The document provides an overview of object-oriented systems development. It discusses object-oriented analysis, design, and programming. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It also discusses the unified process, a popular iterative software development process, and its four phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
The document discusses key concepts in object-oriented analysis and design including objects, classes, attributes, operations, relationships, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also provides an overview of the software development life cycle (SDLC) including common process models like waterfall and iterative development. The unified process model is introduced as a iterative approach used in SDLC.
This summary provides an overview of the key concepts discussed in the document:
1. The document discusses various object-oriented analysis and design concepts including use case modeling, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), activity diagrams, associations, aggregation, and composition.
2. It provides descriptions and examples of these concepts, such as defining use cases, actors, and use case diagrams. Activity diagrams are described as showing workflows and processes.
3. The document also discusses UML notation for modeling associations, including binary and ternary associations, and modeling cardinality ratios between associated classes.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design. It discusses traditional software development approaches versus object-oriented approaches. The key aspects of object-oriented development covered include objects, classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Software development life cycle stages like planning, analysis, design, implementation and testing are also summarized. The document compares structured and object-oriented approaches and provides examples of object-oriented programming and design methodologies.
Cs 2352 object oriented analysis and designandrewsasi
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It covers object-oriented systems development methodology, including object basics like classes, objects, attributes, methods, encapsulation, and inheritance. It also discusses the object-oriented systems development life cycle, including activities like object-oriented analysis, design, prototyping, and testing. The unified approach and unified modeling language are presented as standard methodologies for OOAD.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design concepts like refinement, extensibility, and design for reusability. It provides details on different types of extensibility like white-box, black-box, and gray-box extensibility. It also discusses object-oriented database management systems and compares relational databases with object-oriented databases.
1) The document discusses complexity in software systems and the object model approach to managing complexity. Complex software systems have many interrelated parts and long lifespans.
2) The object model approach uses principles like abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy and typing to organize a software system. Classes define common structure and behavior for objects.
3) Objects have state, behavior and identity according to their class. Relationships like aggregation and inheritance define relationships among classes and objects.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
The document discusses key concepts in object-oriented analysis and design including objects, classes, attributes, operations, relationships, inheritance, and polymorphism. It also provides an overview of the software development life cycle (SDLC) including common process models like waterfall and iterative development. The unified process model is introduced as a iterative approach used in SDLC.
This summary provides an overview of the key concepts discussed in the document:
1. The document discusses various object-oriented analysis and design concepts including use case modeling, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), activity diagrams, associations, aggregation, and composition.
2. It provides descriptions and examples of these concepts, such as defining use cases, actors, and use case diagrams. Activity diagrams are described as showing workflows and processes.
3. The document also discusses UML notation for modeling associations, including binary and ternary associations, and modeling cardinality ratios between associated classes.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design. It discusses traditional software development approaches versus object-oriented approaches. The key aspects of object-oriented development covered include objects, classes, inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism. Software development life cycle stages like planning, analysis, design, implementation and testing are also summarized. The document compares structured and object-oriented approaches and provides examples of object-oriented programming and design methodologies.
Cs 2352 object oriented analysis and designandrewsasi
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It covers object-oriented systems development methodology, including object basics like classes, objects, attributes, methods, encapsulation, and inheritance. It also discusses the object-oriented systems development life cycle, including activities like object-oriented analysis, design, prototyping, and testing. The unified approach and unified modeling language are presented as standard methodologies for OOAD.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design concepts like refinement, extensibility, and design for reusability. It provides details on different types of extensibility like white-box, black-box, and gray-box extensibility. It also discusses object-oriented database management systems and compares relational databases with object-oriented databases.
1) The document discusses complexity in software systems and the object model approach to managing complexity. Complex software systems have many interrelated parts and long lifespans.
2) The object model approach uses principles like abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, hierarchy and typing to organize a software system. Classes define common structure and behavior for objects.
3) Objects have state, behavior and identity according to their class. Relationships like aggregation and inheritance define relationships among classes and objects.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) uses visual modeling techniques like the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to analyze and design systems based on interacting objects. UML captures system elements and facilitates specification and visualization. It includes static diagrams for non-changing characteristics and dynamic diagrams for changing behaviors. The goal of OOAD and UML is to integrate analysis and development teams through defined processes and modeling.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes graphical notations for various modeling elements like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines rules and mechanisms like stereotypes and tagged values to extend the language for domain-specific needs. UML models can represent different views of a system like use case, design, process, implementation and deployment views.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It covers what OOAD is, different approaches to system analysis, object-oriented methodologies, the history and definition of UML, UML diagrams and modeling, and characteristics of a UML process. The chapter also includes an example ductwork estimating system case study.
This document contains a chapter from a course manual on Object Oriented Analysis and Design. The chapter discusses the inherent complexity of software systems. It identifies four main reasons for this complexity: 1) the complexity of the problem domain and changing requirements, 2) the difficulty of managing large software development teams, 3) the flexibility enabled by software which can lead to more demanding requirements, and 4) the challenges of characterizing the behavior of discrete systems. Software systems can range from simple to highly complex, depending on factors like purpose, lifespan, number of users, and role in research.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
Object-oriented modeling and design uses objects and classes to model real-world concepts. It promotes better understanding of requirements through analysis, design, and implementation using object-oriented notations and processes. Key characteristics include identity, classification through classes, inheritance for sharing features among classes, and polymorphism where operations behave differently for different classes. Modeling involves creating class, state, and interaction models. Object-oriented themes like abstraction, encapsulation, and inheritance allow for flexibility, reusability, and low maintenance costs.
The document discusses object-oriented design and analysis. It covers key aspects of the design phase including identifying classes, class responsibilities, and relationships between classes. The purposes of the design phase are to gather information for implementation, reduce implementation time and cost, and be the most time-consuming phase. Results of design include text descriptions and diagrams depicting relationships, usage scenarios, and state changes. The document also discusses translating analysis concepts into design, including understanding quality attributes, constraints, and requirements.
This document proposes optimizing service oriented architecture to support e-learning with adaptive and intelligent features. It discusses how adaptive learning refers to technologies that can dynamically recognize the role and profile of each learner and respond accordingly. It also discusses different adaptive learning approaches like macro, micro, and constructivist-collaborative approaches. Intelligent tutoring systems that utilize artificial intelligence techniques are also discussed. The proposal aims to make adaptive and intelligent e-learning features available as standard reusable services via an optimized service oriented architecture to enhance the overall system.
This document outlines the syllabus for the course CS8592 - Object Oriented Analysis and Design (V-Semester). The objectives of the course are to understand object modeling fundamentals, the Unified Process approach, and designing with UML diagrams. The syllabus is divided into 5 units covering topics like the Unified Process, use case modeling, static UML diagrams, dynamic/implementation diagrams, design patterns, and testing. The outcomes are for students to be able to express software design with UML, identify scenarios based on requirements, transform designs into pattern-based designs, and understand various OO testing methodologies.
This document discusses object-oriented concepts and modeling. It begins by listing three textbooks on these topics. It then provides an overview of object-oriented concepts like objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It describes the stages of object-oriented analysis, design and implementation. It discusses the three main models used in object-oriented modeling: class models, state models, and interaction models. Finally, it covers object-oriented themes like abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism and the purposes of modeling.
The document discusses static UML diagrams and provides an example of a class diagram for an ATM system. It begins by defining a class diagram and its key components - classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. It then explains different types of class relationships like inheritance, association, aggregation, and composition. The document concludes by providing a full class diagram example for an ATM system to demonstrate how all the concepts discussed come together in a diagram.
OOAD Part A Question with answer and Part B & C questions.
References :
1) Previous University Questions.
2) Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development by Craig Larman.
3) Google search engine for text and images.
This document is a lecture introduction to object oriented analysis and design (OOA/D) at the University of Education Okara. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course, including applying the Unified Modeling Language (UML), assigning responsibilities to objects, requirements analysis, use cases, the Unified Process (UP) methodology, and the differences between object oriented analysis, design and implementation. The goal is for students to learn skills in analyzing requirements and designing object-oriented systems using standard best practices.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the unified process. It introduces OOAD and the unified process framework, which includes inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases. It also covers the unified modeling language (UML), including use case diagrams, class diagrams, and other diagram types. Specific topics covered include identifying actors and use cases, drawing associations and relationships between actors and use cases, class notation, and an example use case diagram for an alarm clock system.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses key OOAD concepts like iterative development, the Unified Process, UML notation, thinking in terms of objects and their services/responsibilities. It explains the differences between object-oriented analysis, which focuses on identifying domain objects, and object-oriented design, which defines software objects and how they collaborate. The document uses a dice game example to illustrate domain modeling with objects, interaction diagrams to show message flows, and a class diagram to define class attributes and methods.
The document provides an overview of Object Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE). It discusses key OOSE concepts like classes, objects, messages, inheritance, polymorphism, and data abstraction. Examples of real-world applications that use OOSE principles are provided, such as mobile apps, websites, and common software used in various industries. Advantages of OOSE include simplicity, modularity, reusability, and a clear modular structure. Potential weaknesses are larger program size, slower performance, and a steep learning curve for some problems.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It introduces key OOAD concepts like classes, objects, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and associations. It explains that OOAD implements object-oriented analysis to develop an object model of the problem, object-oriented design to develop a model of the solution, and object-oriented programming to develop the model using an OO language. The document also discusses using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for OOAD, with examples of use case diagrams and class diagrams. It provides external readings on OOAD and gives homework questions related to analyzing a class diagram for an elevator system.
Rumbaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is an object-oriented analysis and design methodology. It uses three main modeling approaches: object models, dynamic models, and functional models. The object model defines the structure of objects in the system through class diagrams. The dynamic model describes object behavior over time using state diagrams and event flow diagrams. The functional model represents system processes and data flow using data flow diagrams.
Unit 1( modelling concepts & class modeling)Manoj Reddy
The document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It also discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which provides standard notation for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting models. The document is a lecture on object-oriented concepts for students to understand modeling using classes, objects, and relationships.
Module3 - Object Oriented Analysis & Functional Model.pdfGerard Alba
This document provides an overview of Module 3 which covers object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the functional model. It discusses how OOAD uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to represent different components and interactions of a software system through various diagrams. Specifically, it explains that Module 3 will focus on the functional model, which illustrates system functionality and user interactions, while Modules 4-6 will cover the dynamic and static models. The document also distinguishes between analysis, which understands system requirements, and design, which produces specifications to be implemented.
Object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) uses visual modeling techniques like the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to analyze and design systems based on interacting objects. UML captures system elements and facilitates specification and visualization. It includes static diagrams for non-changing characteristics and dynamic diagrams for changing behaviors. The goal of OOAD and UML is to integrate analysis and development teams through defined processes and modeling.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes graphical notations for various modeling elements like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines rules and mechanisms like stereotypes and tagged values to extend the language for domain-specific needs. UML models can represent different views of a system like use case, design, process, implementation and deployment views.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It covers what OOAD is, different approaches to system analysis, object-oriented methodologies, the history and definition of UML, UML diagrams and modeling, and characteristics of a UML process. The chapter also includes an example ductwork estimating system case study.
This document contains a chapter from a course manual on Object Oriented Analysis and Design. The chapter discusses the inherent complexity of software systems. It identifies four main reasons for this complexity: 1) the complexity of the problem domain and changing requirements, 2) the difficulty of managing large software development teams, 3) the flexibility enabled by software which can lead to more demanding requirements, and 4) the challenges of characterizing the behavior of discrete systems. Software systems can range from simple to highly complex, depending on factors like purpose, lifespan, number of users, and role in research.
This document provides an introduction to object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the basic concepts of OOAD and how UML uses diagrams to model software systems. UML diagrams can be used in all phases of the software development life cycle, including requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The document also gives an overview of the different parts of UML, such as views, diagrams, relationships, and model elements.
Object-oriented modeling and design uses objects and classes to model real-world concepts. It promotes better understanding of requirements through analysis, design, and implementation using object-oriented notations and processes. Key characteristics include identity, classification through classes, inheritance for sharing features among classes, and polymorphism where operations behave differently for different classes. Modeling involves creating class, state, and interaction models. Object-oriented themes like abstraction, encapsulation, and inheritance allow for flexibility, reusability, and low maintenance costs.
The document discusses object-oriented design and analysis. It covers key aspects of the design phase including identifying classes, class responsibilities, and relationships between classes. The purposes of the design phase are to gather information for implementation, reduce implementation time and cost, and be the most time-consuming phase. Results of design include text descriptions and diagrams depicting relationships, usage scenarios, and state changes. The document also discusses translating analysis concepts into design, including understanding quality attributes, constraints, and requirements.
This document proposes optimizing service oriented architecture to support e-learning with adaptive and intelligent features. It discusses how adaptive learning refers to technologies that can dynamically recognize the role and profile of each learner and respond accordingly. It also discusses different adaptive learning approaches like macro, micro, and constructivist-collaborative approaches. Intelligent tutoring systems that utilize artificial intelligence techniques are also discussed. The proposal aims to make adaptive and intelligent e-learning features available as standard reusable services via an optimized service oriented architecture to enhance the overall system.
This document outlines the syllabus for the course CS8592 - Object Oriented Analysis and Design (V-Semester). The objectives of the course are to understand object modeling fundamentals, the Unified Process approach, and designing with UML diagrams. The syllabus is divided into 5 units covering topics like the Unified Process, use case modeling, static UML diagrams, dynamic/implementation diagrams, design patterns, and testing. The outcomes are for students to be able to express software design with UML, identify scenarios based on requirements, transform designs into pattern-based designs, and understand various OO testing methodologies.
This document discusses object-oriented concepts and modeling. It begins by listing three textbooks on these topics. It then provides an overview of object-oriented concepts like objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It describes the stages of object-oriented analysis, design and implementation. It discusses the three main models used in object-oriented modeling: class models, state models, and interaction models. Finally, it covers object-oriented themes like abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism and the purposes of modeling.
The document discusses static UML diagrams and provides an example of a class diagram for an ATM system. It begins by defining a class diagram and its key components - classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. It then explains different types of class relationships like inheritance, association, aggregation, and composition. The document concludes by providing a full class diagram example for an ATM system to demonstrate how all the concepts discussed come together in a diagram.
OOAD Part A Question with answer and Part B & C questions.
References :
1) Previous University Questions.
2) Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and Iterative Development by Craig Larman.
3) Google search engine for text and images.
This document is a lecture introduction to object oriented analysis and design (OOA/D) at the University of Education Okara. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course, including applying the Unified Modeling Language (UML), assigning responsibilities to objects, requirements analysis, use cases, the Unified Process (UP) methodology, and the differences between object oriented analysis, design and implementation. The goal is for students to learn skills in analyzing requirements and designing object-oriented systems using standard best practices.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the unified process. It introduces OOAD and the unified process framework, which includes inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases. It also covers the unified modeling language (UML), including use case diagrams, class diagrams, and other diagram types. Specific topics covered include identifying actors and use cases, drawing associations and relationships between actors and use cases, class notation, and an example use case diagram for an alarm clock system.
The document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It discusses key OOAD concepts like iterative development, the Unified Process, UML notation, thinking in terms of objects and their services/responsibilities. It explains the differences between object-oriented analysis, which focuses on identifying domain objects, and object-oriented design, which defines software objects and how they collaborate. The document uses a dice game example to illustrate domain modeling with objects, interaction diagrams to show message flows, and a class diagram to define class attributes and methods.
The document provides an overview of Object Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE). It discusses key OOSE concepts like classes, objects, messages, inheritance, polymorphism, and data abstraction. Examples of real-world applications that use OOSE principles are provided, such as mobile apps, websites, and common software used in various industries. Advantages of OOSE include simplicity, modularity, reusability, and a clear modular structure. Potential weaknesses are larger program size, slower performance, and a steep learning curve for some problems.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It introduces key OOAD concepts like classes, objects, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and associations. It explains that OOAD implements object-oriented analysis to develop an object model of the problem, object-oriented design to develop a model of the solution, and object-oriented programming to develop the model using an OO language. The document also discusses using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for OOAD, with examples of use case diagrams and class diagrams. It provides external readings on OOAD and gives homework questions related to analyzing a class diagram for an elevator system.
Rumbaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is an object-oriented analysis and design methodology. It uses three main modeling approaches: object models, dynamic models, and functional models. The object model defines the structure of objects in the system through class diagrams. The dynamic model describes object behavior over time using state diagrams and event flow diagrams. The functional model represents system processes and data flow using data flow diagrams.
Unit 1( modelling concepts & class modeling)Manoj Reddy
The document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It covers key concepts like classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It also discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) which provides standard notation for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting models. The document is a lecture on object-oriented concepts for students to understand modeling using classes, objects, and relationships.
Module3 - Object Oriented Analysis & Functional Model.pdfGerard Alba
This document provides an overview of Module 3 which covers object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the functional model. It discusses how OOAD uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) to represent different components and interactions of a software system through various diagrams. Specifically, it explains that Module 3 will focus on the functional model, which illustrates system functionality and user interactions, while Modules 4-6 will cover the dynamic and static models. The document also distinguishes between analysis, which understands system requirements, and design, which produces specifications to be implemented.
Object Oriented Approach for Software DevelopmentRishabh Soni
This document provides an overview of object-oriented design methodologies. It discusses key object-oriented concepts like abstraction, encapsulation, and polymorphism. It also describes the three main models used in object-oriented analysis: the object model, dynamic model, and functional model. Finally, it outlines the typical stages of the object-oriented development life cycle, including system conception, analysis, system design, class design, and implementation.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard notation for capturing objects. Analysis investigates the problem domain to identify objects, while design defines how software objects will collaborate to meet requirements. Key concepts discussed include abstraction, encapsulation, information hiding, and the class-responsibility-collaborator modeling technique. Quality management aims to reduce defects through practices applied throughout the software development process.
This document discusses object-oriented modeling and design. It provides an overview of key concepts in object-oriented thinking like objects, classes, polymorphism, and inheritance. It also describes object-oriented methodology, including analysis, system design, object design, and implementation. Additionally, it discusses object modeling technique (OMT) and the unified modeling language (UML), including the four main views (use case view, design view, process view, and implementation view) used in UML architecture.
The document discusses Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and the Rational Unified Process (RUP). It explains that OOAD involves analyzing a problem domain to identify objects and then designing how software objects will collaborate to meet requirements. RUP is an iterative software development process that uses use cases, UML diagrams, and other artifacts. It has phases like inception, elaboration, construction, and transition where requirements are gathered, designs are created and refined, and software is implemented through iterations.
This document provides an overview of object oriented analysis and design using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses key concepts in object oriented programming like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. It also outlines the software development lifecycle and phases like requirements analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance. Finally, it introduces UML and explains how use case diagrams can be used to model the user view of a system by defining actors and use cases.
The document provides information about object-oriented modeling and design concepts including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses how object-oriented modeling uses classes to define objects, relationships, and behaviors. It also describes the basic UML diagram types like use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams that can be used to design software systems using an object-oriented approach.
The document discusses object-oriented design using UML. It describes the design process, including refining the analysis model into a design model with more implementation details. Key artifacts of design include interfaces, subsystems, and classes. Maintaining both analysis and design models is recommended for large, complex systems. Design axioms aim to maximize independence between components and minimize complexity. Corollaries provide guidelines for loosely coupled, single-purpose classes with strong mappings between analysis and design models.
DOC-20210303-WA0017..pptx,coding stuff in cfloraaluoch3
This document provides an overview of procedural programming and object-oriented programming concepts. It discusses modular programming in C language and compilers used for C/C++. It then covers the software crisis and evolution, procedural programming paradigm, and introduction to object-oriented approach. Key characteristics of OOP like classes, objects, encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism are explained. Benefits of OOP like code reusability and improved reliability are highlighted. Popular OOP languages like Java, C++, and Python are listed with examples of applications like real-time systems and databases.
Object-oriented analysis and design is an evolutionary development method built upon past proven concepts. The document discusses object-oriented systems development processes including use case driven analysis, the Object Modeling Technique (OMT), class diagrams, relationships between classes, and object-oriented modeling. It provides examples of class diagrams showing classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. It also explains the four views of OMT - the object model, dynamic model, functional model, and how OMT separates modeling.
This document provides an overview of Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD). It discusses the history and basics of OOAD, including the importance of modeling, principles of modeling, and object-oriented modeling. It also introduces the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and provides an example of key OOAD steps like defining use cases, domain models, interaction diagrams, and design class diagrams using a dice game as an example. The conceptual model of UML is also explained, focusing on its basic building blocks, rules, and common mechanisms.
This document discusses object-oriented system design and modeling. It introduces key concepts like object-oriented principles, the software development lifecycle, and UML modeling. It explains that object-oriented concepts are widely used in software solution design across domains. Skilled professionals with a strong foundation in object-oriented design are needed to fulfill increasing requirements. The document then covers stages of software development like analysis, design, and implementation. It also discusses phases of object-oriented development like analysis, design, and self-contained objects and classes.
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD), providing an overview of OO concepts like objects, classes, relationships, and the OO development life cycle, and outlines 5 units that will be covered including introduction to OO, UML, OO analysis, OO design, and CASE tools.
Unit 1 introduces the basics of object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP treats data as objects that contain both data fields (properties) and methods (behaviors). Classes are templates that are used to create objects. Some key principles of OOP include encapsulation, which binds an object's data and methods together, inheritance which allows classes to share structures and behaviors of other classes, and polymorphism which allows different classes to have similarly-named methods that work in different ways. OOP aims to make code reusable, modular, and adaptable to changing requirements compared to traditional procedural programming.
The document discusses object-oriented databases (OODBs). It states that choosing the right OODB architecture is crucial for performance and scalability, more so than with relational databases. With OODBs, the application architecture has a greater impact on performance compared to relational databases, as OODBs provide more direct access to persistent data. Consequently, the application architecture affects performance and scalability more than the choice of OODB.
This document discusses different design methods and views used in software architecture and development processes. It describes procedural, structural and object-oriented design methods. It also discusses the 4+1 view model, which separates an architecture into 5 views - logical, process, development, physical and use case views. Finally, it summarizes the Unified Process (UP), which is an iterative software development process consisting of inception, elaboration, construction and transition phases focused on requirements, analysis, design, implementation and testing workflows.
This document provides an overview of the contents of a textbook on object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD). It covers 6 units:
1. Object-oriented concepts, modeling, and the Unified Modeling Language (UML)
2. Iterative development and UML
3. Basic and advanced structural modeling
4. Interaction modeling
5. Architectural modeling
6. Object-oriented programming styles
The first unit introduces object-oriented paradigms and modeling techniques like the data flow diagram, entity relationship diagram, algorithms, and flowcharts. It also discusses object-oriented modeling and the process of object-oriented analysis and design.
Object-oriented modeling and design.pdfSHIVAM691605
Person
Patient: Person
Treats: Association
- assistant: Person
- patient: Person
Role names for a ternary association
Generalization
Generalization is a taxonomic relationship
between a more general class and a more
specific subclass.
The general class is called a superclass and
the specific class is called a subclass.
The subclass inherits all the attributes and
operations of the superclass.
The subclass may add its own attributes and
operations.
Person
name
age
address
Employee
salary
department
Student
marks
Student
Employee
Generalization
Object Modeling Guidelines
Model real
Similar to Assignment 1 SYD601 2012 rick_danby completed with audio (20)
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 3)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
Lesson Outcomes:
- students will be able to identify and name various types of ornamental plants commonly used in landscaping and decoration, classifying them based on their characteristics such as foliage, flowering, and growth habits. They will understand the ecological, aesthetic, and economic benefits of ornamental plants, including their roles in improving air quality, providing habitats for wildlife, and enhancing the visual appeal of environments. Additionally, students will demonstrate knowledge of the basic requirements for growing ornamental plants, ensuring they can effectively cultivate and maintain these plants in various settings.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
How to Create User Notification in Odoo 17Celine George
This slide will represent how to create user notification in Odoo 17. Odoo allows us to create and send custom notifications on some events or actions. We have different types of notification such as sticky notification, rainbow man effect, alert and raise exception warning or validation.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
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Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
Assignment 1 SYD601 2012 rick_danby completed with audio
1. Assignment 1:
Presentation on Methodology
Class: SYD601
Student: Rick Danby
Student Number: 2011000976
Tutor: Sandra Dyke
Semester 2, 2012
Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology
Due Date: 7th September 2012
2.
3. Object Oriented Systems Development
Object-oriented is an approach to systems development that proposes
the use of system objects to build new systems or rebuild old ones. An
important goal of object-oriented development is to change the nature
of traditional software development from designing and writing models
from scratch to building systems through the assembly of reusable
software objects.
Includes both data and
processes with each object
4. OO Systems Development
Object Oriented Approach
OO approach for systems development views an information
system as a collection of interacting objects that work together to
accomplish tasks.
The OO system development involves
OOA – Object Oriented Analysis
Using an OO approach to system analysis
OOD- Object Oriented Design
Using an OO approach to system design
OOP – Object Oriented Programming
Using an OO approach to programming
5. OO Systems Development
OOA - Object Oriented Analysis
Defining all of the types of objects that do the work in a system and showing
what user interactions are required to complete tasks.
The result of object-oriented analysis is a description of what the system is
functionally required to do, in the form of a conceptual model.
UML diagrams can be used at this stage to help visualise the system which
can include different diagrams such as use-case, Activity diagrams or more.
These are used to represent the user interactions.
An example of what a use-case diagram can like is to
the right. This diagram and the rest will be covered
later on in the PowerPoint in the UML section.
6. OO Systems Development
OOD - Object-Oriented Design
OOD uses information and diagrams gathered from the OOA stage
and also the diagrams created can be continuously grown and
updated.
OOD takes care of defining all of the types of objects necessary to
communicate with people and devices in the system, showing how
the objects interact to complete tasks, and refining the definition of
each type of object so it can be implemented with a specific
language or environment.
The result of object-oriented design is
creating UML sequence and class diagrams
of the system. These will be covered in the
UML part of the PowerPoint.
7. OO Systems Development
OOP - Object-Oriented Programming
Writing statements in a programming language to define what each type
of object does, including the messages that the objects send to each other.
Programming Languages include:
8. Objects and Classes
A class is a set of objects that
share a common structure and
a common behaviour. More
simply put they’re a blueprint,
template or set of instructions
which build a specific type of
object.
Class: defines what all objects
of the class represent
Objects: Objects are instances
of a class
Another example to explain the
difference is the cookie & cookie
cutter. The cookie cutter is the
class or template and the cookie is
the object which is made from the
class.
9. Types of Objects
An object is a thing in the computer
system that can respond to
messages. Types include:
• User Interface - An object the
user interacts with e.g. button,
menu item, text box, label
• Problem Domain Objects -
Objects that are specific to a
business application e.g.
customer object, order object,
product object
10. OO Systems Development - Principles
Object Oriented concepts can be broken down into four principles.
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Polymorphism
• Abstraction
These will be covered in detail over the next few slides
11. OO Systems Development - Principles
Inheritance
Inheritance lets developers inherit the capabilities (methods and data) from
existing classes to build new classes. Allowing you to use classes as standard
templates from which other classes can be built on. A subclass is a kind of
superclass e.g. Magazine is a kind of book in the example below. Common
sets of attributes and methods are included in the superclass. Subclasses can
then inherit the attributes and methods of its superclass as shown below in
the diagram. Subclasses can also add in their own methods etc. which are
specific to them. The strongest reason for inheritance is code reuse.
Super Class
(or parent class)
Sub Classes (child classes)
(which are each inheriting
Author, Title and price from the
superclass)
12. OO Systems Development - Principles
Encapsulation & Information Hiding
Encapsulation
Encapsulation makes the data and methods private within an object.
That idea of encapsulation is to hide how a class does it but to allow
requesting what to do.
One way to think about encapsulation is as a protective wrapper that
prevents code and data from being accessed by other code defined
outside the wrapper
Information Hiding
Hiding the internal structure of objects, protecting them from corruption
and keeps the data safe from outside interface and misuse.
13. OO Systems Development - Principles
Polymorphism
Example below to explain
Polymorphism is closely related to polymorphism can be how
people (objects) respond to
inheritance but it is the ability of the same message.
different objects to respond to the
same message (method) in different
ways depending on their class
membership.
A message can be interpreted
differently depending on the class of
objects.
Objects belonging to different types
respond to method, field, or property
calls of the same name, each one
according to an appropriate type
specific behaviour.
14. OO Systems Development - Principles
Abstraction
An abstract class is a parent class that allows inheritance but can never be
instantiated. This is done when we need to only inherit from a certain class,
but don’t need to instantiate objects of that class. These classes are known
as "Abstract Base Class“
An abstract class holds the methods
but the actual implementation of
those methods is made in the
derived classes. As you can see in
the diagram the abstract class
“Shape” will never be
instantiated it just passes down
the methods to the actual type of
shapes square, rectangle and circle.
15. OO Systems Development - Benefits
• Reusability
Once objects are created they can be reused in other parts of the system
which saves copying and reusing code.
• Naturalness
The way people usually think about their world, conforms with the
way people talk about their work
• Robustness
More OO languages support exception and error handling.
• Extensibility
Objects can inherit from other objects which reduces the need to
constantly “reinvent the wheel”.
• Easier to manage
With each object being relatively small, self-contained and manageable
reduces complexity and leads to higher quality systems which are easier to
maintain.
16.
17. Unified Process (UP)
The Unified Process is a popular iterative and incremental Software
Development Process which has the following key features:
• It’s component based, commonly being used to coordinate object
oriented programming projects.
• It uses UML - a diagrammatic notation for object oriented design
• The design process is anchored, and driven by use-cases which help
keep sight of the anticipated behaviours of the system.
• It is architecture centric.
• Design is iterative and incremental - via a prescribed sequence of
design phases within a repeated process.
It provides a way to express concepts rather than a way to draw diagrams
18. Unified Process (UP)
Unified Process divides the development stages into four phases:
• Inception
• Elaboration
• Construction
• Transition
19. Unified Process Phases and Disciplines
Time
The diagram shows how the emphasis of the different disciplines
changing over the course of the project throughout the different
phases.
20. Unified Process Phases
Inception:
• The Inception phase is where the idea is developed into a product vision.
The business case for the project is built by developing a good
understanding of the requirements and scope of the system from what the
project stakeholders want.
• The feasibility of the project is assessed such as estimates of costs and the
schedule of the project.
• UML Events table
Overall this phase establishes the feasibility of the project, creates a scope for
the project and the business case is developed. At the end of the Inception
Phase the project team will know whether or not to continue with the project.
21. Phases continued…
Elaboration:
This phase extends further on from the previous
phase and focuses on the "Do-Ability" of the project
• The vision of the project is refined
• The scope is finalised
• Realistic costs and time schedule are produced
• Requirements are identified and described
• Risks are identified and the major ones are addressed
• The core architecture and functions of the system are designed and
implemented.
UML Diagrams created include Use Case, Conceptual diagrams and package
diagrams.
By the end of this phase the basic architecture should have been produced
and a plan of construction developed and agreed on. The project team will
know that they can successfully build a working system.
22. Phases continued…
Construction:
The construction phase is where the project is developed from the
executable architecture (designs) created in the Elaboration phase to an
operational system. This is where the code etc. is produced and the system
is created.
By the end of this phase a working system should be available, ready for
testing and evaluation.
Common UML diagrams used during this phase include Activity and
Sequence which show the flow of processes within the system and the
messages flowing between each part.
23. Phases continued…
Transition:
In this phase the system is Introduced to its stakeholders and
intended users. Any training or help is provided so they
understand the system and know how it works.
In the transition phase the goal is to ensure that the
requirements have been met to the satisfaction of the
stakeholders.
Feedback is given on the system and finally any errors or
problems are identified, corrected and improvements made.
24. 6 Main Development Disciplines
There’s 6 main disciplines which show all activities you may go
through to produce a particular set of artefacts.
The 6 main disciplines are:
• Business Modelling
• Requirements
• Design
• Implementation
• Testing
• Development
• Deployment
25. 6 Main Development Disciplines
1. Business Modeling
The purpose of business modeling is to understand the business
environment . This involves:
• Understanding the structure and the dynamics of the organisation
in the target organisation
• Understanding current problems in the target organisation and
identify improvement potentials
• To ensure that customers, end users, and developers have a
common understanding of the target organisation
• To develop the system requirements needed to support the target
organisation.
• Understand surroundings, Create the system vision, Create business
models
26. Development Disciplines continued…
2. Requirements
The purpose of this discipline is to document business requirements
and the scope of the project is defined.
• The specification documents are prepared to identify the functional
requirements (like usage, business rules, user interface) and non-
functional requirements of the project.
• Gather detailed information
• Develop user interface dialogs
• Evaluate requirements with users
27. Development Disciplines continued…
3. Design
This is where the requirements gathered in the previous discipline are
used to design the system.
The six activities within this discipline include:
• Design support services architecture and deployment environment
• Design the software architecture
• Design use case realisations
• Design the database
• Design the system and user interfaces
• Design the system security and controls
28. Development Disciplines continued…
4. Implementation
This is where the building of the actual system according to the
design is done.
Implementation activities include:
Build software components
Acquire software components
Integrate software components
29. Development Disciplines continued…
5. Testing
Testing consists of finding bugs, ensuring that the system works as per
the design of the system and meets all requirements mentioned in the
specification documents.
Testing activities include:
Define and conduct unit testing
Define and conduct integration testing
Define and conduct usability testing
Define and conduct user acceptance testing
30. Development Disciplines continued…
6. Deployment
Deployment includes planning and delivering the system and
supporting documentations to the client. Also to get the system
running and ensure its exactly what the client wanted.
Deployment activities include:
Obtain hardware and system software
Package and install components
Train users
Convert and initialise data
Deployment is done in the Transition phase.
31. Development Disciplines continued…
There are 3 additional support disciplines which are Project
management, Configuration & change management and Environment.
Project Management
This includes assigning tasks, managing risks, tracking progress etc. to
ensure on time and within budget delivery of the system. Activities
include:
Finalise the system and project scope
Develop the project and iteration schedule
Identify project risks and confirm feasibility
Monitor and control the project’s plan
Monitor and control communications
Monitor and control risks and outstanding issues
32. Development Disciplines continued…
Configuration & change management
This includes managing baselines of the project, accepting and
managing change requirements, changing and delivering configuration
items and managing releases. It relates to the
Requirements
Design
Source code
Executables
The two activities in this discipline
Develop change control procedures
Manage models and software components
33. Development Disciplines continued…
Environment
This includes ensuring proper tools are available whenever required.
Development environment includes
Available facilities
Design of the workspace
Forums for team communication and interaction
Environment discipline activities
Select and configure the development tools
Tailor the UP development process
Provide technical support services
34.
35. UML – Unified Modelling Language
The Unified Modelling Language is a standard language for
specifying, visualising, constructing, and documenting the pieces of
software systems.
It has an important role in OO analysis and design as the UML
diagrams are used to model the design/system. It was developed
specifically for object-oriented development.
The goal of UML can be defined as a simple modelling tool to model
all possible practical systems in todays complex environment.
UML diagrams fall into two categories which represent different
views of a system. The categories are listed below and each will be
described in detail supported by examples over the next few slides.
• Static Modeling
• Dynamic Modeling
36. Static Modelling
Static models show the structural characteristics of the system
This is done by using the following types of diagrams:
• Classes diagrams
• Objects diagrams
• Deployment diagrams
• Package diagrams
• Composite structure diagram
• Component diagram
Class diagram is the most widely used diagram so an example of this is on
the next slide.
37. Example of a Class Diagram
Class Diagram
A class diagram describes the structure of a system by showing the system's
classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships
among the classes.
A Basic class diagram below with the parts of the diagram identified.
38. Behaviour Modelling
Behaviour modelling is used to describe and show the interaction within
a system. Its can show the flow of execution within a system such as
• Simple object interactions
• Component migration
• Complex multithreaded system flows
Behavioural modelling shows the dynamic nature of the system in the
following types of diagrams:
• Activity diagrams
• Interaction diagrams
• Use case diagrams
• Collaboration/Communication diagrams
39. Examples of Behaviour Modelling diagrams
Use Case Diagram
A Use Case diagram is a list of steps
defining interactions between a
role/user ( "actor") and a system
to achieve a goal. The actor can be
a human or an external system. In
the diagram to the right it shows
how customers, bank, staff and
accounting system ( actors) interact
with the website (system) when
purchasing a book.
The steps go from the customer
entering the site and searching for
a book, through to the purchase of
it.
40. Examples of BehaviourModelling diagrams
Activity Diagram
An Activity diagram is basically a
flow chart that’s used to
represent the flow from one
activity to another within the
system to show the processes
it’s going through.
To the right is an example of a
book being purchased by a
customer on the website and
the processes it goes through to
create the order and send the
item to the customer.
41. Examples of Behaviour Modelling diagrams
Interaction Diagram
An interaction diagram shows the
different classes (along the top) and the
different messages which are sent
between them.
The purpose of interaction diagrams are
to visualise the interactive behaviour of
the system.
The sequence of the messages go from
the top-left (beginning) of the diagram
to the bottom-right (end).
To the right is a basic example where the
parts of the system send the messages
between the different classes for the
purchase of a book from the online
website by a customer.
42. All the kinds of Static ( or structure) and
Behaviour Modelling diagrams
43.
44. Integration
Overall
Unified Process is an iterative and incremental software development
process . It describes roles of participants, their responsibilities, steps,
phases, milestones in software design. Different documents, diagrams,
software components etc. are produced at each stage.
UML was designed to help project teams in software development
efforts by build diagrams that allow the team to visualise the system,
identify the structure and behaviour of that system, complexity of the
software, construct the system, and document the decisions made along
the way.
As we can see OO Systems development uses the Unified Modelling
Language (UML) in the analysis and design stages for modelling and
designing the system. Many of the tasks that the Unified Process defines
involve using UML and the UP is the process to follow for systems
development.
45. Project Plan
For this assignment the phases from the Unified Process we’re completing are
the Inception and Elaboration phases.
46. Inception phase
The goal for this stage is to read the Web store Discussion document,
Project Managers Decisions and the Scenario to understand exactly what
Great Education Books wants to do with the business, establish the scope
of the project, identify risks and produce our first draft iterations of the
UML diagrams.
Moving into the Elaboration Phase
To understand the process of the system a draft Events table has been
created to show the steps that a customer would go through when
interacting with a system to purchase a book. Version 1 of our use case
diagram, domain class, activity diagrams and system sequence
diagrams have been made so far. We intend to review each diagram
each week adding in changes where needed so by the final due date
complete, full versions of the diagrams will be ready to hand in.
47. Project Plan
Progress Reports
These are to be completed by the following dates to ensure the parts are
being completed and the projects on track to finish on time.
• Progress Report 1 : Friday 17th August - COMPLETED
• Progress Report 2 : Friday 7th September
• Progress Report 3 : Friday 28th September
• Progress Report 4 : Friday 12th October
• Progress Report 5 : Friday 26th October
• Final Report : Friday 2nd November
48. Project Plan
Dates Tasks
30th July – 5th August Event Decomposition Table v1.
6th August - 12th August Use-Case Diagram v1.
Review Event Decomposition table.
13th August – 19th August Domain class Diagram v1.
Review Event + Use-Case Diagrams.
20th August – 26th August Activity Diagrams v1.
Review Event + Use Case + domain class
diagrams.
27th August – 2nd September System Sequence Diagram v1 & State Chart
Diagram v1.
Review Event table, Domain class, use- case and
activity diagrams.
3rd September – 9th September Design Class Diagram v1
10th September- 16th September Interaction Diagrams – Sequence and
Communication Diagrams.
17th Sept – 23rd September Design Class Diagram Review/finalising.
24th Sept – 30th September Package Diagram & Design Statecharts
31st Sept – 2nd November Review and finalise all documents and diagrams
for hand in date of 2nd November.