This document summarizes and compares different technologies for automated meter reading systems. It begins by introducing automated meter reading and the benefits it provides over traditional meter reading. It then describes the different types of energy meters and the technologies used in automated meter reading systems, including GSM, ZigBee, and power line communication. For each technology, it discusses aspects like operating distance, data rates, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, it provides an overview of the typical hardware components in an automated meter, including signal acquisition, conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, computation and communication modules.
This document discusses prepaid energy meters. It begins by defining an energy meter and a prepaid energy meter. It then explains the components of a prepaid energy meter, including an EEPROM IC, AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD display, ULN2003 driver, and AT2402 chip. The document outlines how these components work together to allow customers to pay for electricity upfront via a prepaid card system, monitor their usage, receive low balance alerts, and have their power automatically disconnected if credit runs out. Prepaid energy meters provide benefits to both utilities and consumers like budgeting, reduced overhead and billing hassles, and load control.
The document provides an overview of smart grids and their development. It discusses:
1) How today's power grids originated in the late 19th/early 20th century as local grids that grew over time and interconnected for reliability. By the 1960s, grids in developed nations were large, mature networks delivering power from thousands of central power plants.
2) The definition of a smart grid as a digitally enabled electrical grid that gathers, distributes, and acts on information from all participants to improve efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of electricity services.
3) Some key components of smart grids including intelligent appliances, smart meters, smart substations, super conducting cables, integrated communications networks, and phasor measurement units
Automatic meter reading (AMR) technology automatically collects utility meter data and transfers it to utility providers. AMR was first developed in the 1970s and allows near real-time meter readings to replace estimated billing. It provides benefits like more accurate billing and easier detection of tampering or leaks but also risks increased monitoring and reduced privacy. Common AMR methods include touch pads, radio frequency networks, mobile drives, and satellite transmitters.
This document describes a smart energy meter that uses a GSM module to send electricity consumption data via SMS. The meter uses an AD7751 IC to measure real power consumption based on current and voltage inputs. An AVR microcontroller then processes this data and calculates energy used. It can send meter readings, billing information, and load details to the user's mobile phone upon request via a missed call to provide real-time monitoring. The smart meter allows for accurate and automated energy monitoring and billing compared to traditional meters.
The document describes a project report on three phase fault analysis with auto reset. It includes a block diagram of the project, descriptions of the hardware components used including transformers, voltage regulators, 555 timers, and relays. It also includes schematic and layout diagrams and details on testing the hardware. The system is designed to automatically disconnect the three phase power supply in the event of a fault, with the supply automatically resetting for temporary faults but remaining tripped for permanent faults.
This project presentation discusses the design of an automatic power factor correction system. The system uses a microcontroller to measure the power factor and control relays that switch capacitor banks in and out of the circuit to maintain a set power factor. When the measured power factor deviates from the set point, the microcontroller activates a relay connecting additional capacitors in parallel to improve the power factor. The system provides an economical way to automatically correct power factor using static capacitors.
An energy meter measures the amount of electrical energy consumed over time using kilowatt-hours. There are two main types: electro-mechanical and electronic. Electro-mechanical meters use a rotating disc to measure usage, but have errors, while electronic meters use digital circuits for more accurate and tamper-resistant readings. Future meters will have remote reading capabilities and allow time-of-day pricing to encourage off-peak usage. Meters are tested using specialized equipment and procedures to check for accuracy and compliance. Tampering methods can be detected by modern meters' sensors and digital components.
Now in day to day life we have seen that every thing is in digitilized form so this this presentation is ol about the evolution of meter into automatic meter with many technologies.
Its quiet intresting topic and very vast topic too.
This document discusses prepaid energy meters. It begins by defining an energy meter and a prepaid energy meter. It then explains the components of a prepaid energy meter, including an EEPROM IC, AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD display, ULN2003 driver, and AT2402 chip. The document outlines how these components work together to allow customers to pay for electricity upfront via a prepaid card system, monitor their usage, receive low balance alerts, and have their power automatically disconnected if credit runs out. Prepaid energy meters provide benefits to both utilities and consumers like budgeting, reduced overhead and billing hassles, and load control.
The document provides an overview of smart grids and their development. It discusses:
1) How today's power grids originated in the late 19th/early 20th century as local grids that grew over time and interconnected for reliability. By the 1960s, grids in developed nations were large, mature networks delivering power from thousands of central power plants.
2) The definition of a smart grid as a digitally enabled electrical grid that gathers, distributes, and acts on information from all participants to improve efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of electricity services.
3) Some key components of smart grids including intelligent appliances, smart meters, smart substations, super conducting cables, integrated communications networks, and phasor measurement units
Automatic meter reading (AMR) technology automatically collects utility meter data and transfers it to utility providers. AMR was first developed in the 1970s and allows near real-time meter readings to replace estimated billing. It provides benefits like more accurate billing and easier detection of tampering or leaks but also risks increased monitoring and reduced privacy. Common AMR methods include touch pads, radio frequency networks, mobile drives, and satellite transmitters.
This document describes a smart energy meter that uses a GSM module to send electricity consumption data via SMS. The meter uses an AD7751 IC to measure real power consumption based on current and voltage inputs. An AVR microcontroller then processes this data and calculates energy used. It can send meter readings, billing information, and load details to the user's mobile phone upon request via a missed call to provide real-time monitoring. The smart meter allows for accurate and automated energy monitoring and billing compared to traditional meters.
The document describes a project report on three phase fault analysis with auto reset. It includes a block diagram of the project, descriptions of the hardware components used including transformers, voltage regulators, 555 timers, and relays. It also includes schematic and layout diagrams and details on testing the hardware. The system is designed to automatically disconnect the three phase power supply in the event of a fault, with the supply automatically resetting for temporary faults but remaining tripped for permanent faults.
This project presentation discusses the design of an automatic power factor correction system. The system uses a microcontroller to measure the power factor and control relays that switch capacitor banks in and out of the circuit to maintain a set power factor. When the measured power factor deviates from the set point, the microcontroller activates a relay connecting additional capacitors in parallel to improve the power factor. The system provides an economical way to automatically correct power factor using static capacitors.
An energy meter measures the amount of electrical energy consumed over time using kilowatt-hours. There are two main types: electro-mechanical and electronic. Electro-mechanical meters use a rotating disc to measure usage, but have errors, while electronic meters use digital circuits for more accurate and tamper-resistant readings. Future meters will have remote reading capabilities and allow time-of-day pricing to encourage off-peak usage. Meters are tested using specialized equipment and procedures to check for accuracy and compliance. Tampering methods can be detected by modern meters' sensors and digital components.
Now in day to day life we have seen that every thing is in digitilized form so this this presentation is ol about the evolution of meter into automatic meter with many technologies.
Its quiet intresting topic and very vast topic too.
The document discusses energy meters and how they work. It provides information on:
1) The basic components and operating principles of induction-type energy meters, including how they measure power consumption over time using a rotating aluminum disc.
2) The history of electricity meters dating back to 1872, and how modern watthour meters developed from early designs.
3) Additional meter types like CT meters, electronic meters, and special purpose meters like prepaid and smart meters.
4) Key aspects of energy metering like accuracy classes, maximum demand calculation, and advanced metering functionality.
The document discusses Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) systems. It describes AMR as the remote collection of meter data from customer premises via communication links. The presentation covers how AMR systems work using components like the encoder-receiver-transmitter, meter interface unit, data concentrator unit and host central station. Benefits of AMR include reduced costs, improved customer service, and better detection of leaks or theft. The document provides an overview of AMR system architecture and its advantages over conventional meter reading.
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
This document proposes a microcontroller-based wireless power theft monitoring system. The system uses wireless sensor nodes connected to consumers, transformers, and transmission lines to monitor power usage. If differences are detected between measured and reported usage, it could indicate power theft. The system aims to reduce energy wastage and theft by detecting where illegal usage occurs and notifying authorities. Some limitations are an inability to identify exact theft locations or individuals, and potential challenges implementing on a large scale.
The document discusses smart meters and the smart grid. It defines the electric grid and how smart grids modernize it using communication technologies. Smart meters are two-way communicating electric meters that provide more detailed energy usage data to utilities in real-time. They are different than conventional meters by being bi-directional and able to connect to home networks and the smart grid. The benefits of smart meters include more accurate billing, outage detection, load management capabilities, and energy savings.
Seminar presentation on Smart Energy Metersudhanshurj
The document discusses smart energy meters, which allow for two-way communication between the energy meter and the utility provider. Smart meters consist of components like a digital energy meter, current and voltage sensors, a microcontroller, and a communication module. This enables remote and automatic meter reading as well as providing consumers with insights into their energy usage to encourage savings. Smart meters help reduce power theft, improve regulation, and allow more accurate billing compared to traditional electro-mechanical meters.
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...Vikram Rawani
The project was aimed to prevent failures due to some faults which can be temporary or permanent in 3-phase power supply .
The purpose of our project was to develop an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase supply system. The project output resets automatically after a brief interruption in the event temporary fault while it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent fault.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Standards and protocolEklavya Sharma
AMI stands for Advanced Metering Infrastructure. It consists of smart meters installed at consumer locations, fixed communication networks between utilities and consumers, and meter data management systems. AMI enables two-way communication between utilities and consumers to allow for complex pricing plans, demand response programs, and remote load control. Standards are important for ensuring interoperability between the different components that make up AMI systems.
This document discusses automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. AMR allows meter readings to be collected remotely via telecommunication links rather than manual readings. Two common communication methods are powerline carrier communication (PLCC) and GSM. PLCC uses existing power lines to transmit data while GSM utilizes mobile networks. The document describes traditional electromechanical meters and advantages of automated digital meters. It also provides an overview of how AMR systems work including the use of encoder-receiver-transmitters connected to meters and data concentrator units that collect readings over PLCC. AMR allows more accurate billing and monitoring while reducing costs compared to manual meter reading.
The document discusses automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. It begins with an introduction to traditional meter reading and the benefits of AMR. It then describes the components of an AMR system including the consumer side unit, server side unit, and communication systems. The document explains how AMR systems work and their advantages such as improved accuracy, remote reading capabilities, and reduced costs. It also notes some disadvantages like installation expenses. Overall, the document provides an overview of AMR systems, their design and operation, and benefits over traditional meter reading.
presentation on POWER THEFT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMGaurav Shukla
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on a microcontroller-based power theft identification system. It introduces power theft as the illegal use of electrical power without paying the supplier. It then describes two common ways that power theft occurs: slowing down electricity meters with magnets, and inverting meters to make them count backwards. The proposed system architecture integrates a wireless network with the electrical grid to monitor multiple points using data aggregation algorithms. A microcontroller like a PLC would be programmed to detect theft and control the electrical distribution in response.
The document provides an overview of automatic meter reading (AMR) technology. It discusses how AMR allows for remote collection of meter data like electricity, gas, and water usage to improve billing accuracy and provide customers insight into their consumption. The document summarizes different AMR technologies including handheld, mobile, fixed network, and radio frequency systems. It also describes the benefits of AMR for both utility companies and customers in areas like improved customer service and resource management.
Static relays use electronic components like semiconductors instead of mechanical parts to detect faults and operate. They have components like rectifiers to convert AC to DC, level detectors to compare values to thresholds, and amplifiers and output devices to trigger trips. The document discusses the components, types, and applications of various static relays like overcurrent, directional, differential, distance and instantaneous relays used in power system protection.
This document discusses power system protection settings and provides information on calculating protection settings. It covers the functions of protective relays and equipment protection, the required information for setting calculations such as line parameters and fault studies, and the process of calculating, checking, and implementing protection settings. The goal is to set protections to operate dependably, securely, and selectively during faults while meeting clearance time requirements.
This document discusses using PLCs for automatic meter reading and detecting power theft. It proposes installing a secondary digital energy meter chip that records energy usage and compares it to the main meter. If a difference is detected, an error signal would be sent over the PLC network. The system would help detect illegal electricity usage like tampering with meters or bypassing them. PLC provides an economical way to transmit meter data and detect theft while minimizing distribution losses.
This document describes automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. It discusses the evolution of metering systems from electro-mechanical to current digital solid state to next generation smart meters. It outlines the primary components of an AMR system including meter interface modules, communication systems, and central office equipment. Common communication systems are GSM-based and power line carrier communication. The document lists benefits of AMR systems for electric companies like accurate network information and customers like precise consumption data and faster outage recovery.
Smart meters are advanced electric meters that allow two-way communication between the utility and customers. They provide benefits like more accurate billing, outage detection, and potential cost savings through time-based pricing programs. However, some are concerned about the health effects of the radiofrequency radiation emitted by smart meters and their mesh networks. Opponents argue that smart meters increase overall radiation exposure and fossil fuel usage compared to traditional analog meters. The World Health Organization has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans based on some evidence of increased cancer risk from cell phone use.
ppt of Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and tri...Vikram Rawani
it's the final ppt which we have made for the project hope you will like it and make use most of it. it will definitely help you guys .
all the best (Y) :)
BPSK Modulation and Demodulation with Power Line Carrier Communication and GS...IAES-IJPEDS
GSM/GPRS and PLC communication are used for Automatic Meter Reading
(AMR) applications. These AMR systems have made substantial progress
over the recent years in terms of functionality, scalability, performance
and openness such that they can perform remote metering applications for
very demanding and complex systems. By using BPSK (Binary Phase Shift
Keying) modulation with Power Line Carrier Communication, Smart
Metering can be done in Rural Smart Micro-grids. The design
and Simulation of BPSK Modulation and Demodulation are successfully
done by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The advantages of using BPSK
modulation over the QPSK modulation and the advantages of PLC
Communication over the GSM Communication is identified in this paper.
Abstract: This paper is focused on the description of the possible benefits for the electric utilities and residential customers from the Automatic meter reading system usage. Major benefits of the AMR, mentioned in this paper are power quality monitoring, distribution network management, theft detection and so on. The paper also gives the idea about the reliability indices, communication topologies, AT&C losses concept in distribution system, present and last situations of the AMR integration in power utilities.
The document discusses energy meters and how they work. It provides information on:
1) The basic components and operating principles of induction-type energy meters, including how they measure power consumption over time using a rotating aluminum disc.
2) The history of electricity meters dating back to 1872, and how modern watthour meters developed from early designs.
3) Additional meter types like CT meters, electronic meters, and special purpose meters like prepaid and smart meters.
4) Key aspects of energy metering like accuracy classes, maximum demand calculation, and advanced metering functionality.
The document discusses Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) systems. It describes AMR as the remote collection of meter data from customer premises via communication links. The presentation covers how AMR systems work using components like the encoder-receiver-transmitter, meter interface unit, data concentrator unit and host central station. Benefits of AMR include reduced costs, improved customer service, and better detection of leaks or theft. The document provides an overview of AMR system architecture and its advantages over conventional meter reading.
with the help of web based power quality monitoring system we can control and manage the data flow of electrical quantity and control the improve the quality of the power system in grid
This document proposes a microcontroller-based wireless power theft monitoring system. The system uses wireless sensor nodes connected to consumers, transformers, and transmission lines to monitor power usage. If differences are detected between measured and reported usage, it could indicate power theft. The system aims to reduce energy wastage and theft by detecting where illegal usage occurs and notifying authorities. Some limitations are an inability to identify exact theft locations or individuals, and potential challenges implementing on a large scale.
The document discusses smart meters and the smart grid. It defines the electric grid and how smart grids modernize it using communication technologies. Smart meters are two-way communicating electric meters that provide more detailed energy usage data to utilities in real-time. They are different than conventional meters by being bi-directional and able to connect to home networks and the smart grid. The benefits of smart meters include more accurate billing, outage detection, load management capabilities, and energy savings.
Seminar presentation on Smart Energy Metersudhanshurj
The document discusses smart energy meters, which allow for two-way communication between the energy meter and the utility provider. Smart meters consist of components like a digital energy meter, current and voltage sensors, a microcontroller, and a communication module. This enables remote and automatic meter reading as well as providing consumers with insights into their energy usage to encourage savings. Smart meters help reduce power theft, improve regulation, and allow more accurate billing compared to traditional electro-mechanical meters.
three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for p...Vikram Rawani
The project was aimed to prevent failures due to some faults which can be temporary or permanent in 3-phase power supply .
The purpose of our project was to develop an automatic tripping mechanism for the three phase supply system. The project output resets automatically after a brief interruption in the event temporary fault while it remains in tripped condition in case of permanent fault.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Standards and protocolEklavya Sharma
AMI stands for Advanced Metering Infrastructure. It consists of smart meters installed at consumer locations, fixed communication networks between utilities and consumers, and meter data management systems. AMI enables two-way communication between utilities and consumers to allow for complex pricing plans, demand response programs, and remote load control. Standards are important for ensuring interoperability between the different components that make up AMI systems.
This document discusses automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. AMR allows meter readings to be collected remotely via telecommunication links rather than manual readings. Two common communication methods are powerline carrier communication (PLCC) and GSM. PLCC uses existing power lines to transmit data while GSM utilizes mobile networks. The document describes traditional electromechanical meters and advantages of automated digital meters. It also provides an overview of how AMR systems work including the use of encoder-receiver-transmitters connected to meters and data concentrator units that collect readings over PLCC. AMR allows more accurate billing and monitoring while reducing costs compared to manual meter reading.
The document discusses automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. It begins with an introduction to traditional meter reading and the benefits of AMR. It then describes the components of an AMR system including the consumer side unit, server side unit, and communication systems. The document explains how AMR systems work and their advantages such as improved accuracy, remote reading capabilities, and reduced costs. It also notes some disadvantages like installation expenses. Overall, the document provides an overview of AMR systems, their design and operation, and benefits over traditional meter reading.
presentation on POWER THEFT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMGaurav Shukla
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on a microcontroller-based power theft identification system. It introduces power theft as the illegal use of electrical power without paying the supplier. It then describes two common ways that power theft occurs: slowing down electricity meters with magnets, and inverting meters to make them count backwards. The proposed system architecture integrates a wireless network with the electrical grid to monitor multiple points using data aggregation algorithms. A microcontroller like a PLC would be programmed to detect theft and control the electrical distribution in response.
The document provides an overview of automatic meter reading (AMR) technology. It discusses how AMR allows for remote collection of meter data like electricity, gas, and water usage to improve billing accuracy and provide customers insight into their consumption. The document summarizes different AMR technologies including handheld, mobile, fixed network, and radio frequency systems. It also describes the benefits of AMR for both utility companies and customers in areas like improved customer service and resource management.
Static relays use electronic components like semiconductors instead of mechanical parts to detect faults and operate. They have components like rectifiers to convert AC to DC, level detectors to compare values to thresholds, and amplifiers and output devices to trigger trips. The document discusses the components, types, and applications of various static relays like overcurrent, directional, differential, distance and instantaneous relays used in power system protection.
This document discusses power system protection settings and provides information on calculating protection settings. It covers the functions of protective relays and equipment protection, the required information for setting calculations such as line parameters and fault studies, and the process of calculating, checking, and implementing protection settings. The goal is to set protections to operate dependably, securely, and selectively during faults while meeting clearance time requirements.
This document discusses using PLCs for automatic meter reading and detecting power theft. It proposes installing a secondary digital energy meter chip that records energy usage and compares it to the main meter. If a difference is detected, an error signal would be sent over the PLC network. The system would help detect illegal electricity usage like tampering with meters or bypassing them. PLC provides an economical way to transmit meter data and detect theft while minimizing distribution losses.
This document describes automatic meter reading (AMR) systems. It discusses the evolution of metering systems from electro-mechanical to current digital solid state to next generation smart meters. It outlines the primary components of an AMR system including meter interface modules, communication systems, and central office equipment. Common communication systems are GSM-based and power line carrier communication. The document lists benefits of AMR systems for electric companies like accurate network information and customers like precise consumption data and faster outage recovery.
Smart meters are advanced electric meters that allow two-way communication between the utility and customers. They provide benefits like more accurate billing, outage detection, and potential cost savings through time-based pricing programs. However, some are concerned about the health effects of the radiofrequency radiation emitted by smart meters and their mesh networks. Opponents argue that smart meters increase overall radiation exposure and fossil fuel usage compared to traditional analog meters. The World Health Organization has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans based on some evidence of increased cancer risk from cell phone use.
ppt of Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and tri...Vikram Rawani
it's the final ppt which we have made for the project hope you will like it and make use most of it. it will definitely help you guys .
all the best (Y) :)
BPSK Modulation and Demodulation with Power Line Carrier Communication and GS...IAES-IJPEDS
GSM/GPRS and PLC communication are used for Automatic Meter Reading
(AMR) applications. These AMR systems have made substantial progress
over the recent years in terms of functionality, scalability, performance
and openness such that they can perform remote metering applications for
very demanding and complex systems. By using BPSK (Binary Phase Shift
Keying) modulation with Power Line Carrier Communication, Smart
Metering can be done in Rural Smart Micro-grids. The design
and Simulation of BPSK Modulation and Demodulation are successfully
done by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The advantages of using BPSK
modulation over the QPSK modulation and the advantages of PLC
Communication over the GSM Communication is identified in this paper.
Abstract: This paper is focused on the description of the possible benefits for the electric utilities and residential customers from the Automatic meter reading system usage. Major benefits of the AMR, mentioned in this paper are power quality monitoring, distribution network management, theft detection and so on. The paper also gives the idea about the reliability indices, communication topologies, AT&C losses concept in distribution system, present and last situations of the AMR integration in power utilities.
This document provides an overview and introduction to a proposed smart and intelligent GSM-based automatic meter reading and control system. It discusses the background of GSM networks and their adoption worldwide. It then describes an automatic meter reading system that can collect meter readings without site visits using technologies like GSM, and outlines the advantages this system provides over conventional methods. Finally, it presents the proposed system architecture and methodology for implementing a GSM-based automatic meter reading and control system.
Advanced Metering Infrastructure Standards and protocolEklavya Sharma
This document provides an overview of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) protocols, standards, and initiatives. It discusses what AMI is, the key technologies that comprise an AMI system including smart meters, communications infrastructure, home area networks, meter data management systems, and operational gateways. It also outlines various AMI communication and technology options. The document reviews relevant initiatives, policies, and standards related to the deployment and regulation of AMI systems.
Automated Meter reading systems are a invaluable technological advancement that can lead to
a better standard of living, owing to the fact that metering has become a part and parcel of our
mundane lives.
It solves many issues of the traditional meter reading system like need for human resources, lack
of efficiency and accuracy in meter reading, delayed work, unavailability of customer during
metering visit by employee, etc. Moreover it is more economical and helps to save energy in a
more efficient and effective way. Furthermore it has a very notable advantage of having the
ability to predict the energy demands of the future, starting from every household to the entire
planet.
Automated meter reading systems have been implemented using many different technologies
like GSM, ZigBee, PLC, D-SCADA, WiMAX and Hybrid Technologies that comprises of a mixture
of the above.
This seminar paper describes the working models, strengths and weaknesses of each technology
by considering various factors like feasibility, cost, reliability, efficiency, and maintenance and
user experience. This paper not only explains the existing Energy Metering systems but also
provides an abstract view of developing the most optimal Automated Meter Reading system.
This document summarizes a research paper on a GSM-based power meter reading and control system. The system uses GSM technology to remotely read electricity meter readings and send the readings to users and the electricity department via SMS. It also allows remote control of power to appliances to reduce unnecessary power consumption. The system takes meter readings daily and sends them to the electricity billing system to generate accurate monthly bills without human errors. The hardware and software designs are presented along with block diagrams of the meter-side and server-side systems. The research aims to automate energy billing and enable remote power monitoring and control.
1) Traditional electromechanical meters have issues like drift over time and temperature that digital smart meters improve on. Smart meters allow for automated and remote reading to improve efficiency.
2) Advanced Metering Infrastructure involves integrating smart meters, communication networks, and data management systems to allow two-way communication between utilities and customers. This enables features like time-of-use pricing and remote service disconnects.
3) Key components of AMI include smart meters, wide area communication networks, home area networks connected to devices, and meter data management systems to aggregate and analyze usage data.
The document describes the development of a Wireless Automatic Meter Reading System (WAMRS) in Oman. Key aspects include:
1) WAMRS allows for non-intrusive and wireless collection of electricity consumption data from customer premises via a premises unit that transmits to central points and a billing office server.
2) The premises unit utilizes a digital meter, microcontroller, wireless transmitter chip, and memory to periodically transmit consumption data.
3) Central points receive data from premises units and retransmit over longer distances to the billing office server and database.
4) The system authenticates devices and transmissions using a three-way handshake protocol and random number table for security.
Smart Grid technicalDraw neat diagram for equivalent circuit of transformer.pravingauda84
The document provides an overview of smart grids, including:
1) Smart grids use digital technology and communication to make the electric grid more efficient, reliable, and able to integrate renewable energy sources.
2) Key components of a smart grid include smart meters, sensors, communication networks, and data management systems to provide two-way communication between utilities and consumers.
3) Potential benefits of smart grids include reduced costs, fewer power outages, lower emissions, and giving consumers more control over their energy usage.
1) The document discusses a GSM based power meter reading and control system that uses GSM technology to remotely read electricity meters and control home appliances.
2) Current manual meter reading is time-consuming and prone to errors. The proposed system sends daily meter readings via SMS to both users and the electricity department to generate accurate bills.
3) It also allows remote control of appliances to reduce unnecessary power consumption and save energy by monitoring power usage and controlling loads that exceed predefined limits.
1. The document discusses a GSM based power meter reading and control system that uses GSM technology to remotely read electricity meters and control home appliances.
2. Current manual meter reading is time-consuming and prone to errors. The proposed system sends daily meter readings via SMS to users and the electricity department to generate accurate bills.
3. It also allows remote monitoring and control of appliances to reduce unnecessary power consumption by limiting power above a predefined threshold using different techniques for different load types.
This document describes a two-way communication based centralized metering system that allows automatic monitoring and control of electricity, water, and gas usage. Key features include:
- Smart meters that can transmit real-time usage data via GSM networks to a central system for monitoring and billing.
- The system provides benefits to both customers and utilities by giving customers more information to reduce usage and helping utilities reduce costs through remote meter reading and disconnection.
- The proposed system uses ARM7 and GSM technology to remotely read meters, send bills via SMS, disconnect service if bills are unpaid, and allow customers to check usage via SMS, removing the need for physical meter readings.
1) This document discusses several research papers related to continuous data acquisition algorithms for smart grids using cloud-based technologies and smart meters.
2) It summarizes papers on cloud-based smart metering systems that use standardized communication between smart meters and servers stored in the cloud to optimize energy consumption. Another paper proposes a data collection algorithm that uses energy maps and clustering to reduce energy consumption and increase network lifetime.
3) A third paper discusses utilities using satellites to remotely collect meter data in real-time for accuracy. A final paper presents an algorithm for smart building power consumption scheduling that uses smart meters and dynamic pricing to incentivize shifting usage to low-cost time periods.
This document describes a proposed system for an automatic energy meter reading system using an ARM7 microcontroller and GSM technology. The system would automatically send meter readings and load information daily to the electricity provider via SMS. It would also allow the provider to remotely control load disconnection if payment is not made. This would make the meter reading process more efficient and accurate compared to manual readings, while also preventing electricity theft.
IRJET-Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document describes a simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid system. It involves designing a Zigbee-based smart power meter that can read power consumption and communicate data wirelessly to a utility server. The smart meter implementation uses an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power usage and transmit consumption details via Zigbee modules. The simulation is done using Embedded C in Proteus along with a CCS compiler. Key aspects covered include the system design, Zigbee technology, tarang communication modules, the smart meter operation flowchart, components like relays and transformers, and benefits of smart grids and smart metering.
Simulation of Smart Meter Using Proteus software for Smart GridIRJET Journal
This document discusses the simulation of a smart meter using Proteus software for a smart grid. It describes using a Zigbee wireless communication network with an ARM cortex M4 microcontroller to monitor power consumption in a home and transmit that data to a utility server. The smart meter can measure voltage, current, power usage, set a monthly budget, and send billing information via SMS. It aims to automate meter reading and billing to reduce errors and labor costs compared to traditional meters. The document outlines the methodology, including using the microcontroller to transmit power usage data via Zigbee to a receiver unit and utility for monitoring and billing.
The document describes a proposed automatic energy meter reading and billing system using GSM technology. The system would replace manual meter reading by having energy meters transmit readings to a central system via GSM modules. This would allow remote access and monitoring of usage without site visits. The system architecture includes microcontrollers, LCD displays, relays, GSM modules, and other hardware. It would provide benefits like reduced costs, time savings from manual reading, and more accurate billing.
The document provides an introduction and overview of a project that aims to enable remote monitoring and control of domestic energy meters using a microcontroller and GSM modem. This allows electricity departments to remotely obtain meter readings without needing to visit each house, reducing costs and human errors. The system works by having the microcontroller continuously monitor and record energy meter readings in its memory. Upon request, the live reading can be sent via the GSM modem to the electricity department. This provides benefits like improved monitoring of energy consumption patterns.
The document discusses smart grid technology, including its definition, components, benefits, and upcoming technologies. A smart grid uses digital technology and two-way communication to more efficiently deliver electricity from points of generation to consumers. Key components include smart meters that provide consumers with energy usage data, as well as sensing and communication technologies throughout the transmission and distribution systems. A smart grid is expected to improve reliability, accommodate more renewable energy, and empower consumers to better manage their energy usage and costs. However, fully implementing smart grid technology faces challenges around coordination across the large existing electric grid infrastructure.
Similar to AUTOMATIC ENERGY METER READING SYSTEM FOR BILLING PURPOSE (20)
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Sachpazis_Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code and th...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Consolidation Settlement Calculation Program-The Python Code
By Professor Dr. Costas Sachpazis, Civil Engineer & Geologist
This program calculates the consolidation settlement for a foundation based on soil layer properties and foundation data. It allows users to input multiple soil layers and foundation characteristics to determine the total settlement.
Better Builder Magazine brings together premium product manufactures and leading builders to create better differentiated homes and buildings that use less energy, save water and reduce our impact on the environment. The magazine is published four times a year.
Data Communication and Computer Networks Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Networking is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. In
computer networks, networked computing devices pass data to each other along data
connections. Data is transferred in the form of packets. The connections between nodes are
established using either cable media or wireless media.
🔥Independent Call Girls In Pune 💯Call Us 🔝 7014168258 🔝💃Independent Pune Esco...
AUTOMATIC ENERGY METER READING SYSTEM FOR BILLING PURPOSE
1. SUBMITTED BY: MADHURIMA BASU
91/ELE/151016
135-1221-0853-12
DEPARTMENT OFAPPLIED PHYSICS
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA
92.APC ROAD KOLKATA-700 009
2. INTRODUCTION
Automated Meter reading systems are a invaluable technological advancement that can lead to
a better standard of living, owing to the fact that metering has become a part and parcel of our
mundane lives.
It solves many issues of the traditional meter reading system like need for human resources,
lack of efficiency and accuracy in meter reading, delayed work, unavailability of customer
during metering visit by employee, etc. Moreover it is more economical and helps to save
energy in a more efficient and effective way. Furthermore it has a very notable advantage of
having the ability to predict the energy demands of the future, starting from every household to
the entire planet.
Automated meter reading systems have been implemented using many different technologies
like GSM, ZigBee, PLC, D-SCADA, WiMAX and Hybrid Technologies that comprises of a
mixture of the above.
This seminar paper describes the working models, strengths and weaknesses of each
technology by considering various factors like feasibility, cost, reliability, efficiency, and
maintenance and user experience. This paper not only explains the existing Energy Metering
systems but also provides an abstract view of developing the most optimal Automated Meter
Reading system.
3. TYPES OF METERS:
Energy meters or watt hour meters are classified in accordance with several factors such as:
1. Type of display like analog or digital electric meter
2. Type of metering point like grid, secondary transmission line, primary and local distribution.
3. End applications like domestic, commercial and industrial.
4. Technical like three phase, single phase, HT & LT and accuracy and class meters.
These may be single or three phase meters depending on the supply utilized by domestic and
commercial installations. For small service measurements like domestic customers, these can
be directly connected between line and load. But for larger loads (more than about 200 ampere
of load) step down current transformer can be placed to isolate energy meters from higher
currents.
4. TYPES OF METERS CONTINUES:
1.> Electromechanical Induction
Type Energy Meter:
2.> Electronic Energy Meters:
• It consists of rotating aluminum disc mounted on
a spindle between two electromagnets.
• Speed of rotation is proportional to the power and
this power is integrated by the use of counter
mechanism and gear trains.
• It comprises of two silicon steel laminated
electromagnets i.e. series and shunt magnets.
• They are easy to tamper, leading to a requirement
of an electrical energy monitoring system.
• These are very commonly used in domestic and
industrial applications.
These are of accurate, high precision and reliable
types of measuring instruments as compared to
conventional mechanical meters.
Consumes less power and starts measuring
instantaneously when connected to the load.
These meters might be analog or digital.
In analog meters, power is converted proportional
to frequency or pulse rate and it is integrated by
counters placed inside it.
In digital electric meters power is directly
measured by high end processors. The power is
integrated by logic circuits to get the energy and
also for testing and calibration purpose. It is then
converted to frequency and pulse rate.
Electromechanical Energy Meter
Analog and Digital electronic meters
5. TYPES OF METERS CONTINUES:
3.> Automated energy meter: 4.> Smart energy meter:
Automated energy meter is generally an
electronic energy meter with a
communication module that helps the
meter to communicate directly with the
service provider.
It has a digital signal processor or high
performance microprocessor.
It also has voltage and current transducers
connected to a high resolution ADC.
Real Time Clock (RTC) for real time
energy consumption calculation, maximum
demand calculation and also date and time
stamp for particular parameters.
LCD module for display purpose.
It is an advance technology which involves
placing intelligent meters to read, process
and feedback data to customers.
It measures energy consumptions, remotely
switches the supply to the customers and
remotely controls the maximum electricity
consumptions.
Smart metering system uses the advance
metering technology for better
performance.
Automated Energy Meter Smart Energy Meter
6. AUTOMATIC METER READING SYSTEM
Automatic meter reading (AMR) is the technology
of automatically collecting data from energy
metering devices (water, gas, electricity) and
transferring that data to a central database for
billing and/or analyzing.
AMR brings significant benefits to the customer
by providing increased meter-reading accuracy,
fewer estimated bills, and rapid response to read
request, automatic leak detection and billing
options and provide detailed usage information
about individual metering-sites, which allows the
company to offer variable rates and encourage
price-responsive behavior among customers.
AMR improves operational management by
providing just-in-time meter replacement, tamper
detection, remote access, and automatic scheduling
of meter reading.
In short, AMR will optimize cost savings and
maximize efficiency while providing improved
customer service.
Hence AMR brings ‘intelligence’ into the revenue
cycle.
7. DIFFERENT AMR TECHNOLOGIES:
The main modules that make difference in Automated Meter Reading System are the Automated
Meter Reading Module and the Communication Module. Depending upon the communication
modules different AMR technologies are discussed below:
MODES OF COMMUNICATION IN AMR:
Touch Based Technology-
Radio Frequency Network
1. One way or “Bubble Up”
2. Two way or “Wake Up”
3. Hybrid
Example: Hand held and Mobile meter reading
RF technologies commonly used for AMR are:
1. Narrow Band (single fixed radio frequency)
2. Spread Spectrum (SS)
3. Direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
4. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS)
5. There are also meters using AMR with RF technologies such as cellular phone data system
(GSM/GPRS), Zigbee, Bluetooth, Wavenies and othe
Fixed Network Communication
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
8. AN OVERVIEW OF THE HARDWARE USED IN
AUTOMATIC METERS:
The automatic meter architecture is shown in the figure has been split into five sections: signal
acquisition, signal conditioning, Analog to Digital conversion (ADC), computation and communication.
Signal Acquisition: data obtained from current and voltage sensors.
Signal conditioning: amplification/attenuation, addition/subtraction of data before feeding to ADC
Analog to digital conversion: conversion of analog signal to digital by using successive approximation
method or the sigma-delta method.
Computation: The computation requirements are split into arithmetic operations on input signals, time-
sampling of data, preparation of data for communication with output peripherals, handling of routine
associated with irregular inputs(such as payment, tamper detection), storage of data, system updates and
coordinating different functions.
Communication: wireless communication mediums are WiFi, ZigBee, GSM/GPRS/CDMA Cellular.
wired options include Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), power line carrier communication,
cable modems and Ethernet.
Signal
Acquisition
Signal
Conditioning
Analog to Digital
Conversion (ADC) Computation Communication
9. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MODERN
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR AMR:
GSM Based AMRS:
GSM is a second generation cellular slandered developed to crater voice services and data delivery
using digital modulation.
GSM is a cellular network, which means that cell phones connect to it by searching for cells in the
immediate vicinity.
GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900
MHz or 1800 MHz bands.
The GPRS Core Network is an optional part which allows packet based Internet connections in 2.5G
mobile phone systems.
GSM technology also provides services like SMS (Short Message Service) and GPRS (General
Packet Radio Service) for requesting and retrieving reading from individual houses back to the
energy provider wirelessly.
Cellular technology also utilizes an encryption technique to prevent an outside source from
receiving the transmitted data.
The low cost, simple setup, wide operating distance, less human intervention are some of the other
salient features of this GSM based system.
10. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MODERN
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR AMR:
Zigbee Based AMRS:
ZigBee is a collection of communication
protocols used to build small personal
networks using low power digital radios
and is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard.
The range of an average ZigBee based
device is restricted to 10 - 100 meters and
can be further extended using a mesh
network of ZigBee devices.
ZigBee- low cost, low power consumption,
high data through.
The rate of ZigBee is definite with 250
kbit/s, best suited for intermittent data
transmissions from a sensor or input
device.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Useful for short distance communication.
2. Clustered network is needed for long
distance communication
3. They are extremely limited in resources
including processing, memory, and power
consumption.
4. Technology is compariively new
11. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MODERN
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR AMR:
Power Line Communication (PLC) system operates by
impressing a modulated carrier signal on the wiring
system.
Different types of power line communications use
different frequency bands, depending on the signal
transmission characteristics of the power line used.
Data rates and distance limits vary widely over many
power line communication standards.
PLCC uses existing cables-economically viable means of
transferring Meter reading data to the DCU.
This medium ultimately allows us to both control the
devices remotely and also retrieve data from it in a half
duplex manner.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Power line is a hostile environment which makes the
propagation of signal very difficult.
2. Wave carrier reading system cannot read meters reliably
if there isn’t any relay or anti-attenuation techniques
3. Cannot consistently read the data from the energy
meters.
4. The long term interference on the electric network also
causes the household appliances to over-heat and can
also reduce the efficiency of the energy meter as well.
ARMS using PLCC
12. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT MODERN
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR AMR:
AMRS USING WIMAX TECHNOLOGY:
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access) is a wireless communications standard
designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data
rates.
WiMAX supports mobile, nomadic and fixed wireless
applications.
WiMAX brings with it the ability to transmit over far
greater distances and to handle much more data
compared to ZigBee.
Only connecting the WiMAX module to the energy
meter is enough. In the communication unit WiMAX
transceiver is used for wireless communication between
meter end and the server end because of its wide
coverage area.
In the data receiving and processing unit, meter
reading is collected from the transceiver which is
controlled by another microcontroller.
DISADVANTAGE:
1. Has vulnerabilities to PHY and MAC layers
2. Affected by weather conditions
13. COMPARISON AND CONCLUSION
Mixed Type or Hybrid Type:
Mixed type or hybrid type uses more
than one communication technology to
connect the consumer energy meter to
the utility.
Hybrid type communication system
depends on both fixed and wireless
communication. Hybrid communication
system infrastructure depends mainly on
the available technology of the metering
site, for example- in rural areas, PLC
based communication is preferred more
over wireless communication whereas in
the heavily populated city areas, a
clustered wireless communication
technology will provide better services.
Salient features of the system:
The system uses pre-existing electric lines in for
communication making it more economically viable.
PLCC is best suited for LT 440 V network for detecting
outages, tamper events and performing remote
disconnect.
Communication on HT side can be implemented via a
choice of GSM, CDMA, RF or PSTN.
Utilizing an existing cellular network for data
transportation requires no additional equipment or
software, resulting in a significant savings in both time
and capital.
14. COMPARISON AND CONCLUSION:
Technology
Used Cost Feasibility Reliability Coverage
Communication
Protocol
GSM Low
Most
Feasible High High Stable
ZigBee Medium Small Scale Low Low Least Stable
PLC Low
Least
Feasible Low Very High Very Stable
WiMax Medium Small Scale Medium High Stable
Mixed Varies
Feasible If
GSM is Part
Of It
Varies
High If
GSM Is
Part Of It
Varies
15. ADVANTAGES OF AUTOMATED METER READING
SYSTEM:
Electrical Company Benefit:
Smart automated process instead of manual
work
Accurate information from the network load to
optimize maintenance and investments.
Customize rates and billing dates
Streamlined high bill investments.
Detection of tampering of Meters.
Accurate measurement of transmission losses.
Better network performance and cost efficiency.
Demand and distribution managements.
More intelligence to business planning
Better company credibility
CUSTOMER BENEFITS:
Precise consumption information
Clear and accurate billing
Automatic outage information and faster
recovery
Better and faster customer service
Notify or alert to potential high consumption
before customer gets the bill.
16. ADVANCE METERING INFRASTRUCTURE IN AMR:
Basic Functions of AMI:
AMI system shall support the following
minimum functionalities:
Remote Meter data reading at
configurable intervals (push/pull)
Time of day (TOD)/ TOU metering
Pre paid functionality
Net Metering/Billing
Alarm/Event detection, notification and
reporting
Remote load limiter and
connection/disconnection at defined or on
demand conditions
Remote firmware upgrade
Integration with other existing systems
like IVRS, Billing & collection software,
GIS mapping, consumer indexing, new
connection and disconnection, analysis
software, Outage Management System
etc.
Security features to prevent unauthorized
access to the AMI including Smart meter
& meter data etc. and to ensure
authentication of all AMI elements by a
third party.
• Billing(Prepaid and
Net Billing)
• Metering(TOD/TOU)
• Dispatch and Outage
Management
• Demand
Management
• Customer Service
• Key Accounts
Management and
Firmware Upgrade
• Assets Managements
• Planning,
Engineering and
Operations
• Security for Meter
and Consumer Data
AMI-a metering
system that records
customer
consumption hourly
or more frequently
for that provides for
daily or more
frequent
transmission
measurement over a
communication
network to a central
collection point
• Billing (Monthly-
Prepaid/Postpaid)
• Meter Reading
(Manual/Automatic)
• Manual Reset of Maximum
Demand in Monthly Basis
AMR-system
where an aggregated
kWh usage and in
some cases demand, is
retrieved via an
automatic means
mainly drive-by or
walk-by handheld
system or in some
cases PLC or wireless
communication
system
17. AMI COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Home Area Network:
Communication among devices at close vicinity (HVAC)
Neighborhood Area Network:
The primary is to transfer consumption data from energy
meters. The communication technology used for NAN is
based on the volume of data transfer-generally used is
ZigBee or Wi-Fi.
Data Connector:
Data connecter acts as relay between the smart meters and
the gateway. It manages the meters by automatically
detecting them, creates and optimizes repeating chains, co-
ordinates the bi-directional delivery of data, and monitors
the condition of the meters.
Wide Area Network (WAN):
Wide Area network provides connection between the data
connecter and the gateway to the utility. WAN is generally
made of GSM/GPRS network because of its high
reliability, low cost and pre-installed infrastructure.
Meter Data Management System;
Meter data management system is a database that typically
provides services such as data accusation, validation,
adjustment, storage and calculation in order to provide
refined information for customer services and system
operations such as billing, demand forecasting and demand
response.
18. AUTOMATED METER READING SYSTEM BASED ON
AMI (HYBRID SYSTEM):
Here the Home Area Network is
based on PLC communication.
Neighborhood Area Network is
constructed by radio frequency
communication technology
based on ZigBee mesh
connection.
The Wide Area Network and the
connection to the utility is done
by GSM/GPRS communication
technology.
Hybrid Communication System Using AMI
19. EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY METERING
The most common type of meters used is an
accumulation meter, which records energy
consumption over time. Accumulation meters in
consumer premises are read manually for energy
assessment within a billing period.
Interval meters records energy used over short
intervals, typically every half hour. These allows
the energy suppliers to design tariffs and charging
structures that reflects whole sale prices and helps
the customers understand and manage their pattern
of electricity demand.
Smart meters are even more advanced as they have
two-way communications and provide a real time
display of energy use and pricing information,
dynamic tariffs and facilitate the automatic control
of electrical appliances.
20. METERING TRENDS IN INDIA:
The Indian electricity meters market is highly dynamic.
Government initiative like smart grid mission, integrated power development scheme
(IPDS) and smart city mission.
The products cover in the research service are tariff meters which is further classified into
single phase, three phase, prepaid and smart meters and panel meters trickled down KWH
meters, multifunction meters and Dual source meters.
The government initiatives to achieve 100% metering and reduce AT&C uses, coupled
with energy efficiency measures facilitated by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) has
also opened up opportunities in private, commercial and industrial segment.
A wide product and packages solution portfolio, completive pricing, and extensive market
reach are likely to be the key success factors of the Indian electricity meters market.
Focus on product innovation in smart meters are aligned marketing efforts are expected to
provide a completive advantage to participants.