Wood is a hard, fibrous material found in trees and woody plants. It has been used for thousands of years for construction and fuel. There are two main types - hardwoods from deciduous trees and softwoods from coniferous trees. Common hardwoods include oak, maple, mahogany and teak which are used for furniture, flooring and construction. Softwoods like pine, fir and cedar are lighter and more porous, used for framing, millwork and paneling. Wood is seasoned to remove moisture and prevent problems when used in construction. Methods include air, solar and microwave seasoning.
This document provides information on various wood panel products including plywood, particle board, MDF, and HDF. It defines each product, describes their manufacturing processes, common sizes and thicknesses, applications and advantages/disadvantages. Plywood is made of thin wood veneers bonded together, making it strong but susceptible to water damage if unprotected. Particle board is made from wood waste and resin and is cheaper and more uniform than wood but less attractive. MDF is very dense and uniform as it is made from wood fibers and resin under high heat and pressure.
This document discusses veneers and laminates. It defines veneer as a thin decorative wood covering that can be applied to other materials. Veneers are produced through slicing and peeling logs before being graded, joined, and pressed onto sheet materials. Laminates are manufactured by bonding layers of paper soaked in resin under heat and pressure. The document outlines the different types, properties, uses, and manufacturing processes of veneers and laminates.
Engineered timber products are manufactured from cross-laminated sheets of veneer bonded under heat and pressure. There are different types of plywood for various purposes, such as regular grade for temporary use, and marine grade for prolonged water exposure. Specialty plywood includes flexible plywood that can be rolled, and fire retardant (FR) grade for fire safety. Plywood comes in various thicknesses and sizes. MDF and particle boards are manufactured from wood fibers or particles mixed with glue and pressed. MDF is isotropic while particle boards are weaker and more sensitive to moisture. Block boards are made of wood blocks for applications like shelves and furniture. Veneer is thin wood sliced for covering panels, while laminates
Veneer, laminate, cement fiber board, and mineral fiber board are common construction and material options. Veneer is thin slices of wood glued to panels, available in raw, paper, or phenolic backed varieties. Laminates are bonded paper layers creating durable, decorative sheets. Cement fiber board uses cement, fibers, and cellulose for durability and moisture resistance. Mineral fiber board uses mineral wool and other materials for strength and noise reduction. Each has advantages for different applications like furniture, walls, or ceilings depending on thickness and properties.
Hardwood and softwood are the two main types of wood. Hardwood is more durable and resistant to rot and weather, so it can be used for floors, walls, and ceilings. Softwood is lighter and more flexible but similar in strength; it is commonly used for floors, furniture, and doors. Wood undergoes seasoning to remove sap and water. There are several by-products made from leftover wood including plywood, chipboard, MDF board, and HDF board which are manufactured through compression and gluing of wood fibers, particles, or veneers. These by-products provide wood-like properties at a lower cost than solid wood.
This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
Description of various types of partition and their method of installation with their pros and cons.
Types of adhesives with their detailed description.
This document provides information on various wood panel products including plywood, particle board, MDF, and HDF. It defines each product, describes their manufacturing processes, common sizes and thicknesses, applications and advantages/disadvantages. Plywood is made of thin wood veneers bonded together, making it strong but susceptible to water damage if unprotected. Particle board is made from wood waste and resin and is cheaper and more uniform than wood but less attractive. MDF is very dense and uniform as it is made from wood fibers and resin under high heat and pressure.
This document discusses veneers and laminates. It defines veneer as a thin decorative wood covering that can be applied to other materials. Veneers are produced through slicing and peeling logs before being graded, joined, and pressed onto sheet materials. Laminates are manufactured by bonding layers of paper soaked in resin under heat and pressure. The document outlines the different types, properties, uses, and manufacturing processes of veneers and laminates.
Engineered timber products are manufactured from cross-laminated sheets of veneer bonded under heat and pressure. There are different types of plywood for various purposes, such as regular grade for temporary use, and marine grade for prolonged water exposure. Specialty plywood includes flexible plywood that can be rolled, and fire retardant (FR) grade for fire safety. Plywood comes in various thicknesses and sizes. MDF and particle boards are manufactured from wood fibers or particles mixed with glue and pressed. MDF is isotropic while particle boards are weaker and more sensitive to moisture. Block boards are made of wood blocks for applications like shelves and furniture. Veneer is thin wood sliced for covering panels, while laminates
Veneer, laminate, cement fiber board, and mineral fiber board are common construction and material options. Veneer is thin slices of wood glued to panels, available in raw, paper, or phenolic backed varieties. Laminates are bonded paper layers creating durable, decorative sheets. Cement fiber board uses cement, fibers, and cellulose for durability and moisture resistance. Mineral fiber board uses mineral wool and other materials for strength and noise reduction. Each has advantages for different applications like furniture, walls, or ceilings depending on thickness and properties.
Hardwood and softwood are the two main types of wood. Hardwood is more durable and resistant to rot and weather, so it can be used for floors, walls, and ceilings. Softwood is lighter and more flexible but similar in strength; it is commonly used for floors, furniture, and doors. Wood undergoes seasoning to remove sap and water. There are several by-products made from leftover wood including plywood, chipboard, MDF board, and HDF board which are manufactured through compression and gluing of wood fibers, particles, or veneers. These by-products provide wood-like properties at a lower cost than solid wood.
This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
Description of various types of partition and their method of installation with their pros and cons.
Types of adhesives with their detailed description.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
Natural Stone Application for InteriorsHolly Smith
This document provides an overview of natural stone applications for interiors. It discusses various types of natural stone such as travertine, limestone, marble, granite and others. It covers the formation, characteristics and common applications of each stone type. Additional sections describe stone production, cuts and finishes, construction considerations, maintenance and installation examples. The goal is to educate on selecting and specifying natural stone for different interior design projects.
Flooring refers to any material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Common flooring materials include carpet, resilient flooring (e.g. vinyl, linoleum), wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and seamless chemical coatings. The choice of flooring material depends on factors like cost, durability, noise insulation, comfort, and maintenance requirements. A subfloor provides structural support for the flooring material and may be finished without additional covering. Common flooring types discussed include carpet, wood, resilient, ceramic tile, marble, brick, glass, rubber, and stone flooring.
This document discusses various materials used for interior finishes such as flooring, window dressings, and wall finishes. It provides details on different types of floor coverings including soft floor coverings like carpet, linoleum, vinyl and cork as well as hard floorings like wood, laminates, ceramic tiles and natural stones. It also describes types of window dressings including plantations shutters, curtains, roller shades, sheers and roman shades. Finally, it lists various wall finish options such as plastering, cladding, motifs, fabric, gypsum, paneling, murals and wallpapers.
Interior finishes include materials used on floors, walls, and ceilings that provide aesthetic qualities and protection. Finishes influence the look and feel of a space and include options like gypsum wallboard, wood flooring, carpet, ceiling tiles, and trim. Proper specification of materials and workmanship is important to achieve the desired quality.
The document provides information about plywood and MDF. It defines plywood as a manufactured wood panel made of thin layers of wood bonded together. There are two main types of plywood: commercial plywood and waterproof plywood. The document also defines MDF as an engineered wood product made of softwood fibers bonded under heat and pressure. The two main types of MDF are commercial MDF and waterproof MDF. The document then describes the manufacturing processes for both plywood and MDF.
Types of materials using to make furnitures interior design VI sem 2017Diwakar kushwaha
This document discusses materials used for furniture. The four primary materials are wood, metal, plastics, and glass. Wood is still the most common material and includes solid wood, plywood, veneers, and man-made wood. Metals such as steel, aluminum and alloys are used for frames, legs and hardware. Plastics include laminates, synthetic fibers and molded parts. Glass is used for tables, windows and acrylics that can be colored and bent. Each material has different characteristics that make it suitable for various furniture applications.
This document provides an overview of various interior materials and surfaces used in construction. It discusses natural materials like stone, wood, glass and metals as well as synthetic materials like plastics, fabrics and composites. For wood, it describes different types like hardwood, softwood and wood products. It elaborates on properties and applications of materials like plywood, particle board, laminates, melamine coated wood and cork. The document also discusses characteristics and uses of different metals like iron, steel, aluminum, copper and zinc. It provides details on glass types including float glass, laminated glass, toughened glass and stained glass. Lastly, it touches upon stone materials like granite, marble, slate and limestone.
1. The document discusses different types of decorative surface materials like laminates, veneers, plywood and their manufacturing processes.
2. It explains the types of laminates based on manufacturing process and surface finish. The main types are low pressure, high pressure, matte finish, glossy finish, textured finish and digital laminates.
3. Veneers are thin wood sheets used for decorative purposes. The manufacturing process of veneers involves slicing logs, grading, trimming and joining. Common types are oak, teak, walnut and birch veneers.
4. Plywood is made of layers of wood pressed together with grains oriented perpendicular to each other. The manufacturing
MODERN FURNITUREModern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. Post-World War - II ideals of cutting excess, comodification, and practicality of materials in design heavily influenced the aesthetic of the furniture.
There was an opposition to the decorative arts, which included Art Nouveau, Neoclassical and Victorain Styles.
This shift from decorative to minimalist principles of design can be attributed to the introduction of new technology, changes in philosophy, and the influences of the principles of architecture
As Philip Johnson, the founder of the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art articulates
FAMOUS ARCHITECT’S
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
Ieoh Ming Pei
ART NOUVEAU
Is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts , that was most popular between 1890 and 1910
A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers.
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various
furniture use , materials , market survey in indiaAahuti Prajapati
The document provides information on various types of furniture, materials used, and their applications. It discusses the different uses of furniture in residential, commercial, street, and hospital settings. It also details the main raw materials used like plywood, wood, laminates, and their specifications. Common finishes applied to furniture like laminates, veneers, and hardware items are also outlined. Specific types of street furniture and hospital furniture are described along with the materials typically used for them.
This document provides information on different types of wooden flooring. It discusses laminated, engineered, and solid wooden flooring. Laminated flooring is made of compressed fiberboard covered with a photo of wood, while engineered flooring uses two or more layers of wood. Solid flooring uses a single piece of wood. The document also covers installation methods like tongue-and-groove, click systems, and floating installations. Regular maintenance of wooden floors primarily involves sweeping, vacuuming, and using manufacturer-recommended cleaning products.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
Plywood is a manufactured wood panel made of thin layers of wood veneer glued together. It was invented in the 19th century by Immanuel Nobel as a stronger alternative to solid wood. Plywood has face veneers of higher quality wood and core veneers to increase bending resistance. Common dimensions are 1.2m x 2.4m or 4ft x 8ft, with ply thicknesses ranging from 1.4mm to 4.3mm depending on the number of plies. There are several types including softwood, hardwood, tropical, decorative, and marine plywood used for various construction and industrial applications.
Wood finishing refers to embellishing and protecting the surface of wood. There are different types of finishes including evaporative, reactive, and coalescing. Common wood finishes are wax, shellac, polyurethane, tung oil, linseed oil, nitrocellulose lacquer, and alkyd varnish. Each finish has unique properties such as providing gloss, durability, penetrating wood, or leaving character marks.
Steam bending uses water and heat to gently bend thin wood veneers into curves. Vacuum bag pressing applies even pressure to wood veneers either inside or outside of a sealed bag from which air is removed by a pump, allowing it to take on gentle curves or demanding bends. Clamp molding shapes plywood layers by clamping them to a pre-formed mold made of materials like wood, concrete, insulated foam, or CNC-milled shapes.
Timber - Types of Woods, Plywood, Veneer, Laminate, Blockboard with Market Su...Uma Pandey
Presentation for Interior Students. Market survey on Timber (Plywood, Veneer, Laminate etc) with their prices, thickness and Sizes available in the market
Natural Stone Application for InteriorsHolly Smith
This document provides an overview of natural stone applications for interiors. It discusses various types of natural stone such as travertine, limestone, marble, granite and others. It covers the formation, characteristics and common applications of each stone type. Additional sections describe stone production, cuts and finishes, construction considerations, maintenance and installation examples. The goal is to educate on selecting and specifying natural stone for different interior design projects.
Flooring refers to any material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Common flooring materials include carpet, resilient flooring (e.g. vinyl, linoleum), wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and seamless chemical coatings. The choice of flooring material depends on factors like cost, durability, noise insulation, comfort, and maintenance requirements. A subfloor provides structural support for the flooring material and may be finished without additional covering. Common flooring types discussed include carpet, wood, resilient, ceramic tile, marble, brick, glass, rubber, and stone flooring.
This document discusses various materials used for interior finishes such as flooring, window dressings, and wall finishes. It provides details on different types of floor coverings including soft floor coverings like carpet, linoleum, vinyl and cork as well as hard floorings like wood, laminates, ceramic tiles and natural stones. It also describes types of window dressings including plantations shutters, curtains, roller shades, sheers and roman shades. Finally, it lists various wall finish options such as plastering, cladding, motifs, fabric, gypsum, paneling, murals and wallpapers.
Interior finishes include materials used on floors, walls, and ceilings that provide aesthetic qualities and protection. Finishes influence the look and feel of a space and include options like gypsum wallboard, wood flooring, carpet, ceiling tiles, and trim. Proper specification of materials and workmanship is important to achieve the desired quality.
The document provides information about plywood and MDF. It defines plywood as a manufactured wood panel made of thin layers of wood bonded together. There are two main types of plywood: commercial plywood and waterproof plywood. The document also defines MDF as an engineered wood product made of softwood fibers bonded under heat and pressure. The two main types of MDF are commercial MDF and waterproof MDF. The document then describes the manufacturing processes for both plywood and MDF.
Types of materials using to make furnitures interior design VI sem 2017Diwakar kushwaha
This document discusses materials used for furniture. The four primary materials are wood, metal, plastics, and glass. Wood is still the most common material and includes solid wood, plywood, veneers, and man-made wood. Metals such as steel, aluminum and alloys are used for frames, legs and hardware. Plastics include laminates, synthetic fibers and molded parts. Glass is used for tables, windows and acrylics that can be colored and bent. Each material has different characteristics that make it suitable for various furniture applications.
This document provides an overview of various interior materials and surfaces used in construction. It discusses natural materials like stone, wood, glass and metals as well as synthetic materials like plastics, fabrics and composites. For wood, it describes different types like hardwood, softwood and wood products. It elaborates on properties and applications of materials like plywood, particle board, laminates, melamine coated wood and cork. The document also discusses characteristics and uses of different metals like iron, steel, aluminum, copper and zinc. It provides details on glass types including float glass, laminated glass, toughened glass and stained glass. Lastly, it touches upon stone materials like granite, marble, slate and limestone.
1. The document discusses different types of decorative surface materials like laminates, veneers, plywood and their manufacturing processes.
2. It explains the types of laminates based on manufacturing process and surface finish. The main types are low pressure, high pressure, matte finish, glossy finish, textured finish and digital laminates.
3. Veneers are thin wood sheets used for decorative purposes. The manufacturing process of veneers involves slicing logs, grading, trimming and joining. Common types are oak, teak, walnut and birch veneers.
4. Plywood is made of layers of wood pressed together with grains oriented perpendicular to each other. The manufacturing
MODERN FURNITUREModern furniture refers to furniture produced from the late 19th century through the present that is influenced by modernism. Post-World War - II ideals of cutting excess, comodification, and practicality of materials in design heavily influenced the aesthetic of the furniture.
There was an opposition to the decorative arts, which included Art Nouveau, Neoclassical and Victorain Styles.
This shift from decorative to minimalist principles of design can be attributed to the introduction of new technology, changes in philosophy, and the influences of the principles of architecture
As Philip Johnson, the founder of the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art articulates
FAMOUS ARCHITECT’S
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
Ieoh Ming Pei
ART NOUVEAU
Is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts , that was most popular between 1890 and 1910
A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers.
WOOD - As a Material
types - hard wood, soft wood, description, manufactured boards, joining methods, adhesives used, types of adhesives, types of hardware, screws used, types of nails, joints, all the joinery sketches, knock down fittings and everything about wood.
False ceilings, also known as dropped ceilings or suspended ceilings, were initially developed in the 14th century in Japan for aesthetic purposes. They later became popular in modern construction as a way to conceal wiring, ductwork, and other building elements above the ceiling. There are various types of false ceilings depending on the material used, such as wood, gypsum, thermocol, or PVC. False ceilings provide benefits like reducing room height, cooling rooms, and allowing for decorative lighting features. However, they also have disadvantages like reduced headroom, concealing functional building elements, and making maintenance and repairs more difficult. Common false ceiling installation methods involve setting up a framework to support ceiling tiles or panels made of various
furniture use , materials , market survey in indiaAahuti Prajapati
The document provides information on various types of furniture, materials used, and their applications. It discusses the different uses of furniture in residential, commercial, street, and hospital settings. It also details the main raw materials used like plywood, wood, laminates, and their specifications. Common finishes applied to furniture like laminates, veneers, and hardware items are also outlined. Specific types of street furniture and hospital furniture are described along with the materials typically used for them.
This document provides information on different types of wooden flooring. It discusses laminated, engineered, and solid wooden flooring. Laminated flooring is made of compressed fiberboard covered with a photo of wood, while engineered flooring uses two or more layers of wood. Solid flooring uses a single piece of wood. The document also covers installation methods like tongue-and-groove, click systems, and floating installations. Regular maintenance of wooden floors primarily involves sweeping, vacuuming, and using manufacturer-recommended cleaning products.
This document provides an overview of false ceilings, including their introduction, purposes, types, materials, and installation. It discusses how false ceilings can improve aesthetics, hide ducting and wires, provide insulation and acoustic improvements. The types of false ceilings covered include suspended/exposed grid, concealed grid, metal, gypsum board, fiberboard, POP, and plywood. Installation photos of concealed and exposed grid ceilings are also presented. Rates and common material suppliers are listed.
Plywood is a manufactured wood panel made of thin layers of wood veneer glued together. It was invented in the 19th century by Immanuel Nobel as a stronger alternative to solid wood. Plywood has face veneers of higher quality wood and core veneers to increase bending resistance. Common dimensions are 1.2m x 2.4m or 4ft x 8ft, with ply thicknesses ranging from 1.4mm to 4.3mm depending on the number of plies. There are several types including softwood, hardwood, tropical, decorative, and marine plywood used for various construction and industrial applications.
Wood finishing refers to embellishing and protecting the surface of wood. There are different types of finishes including evaporative, reactive, and coalescing. Common wood finishes are wax, shellac, polyurethane, tung oil, linseed oil, nitrocellulose lacquer, and alkyd varnish. Each finish has unique properties such as providing gloss, durability, penetrating wood, or leaving character marks.
Steam bending uses water and heat to gently bend thin wood veneers into curves. Vacuum bag pressing applies even pressure to wood veneers either inside or outside of a sealed bag from which air is removed by a pump, allowing it to take on gentle curves or demanding bends. Clamp molding shapes plywood layers by clamping them to a pre-formed mold made of materials like wood, concrete, insulated foam, or CNC-milled shapes.
This is an integrated project between Introduction to Drawing(ITD) ,Introduction to Construction Industry (ICI) and English I module.
In a group of five or six people, we are required to investigate type of drawings from ONE of the profession below:
No Profession (ICI) Types of Drawing (ITD)
1 Architect Architectural Drawings
2 Interior Architect/Interior Designer Interior Architecture Drawings
3 Town Planner/Master Planner Planners Drawings
4 Product Designer (Furniture) Product Design Drawings
5 Quantity Surveyor Quantity Surveying Drawings –what do they refer to
6 Landscape Architect Landscape Architecture Drawings
7 Civil /Structural Engineer Civil/Structural Engineering Drawing
8 Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Mechanical & Electricals Drawings
(1)Introduction to Drawing (ITD) Task (20%)-GROUP
You are to research and investigate the use of the drawings as a means of communication. The data gathered should include types and function of drawings, stages and examples of drawings used to communicate ideas and presentations.
(2)Introduction to Construction Industry (ICI) Task (10%)-GROUP
You are to research and investigate the scope of work handled by them, their responsibilities and tasks at different stages of construction.
(3) English I Task (Oral Presentation)( 25 %)-INDIVIDUAL
Your task is as follow:
Research and deliver an oral presentation on various types of drawings used in different professions. You should demonstrate the ability to deliver an effective presentation by applying the elements of an effective speaker in three main areas namely in verbal skills, nonverbal skills and content.
This document discusses design considerations for forming processes and provides an overview of various forming techniques. It describes how forming involves deforming a workpiece into a desired shape using the material's ability to flow plastically. The main design factors center on choosing a material that allows significant plastic deformation and considering factors like required hot or cold working, available billet sizes, tool complexity, draft angles, surface finish and tolerances. It then explains various forming processes like forging, extrusion, deep drawing, spinning, vacuum forming and others.
This presentation contains
Introduction, Advantages & Disadvantages, Process of manufacturing, Evaluation and defects in Blister, strip & ALU ALU Packaging. Useful for pharmacy students to understand the concept of blister & strip packaging
Wood is a versatile material that has been used for centuries for construction, tools, furniture and more. It comes from both hardwood and softwood trees and its properties vary by species. Wood is composed mainly of cellulose, lignin and other materials. It has properties like strength, insulation and ability to be shaped that make it useful for many applications like flooring, structures, furniture and more. Proper installation methods like tongue-and-groove are important. Wood continues to be an important material today.
The document discusses various types of construction materials including natural wood and engineered wood. It describes natural woods as hardwoods and softwoods providing examples such as oak, maple, mahogany, cherry, pine and cedar. It then discusses engineered woods which are manufactured by binding wood fibers, particles or veneers together under heat and pressure. Examples of engineered woods mentioned are plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particleboard, medium density fiberboard, and high density fiberboard. The document explains their manufacturing processes and characteristics.
This document discusses various types of construction materials, focusing on wood. It describes natural wood, classifying it as hardwood or softwood and providing examples of each with their characteristics and common uses. It then discusses problems with overexploitation of natural wood resources and introduces engineered wood as an alternative, describing types like plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, and high-density fiberboard.
This document discusses various types of construction materials, focusing on wood. It describes natural wood, classifying it as hardwood or softwood and providing examples of each with their characteristics and common uses. It then discusses issues with overexploitation of natural wood resources and introduces engineered wood as an alternative, describing types like plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particleboard, medium-density fiberboard, and high-density fiberboard.
The document discusses various types of construction materials, focusing on natural wood and engineered wood. It describes hardwoods and softwoods, providing examples of common types of wood like oak, maple, pine and cedar. It then discusses how overexploitation of natural wood led to the development of engineered wood products like plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particle board, medium density fiberboard, and high density fiberboard. These composite materials are manufactured by binding wood fibers, particles or veneers together under heat and pressure.
The document discusses various types of construction materials, focusing on natural wood and engineered wood. It describes hardwoods and softwoods, providing examples of common types of wood like oak, maple, pine and cedar. It then discusses how overexploitation of natural wood led to the development of engineered wood products like plywood, blockboard, veneers, laminates, particle board, medium density fiberboard, and high density fiberboard. These composite materials are manufactured by binding wood fibers, particles or veneers together under heat and pressure.
This document discusses various types of timber used in construction. It begins by defining timber and its uses in construction. It then discusses classifications of timber into hardwood and softwood. Specific timber types discussed include bamboo, birch, cedar, cherry, mahogany, oak, and fir. For each timber, its characteristics, advantages and disadvantages for construction are provided.
This document provides information about wood as a building material. It discusses the properties, classification, processing, and defects of wood. It covers the following key points in 3 sentences:
Wood is a versatile building material that is strong, durable, and renewable. It discusses the classification of wood into softwood and hardwood, as well as the processing steps like felling, sawing, seasoning, and manufacturing. The document also covers common defects in wood caused by natural forces like knots and shakes or by insects and fungi.
The document discusses different types of wood, their characteristics, uses, and processing. It defines the differences between wood and timber, and describes softwood and hardwood. It then covers the internal section of wood including the pith, heartwood, sapwood, and growth layers. The rest of the document summarizes different wood-based boards like plywood, blockboard, and MDF. It also discusses veneers, types of veneers, and laminates used in woodwork.
This document provides an overview of wood and trees. It discusses the structure and composition of wood. It also examines the life cycle of trees, tree identification, wood properties, commercial uses of wood, and classifications of trees and wood. The document concludes with sections on interior and exterior wood usage.
divyabalami_presentation onTypes of wood and wood products.pptxDivyaBalani7
This document discusses different types of wood, including softwoods, hardwoods, and engineered wood. Softwoods come from coniferous trees and are commonly used for construction. Hardwoods come from deciduous trees and feature attractive grain patterns. Engineered woods are manufactured composites made from wood waste, such as plywood, OSB, and MDF. Plywood specifically is made of thin wood veneers glued together, with more plies providing more strength for exterior uses.
Furniture can be made from various materials like wood, metal, plastics, and glass. Wood is still the most commonly used material and comes in varieties like solid wood, plywood, veneers, hardboard and particle board. Metals used include steel, aluminum, copper, brass and bronze. Plastics are also widely used in the form of laminates, fibers, and molded parts. Glass is used as hardened or softened panels and in acrylic forms. Proper selection of materials allows furniture to be functional, durable and aesthetically pleasing.
This document provides information about medium density fiberboard (MDF) including its production process, types, and advantages. MDF is made from compressed wood fibers, wax and resin. It is produced by refining wood materials into fibers, adding resin, forming mats, and pressing them at high temperature and pressure. The document describes the MDF production steps and lists its applications for interior uses due to its smooth, affordable and strong qualities.
1) Wood is a natural material that has been used for centuries for structural and furnishing purposes. It comes in various types that are used for different applications based on their properties.
2) Wood can be classified as softwood or hardwood. Softwoods come from coniferous trees while hardwoods come from deciduous trees. Common softwoods include pine, spruce, cedar, fir and hemlock while common hardwoods include teak, rosewood, oak, mahogany, cherry and walnut.
3) In addition to natural wood, engineered wood which is manufactured from wood fibers, sawdust and adhesives is also widely used today for construction, furniture
This document provides information about wood, including its structure, categories, properties, defects, harvesting, and innovative uses. It discusses how wood is made of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. Wood is categorized into hardwoods and softwoods depending on whether they are broad-leaved or needle-leaved trees. The document also outlines the complex journey wood takes from the tree to final applications in homes, furniture and other structures. Finally, it presents interesting facts about wood consumption and the world's most expensive wood, African Blackwood.
This document provides information on various types of wood and timber, including their properties and uses. It discusses the differences between wood and timber, with timber referring to wood that is cut and processed for construction purposes. Several types of industrial timber are described, such as plywood, veneer, laminated timber and fiber boards. The document also outlines common defects in timber like shakes, knots and twists, and methods for preserving timber, including treatments with tar, paint and chemicals. Examples of hardwoods like oak and maple are given along with their properties and applications.
Lumber is observed the most widely used building materials in the United States most especially for residential buildings. The characteristics of lumber have made it suitable for a wide range of applications with few other building materials possessing the environmental benefit of wood. Aside the fact that wood is efficient and durable, the raw materials are planted, felled and processed into engineered and dimensional lumbers for sustainable construction. Lumbers that are produced from trees come in ranges, starting from minimally processed log at a log-home building site to a well processed and engineered lumber that are largely manufactured for various uses in the building construction. The project captures the evolution of lumber as an environmentally sustainable construction material, types of engineering lumber for construction, processing of timber for lumber, the preservation and application in the United States building construction industry.
This document discusses different types of wood, including natural wood and manufactured wood. It describes softwoods like pine, cedar, and cypress that come from coniferous trees. Hardwoods come from broad-leaved trees and include mahogany, teak, and mora. Manufactured woods are made by gluing wood layers or fibers together, such as MDF, plywood, particle board, OSB, and blockboard. These manufactured woods are often used instead of real wood due to their low cost.
This document provides information about timber processing. It discusses the types of trees used for timber production, including conifers and deciduous trees. It then describes the macro and micro structure of trees, including components like the pith, heartwood, and cambium layer. Finally, it outlines the key steps in timber processing, such as felling trees, seasoning, conversion methods like sawing, and preservation to increase durability.
This document provides an overview of timber (wood) used for engineering purposes. It discusses the properties and uses of wood, as well as production processes. Some key points:
- Timber refers to wood used for building and engineering. It is commonly used for structures, bridges, and more.
- Wood is either used in its natural form or in engineered wood products like plywood and laminates.
- Production processes include harvesting, sawing, seasoning, surfacing, and preservation. Various techniques like air drying and kiln drying are used to season wood.
- Wood is an anisotropic material with properties varying by direction. Its strength and stiffness are highest along the grain and lowest perpendicular to it
Similar to CASESTUDY OF WOOD-FURNITURE DESIGN (20)
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CLAY: Natural rock or soil which is fine grained and contain silica , alumina , organic matter.
Types : Earthenware , Stoneware, Porcelain.
CLAYBODY : Consist of different materials like silica , clay , fluxes , grog.
Types : Earthenware , Stoneware , Porcelain.
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MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
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2. INTRODUCTION TO WOOD
WHAT IS WOOD..?
• Wood is a hard, fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of
trees and other woody plants.
• It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a
construction material.
• In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to
grow large or to stand up by themselves.
3. • It also mediates the transfer of water and nutrients to the leaves
and other growing tissues.
• Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable
properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or
fibber.
• The earth contains about one trillion tonnes of wood, which grows
at a rate of 10 billion tonnes per year.
• Woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of
renewable energy.
• In 1991, approximately 3.5 billion cubic meters of wood were
harvested.
• Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.
4. • Wood is a heterogeneous, hygroscopic, cellular and anisotropic
material.
• It is composed of cells, and the cell walls are composed of micro-
fibrils of cellulose (40%-50%) and hemicelluloses (15%-25%)
impregnated with lignin (15%-30%).
• The structure of hardwood is more complex. the water conducting
capability is mostly taken care of by vessels.
5.
6. SEASONING
• It is a process of removing moisture content from wood .
• It is done to minimize structural problems when used in
construction or to provide less smoke and more uniform
combustion when used as firewood.
• Cutting of wood is done first .
• Then , it is vaccumed in room and is steamed.
• Then it is left for 1 week.
• Then it is dried.
• If we require natural seasoned wood then it requires 2-3 yrs.
7. TYPES OF SEASONING
• Air Seasoning
• Solar Kiln Seasoning.
• Microwave seasoning.
8. AIR SEASONING
• The traditional method for drying wood , air seasoning is also the
longest , taking six to nine months .
• To air season wood , stack logs or planks outside on pallets in
such a manner that air can circulate vertically and horizontally
through the timbers.
• The raised pallets protect wood from vegetation and damp
ground.
• Plank and log ends are often wrapped or sealed to prevent
excessive moisture loss through these areas.
• Protect the drying wood from the elements with an overhead
canoy.
9. SOLAR KILN SEASONING
• This method combines the speed of seasoning with the low energy of air
drying .
• Solar kilns have single-thickness windows on south side of the structure that
works as collectors to trap the sun’s energy.
• Heat collectors , made from black metal are attached near the top of the
window sashes .
• Various method force the heated air to circulate through the kiln to dry the
wood .
• Some solar kilns have insulation to retain heat at night .
• This process takes approximately twice as long as traditional kiln seasoning.
• Because of its gentle nature , it is well suited to producing wood for furniture
fabrications.
10. MICROWAVE SEASONING
• It uses energy directed into timbers that drive out moisture from
wood.
• This method provides advantages such as high speed and high
quality and is well suited for seasoning lumber , blocks , veneer ,
chips , paper and wood based composite material.
• Areas in the wood with moisture absorb the most energy
resulting in even temprature during the drying process and a
uniform moisture content .
• This factors enhance quality and reduce timber checking and
warping.
11. CALCULATION OF WOOD
• For eg: If the length of door is 210 cm , 90 cm width and 5 cm
depth.
• We have to convert all cms to inches.
• 85 * 36 * 2 = 6048
• Then it is to be divided by 6048/144 = 4.2
• Then if we take burma teak 6000 rs cubic / ft then 6000 * 4.2 =
25200 rs .
• Is wages is 750 rs * 7 ft * 3 ft = 15750 rs
• Then total cost is 25200 + 15750 =40950 rs.
12. USES OF WOOD
• FUEL
• MAIN ARTICLW : WOOD FUEL:-
• Wood has a long hiostory used as fuel, which continues to this
day, mostly in rural area of the world.
• Hardwood is prefered over softwood because it creates less
smoke and burns longer.
• Adding a wood stove or fireplace to a home is often felt to add
ambiance and warmth.
•
13. CONSTRUCTION
• Wood has been an important construction material since human shelter,
houses and boats. Nearly all boats were made of wood until the late 19th
century and reamain in common days today also in boat construction.
• Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in north
america. In medievial europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood
construction , including9beams , walls , doors and floors.
• Today may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as aesthetic
materials.
• Today a wider variety of woods is used : solid wood doors are often made from
popular, small knotted pine and douglas fir.
• The building made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting
material especially in roof construction in interior doors and their frames and
as exterior cladding .
• Wood is also commonly used as shuttering material to form the mould into
which concrete is poured during reinforced concrete construction.
14. STAINING
• A wood stain consists of a colorant suspended or dissolved in a
vehicle or solvent. The suspension agent can be water , alcohol ,
petroleum distillate, or the actual finishing agent .
• Two types of colorant are used pigments and dyes.
• Dyes are microscopic crystals that dissolve in the vehicle and
pigments are suspended in vehicle and are much larger.
• Dyes will color very fine grained wood, like cherry or maple ,
which pigments contains a binder to help attach themselves to
the wood.
• Dyes are translucent and pigments are opaque.
15. FURNITURE AND UTENSILS
• Wood has always been used extensively for furniture , such as chairs and beds . Also for tools handles
and cutlery such as chopsticks , toothpicks , and other utensils like the wooden spoon.
• IN THE ARTS
• These products include glued laminated timber , wood structural panels (including plywood , oriented
strand board and composite panels ) laminated veneer lumber (LVL)and other structural composite
lumber (SCL) products , parallel strand lumber , and I joists.
• Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was consumed for this purpose in 1991.
• The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood.
• Wood unsuitable for construction in its native from may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or
chip or chemically into cellulose ) and used as a raw material for other building material such as
engineered wood, as well as chipboard , hardboard,, and medium density fiberboard (MDF)
• Such wood derivatives are widely used : wood fibers are an important component of most paper and
cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic material.
Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring eg. Laminate flooring.
16. SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT
• Many types of sports equipments are made from wood.
• Baseball bats re made of ash wood , hickory and in recent year is
made from maple.
• Many other types of sports and recreation equipments such as
skies , ice hockey sticks , archery bows were made of wood in
past but have been replaced by modern materials like
aluminium , titanium , etc.
18. HARDWOOD
• WHAT IS HARDWOOD..?
• It comes from deciduous trees.
• These tress are also known as the broad leaf trees and leaves of
these trees fall in autumn and new once appear in spring season.
• The wood for engineering purpose is mostly derived from
deciduous trees.
• These trees yellow hardwoods which are usually closed grained,
strong, heavy, dark coloured, durable and non resinous.
• Examples: Oak, Walnut, Teak, Mahogany, Maple.
19. HARDWOOD
• OAK
• MAPLE
• MAHOGANY
• TEAK
• ROSEWOOD
• CHERRY
• WALNUT
• VALSADI SAG
• GHANA TEAK
• BURMA TEAK
20. OAK
• Oak is most widely used hardwood.
• There are 60 species of wood which can be separated in white
and red.
• Variety is also known as black oak.
•PROPERTIES:
• It is heavy , strong , light coloured hardwood.
• It is porous.
• Prominent ring and large pores gives it a course texture and
prominent grain.
21. • USES:
• Used to craft american and english country designs.
• Also to make expensive indoor and outdoor furniture.
• PRICE : 2400 RS / CUBIC FT.
22. MAPLE
• There are 175 species from which only 5 species are commerciall
used which grow in U.S.
• Out of five two are hardwood maple and sugar maple.
• PROPERTIES:
• It is so hard and resistant to shocks that it is used for alley
bowling floors.
• Its diffuse evenly sized pores give the wood a finetexture and
even grain.
• Maple that has curly grains are used for violin back.
23. • Bird’s eye figure in maple is the result of stunted growth and is quite
rare.
• COLOUR:
• Light tan to brown hardwood .
• Sapwood is creamy white to gray.
• USES:
• Flooring , paneling ,barrels , bucket tools , handles etc.
• PRICE:
• 1500 RS CUBIC / FT.
24. MAHOGANY
• It is also known as honduras mahogany.
• It is a tropical hardwood indigenous to south america ,central america
and africa.
• There are many different grades and species sold under this name
which varies in quality and price.
• This mahogany comes from caribbean is thought to be the hardest ,
strongest and best quality.
• Philippine mahogany has a similar color , but is not really mahogany
at all.
• It is a much less valuable wood,being less strong , not as durable or as
beautiful when finished.
25. PROPERTIES
• Strong , uniform pore structure and poorly defined annual rings.
• It has a reddish brown color and display stripe, ribbon, broken stripe ,
rope , ripple , mottele fiddleback or blister figures.
• It is an excellent carving wood and finishes well.
• USES :
• Modern furniture , bedroom furniture , office furniture , etc.
• PRICE :
• 1450 RS / CUBIC FT.
26. TEAK
• True teak comes from Southeast Asia , but similar species comes
from Africa , Burma , Thailand.
• PROPERTIES:
• Heartwood is brownish red in colour.
• There are dark patches on it.
• Strange scent in newly cut wood.
• USES:
• Used for making furniture , boat decks , indoor flooring , doors ,
house windows, etc .
• PRICE : 6000 RS CUBIC / FT.
27. ROSEWOOD
• PROPERTIES:
• Very hard and dark reddish brown color.
• Fragrant and closed grained .
• Hard to work with and require high polish .
• USES :
• Musical instruments , piano cases , tool handles , art projects , veneers
and furniture.
• PRICE :
• 940 RS / CUBIC FT.
28. CHERRY
• Grow in eastern half of U.S .
• Sometimes called fruitwood.
• Used to describe a light brown finish on other woods.
• PROPERTIES :
• Moderately hard , strong , close grain , light to red brown wood .
• It resist warping .
• Ease to carve and polish.
29. • USES:
• Cherry veneers are used in variety of styles.
• Used to make colonial and french provincial designs.
• PRICE :
• 7 $ CUBIC/FT Approx.
30. WALNUT
• Most versatile and cabinet making woods .
• Grows in America , Europe and Asia .
• It has many different varities.
• PROPERTIES :
• Strong , hard and durable , without being excessively heavy.
• Light to dark brown chocolate in color with straight grain in
trunk.
• Wavy grains is present towards root .
31. • USES :
• Al type of fine cabinet work.
• PRICE:
• 2700 RS / CUBIC FT.
32. GHANA TEAK
• It has same weight as saalwood.
• Its colour is reddish white.
• Price:- RS1500 CUBIC/FT.
33. SOFT WOOD
• What is soft wood ?
• It comes from coniferous tree.
• These trees are also known as evergreen trees and leaves of
these trees do not falll till new ones are grownn.
• As these trees bear cone-shaped fruits, they are given name
coniferous.
• These trees yield softwoods which gnerally is of light colour ,
resinous , light in weight and weak.
• They show distinct annual rings.
35. PINE
• It is a soft wood which grows in most areas of the northen
hemisphere.
• There are more than 100 species worldwide.
• PROPERTIES
• Pine is a soft , white or pale yellow wood which is light in weight
, straight grained and lacks figure.
• It resists shrinking and swelling .
• Knotty pine is oftenly used for decorative effect.
36. USES
• Paints and all finishes are used on this wood.
• Exterior millwork , furniture,molding,panelling,carvings,turning and
pattern making.
• COLOUR
• Sapwood is yellowish white to cream colour, heartwood is reddish
brown to creamy tan.
• PRICE :
750 RS CUBIC/FT.
37. ASH
• There are 16 species of ash which grow in the eastern united states .
• White ash is the largest and most commercial wood.
• PROPERTIES
• It is hard, heavy and porous wood.
• It has a prominent grain that resembles oak, and a white to light
brown colour.
• Ash can be differentiated from hickory which also resembles,by white
dots in the darker summerwood which can be seen with the naked eye.
• Ash burls have a twisted interwoven figure.
38. USES
• Ash is widely used for structural frames and steam bent
furniture pieces.
• It is often less expensive as compared to hardwoods.
• PRICE
• 300$ - 500$ CUBIC METRE.
39. HICKORY
• There are 15 species of hickory in the eastern united states ,
eight of which are commercially important.
• PROPERTIES
• It is one of the hardest and heaviest wood available.
• Pecan is a species of hickory sometimes used in furniture.
• It has close grain without much figure.
40. USES:
• It is used for the structural parts, especially where strength and
thinnes are required.
• Decorative hickory veneers are also commonly used.
• PRICE
• $1.65 CUBIC METRE for 2’ – 5’.
41. BEECH
• The American beech is a single species which grows in the
eastern half of the united states.
• PROPERTIES:
• It is hard , strong ,heavywood with tiny pores and large
conspicuous medullary rays, similar in appearance to maple.
• This is relatively inexpensive wood has reddish brown heartwood
and light sapwood.
42. USES:
• Beech is often used for frames and variety of bend and turn parts.
• Quarter sliced and half round cut beech veneer are commonly used .
• It is also used in chair parts ,furniture, flooring , toys etc.
• COLOUR:
• Pink to reddish brown heartwood and sapwood is creamy pink
• PRICE – 1800 RS CUBIC/FT.
43. CEDAR
• COLOUR – Mostly red heart wood , thin whitish sapwood.
• USES :
• Cedar chest , closet , furniture etc.
• PRICE
• 6 X 6 X 8’ = $ 31.20 CUBIC MT.
44. REDWOOD
• Indigenous to the pacific united states , redwood tree grows to more
than 300 ft tall and 2500 years old.
• PROPERTIES:
• The best quality redwood comes from the heartwood which is resistant
to deterioration due to sunlight , moisture and insect.
• It is used to craft outdoor furniture and decorative carvings.
• PRICE
• 2 X 6 “ = 6.49 $ /SQ FT.
45. HEMLOCK:
• Light in weight and uniformly textured.
• It is used in construction , planks , door , boards , paneling , sub flooring etc .
• PRICE
• Length upto 16’ = $1.03.
• FIR :
• Works easy and finishes well.
• Uniform in texture and non resinous.
• Has low resistance to decay.
• Used in furniture , doors , frames, windows, plywood, veneer , general milwork and interior trim.
• PRICE:
• 2” x 3” x 96” = 2.17 $ / each.
46. SPRUCE
• Strong and hard.
• Finishes well and has low resistance to decay . Has moderate
shrinkage and light in weight.
• Used for masts and spars for ships.
• PRICE
• 5 $ – 18 $ / SQ MT.
47. SAAL WOOD
• It is stronger than pine wood .
• Used as joints in door.
• It is yellowish white.
• It is available in kutch.
• Its density is high.
• Its price is Rs.1300 RS CUBIC/FT.
48. CASE STUDY
Marsova sal -1.Origin - Malasiya and south Africa.
2.Application – Construction field.
3.Types of wood – Hardwood.
4. Rate – 1050 RS CUBIC / FT.
Mernty Sal – 1. Origin – Malasiya and South Africa.
2. Application – Building and construction field.
3. Types of wood – Hardwood.
4. Rate – 1000 RS CUBIC / FT.
49. Kaastha wood– 1 . Origin – Surat .
2. Application – Furniture field and articial
wood .
3. Types of wood – Hardwood.
4. Rate – 2500 RS CUBIC / FT.
It is artficial wood . The wood is made by same
manufactured as ply.
The layers of wood are glued together and pressurised.
Red mernty – 1. Origin – Malasiya and South Africa.
2. Application – building and construction field.
3. Types of wood – Hardwood.
4. Rate – 1100 RS CUBIC / FT.
50. Sycamore – 1.Origin – Europe.
2.Application – Furniture field and veneers.
3.Type of wood – Decorative wood.
4. Rate – 1850 RS CUBIC /FT.
Steam beach – 1.Origin – Europe .
2.Application – Furniture field and veneers.
3.Type of wood – Decorative wood.
4. Rate – 1300 RS CUBIC /FT.
51. White Beach - 1. Origin – Europe.
2. Application – Furniture field and veneers.
3. Types of wood – Hardwood.
4. Rate – 1350 RS CUBIC / FT.
Sapeli - 1.Origin – South Africa / Europe.
2.Application – Furniture field and veneers.
3. Types of wood – Decorative wood.
4.Rate – 1850 RS CUBIC/ FT.