Clamp or compression coupling

CLAMP OR COMPRESSION COUPLING :
It is also known as split muff coupling. In this case, the muff or sleeve is made into two
halves and are bolted together as shown in Figure.
The halves of the muff are made of cast iron. The shaft ends are made to abutt each other
and a single key is fitted directly in the keyways of both the shafts.
One-half of the muff is fixed from below and the other half is placed from above. Both the
halves are held together by means of mild steel studs or bolts and nuts.
The number of bolts may be two, four or six.
The nuts are recessed into the bodies of the muff castings. This coupling may be used for
heavy duty and moderate speeds.
The advantage of this coupling is that the position of the shafts need not be changed for
assembling or disassembling of the coupling.

 THE USUAL PROPORTIONS :
 Diameter of the muff or sleeve,
 Length of the muff or sleeve,
 In the clamp or compression coupling, the power is transmitted from one
shaft to the other by means of :
key and the friction between the muff and shaft.

DESIGNING THIS TYPE OF COUPLING :
The following procedure may be adopted.
1. Design of muff and key:
The muff and key are designed in the similar way as discussed in muff coupling
2. Design of clamping bolts
We know that the force exerted by each bolt
Force exerted by the bolts on each side of the shaft

Let
P be the pressure on the shaft and the muff surface due to the force,
Then for uniform pressure distribution over the surface,
Frictional force between each shaft and muff:
Solving , we get:

The torque that can be transmitted by the coupling:
From this relation,
the root diameter of the bolt (db) may be evaluated.
NOTE: The value of μ may be taken as 0.3.

 A coupling having two separate cast iron flanges
 Each flange is mounted on the shaft end and keyed to it.
Flange Coupling :

The flange couplings are of the following three types :
FLANGE COUPLING TYPES :
1. Unprotected type flange coupling
2. Protected type flange coupling.
3. Marine type flange coupling

1. UNPROTECTED TYPE FLANGE COUPLING:
 In an unprotected type flange coupling, as shown in Fig.
 Each shaft is keyed to the boss of a flange with a counter sunk key
 and the flanges are coupled together by means of bolts.
 Generally, three, four or six bolts are used.

2. PROTECTED TYPE FLANGE COUPLING :
 In a protected type flange coupling, as shown in Fig. 13.13,
 The protruding bolts and nuts are protected by flanges on the two halves of
the coupling, in order to avoid danger to the workman.

3. MARINE TYPE FLANGE COUPLING:
In a marine type flange coupling,
the flanges are forged integral with the shafts as shown in Fig.
The flanges are held together by means of tapered headless bolts, numbering
from four to twelve depending upon the diameter of shaft.

1. DESIGN FOR HUB
 The hub is designed by considering it as a hollow shaft, transmitting
the same torque (T) as that of a hollow shaft.
 Therefore from the above relation,
the induced shearing stress in the hub may be checked.
 The outer diameter of hub is usually taken as twice the diameter of shaft.
 The length of hub (L) is taken as 1.5 d.

2. DESIGN FOR KEY
 The material of key is usually the same as that of shaft.
The length of key is taken equal to the length of hub.
 The key is designed with usual proportions and then checked for
shearing and crushing stresses.

3. DESIGN FOR FLANGE
 The flange at the junction of the hub is under shear while transmitting the torque.
Therefore, the torque transmitted,
 The thickness of flange is usually
taken as half the diameter of shaft.
 Therefore from the above relation,
the induced shearing stress in the
flange may be checked.

4. DESIGN FOR BOLTS
 The bolts are subjected to shear stress due to the torque transmitted.
 The number of bolts (n) depends upon the diameter of shaft.
and the pitch circle diameter of bolts (D1) is taken as 3 d.
We know that
Total load on all the bolts
Toque transmitted,

 From this equation, the diameter of bolt (d1) may be obtained.
 Now the diameter of bolt may be checked in crushing.
 We know that area resisting crushing of all the bolts
 and crushing strength of all the bolts
 From this equation, the induced crushing stress in the bolts may be checked.

Example 13.7
 Design and draw a protective type of cast iron flange coupling for a steel shaft
transmitting 15 kW at 200 r.p.m.
 having an allowable shear stress of 40 MPa.
 The working stress in the bolts should not exceed 30 MPa.
 Assume that the same material is used for shaft and key and that the crushing stress
is twice the value of its shear stress.
 The maximum torque is 25% greater than the full load torque.
 The shear stress for cast iron is 14 MPa.

Solution:
Shaft bolt
Key
The protective type of cast iron flange coupling is designed as discussed in the
coming slides:

1. Design for hub
2. Design for key
3. Design for flange
4. Design for bolts

 The outer diameter of hub is usually taken as twice the diameter of shaft.
 The length of hub (L) is taken as 1.5 d.
1. Design for hub
 First thing we need is the diameter of the shaft:
 For hub we know that:
Putting value in above equation:

The required dimensions will be:
Now we check the induced shear stress for the hub material which is cast iron.
 Considering it as a hollow shaft:
The maximum torque transmitted.
 Since the induced shear stress in the hub is less than the permissible value of 14 MPa,
 therefore the design for hub is safe.

2. Design for key
 Since the crushing stress for the key material is twice its shear stress,
 Therefore a square key may be used.
From Table , we find that for a 50 mm diameter shaft,
The length of key ( l ) is taken equal to the length of hub

Let us now check the induced stresses in the key by considering it
in shearing and crushing
Considering the key in shearing :
We know that the maximum torque
transmitted
Considering the key in crushing:
We know that the maximum torque
transmitted
 Since the induced shear and crushing stresses in key are less than the permissible stresses,
 therefore the design for key is safe.

3. Design for flange
The thickness of the flange ( tf ) is taken as 0.5 d.
Now check the induced shear stress in the flange,
By considering the flange at the junction of the hub in shear.
We know that the maximum torque transmitted
Since the induced shear stress in the flange is less than the permissible value of 14 MPa,
therefore the design for flange is safe.

BUSHED PIN FLEXIBLE COUPLING
 If we use rigid coupling in misalignment it will cause:
excessive bearing reactions
due to which vibrations and wear will occur.
 To overcome this problem flexible couplings are used.

Types of misalignment:
 Deflection of shaft due to lateral forces.
 Error in shaft mounting due to manufacturing
tolerances.
 Use of two separately manufactured units such
as an electric motor and a worm gearbox.
 Thermal expansion of parts.
 Misalignment exists due to the following reasons

 A bushed-pin flexible coupling, as shown in Fig. 1 is a modification of the rigid
type of flange coupling.
 The coupling bolts are known as pins. The rubber or leather bushes are used over
the pins.
 A clearance of 5 mm is left between the face of the two halves of the coupling.
 There is no rigid connection between them and the drive takes place through the
medium of the compressible rubber or leather bushes.
 In designing the bushed-pin flexible coupling, the proportions of the rigid type
flange coupling are modified.

 The main modification is to reduce the bearing pressure on the rubber or leather
bushes and it should not exceed 0.5 N/mm2.
 In order to keep the low bearing pressure, the pitch circle diameter and the pin size
is increased.

Design of the bushed pin flexible coupling:
 In designing the bushed-pin flexible coupling, the proportions of the rigid type
flange coupling are modified.
 The main modification is to reduce the bearing pressure on the rubber or leather
bushes and it should not exceed 0.5 N/mm2.
 In order to keep the low bearing pressure, the pitch circle diameter and the pin size
is increased.

 Power is transmitted by the shear resistance of
the pins.
 As the flange on the input shaft rotates, it exerts
a force P on each rubber bush.
 Resisting forces(Bearing load on each pin ) or on
the rubber bush are shown in fig:
:DESIGN OF BUSHED PIN FLEXIBLE COUPLING:

 Torque transmitted by the coupling,
 Direct shear stress due to pure torsion in the
coupling halves:

 Since the pin and the rubber or leather bush is not rigidly held in the left hand flange,
 Therefore the tangential load (W) at the enlarged portion will exert a bending action
on the pin as shown in Fig. 13.16.
 The bush portion of the pin acts as a cantilever beam of length l.
 Assuming a uniform distribution of the load W along the bush, the maximum
bending moment on the pin,

 Since the pin is subjected to bending and shear stresses,

 Therefore the design must be checked for the
Maximum principal stress
or
Maximum shear stress
 by the following relations :

Note:
After designing the pins and rubber bush, the hub,
key and flange may be designed in the similar way
as discussed for flange coupling.

Example 13.12
 Design a bushed-pin type of flexible coupling.
 To connect a pump shaft to a motor shaft transmitting 32 kW at 960 r.p.m.
 The overall torque is 20 percent more than mean torque.
The material properties are as follows :
(a) The allowable shear and crushing stress for shaft and key material is 40 MPa
and 80 MPa respectively.
(b) The allowable shear stress for cast iron is 15 MPa.
(c) The allowable bearing pressure for rubber bush is 0.8 N/mm2.
(d) The material of the pin is same as that of shaft and key.

The bushed-pin flexible coupling is designed as discussed in the
Comming slides :
DATA:

The number of bolts for 40 mm diameter shaft are 3.
1. Design for pins and rubber bush:

Clamp or compression coupling

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Clamp or compression coupling