The document discusses composite beams, which combine steel beams with concrete slabs to act compositely. It provides examples and discusses the advantages of composite beams over normal steel beams. The performance of composite beams is similar to reinforced concrete beams, but differs in that the steel beam's properties cannot be ignored and shear connection is needed between the steel and concrete. Design of composite beams follows reinforced concrete design methods with modifications. An example problem is provided to demonstrate the design process for a composite beam, including checking the beam properties, shear connectors, and deflection.
Connections are devices used to join structural elements together to safely transfer forces between them. There are different types of connections classified by their means of connection, such as welded, riveted, and bolted, and by the forces transferred, such as truss connections, fully restrained connections, and partially restrained connections. Fully restrained connections provide continuity between structural members and allow over 90% of moment to be transferred to provide greater flexural resistance. Partially restrained connections have less rigidity than fully restrained connections and allow some percentage of moment and full shear to be transferred. Semi-rigid connections provide rigidity between fully restrained and simple connections and transfer approximately 20-90% of moment.
This document summarizes the key aspects of flat slab construction and design according to Indian code IS 456-2000. It defines flat slabs as slabs that are directly supported by columns without beams, and describes four common types based on whether drops and column heads are used. The main topics covered include guidelines for proportioning slabs and drops, methods for determining bending moments and shear forces, requirements for slab reinforcement, and an example problem demonstrating the design of an interior flat slab panel.
Connections are critical structural elements that join members in steel structures. Common connection types include bolted, welded, and bolted-welded combinations. Connections are classified based on the connecting medium, type of forces transmitted, and elements joined. Riveted connections were previously common but have been replaced by bolted connections which are faster and cheaper to install. Welded connections provide rigidity but require careful design to avoid cracking. Modern connections often combine bolting and welding for strength and economy. Shear and moment connections behave differently in transmitting forces between members like beams and columns. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and safety.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
This document provides information on roof trusses, including their components, types, advantages, and uses. It discusses the need for roof trusses to provide clear spans, headroom, and ventilation. Various factors that affect truss selection are outlined. Common truss types include king post and queen post trusses, which differ in their use of vertical posts and beams. Steel trusses are often used for larger spans. Roof coverings like thatch, wood shingles, tiles, asbestos cement sheets, and galvanized iron sheets are also overviewed.
Shear, bond bearing,camber & deflection in prestressed concreteMAHFUZUR RAHMAN
This Presentation was presented as a partial fulfillment of Prestressed Concrete Design Lab Course. Behavior & Design of Prestress on above topic is shortly discussed on the presentation. The part "Shear & Shear Design in Prestressed" Concrete was prepared by me. Other topics were prepared by other members of my group. Thanks to all my teachers & friends who helped us in different stages during preparation of the total presentation.
This document discusses different types of reinforced concrete slabs, including one-way slabs, two-way slabs, flat slabs, and ribbed slabs. One-way slabs are supported on two sides and bend in one direction, while two-way slabs are supported on all four sides and bend in both directions. Flat slabs do not have beams and loads are transferred directly to columns, providing a plain ceiling. Ribbed slabs contain reinforced concrete ribs spaced no more than 1 meter apart between which the slab spans.
Connections are critical components that join structural elements to transfer forces safely. Steel connections influence construction costs and failures often originate from connections. Common steel connections include bolted, welded, and riveted joints. Bolted connections can be bearing type or friction grip bolts. Welded joints include fillet and butt welds. Connections must be designed for the expected loads, with shear connections allowing rotation and moment connections resisting it. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and economy.
Connections are devices used to join structural elements together to safely transfer forces between them. There are different types of connections classified by their means of connection, such as welded, riveted, and bolted, and by the forces transferred, such as truss connections, fully restrained connections, and partially restrained connections. Fully restrained connections provide continuity between structural members and allow over 90% of moment to be transferred to provide greater flexural resistance. Partially restrained connections have less rigidity than fully restrained connections and allow some percentage of moment and full shear to be transferred. Semi-rigid connections provide rigidity between fully restrained and simple connections and transfer approximately 20-90% of moment.
This document summarizes the key aspects of flat slab construction and design according to Indian code IS 456-2000. It defines flat slabs as slabs that are directly supported by columns without beams, and describes four common types based on whether drops and column heads are used. The main topics covered include guidelines for proportioning slabs and drops, methods for determining bending moments and shear forces, requirements for slab reinforcement, and an example problem demonstrating the design of an interior flat slab panel.
Connections are critical structural elements that join members in steel structures. Common connection types include bolted, welded, and bolted-welded combinations. Connections are classified based on the connecting medium, type of forces transmitted, and elements joined. Riveted connections were previously common but have been replaced by bolted connections which are faster and cheaper to install. Welded connections provide rigidity but require careful design to avoid cracking. Modern connections often combine bolting and welding for strength and economy. Shear and moment connections behave differently in transmitting forces between members like beams and columns. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and safety.
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam,
This document provides information on roof trusses, including their components, types, advantages, and uses. It discusses the need for roof trusses to provide clear spans, headroom, and ventilation. Various factors that affect truss selection are outlined. Common truss types include king post and queen post trusses, which differ in their use of vertical posts and beams. Steel trusses are often used for larger spans. Roof coverings like thatch, wood shingles, tiles, asbestos cement sheets, and galvanized iron sheets are also overviewed.
Shear, bond bearing,camber & deflection in prestressed concreteMAHFUZUR RAHMAN
This Presentation was presented as a partial fulfillment of Prestressed Concrete Design Lab Course. Behavior & Design of Prestress on above topic is shortly discussed on the presentation. The part "Shear & Shear Design in Prestressed" Concrete was prepared by me. Other topics were prepared by other members of my group. Thanks to all my teachers & friends who helped us in different stages during preparation of the total presentation.
This document discusses different types of reinforced concrete slabs, including one-way slabs, two-way slabs, flat slabs, and ribbed slabs. One-way slabs are supported on two sides and bend in one direction, while two-way slabs are supported on all four sides and bend in both directions. Flat slabs do not have beams and loads are transferred directly to columns, providing a plain ceiling. Ribbed slabs contain reinforced concrete ribs spaced no more than 1 meter apart between which the slab spans.
Connections are critical components that join structural elements to transfer forces safely. Steel connections influence construction costs and failures often originate from connections. Common steel connections include bolted, welded, and riveted joints. Bolted connections can be bearing type or friction grip bolts. Welded joints include fillet and butt welds. Connections must be designed for the expected loads, with shear connections allowing rotation and moment connections resisting it. Proper connection design is important for structural integrity and economy.
This presentation summarizes the key aspects of one-way slab design. It defines one-way slabs as having an aspect ratio of 2:1 or greater, with bending primarily along the long axis. The presentation discusses the types of one-way slabs including solid, hollow, and ribbed. It also outlines the design considerations for one-way slabs according to the ACI code, including minimum thickness, reinforcement ratios, and bar spacing. An example problem demonstrates how to design a one-way slab for a given set of loading and dimensional conditions.
This presentation summarizes different types of bolted connections. It discusses bearing bolts, which can be unfinished or finished. Unfinished bolts have rough shanks while finished bolts have circular shanks from turning. It also defines terminology used in bolted connections like pitch, gauge distance, and edge distance. Finally, it discusses grade classifications for bolts based on their strength and specifies requirements for bolted connections according to Indian codes and standards, distinguishing between lap joints and butt joints.
This document provides an overview of reinforced concrete design principles for civil engineers and construction managers. It discusses the aim of structural design according to BS 8110, describes the properties and composite action of reinforced concrete, explains limit state design methodology, and summarizes key elements like slabs, beams, columns, walls, and foundations. The document also covers material properties, stress-strain curves, failure modes, and general procedures for slab sizing and design.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is determined based on the loads applied, including axial load only, symmetrical beam loading, or loading in one or two bending directions. Links are included to prevent bar buckling. Examples show how to design column longitudinal reinforcement and links for different load cases.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
This document discusses pile foundations. It begins by listing the topics that will be covered, including types of piles, pile spacing, pile caps, load testing, and failures. It then defines a pile foundation as using slender structural members like steel, concrete or timber that are installed in the ground to transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. The document goes on to classify piles based on their function, material, and installation method. It describes common pile types such as precast concrete, driven steel, and cast-in-place piles. The document provides details on pile uses, selection factors, and installation procedures.
A raft foundation is a large concrete slab that interfaces columns with the base soil. It can support storage tanks, equipment, or tower structures. There are different types including flat plate, plate with thickened columns, and waffle slab. The structural design uses conventional rigid or flexible methods. It involves determining soil pressures, load eccentricities, moment and shear diagrams for strips, punching shear sections, steel reinforcement, and checking stresses. A beam-slab raft foundation design follows the same process as an inverted beam-slab roof.
The document discusses different methods of designing concrete structures, focusing on the limit state method. It describes the limit state method's goal of achieving an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unsuitable for its intended use during its lifetime. The document then discusses stress-strain curves for concrete and steel. It covers stress block parameters and equations for calculating the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for singly reinforced concrete beams. The document concludes by providing examples of analyzing an existing beam section and designing a new beam section.
This document provides details on the design of staircases, including:
1. It describes the typical components of a staircase like flights, landings, risers, treads, nosings, waist slabs, and soffits.
2. It discusses different types of staircases like straight, quarter turn, dog-legged, open well, spiral and helicoidal.
3. It classifies staircases structurally into those with stair slabs spanning transversely or longitudinally and provides examples of each type.
4. It provides an example calculation for the design of a waist slab spanning longitudinally, including loading, bending moment calculation, reinforcement design and checks.
This document discusses the design of compression members subjected to axial load and biaxial bending. It introduces the concept of biaxial eccentricities and explains that columns should be designed considering possible eccentricities in two axes. The document outlines the method suggested by IS 456-2000, which is based on Breslar's load contour approach. It relates the parameter αn to the ratio of Pu/Puz. Finally, it provides a step-by-step process for designing the column section, which involves determining uniaxial moment capacities, computing permissible moment values from charts, and revising the section if needed. It also briefly mentions the simplified method according to BS8110.
This document provides information about pile foundations, including:
- Piles transfer structural loads through weak soil layers into stronger soils and rocks below.
- Common types of piles include pre-cast concrete, cast-in-situ concrete (e.g. Raymond, MacArthur), steel, timber, and composite piles.
- Piles are selected based on factors like soil properties, loading conditions, costs, and availability of materials. Proper pile type and design are necessary to safely support structures.
Anchorage and lap splicing Detailing of slabs, columns, beams, footingskarthickcivic
This document discusses Eurocode 2 and provides details on anchorage and lap splicing of reinforcement in slabs, columns, beams and footings according to Eurocode 2. It covers general provisions for anchorage length, including tables of minimum anchorage lengths for different bar diameters. It also discusses lap splicing requirements, including tables of minimum lap splice lengths. The document is intended to provide guidance on reinforcement detailing according to Eurocode 2.
OUTLINE:
Introduction
Shoring Process
Effective Beam Flange Width
Shear Transfer
Strength Of Steel Anchors
Partially Composite Beams
Moment Capacity Of Composite Sections
Deflection
Design Of Composite Sections
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
Prestressed concrete is concrete that is placed under compression using tensioned steel strands, cables, or bars. This is done through either pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. In pre-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned before the concrete is poured, while in post-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Prestressed concrete provides benefits over reinforced concrete like lower construction costs, thinner structural elements, and longer spans between supports.
The document discusses the balanced cantilever method of bridge construction. It begins by explaining that this method is used for bridges with spans between 50-250m, and involves attaching precast or cast-in-place segments in an alternating manner from each end of cantilevers supported by piers. This method is well-suited for irregular spans, congested sites, and environmentally sensitive areas. It also discusses advantages like determinacy and reduced cracking risks. The document then goes into detail about construction sequences, member proportioning, superstructure types, and analysis of a specific balanced cantilever bridge in Kochi, India.
Two way slabs are slabs that are supported on all four edges and have a ratio of less than 2 between their long and short spans. This causes them to bend in both directions. There are two types: simply supported and restrained. Simply supported slabs have corners that lift up under loading while restrained slabs have corners that are held down, producing torsion. Reinforcement is provided differently depending on the type of slab.
This document provides information on analysis and design of reinforced concrete beams. It discusses key concepts such as modular ratio, neutral axis, stress diagrams, and types of reinforcement. It also defines under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. Several examples are provided to illustrate determination of neutral axis depth, moment of resistance, steel percentage, and stresses in concrete and steel reinforcement. Design aspects like maximum load capacity are also explained through examples.
rectangular and section analysis in bending and shearqueripan
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete beams for bending and shear. It covers the analysis of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular beam sections. Key points covered include the concept of neutral axis, under-reinforced and over-reinforced sections, design of bending reinforcement, design of shear reinforcement including link spacing, and deflection criteria. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate the design of bending and shear reinforcement for rectangular beams.
This presentation summarizes the key aspects of one-way slab design. It defines one-way slabs as having an aspect ratio of 2:1 or greater, with bending primarily along the long axis. The presentation discusses the types of one-way slabs including solid, hollow, and ribbed. It also outlines the design considerations for one-way slabs according to the ACI code, including minimum thickness, reinforcement ratios, and bar spacing. An example problem demonstrates how to design a one-way slab for a given set of loading and dimensional conditions.
This presentation summarizes different types of bolted connections. It discusses bearing bolts, which can be unfinished or finished. Unfinished bolts have rough shanks while finished bolts have circular shanks from turning. It also defines terminology used in bolted connections like pitch, gauge distance, and edge distance. Finally, it discusses grade classifications for bolts based on their strength and specifies requirements for bolted connections according to Indian codes and standards, distinguishing between lap joints and butt joints.
This document provides an overview of reinforced concrete design principles for civil engineers and construction managers. It discusses the aim of structural design according to BS 8110, describes the properties and composite action of reinforced concrete, explains limit state design methodology, and summarizes key elements like slabs, beams, columns, walls, and foundations. The document also covers material properties, stress-strain curves, failure modes, and general procedures for slab sizing and design.
The document discusses reinforced concrete columns, including their functions, failure modes, classifications, and design considerations. Columns primarily resist axial compression but may also experience bending moments. They can fail due to compression, buckling, or a combination. Design depends on whether the column is short or slender, braced or unbraced. Reinforcement is determined based on the loads applied, including axial load only, symmetrical beam loading, or loading in one or two bending directions. Links are included to prevent bar buckling. Examples show how to design column longitudinal reinforcement and links for different load cases.
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD Bars
This document discusses pile foundations. It begins by listing the topics that will be covered, including types of piles, pile spacing, pile caps, load testing, and failures. It then defines a pile foundation as using slender structural members like steel, concrete or timber that are installed in the ground to transfer structural loads to deeper, stronger soil layers. The document goes on to classify piles based on their function, material, and installation method. It describes common pile types such as precast concrete, driven steel, and cast-in-place piles. The document provides details on pile uses, selection factors, and installation procedures.
A raft foundation is a large concrete slab that interfaces columns with the base soil. It can support storage tanks, equipment, or tower structures. There are different types including flat plate, plate with thickened columns, and waffle slab. The structural design uses conventional rigid or flexible methods. It involves determining soil pressures, load eccentricities, moment and shear diagrams for strips, punching shear sections, steel reinforcement, and checking stresses. A beam-slab raft foundation design follows the same process as an inverted beam-slab roof.
The document discusses different methods of designing concrete structures, focusing on the limit state method. It describes the limit state method's goal of achieving an acceptable probability that a structure will not become unsuitable for its intended use during its lifetime. The document then discusses stress-strain curves for concrete and steel. It covers stress block parameters and equations for calculating the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for singly reinforced concrete beams. The document concludes by providing examples of analyzing an existing beam section and designing a new beam section.
This document provides details on the design of staircases, including:
1. It describes the typical components of a staircase like flights, landings, risers, treads, nosings, waist slabs, and soffits.
2. It discusses different types of staircases like straight, quarter turn, dog-legged, open well, spiral and helicoidal.
3. It classifies staircases structurally into those with stair slabs spanning transversely or longitudinally and provides examples of each type.
4. It provides an example calculation for the design of a waist slab spanning longitudinally, including loading, bending moment calculation, reinforcement design and checks.
This document discusses the design of compression members subjected to axial load and biaxial bending. It introduces the concept of biaxial eccentricities and explains that columns should be designed considering possible eccentricities in two axes. The document outlines the method suggested by IS 456-2000, which is based on Breslar's load contour approach. It relates the parameter αn to the ratio of Pu/Puz. Finally, it provides a step-by-step process for designing the column section, which involves determining uniaxial moment capacities, computing permissible moment values from charts, and revising the section if needed. It also briefly mentions the simplified method according to BS8110.
This document provides information about pile foundations, including:
- Piles transfer structural loads through weak soil layers into stronger soils and rocks below.
- Common types of piles include pre-cast concrete, cast-in-situ concrete (e.g. Raymond, MacArthur), steel, timber, and composite piles.
- Piles are selected based on factors like soil properties, loading conditions, costs, and availability of materials. Proper pile type and design are necessary to safely support structures.
Anchorage and lap splicing Detailing of slabs, columns, beams, footingskarthickcivic
This document discusses Eurocode 2 and provides details on anchorage and lap splicing of reinforcement in slabs, columns, beams and footings according to Eurocode 2. It covers general provisions for anchorage length, including tables of minimum anchorage lengths for different bar diameters. It also discusses lap splicing requirements, including tables of minimum lap splice lengths. The document is intended to provide guidance on reinforcement detailing according to Eurocode 2.
OUTLINE:
Introduction
Shoring Process
Effective Beam Flange Width
Shear Transfer
Strength Of Steel Anchors
Partially Composite Beams
Moment Capacity Of Composite Sections
Deflection
Design Of Composite Sections
This document provides an overview of the design of steel beams. It discusses various beam types and sections, loads on beams, design considerations for restrained and unrestrained beams. For restrained beams, it covers lateral restraint requirements, section classification, shear capacity, moment capacity under low and high shear, web bearing, buckling, and deflection checks. For unrestrained beams, it discusses lateral torsional buckling, moment and buckling resistance checks. Design procedures and equations for determining effective properties and capacities are also presented.
Prestressed concrete is concrete that is placed under compression using tensioned steel strands, cables, or bars. This is done through either pre-tensioning or post-tensioning. In pre-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned before the concrete is poured, while in post-tensioning, the steel components are tensioned after the concrete has hardened. Prestressed concrete provides benefits over reinforced concrete like lower construction costs, thinner structural elements, and longer spans between supports.
The document discusses the balanced cantilever method of bridge construction. It begins by explaining that this method is used for bridges with spans between 50-250m, and involves attaching precast or cast-in-place segments in an alternating manner from each end of cantilevers supported by piers. This method is well-suited for irregular spans, congested sites, and environmentally sensitive areas. It also discusses advantages like determinacy and reduced cracking risks. The document then goes into detail about construction sequences, member proportioning, superstructure types, and analysis of a specific balanced cantilever bridge in Kochi, India.
Two way slabs are slabs that are supported on all four edges and have a ratio of less than 2 between their long and short spans. This causes them to bend in both directions. There are two types: simply supported and restrained. Simply supported slabs have corners that lift up under loading while restrained slabs have corners that are held down, producing torsion. Reinforcement is provided differently depending on the type of slab.
This document provides information on analysis and design of reinforced concrete beams. It discusses key concepts such as modular ratio, neutral axis, stress diagrams, and types of reinforcement. It also defines under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. Several examples are provided to illustrate determination of neutral axis depth, moment of resistance, steel percentage, and stresses in concrete and steel reinforcement. Design aspects like maximum load capacity are also explained through examples.
rectangular and section analysis in bending and shearqueripan
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete beams for bending and shear. It covers the analysis of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular beam sections. Key points covered include the concept of neutral axis, under-reinforced and over-reinforced sections, design of bending reinforcement, design of shear reinforcement including link spacing, and deflection criteria. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate the design of bending and shear reinforcement for rectangular beams.
The document summarizes the analysis of reinforced concrete beam cross sections to determine their moment of resistance at the ultimate limit state. It outlines the key assumptions of the strength design method and describes the behavior of beams under small, moderate and ultimate loads. It also discusses balanced, under-reinforced and over-reinforced beam sections, and introduces the concept of the equivalent stress block to simplify calculations. Worked examples are provided to demonstrate how to determine the depth of the neutral axis and moment of resistance for various beam cross sections.
This document provides instructions and questions for a structural design exam. It consists of 4 questions. Students must answer question 1 and any other two questions. Question 1 involves calculating bending moments, designing reinforcement, and determining shear capacity for concrete beams. Question 2 involves checking the adequacy of steel sections and designing a bolt connection. Question 3 uses force methods to determine reactions and draws shear and bending moment diagrams. Question 4 analyzes a frame under vertical and lateral loads to determine reactions and internal forces at specific points. The document also includes relevant design formulas and appendices on load combinations, bending moment coefficients, and steel design strengths.
The document presents the design of a post-tensioned prestressed concrete tee beam and slab bridge deck. Key details include:
- The bridge will have an effective span of 30m and width of 7.5m with 600mm kerbs and 1.5m footpaths on each side.
- The project team will design the bridge to meet Class AA loading standards for a national highway.
- The bridge will have 4 main girders spaced at 2.5m intervals with a 250mm thick deck slab cast between them.
- The document outlines the design process for the interior slab panel, longitudinal girders, and calculation of design moments and shear forces. Properties of the main girder cross
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
This document discusses the load carrying capacity and design of reinforced concrete beams. It provides information on:
1. The loads carried by different types of beams supporting one-way or two-way slabs. Equations are given for calculating equivalent uniform distributed loads.
2. Slab load per unit area calculations for different floor types, including dead loads from self-weight, finishes, and live loads.
3. The process for designing singly reinforced concrete beams using the strength method, including selecting dimensions and reinforcement ratios to satisfy strength and serviceability limits.
4. Details on reinforcement schedules, bar types, hook lengths, and calculating rebar quantities.
Lec 13-14-15-flexural analysis and design of beams-2007-rCivil Zone
This document discusses the load carrying capacity and design of reinforced concrete beams. It provides information on:
1. The loads carried by different types of beams supporting one-way or two-way slabs. Equations are given for calculating equivalent uniform distributed loads.
2. Slab load per unit area calculations for different floor types, including dead loads from self-weight, finishes, and live loads.
3. The process for designing singly reinforced concrete beams using the strength method, including selecting dimensions and reinforcement ratios to satisfy strength and serviceability limits.
4. Details on reinforcement schedules, bar types, hook lengths, and calculating rebar quantities.
This document provides a design example for a reinforced concrete T-beam bridge girder. It includes the design of the deck slab, longitudinal girders, and cross girders. The design uses Courbon's method to calculate live load bending moments and shear forces. Details are given for the design of an interior deck slab panel including reinforcement sizing. Design of the longitudinal girders includes calculating reaction factors and sizing reinforcement to resist bending moments and shear forces from dead and live loads.
DESIGN OF DECK SLAB AND GIRDERS- BRIDGE ENGINEERINGLiyaWilson4
This document provides a design example for a reinforced concrete T-beam bridge girder. It includes the design of the deck slab, longitudinal girders, and cross girders. The design uses Courbon's method to calculate live load bending moments and shear forces. Details are given for the design of an interior deck slab panel including reinforcement sizing. Design of the longitudinal girders includes calculating reaction factors and sizing reinforcement to resist bending moments and shear forces from dead and live loads.
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams
made by Axay Dhariwal under guidance of Prof Sunil Raiyani, Nirma Institute of Technology at #33NCCE #IEIGSC
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
This document provides an overview of design in reinforced concrete according to BS 8110. It discusses the basic materials used - concrete and steel reinforcement - and their properties. It describes two limit states for design: ultimate limit state considering failure, and serviceability limit state considering deflection and cracking. Key aspects of beam design are summarized, including types of beams, design for bending and shear resistance, and limiting deflection. Reinforcement detailing rules are also briefly covered.
This document provides an overview of design in reinforced concrete according to BS 8110. It discusses the basic materials used - concrete and steel reinforcement - and their properties. It describes two limit states for design: ultimate limit state considering failure, and serviceability limit state considering deflection and cracking. Key aspects of beam design are summarized, including types of beams, design for bending and shear resistance, and limiting deflection. Reinforcement detailing rules are also briefly covered. Design examples are provided to illustrate bending and shear design of beams.
This document discusses composite construction, specifically composite steel and concrete beams. It provides definitions and examples of composite construction, explaining that it aims to make each material perform the function it is best suited for. It then describes the differences between non-composite and composite beam behavior. The document goes on to discuss elements of composite construction like decking and shear studs. It also summarizes the design process for composite beams, covering moment capacity, shear capacity, shear connector capacity, and longitudinal shear capacity calculations.
Sheryar Bismil
Student of Mirpur University of Science & Technology(MUST).
Student of Final Year Civil Engineering Department Main campus Mirpur.
Here we Gonna to learn about the basic to depth wise study of Plan Reinforced Concrete-i.
From basis terminology to wide information about the analysis and design of Concrete member like column,Beam,Slab,etc.
Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Beamsc4ppuc1n0
The document discusses the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under flexure. It covers the basic assumptions in flexure theory including plane sections remaining plane, equal strains in concrete and steel, and modeling the concrete stress-strain relationship. It also discusses the stress block model used to calculate flexural strength and provides examples of calculating the centroid and moment of inertia for uncracked and cracked beam sections. The examples show how cracking causes the centroid to shift upward and the moment of inertia to decrease significantly.
This document provides an overview of the design of beams and one-way slabs for flexure, shear, and torsion according to IS 456. It discusses key concepts like requirements for flexural reinforcement, minimum and maximum reinforcement limits, clear cover, deflection control, and selection of member sizes. The document also includes a worked example showing the step-by-step design of a rectangular reinforced concrete beam for flexure. Design checks are performed to check for strength and deflection requirements. Modules for the course will cover analysis and design of beams, one-way slabs, and reinforcement detailing in accordance with limit state design principles and code specifications.
The beam section was designed with 42 prestressing strands located 130mm from the soffit. Section properties were calculated. Stress checks were performed at three stages to ensure stresses did not exceed allowable limits. A Magnel diagram showed the section satisfied design criteria with prestressing. Stirrup spacing of 150mm was chosen to resist shear. Total prestress losses were estimated at 26.67%. Deflections were calculated at various stages. A concrete slab was designed with reinforcement to span between beams.
OPTIMIZATION OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE BEAMS-student vincenzo robertiVincenzo Roberti
This document summarizes a student's final report on optimizing the design of prestressed concrete beams. The student formulated the problem using nonlinear programming to minimize the cost of the beam based on design variables like section dimensions and amount of prestressing steel. Constraints included practical bounds on dimensions and strength requirements. Standard and idealized beam sections were analyzed. Results found that a double tee section minimized cost and increasing concrete strength reduced cost for T-beams with 7 ksi concrete being optimal. Standard sections analysis confirmed idealized section results. The student concluded the idealized section optimization provided effective guidance to find the lowest cost standard beam section design.
My Fashion PPT is my presentation on fashion and TrendssMedhaRana1
This Presentation is in one way a guide to master the classic trends and become a timeless beauty. This will help the beginners who are out with the motto to excel and become a Pro Fashionista, this Presentation will provide them with easy but really useful ten ways to master the art of styles. Hope This Helps.
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Composite beams-and-slabs1
1. COMPOSITE BEAMS AND SLABS
Introduction
The term composite can be used of any structural medium in which two or more materials
interact to provide the required strength and stiffness. In steelwork construction, the term
refers to cross-section which combine steel section with concrete in such a way that the two
act together as one unit. Examples are shown below.
In situ concrete in situ concrete precastunit
Headed stud connector
The performance of composite beams is similar to that of reinforced concrete (rc) beams, but
there are two main differences.
Firstly, the steel section has a significant depth and its second moment of area may not be
ignored, unlike that of steel bar reinforcement.
Secondly, the concrete to reinforcement bond which essentially for rc action is absent, in
composite beams generally must be provided by shear connection.
Design method for composite beams therefore follows those methods for rc with modification
as indicated. Due to the presence of the concrete slab, problems of steel compression flange
instability and local bucking of the steel members are not usually relevant in simply
supported member except doing erection.
Recommendations for design in composite constructions are not included in part 1 of BS
5950 but are included in part 3 and 4 of BS 5950.
Advantages of Composite Beam (CB) Construction
The advantages of CB over normal steelwork beams are
1. The increased moment capacity and
2. Stiffness, or alternatively the reduced steel sizes for the same moment capacity.
Disadvantages of CB
The disadvantage of composite construction is the need to provide shear connectors to ensure
interaction of the parts.
2. The following are considered when dealing with composite structures
a) Shear and moment capacity
Essentially composite beams are T- beams with wide concrete flanges. Effective breadth
(bs) may be taken as one- fifth of the span for simply supported. While continuous and
cantilever beams they are treated separately (see BS 5950 part 3).
Shear capacity is based on the resistance of the web of the steel section alone.
Pv = 0.6Py Av
Moment capacity (Mc) is based on the assumed ultimate steel conditions as shown in Figs 1
and 2
i. When NA (𝑋 𝑝) is within the concrete slab depth (𝑑 𝑐)
Mc=AbPy (𝑑 𝑐 +
𝐷
2
-
𝑋𝑝
2
)
ii. When NA (𝑋 𝑝) is within the steel beam
Mc = AbPy (
𝐷
2
+
𝑑𝑐
2
) - 2𝐴 𝑏𝑐 𝑃𝑦 (𝑑 𝑠𝑐 –
𝑑𝑐
𝑐
)
𝑏𝑠
𝑑 𝑐 𝑋 𝑝 𝐹𝑐 = 0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑋 𝑝
𝑑 𝑐 +
𝐷
2
D 𝐴 𝑏 𝑃𝑦
Where, 𝑋 𝑝= AbPy
0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠
Ab = steel area
Fig 1; NA is within the concrete slab
3. 𝑏𝑠
𝑑 𝑐 𝑑 𝑠𝑐 0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑋 𝑝
𝐷
2
𝑋𝑝 𝐴 𝑏𝑐 𝑃𝑦
(𝐴 𝑏− 𝐴 𝑏𝑐 )𝑃𝑦
Where, 𝐴 𝑏𝑐 =
𝐴𝑏
2
- 0.2 𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏 𝑠 𝑑 𝑐
𝑃𝑦
Ab = steel area
Fig. 2; NA within the steel beam
Shear Connectors
There are various forms of it but the preferred type is the headed stud.
Shear connectors must perform the primary function of:
a) Transferring of shear at the steal /concrete interface (equivalent to bond), hence
controlling slip between the two parts.
b) Secondly, carries the tensile force between the parts, hence controlling separation.
The performance of all shear connectors is affected by
a) Lateral restraint of the surrounding concrete
b) Presence of tension in the concrete, and
c) Type of concrete used (normal or light weight)
Shear force (𝑃𝑐) =
𝐹𝑐
𝑁𝑠𝑐
Where, 𝐹𝑐= 0.4𝐹𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑋 𝑝 (where NA is in concrete)
𝐹𝑐= 0.4𝐹𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑑 𝑐 (where NA is in steel)
And Nsc = No of studs required
The connector force (𝑃𝑐) ≯ 0.75𝑃 𝑘
4. Shear strength (𝑃 𝑘)of headed studs
Diameter
(mm)
Height
(mm)
Shear strength 𝑃 𝑘 in (KN) for 𝑓𝑐𝑢in (N/mm2)
20 30 40 50
22 100 112 126 139 153
19 100 90 100 109 119
16 75 6 74 82 90
Local shear in Concrete
The total shear connection depends on
a) The shear connector itself and
b) The ability of the surrounding concrete to transmit the shear stresses.
Therefore, longitudinal shear failure is possible as such transverse reinforcement must be
provided with strength greater than the applied shear per unit length (q):
q≯ 0.15 𝐿 𝑠 𝑓𝑐𝑢
And q≯ 0.9𝐿 𝑠 + 0.7𝐴 𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑦
Where, 𝐴 𝑒 is either (𝐴 𝑟𝑡+𝐴 𝑟𝑏) or 2 𝐴 𝑟𝑏 depending on the shear path
𝑃𝑟𝑦 = the design strength of the reinforcement
𝑓𝑐𝑢 = the concrete cube strength
𝐿 𝑠 is either (2 (connector width + stud height))
Or 2(slab depth)
Deflection
As in steel beam design, defection ought to be checked for at the serviceability limit state
(un- factored loads)
The values of Neutral Axis (NA) depth (𝑋 𝑒) and the Equivalent Second Moment area
(𝐼𝑏𝑐) allows defection to be calculated using normal elastic formulae with a value of
𝐸𝑠 = 205 KN/mm2.
Modular ratio (m)
𝑓𝑐𝑢(N/mm2) Short term Sustained
20 8.2 16.4
30 7.3 14.6
40 6.6 13.2
50 6.0 12.0
5. 𝑏𝑠
𝑑 𝑐 𝑋 𝑒
𝐷
2
Steel 𝐼𝑏
Strain diagram
Area 𝐴 𝑏 and r =
𝐴 𝑏
𝑏 𝑠 𝑑 𝑐
Fig 3 Transformed section
𝑋 𝑒 = (
𝑑 𝑐
2
+ mr (
𝐷
2
+ 𝑑 𝑐 )) / (1 +mr)
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 𝐴 𝑏 (D + 𝑑 𝑐) 2 / 4 (1 + mr) +
𝑏 𝑠 𝑑 𝑐
3
12𝑚
+ 𝐼𝑏
Actual deflection (ℓ) =
𝑤𝑙3
60𝐸 𝐼𝑏𝑐
Example 1
Yodebees Consult Limited based in Jos was contracted to design a steel structure. The plan,
section and other details are shown in Fig. Q1
Dimension:
Span of beam = 10 m
Beam centers = 6 m
Concrete slab thickness (dc) = 200 mm spanning in two ways
Screed thickness (ts) = 40 mm
Loading:
Concrete slab unit weight ( 𝛾𝑐)) = 23.8 KN/m3
Screed unit weight ( 𝛾𝑠) = 22 KN/m3
Imposed load = 5.0 KN/m2
Characteristics cube strength (𝑓𝑐𝑢 ) = 30 N/mm2
Self weight of beam = 6 KN (Assumed)
Young modulus of steel = 205 KN/m2
Characteristic strength of steel (𝑃𝑟𝑦) = 460 N/mm2
Others:
Area of reinforcement (Ae) = 0.800 mm2/m (ϴ10mm@200mm𝑐
𝑐⁄
Modular ratio (m) = 13.2 sustained
Length of shear path (Ls) = 380 mm
Use 22mm diameter by 100 mm high headed stud, (shear strength, Pk = 119 Kn)
6. Question
a) Design the most economical composite I- section beam to BS 5950 Part 3, given that
Zx (calculated) be reduced by 59 %
b) Check the suitability of the connectors and
c) Check for deflection.
10m
6m Screed
Beam Slab
6m
6m
Fig Q1
Solution
3m
3m
3m 4m 3m
Load computation
Dead load due to slab = 𝛾𝑐 (dc) = 4.76 KN/m2
Dead load due to screed= 𝛾𝑠(𝑡𝑠) = 0.88 KN/m 2
Total (gk) = 5.64KN/m2
Area Calculation
= 2 (bh) = 24m2
= (½bh) 4 = 18.m2
Dead load (𝑤 𝑑)
On = gk(A) =135.4KN
On = gk(A) =101.5KN
7. Imposed load (𝑤𝑖)
On = qk(A) = 120KN
On =qk(A) = 90KN
Ultimate load (w)
Uniform dead load = 1.4x6 = 8.4KN
On = 1.4wd +1.6wi = 382KN
On =1.4wd +1.6wi = 286KN 191 191
143 143
8.4
4.2 4.2 334 334
10m 3m 2m 2m 3m
∴ 𝑀 𝑥 = 1061KNm = 𝑀 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐹 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 338KN
A) Design Aspect
Assume 𝑝 𝑦 = 275 N/mm2 (Table 6)
∴ 𝑍 𝑥 =
𝑀 𝑥
𝑃 𝑦
= 3858 cm3
But 𝑍 𝑥 should be reduced by 59%
∴ 𝑍 𝑥 = 1582cm3
Use 457 x 191 x 82 Kg/m UB (𝑍𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 1612 cm3)
Other parameters are:
𝐴 𝑏= 104.5cm2; D= 460.2mm; t = 9.9mm and T= 16mm
Check the following
a) Shear capacity (𝑃𝑣 ) = 0.6𝑃𝑦 𝐴 𝑣= 752 KN
But
𝐹𝑥
𝑃𝑣
= 0.45 < 1.0 (Section adequate)
b) Moment capacity (𝑀𝑐 )
Assume that 𝑋 𝑝 is within the concrete slab as shown
𝑏𝑠
𝑑 𝑐 𝑋 𝑝
457 x 191 x 82 (UB)
8. Calculate, 𝑋 𝑝= AbPy = 119mm< dc
0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠
∴ NA is within the slab.
Moment capacity (Mc) =AbPy (𝑑 𝑐 +
𝐷
2
-
𝑋𝑝
2
) = 1063KNm > Mx
𝑀 𝑥
𝑀 𝑐
= 0.99 < 1.0 (Section adequate)
B) Shear connectors
Force in the concrete @ Mid –span (𝐹𝑐 ) = 0.4𝑓𝑐𝑢 𝑏𝑠 𝑋 𝑝 = 2880KN
But Shear strength (𝑃 𝑘)= 126 KN (given).
No of studs required (𝑁𝑠𝑐) =
𝐹𝑐
𝑃𝑐
= 30 studs
But the connector force (𝑃𝑐) ≯ 0.75𝑃 𝑘 = 94.5KN
The studs are to be evenly distributed in each half span
Spacing =
𝐿
2⁄
𝑁𝑠𝑐
= 167mm
Shear per unit length (q) =
𝐹𝑐
𝐿
2⁄
= 576N/mm
But q≯ 0.15 𝐿 𝑠 𝑓𝑐𝑢
And q≯ 0.9𝐿 𝑠 + 0.7𝐴 𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑦
But (Ls) = 380mm (given)
0.15 𝐿 𝑠 𝑓𝑐𝑢 = 1710N/mm
And
0.9𝐿 𝑠 + 0.7𝐴 𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑦 = 600N/mm
∴ Shear connector is adequate
C) Defection
Use the un-factored imposed load (W) =210KN
But r =
𝐴 𝑏
𝑏 𝑠 𝑑 𝑐
= 0.026
M = 13.2 (given)
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑁𝐴 (𝑋 𝑒 ) = (
𝑑 𝑐
2
+ mr (
𝐷
2
+ 𝑑 𝑐 )) / (1 +mr) = 184mm< 𝑑 𝑐
∴ Use the transformed formula to obtain moment of inertia(𝐼𝑏𝑐)
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 𝐴 𝑏 (D + 𝑑 𝑐) 2 / 4 (1 + mr) +
𝑏 𝑠 𝑑 𝑐
3
12𝑚
+ 𝐼𝑏 = 514185 cm4
∴ The actual deflection is given by the formula (ℓ) =
𝑤𝑙3
60𝐸 𝐼𝑏𝑐
= 3.3mm
9. But max defection = 𝐿
360⁄ = 27.7mm
∴ Deflection is adequate
The section chosen is adequate to sustain the loads.
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