between manufacturers and consumers.
2. Different types of retailers from large hypermarkets to small independent shops.
3. Advantages and disadvantages of large and small-scale retailing.
4. Trends in retailing like online shopping and loyalty programs.
This document discusses data storage formats for different types of multimedia files. It begins by explaining that sound, pictures, video, text and numbers are stored digitally in different formats. It then discusses various file formats for storing audio like MIDI, MP3, WAV and lossy/lossless compression techniques. For images, it covers JPEG, GIF and vector/bitmap formats. Video compression techniques like MPEG and MP4 are also summarized. The document concludes by covering text/number representation using ASCII and error detection methods like parity checks and checksums.
This explanation is the basic steps in learning python for beginners. Any student wishing to learn python can do so and practice this simple to use tutoril. Any feedback, suggestions or clarifications can be made to buxooa72@mail.com. For G9, G10 and especially G11 students taking computer science [2210].
This presentation is on problem solving & design for students taking computer science [2210]. Unfortunately I can't give the full explanation here. For any suggestions or clarifications, you can mail me on buxooa72@gmail.com.
This lesson is for students taking the Cambridge School certificate exams Computer science subject(2210).I hope that it will of help to students in this period of crisis. Send me your feedback or suggestions on buxooa72@ gmail.com,
COMPUTER SCIENCE PRE RELEASE 2210 FOR NOVEMBER 2018 P22Buxoo Abdullah
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The document provides information about programming concepts like variables, constants, data types, loops, arrays, and validation. It includes pseudocode for tasks like registering children for a running event, recording their times, updating personal best times and identifying the fastest child per age group. Key points covered are defining variables to store names, ages, identification codes, start/finish times. Loops are used to iterate through arrays of child data. Validation checks input data like ages being in the allowed range and identification codes being unique. Time calculations and comparisons determine personal best times and fastest runners.
- Do not eat or drink near computers, run or play near them, or operate them during storms. Do not open casings or insert metal objects.
- Take frequent breaks when using computers, use antiglare screens, and blink eyes regularly to prevent eye strain.
- Adopt proper posture, take regular breaks, and use back supports and footrests to prevent back and wrist pain from prolonged computer use.
The document discusses the history of programming languages from first to fifth generation. It defines a program as a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do. First generation languages used binary machine code, while assembly language as a second generation made programming easier by using letters. Third generation high-level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL, and BASIC improved data management and were easier for non-professionals to use. Fourth and fifth generation languages attempted to make programming even more like natural languages through visual interfaces and English-like syntax.
This document defines data and information and differentiates between the two. It states that data refers to raw facts and figures that have no inherent meaning on their own. Information, on the other hand, is data that has been processed and organized to give it context and meaning. Several examples are provided to illustrate the difference, such as numbers representing different things depending on context. The key points are that data is meaningless on its own, while information is meaningful data that has undergone processing.
Input devices allow data to be entered into a computer system and include keyboards, pointing devices, readers, and digital imaging devices. Keyboards are the most common input device for entering text data. Pointing devices like mice, trackballs, and touchscreens translate user movements and selections into cursor movements on screen. Readers such as magnetic strip readers, barcode scanners, and optical character recognition scanners convert text or encoded data into digital form. Digital imaging devices like webcams, scanners, and digital cameras convert images, video, and sound into digital signals that computers can process and store.
This document discusses curriculum evaluation, which refers to collecting information to make judgments about the effectiveness of an educational program in order to determine whether it should continue unchanged, be modified, or discontinued. The document outlines that curriculum evaluation has three main purposes: describing and judging a program, comparing student performance to objectives, and obtaining information for decision-making. It also distinguishes between formative evaluation, which collects information during instruction to improve it, and summative evaluation, which assesses the worth of a program at its end. Finally, the document notes that evaluation serves a range of stakeholders and helps ensure curriculum quality and updating over time.
A queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structure where elements are added at the rear and removed from the front. Real-world examples of queues include lines at ticket windows and luggage check machines where the first person/luggage in is served first. In computing, queues are useful for tasks waiting to access resources like printers or for scheduling jobs on a CPU. Common queue operations are enqueue to add an element to the rear and dequeue to remove an element from the front.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
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Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
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(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง 2)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ฎ๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ง๐๐ญ:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
Get Success with the Latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps (V11.02) 2024yarusun
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Are you worried about your preparation for the UiPath Power Platform Functional Consultant Certification Exam? You can come to DumpsBase to download the latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam dumps (V11.02) to evaluate your preparation for the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam with the PDF format and testing engine software. The latest UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 exam questions and answers go over every subject on the exam so you can easily understand them. You won't need to worry about passing the UIPATH-ADPV1 exam if you master all of these UiPath UIPATH-ADPV1 dumps (V11.02) of DumpsBase. #UIPATH-ADPV1 Dumps #UIPATH-ADPV1 #UIPATH-ADPV1 Exam Dumps
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
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Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
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UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
1. *OBJECTIVES:
TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS COMPUTER LANGUAGE
TO UNDERSTAND LOW LEVEL AND HIGH LEVEL
LANGUAGE
TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN LOW LEVEL AND HIGH
LEVEL LANGUAGE
2. A computer language is an artificial language
designed to work for different applications
in different environments.
Programming languages can be used to create
programs that control the behavior of a
computer and serve any purpose.
3. The term programming language usually refers to
high-level languages such as BASIC, C, C++,
COBOL, FORTRAN, Pascal, Java, Oracle, ASP.NET,
VB.NET and C#.
Each language has a unique set of keywords (words
that it understands)
4. Human languages are known as natural languages.
Unfortunately, computers can not understand natural
languages, as a result we must communicate with
computers using computer languages.
These languages are:
โข High Level Languages
โข Low Level Languages
โข Assembly Language
โข Machine Language
5.
6. High-level languages are much closer to human language.
A programming language such as C, FORTRAN or Pascal
that enables to write programs which is understandable to
programmer (Human) and can perform any sort of task,
such languages are considered high-level because they are
closer to human languages.
High level language must use interpreter, compiler or
translator to convert human understandable program to
computer readable code (machine code).
It is a set of words and symbol which a
programmer uses to write a program
7. There are many high level languages
Some Examples:
COBOL Business applications
FORTRAN Engineering & Scientific Applications
PASCAL General use and as a teaching tool
C & C++ General Purpose - currently
most popular.
PROLOG Artificial Intelligence
JAVA General all purpose programming
.NET General or web applications.
8. Advantages of High level language over low level lang:
โข They are near to English language, that is they are easier to read,
write and maintain.
โข High-level languages make complex programming simpler.
โข High level languages is portable, i.e., they can work on different
operating system.
โข Length of the program is also small compared with low level.
โข Many real time problems can be easily solved with high level
language.
9. โข They need to be translated for the computer to
understand, hence work slower than machine
code.
10. A computer low level language that deals with hardware
registers by name is known as assembly language.
Assembly language is the best example of low level
language, it is in between machine language and high-
level language.
A low-level language does not need a compiler or
interpreter to run the program, the processor run
low-level code directly.
11.
12. Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as
machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names
instead of numbers.
In the early days of programming all programs were written in
assembly language but now almost programs are written in a high-
level language.
Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer
architecture, in contrast to most high level programming languages,
which are generally portable across multiple systems.
13. *Programmers still use assembly language
when speed is essential or when they need to
perform an operation that isn't possible in a
high-level language.
14. โข Writing games or simulation program
โข Writing operating systems
โข Programming robots
โข Computers viruses, certain device drivers or
other items very close to the hardware or
low-level operating system.
15. It uses mnemonic codes (short forms) for instructions
and allows the programmer to introduce names for blocks
of memory that hold data.
Assembly language is designed to be easily translated into
machine language.
Examples:
MOV AL, 1h ; Load AL with immediate value 1
SUB R0,R0,#1 ;Decrement R0
MUL R0,R1,R2
STR R0,[R1,#20]
16. Machine code or machine language is a system of
instructions and data executed directly by a computer's
CPU. The lowest-level programming language that only be
understood by computers.
Computer language that is directly executable by a
computer without the need for translation by a compiler
or an assembler.
17. The native language of the computer,
The set of symbolic instructions in binary that is used to
represent operations and data in a machine called machine
code
Machine Language: โ0110101100101000โ
machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits
that the computer reads and interprets.
Machine language is the only language a computer
understands. It is almost impossible for humans to use
because they consist entirely of numbers.
18. There are four models of execution of program by
processor in high-level languages:
โข INTERPRETER
โข COMPILER
โข ASSEMBLER
โข TRANSLATOR
19. An interpreter is a program that executes programming
code directly.
Interpreter can convert a source code , usually on a
step-by-step, line-by-line and unit-by-unit basis into
machine code.
Interpreted languages are read and then executed directly,
with no compilation stage.
20. Compiler is a program that compile source code into executable
instructions that a computer can understand, it compiles code and
produce in EXE format before it run.
21. Assembler normally converts assembly languageโs
source code into machine language.
Assembly language is a family of low-level languages
for programming computers. It implements a symbolic
representation of code.
An assembler is a program that takes basic computer
instructions and converts them into a pattern of
bits ( 0 & 1) that the computer runs to produce result.
22. Translator is a computer program that translates one
programming language instruction(s) into another
programming language instruction(s) โฆ
A computer source code is to be translated into a
low-level programming language where native code
compilers change it in machine language for execution.
The source code is the code written either in assembly
or high level language.
23. โข How many categories of computer languages are
there and name them?
โข Explain briefly the differences between each
categories.
โข State the different types of translators and there
functions.
โข State 2 programming languages in high level.
โข Is low level languages still used?
โข State one application where low level language is
still used.
24. โข June 2006 Question 6
(a)Give 2 benefits of using a high level language for writing programs
(b)State one type of program that would be written in a low level
language rather than a high level language and give a reason why.
โข Nov 2007 Question 2
State two differences between high level languages and low level
languages
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