Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with tools to efficiently organize and evaluate departments within an organization. An MIS includes software, databases, hardware, decision support systems, and computerized processes that help managers make decisions and run departments effectively. The main goals of an MIS are to provide accurate and timely information to support decision-making, planning, control, and overall operations. Digital firms have enabled core business relationships through digital networks and technology platforms, allowing them to operate more efficiently on a global scale and adapt quickly to market changes.
Data is raw facts and events that are recorded, information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, and intelligence emerges from information that has been analyzed and from which conclusions have been drawn. Management information systems process data into useful information reports and dashboards to help managers make effective decisions. There are three main categories of information technology - functional IT that supports tasks, network IT that enables collaboration, and enterprise IT that structures interactions across the organization.
1) The document discusses the implementation of an SAP system at Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) to integrate its various business functions and improve operational efficiency.
2) DMRC required a customized IT system that was fast, integrated, flexible, and modular to help streamline operations, decision making, and resource utilization across departments.
3) After evaluating various options, DMRC implemented SAP R/3, deploying core modules for finance, costing, materials, HR, maintenance, projects, and real estate. The system went live within nine months and provided benefits like real-time project tracking, cost control, and predictive analytics.
The document discusses the important role of Management Information Systems (MIS) in organizations. It states that MIS plays a vital role similar to the heart in the human body by collecting, processing, and distributing essential information to all parts of the organization. It helps satisfy diverse information needs at all levels of management through systems like query systems, analysis systems, and decision support systems. A well-designed MIS that provides timely, reliable information helps managers make efficient, strategic decisions and improves organizational performance, productivity, and competitiveness.
The document provides an introduction to management information systems. It explains that information systems are essential for businesses today to achieve operational excellence, develop new products and business models, gain customer intimacy, improve decision making, gain competitive advantages, and ensure survival. It defines an information system from both a technical and business perspective, and identifies the three key dimensions of information systems as the management, organizational, and technological dimensions.
Management information systems (MIS) provide information to support management decision-making. MIS has several key components, including computer hardware and software, databases, human resources, and communication networks. There are different types of MIS that support various management functions such as transaction processing, operations, and decision-making. MIS provides timely, accurate, consistent, and relevant information to managers in order to improve efficiency, expedite problem-solving, and gain a competitive advantage.
The document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). [1] It provides an overview of the origins and evolution of MIS from manual systems to modern computer-based systems. [2] MIS is defined as an information system that helps management make decisions by providing them with relevant information from across the organization. [3] The key roles and functions of MIS are to support business operations, decision making, and gaining competitive advantage through strategic use of information technology.
1) Data refers to raw facts or numbers while information is data that has been organized and given meaning or context.
2) A system is defined as a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs, processing them, and producing outputs. Key components of systems include inputs, processing, outputs, feedback, and control.
3) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process business transactions and control processes, or management support systems, which provide information to support decision making.
Management Information System Final ReportRehan Ahmed
The document appears to be a final report submitted by students to their professor at Hamdard University. It does not provide any actual content or summary of the report. It only includes the title page with the names of the students who submitted it and the professor they submitted it to.
Data is raw facts and events that are recorded, information is processed data that is meaningful and relevant, and intelligence emerges from information that has been analyzed and from which conclusions have been drawn. Management information systems process data into useful information reports and dashboards to help managers make effective decisions. There are three main categories of information technology - functional IT that supports tasks, network IT that enables collaboration, and enterprise IT that structures interactions across the organization.
1) The document discusses the implementation of an SAP system at Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC) to integrate its various business functions and improve operational efficiency.
2) DMRC required a customized IT system that was fast, integrated, flexible, and modular to help streamline operations, decision making, and resource utilization across departments.
3) After evaluating various options, DMRC implemented SAP R/3, deploying core modules for finance, costing, materials, HR, maintenance, projects, and real estate. The system went live within nine months and provided benefits like real-time project tracking, cost control, and predictive analytics.
The document discusses the important role of Management Information Systems (MIS) in organizations. It states that MIS plays a vital role similar to the heart in the human body by collecting, processing, and distributing essential information to all parts of the organization. It helps satisfy diverse information needs at all levels of management through systems like query systems, analysis systems, and decision support systems. A well-designed MIS that provides timely, reliable information helps managers make efficient, strategic decisions and improves organizational performance, productivity, and competitiveness.
The document provides an introduction to management information systems. It explains that information systems are essential for businesses today to achieve operational excellence, develop new products and business models, gain customer intimacy, improve decision making, gain competitive advantages, and ensure survival. It defines an information system from both a technical and business perspective, and identifies the three key dimensions of information systems as the management, organizational, and technological dimensions.
Management information systems (MIS) provide information to support management decision-making. MIS has several key components, including computer hardware and software, databases, human resources, and communication networks. There are different types of MIS that support various management functions such as transaction processing, operations, and decision-making. MIS provides timely, accurate, consistent, and relevant information to managers in order to improve efficiency, expedite problem-solving, and gain a competitive advantage.
The document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). [1] It provides an overview of the origins and evolution of MIS from manual systems to modern computer-based systems. [2] MIS is defined as an information system that helps management make decisions by providing them with relevant information from across the organization. [3] The key roles and functions of MIS are to support business operations, decision making, and gaining competitive advantage through strategic use of information technology.
1) Data refers to raw facts or numbers while information is data that has been organized and given meaning or context.
2) A system is defined as a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs, processing them, and producing outputs. Key components of systems include inputs, processing, outputs, feedback, and control.
3) Information systems can be classified as either operations support systems, which process business transactions and control processes, or management support systems, which provide information to support decision making.
Management Information System Final ReportRehan Ahmed
The document appears to be a final report submitted by students to their professor at Hamdard University. It does not provide any actual content or summary of the report. It only includes the title page with the names of the students who submitted it and the professor they submitted it to.
This document provides an overview of a tutorial on Management Information Systems (MIS). It discusses key concepts related to information including the difference between data and information. It also outlines some common enterprise applications used in businesses like ERP, CRM, DSS, and KMS. The document provides details on the objectives, characteristics, and scope of a MIS and how information systems can help businesses with decision making, operational excellence, and gaining a competitive advantage.
MIS stands for Management Information Systems. The document discusses:
1. The key concepts of management, information, and systems. Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Information is data that has been processed into a meaningful context. Systems involve components that work together to achieve objectives.
2. How MIS takes raw data as input, processes it, and produces useful information outputs for management decision making. This includes gathering internal and external data and integrating it into a centralized database.
3. The benefits of MIS include enabling management by objectives, generating competitive advantages by allowing fast reaction to market changes, and providing information to support decision making, problem solving, and controlling operations.
This presentation is prepared by Author for Perbanas Institute as a part of Author Lecture Series. It is to be used for educational and non-commercial purposes only and is not to be changed, altered, or used for any commercial endeavor without the express written permission from Author and/or Perbanas Institute. Appropriate legal action may be taken against any person, organization, or entity attempting to misrepresent, charge, or profit from the educational materials contained here.
Authors are allowed to use their own articles without seeking permission from any person, organization, or entity.
Management: The organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives.
Information: It is that which informs, i.e. an answer to a question, as well as that from which knowledge and data can be derived.
System: A set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
Management Information System: It broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.
The document discusses the key concepts of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as an integrated system that provides information to support management decision making. The objectives of MIS are to facilitate decision making, provide requisite information to all management levels, and support structured and unstructured problem solving. MIS has various applications in areas like accounting, finance, marketing, materials management, and production management. It provides the right information to the right people at the right time. Business intelligence systems allow companies to analyze corporate data for strategic planning and decision making.
Here are the key prerequisites of an effective MIS:
1. Top Management Support: Active involvement and support from top management is critical for the success of any MIS initiative. They need to provide strategic direction, resources and oversight.
2. User Involvement: The end users of the MIS system must be involved from the beginning - from planning and design to implementation. This ensures the system meets their actual needs.
3. Clearly Defined Objectives: There must be clarity around the objectives and goals the MIS aims to achieve. The objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound.
4. Adequate Resources: Sufficient financial resources, IT infrastructure, skilled human resources and time need
MIS concept, Management basics, Information concepts, needs of information, System concept, system theory, system approach, management and organisational theories, organisational behaviour and MIS, management functions,
This document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a system that converts data from internal and external sources into meaningful information to help managers make timely decisions. The document outlines the importance of MIS in providing the right information to the right people at the right time. It also discusses the components, characteristics, establishment and performance evaluation of effective MIS.
This document discusses factors affecting the growth and development of management information systems (MIS) in organizations. It identifies internal factors like past experience with technology and organizational characteristics, as well as external factors like industry-level technology and national policies. It also outlines common approaches to MIS like the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and prototyping. Finally, it lists essential requirements for an effective MIS, such as qualified staff, management support, a common database, and control/maintenance.
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from a textbook on management information systems. It discusses how information systems are essential for business today and defines an information system. It also outlines several key ways that businesses use information systems, such as for operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. The chapter discusses how information systems help achieve strategic business objectives and provides examples from companies like Walmart, Apple, and Verizon. It emphasizes the growing interdependence between businesses and information technology.
MIS stands for Management Information Systems. It involves using hardware, software, data, people and communication systems to collect, manipulate and disseminate information to support business operations, managerial decision making and strategic advantages. Key roles of MIS include supporting business operations, managerial decisions and competitive advantages. MIS impacts organizations by automating and improving business processes, coordination, planning and decision making through enterprise-wide shared databases and workflow automation. E-business utilizes information technology and telecommunications networks to conduct business transactions in new ways that can provide competitive edges through flexibility, optimized processes, lower costs and improved customer service.
1st solve assignment Management information systemDanish Saqi
Information systems are essential for running and managing modern businesses. They help reduce costs, improve efficiency and productivity, minimize litigation risks, safeguard vital information, support better decision making, and preserve corporate memory. Porter's competitive forces model examines how five competitive forces - traditional competitors, new market entrants, substitute products/services, suppliers, and customers - shape a firm's competitive strategies. Firms can use information systems to develop strategies to deal with these competitive forces, such as by creating new products/services, improving customer intimacy and gaining competitive advantages.
The document discusses how information technology can increase sales and foot traffic in retail outlets located in modern malls in India. It explains that information systems can support business operations, decision making, and competitive advantage. Specifically, it suggests that customer data from loyalty programs can be used for targeted marketing campaigns. Segmenting customers based on past purchases allows retailers to anticipate future purchases and advertise related products to attract more sales and visits to the malls. Suggestions are also made to ensure marketing strategies are tailored to local customers' needs and preferences.
The document provides information about management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as systems that provide information needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively using people, technology, and information. The document discusses the history and evolution of MIS from manual internal reporting to complex computerized systems. It also describes different types of MIS like decision support systems, executive information systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. The document provides examples of how MIS can help organizations by highlighting strengths and weaknesses, providing overall business pictures, and enabling efficient management of supply chains and customer relationships.
1) Information systems affect nearly all business careers as firms increasingly rely on technology to gain competitive advantages. Accounting, finance, marketing, operations and management roles now require technical skills.
2) Common skills needed across careers include understanding how IT helps achieve objectives like efficiency and new products, working with databases, analyzing information, and addressing legal/ethical issues.
3) Specific careers also require skills in the technologies used, like enterprise systems for financial reporting, marketing databases, or production management software.
This document discusses the evolution of information systems from electronic data processing (EDP) systems in the 1960s to today's enterprise systems and e-commerce applications. It outlines the development of different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, expert systems, knowledge management systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. It also describes how information systems now support strategic, tactical, and operational management decision-making and enhance the value of information through data warehousing and data mining.
Digital firms place an emphasis on digitizing business processes and services through sophisticated technology and information systems. These systems allow digital firms to decentralize operations, accelerate responsiveness to customers, and increase efficiencies across business functions. A key advantage is that digital firms can operate core business services and functions continuously and more efficiently through digital networks and information systems.
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as using information technology, people, and processes to record, store, and process data into useful information for decision-making. The document then discusses the evolution of MIS from the 1950s to the present day, covering transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, knowledge management systems, and e-business. It also outlines the key components, objectives, and characteristics of an effective MIS.
Information system presentation assignment 1 (management information system) ...vibrant6000
This document summarizes key aspects of management information systems (MIS), including definitions of MIS and different types of MIS. It discusses how MIS is useful for companies in planning, control, and decision making. Examples of companies that use MIS are provided. The impacts of MIS on organizations are that it facilitates flattening of hierarchies, increases speed of decision making, and empowers lower-level employees. MIS provides strategic information to management to make competitive decisions and transform organizations.
Wasim ali .118. types of mis & advantage & disadvantage of misWaseemAli58
Management information systems (MIS) provide routine information to managers and decision-makers through organized collections of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices. There are several types of MIS, including transaction processing systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, office automation systems, and marketing information systems. MIS have advantages like improved decision-making, communication, and productivity. However, they also have disadvantages such as security risks from hacking, a focus on quantitative over qualitative data, and lack of flexibility.
Major challenges of information systems include: 1) addressing globalization needs, 2) designing effective information architectures, and 3) maximizing the benefits of technology competitively. Management information systems aim to provide managers with historical data to aid planning and control decisions. They systematically collect and organize data to transform it into useful information for management. However, information systems also face limitations such as inability to replace human judgment and decreased effectiveness over time.
This document provides an overview of a tutorial on Management Information Systems (MIS). It discusses key concepts related to information including the difference between data and information. It also outlines some common enterprise applications used in businesses like ERP, CRM, DSS, and KMS. The document provides details on the objectives, characteristics, and scope of a MIS and how information systems can help businesses with decision making, operational excellence, and gaining a competitive advantage.
MIS stands for Management Information Systems. The document discusses:
1. The key concepts of management, information, and systems. Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Information is data that has been processed into a meaningful context. Systems involve components that work together to achieve objectives.
2. How MIS takes raw data as input, processes it, and produces useful information outputs for management decision making. This includes gathering internal and external data and integrating it into a centralized database.
3. The benefits of MIS include enabling management by objectives, generating competitive advantages by allowing fast reaction to market changes, and providing information to support decision making, problem solving, and controlling operations.
This presentation is prepared by Author for Perbanas Institute as a part of Author Lecture Series. It is to be used for educational and non-commercial purposes only and is not to be changed, altered, or used for any commercial endeavor without the express written permission from Author and/or Perbanas Institute. Appropriate legal action may be taken against any person, organization, or entity attempting to misrepresent, charge, or profit from the educational materials contained here.
Authors are allowed to use their own articles without seeking permission from any person, organization, or entity.
Management: The organization and coordination of the activities of a business in order to achieve defined objectives.
Information: It is that which informs, i.e. an answer to a question, as well as that from which knowledge and data can be derived.
System: A set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
Management Information System: It broadly refers to a computer-based system that provides managers with the tools to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.
The document discusses the key concepts of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as an integrated system that provides information to support management decision making. The objectives of MIS are to facilitate decision making, provide requisite information to all management levels, and support structured and unstructured problem solving. MIS has various applications in areas like accounting, finance, marketing, materials management, and production management. It provides the right information to the right people at the right time. Business intelligence systems allow companies to analyze corporate data for strategic planning and decision making.
Here are the key prerequisites of an effective MIS:
1. Top Management Support: Active involvement and support from top management is critical for the success of any MIS initiative. They need to provide strategic direction, resources and oversight.
2. User Involvement: The end users of the MIS system must be involved from the beginning - from planning and design to implementation. This ensures the system meets their actual needs.
3. Clearly Defined Objectives: There must be clarity around the objectives and goals the MIS aims to achieve. The objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound.
4. Adequate Resources: Sufficient financial resources, IT infrastructure, skilled human resources and time need
MIS concept, Management basics, Information concepts, needs of information, System concept, system theory, system approach, management and organisational theories, organisational behaviour and MIS, management functions,
This document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a system that converts data from internal and external sources into meaningful information to help managers make timely decisions. The document outlines the importance of MIS in providing the right information to the right people at the right time. It also discusses the components, characteristics, establishment and performance evaluation of effective MIS.
This document discusses factors affecting the growth and development of management information systems (MIS) in organizations. It identifies internal factors like past experience with technology and organizational characteristics, as well as external factors like industry-level technology and national policies. It also outlines common approaches to MIS like the systems development life cycle (SDLC) and prototyping. Finally, it lists essential requirements for an effective MIS, such as qualified staff, management support, a common database, and control/maintenance.
This document provides an overview of chapter 1 from a textbook on management information systems. It discusses how information systems are essential for business today and defines an information system. It also outlines several key ways that businesses use information systems, such as for operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. The chapter discusses how information systems help achieve strategic business objectives and provides examples from companies like Walmart, Apple, and Verizon. It emphasizes the growing interdependence between businesses and information technology.
MIS stands for Management Information Systems. It involves using hardware, software, data, people and communication systems to collect, manipulate and disseminate information to support business operations, managerial decision making and strategic advantages. Key roles of MIS include supporting business operations, managerial decisions and competitive advantages. MIS impacts organizations by automating and improving business processes, coordination, planning and decision making through enterprise-wide shared databases and workflow automation. E-business utilizes information technology and telecommunications networks to conduct business transactions in new ways that can provide competitive edges through flexibility, optimized processes, lower costs and improved customer service.
1st solve assignment Management information systemDanish Saqi
Information systems are essential for running and managing modern businesses. They help reduce costs, improve efficiency and productivity, minimize litigation risks, safeguard vital information, support better decision making, and preserve corporate memory. Porter's competitive forces model examines how five competitive forces - traditional competitors, new market entrants, substitute products/services, suppliers, and customers - shape a firm's competitive strategies. Firms can use information systems to develop strategies to deal with these competitive forces, such as by creating new products/services, improving customer intimacy and gaining competitive advantages.
The document discusses how information technology can increase sales and foot traffic in retail outlets located in modern malls in India. It explains that information systems can support business operations, decision making, and competitive advantage. Specifically, it suggests that customer data from loyalty programs can be used for targeted marketing campaigns. Segmenting customers based on past purchases allows retailers to anticipate future purchases and advertise related products to attract more sales and visits to the malls. Suggestions are also made to ensure marketing strategies are tailored to local customers' needs and preferences.
The document provides information about management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as systems that provide information needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively using people, technology, and information. The document discusses the history and evolution of MIS from manual internal reporting to complex computerized systems. It also describes different types of MIS like decision support systems, executive information systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. The document provides examples of how MIS can help organizations by highlighting strengths and weaknesses, providing overall business pictures, and enabling efficient management of supply chains and customer relationships.
1) Information systems affect nearly all business careers as firms increasingly rely on technology to gain competitive advantages. Accounting, finance, marketing, operations and management roles now require technical skills.
2) Common skills needed across careers include understanding how IT helps achieve objectives like efficiency and new products, working with databases, analyzing information, and addressing legal/ethical issues.
3) Specific careers also require skills in the technologies used, like enterprise systems for financial reporting, marketing databases, or production management software.
This document discusses the evolution of information systems from electronic data processing (EDP) systems in the 1960s to today's enterprise systems and e-commerce applications. It outlines the development of different types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, expert systems, knowledge management systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. It also describes how information systems now support strategic, tactical, and operational management decision-making and enhance the value of information through data warehousing and data mining.
Digital firms place an emphasis on digitizing business processes and services through sophisticated technology and information systems. These systems allow digital firms to decentralize operations, accelerate responsiveness to customers, and increase efficiencies across business functions. A key advantage is that digital firms can operate core business services and functions continuously and more efficiently through digital networks and information systems.
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as using information technology, people, and processes to record, store, and process data into useful information for decision-making. The document then discusses the evolution of MIS from the 1950s to the present day, covering transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, knowledge management systems, and e-business. It also outlines the key components, objectives, and characteristics of an effective MIS.
Information system presentation assignment 1 (management information system) ...vibrant6000
This document summarizes key aspects of management information systems (MIS), including definitions of MIS and different types of MIS. It discusses how MIS is useful for companies in planning, control, and decision making. Examples of companies that use MIS are provided. The impacts of MIS on organizations are that it facilitates flattening of hierarchies, increases speed of decision making, and empowers lower-level employees. MIS provides strategic information to management to make competitive decisions and transform organizations.
Wasim ali .118. types of mis & advantage & disadvantage of misWaseemAli58
Management information systems (MIS) provide routine information to managers and decision-makers through organized collections of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices. There are several types of MIS, including transaction processing systems, decision support systems, executive information systems, office automation systems, and marketing information systems. MIS have advantages like improved decision-making, communication, and productivity. However, they also have disadvantages such as security risks from hacking, a focus on quantitative over qualitative data, and lack of flexibility.
Major challenges of information systems include: 1) addressing globalization needs, 2) designing effective information architectures, and 3) maximizing the benefits of technology competitively. Management information systems aim to provide managers with historical data to aid planning and control decisions. They systematically collect and organize data to transform it into useful information for management. However, information systems also face limitations such as inability to replace human judgment and decreased effectiveness over time.
This document provides an overview of business processes and information systems. It discusses how information systems can improve business processes and competitive advantage. It also summarizes the main types of information systems including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, enterprise systems, supply chain management systems, customer relationship management systems, knowledge management systems, and systems that support collaboration and teamwork. The document emphasizes how information technology and information systems can help coordinate work and information flow within and across organizations.
Management Information System (MIS) is a computer-based system that processes data into information to support operations, management, and decision-making across departments in an organization. MIS provides managers with tools to organize, evaluate, and efficiently manage their departments. It integrates hardware, software, data, people, and procedures to facilitate planning, control, and decision-making in an organization. An effective MIS focuses on products, customers, costs, marketing, and risks to make information available for strategic decision-making.
This document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as computer systems used to manage hardware, software, data, procedures, and people to analyze and facilitate strategic and operational activities. The history of MIS is discussed from mainframe computers in the first era to today's enterprise systems. Different types of MIS are described like decision support systems, executive information systems, and enterprise resource planning systems. Advantages of MIS include improved decision making, competitive advantages, and enhanced customer management. The document concludes with how workforce management systems and analytics can be used to enhance productivity.
Management Information System (MIS) is a planned system of collecting, storing, and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes, and processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of the organization.
The document discusses the functions and roles of management information systems (MIS) in organizations. Some key points:
1) MIS acts as the "heart" of the organization, collecting, processing, and distributing essential information to various parts of the organization, similar to how the heart circulates blood in the body.
2) MIS supports decision-making at all levels by providing relevant and timely data and reports to managers. It helps ensure accurate, complete information is available for strategic planning, operations management, and other business functions.
3) By systematizing data collection and reporting, MIS streamlines operations, creates a shared understanding of business concepts, and allows managers to leverage analytical tools for better insights and decisions.
The document discusses the functions and roles of management information systems (MIS) in organizations. Some key points:
1) MIS acts as the "heart" of the organization, collecting, processing, and distributing essential information to various parts of the organization, similar to how the heart circulates blood in the body.
2) MIS supports decision-making at all levels by providing relevant and timely data and reports to managers. It helps ensure accurate, complete information is available for strategic planning, operations management, and other business functions.
3) By systematizing data collection and reporting, MIS streamlines operations and creates efficiencies. It brings structure and clarity to communication across an organization.
introduction to management information systems (MIS)Sujan Oli
Management Information Systems
The document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system used within an organization to provide information to various levels of management for decision-making. MIS has several key components, including hardware, software, people, data, and communication networks. It collects and processes organizational data and converts it into useful information for managers. The role of MIS is to supply managers with accurate, timely information needed for planning, controlling, and decision-making. An effective MIS is vital for organizational management, operations, and achieving strategic business goals.
1. Define key performance indicators linked to strategy, such as market share, revenue, and profitability by country and product.
2. Implement a centralized MIS system using online and mobile reporting tools to provide transparent access to metrics across locations.
3. Establish processes for consistently capturing, analyzing, and reporting performance data from all business units to enable benchmarking and informed decision-making.
This presentation is about managment and how it is affect the whole organization in a good way or bad way. I've made a small research about Toyota company and how they've applied the six business objectives.
This presentation was one of the requirements of MIS203 course in Yanbu University College.
This document discusses management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a system that processes data into information to facilitate decision making across departments in an organization. The document outlines the objectives, characteristics, types, advantages, and need for MIS. It concludes that MIS helps analyze operational systems to support planning and control activities across an organization by automating and supporting human decision making.
A management information system (MIS) is a series of processes that collects, analyzes, and displays data to aid decision making at all levels of management. It has several components, including people, procedures, data, hardware, and software. The primary goal of MIS is to organize data from across a business, summarize it, and facilitate improved decision making and productivity. MIS supports management functions like planning, organizing, controlling operations, and decision making by providing accurate and timely information.
Master of business administration m.i.smusheer1234
Management information system (MIS) provides information to support decision making and management functions. Value chain analysis examines the primary and support activities involved in a business process to understand how to better manage costs and create value. Business process reengineering (BPR) is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve improvements in critical areas like cost, quality, and speed. Data warehousing and data mining allow organizations to analyze large amounts of data from various sources to identify patterns and make informed decisions. When used together, these tools can help organizations optimize processes, reduce costs and improve performance through effective use of information.
The document provides an introduction to management information systems (MIS). It defines MIS as a computer-based system that presents both internal and external information to support the decision-making process. MIS utilizes hardware, software, and manual procedures to analyze, plan, control, and make decisions. While MIS does not make decisions itself, it assists managers by providing consistent, accurate, timely, and relevant information as an input to the decision-making process. The document also discusses the components, functions, uses, and types of information systems.
The document provides an overview of management information systems (MIS). It defines key concepts like data, information, systems, and information systems. It also describes different types of information systems like transaction processing systems, decision support systems, and executive information systems. The document outlines the importance of MIS for organizations and discusses how information is processed and converted into useful outputs to support management functions like planning, operations, and control. It also discusses challenges in developing MIS and how web technologies can enhance MIS communication and delivery of information to users.
Management information systems (MIS) provide managers with tools to efficiently organize and evaluate departments within an organization. An MIS includes software, databases, hardware, decision support systems, and computerized processes that help managers make decisions and run departments effectively. The main goals of an MIS are to provide accurate and timely information to support decision-making, planning, control, and overall operations. Digital firms have enabled core business relationships through digital networks and technology platforms, allowing them to operate more efficiently on a global scale and adapt quickly to market changes.
M-commerce refers to commercial transactions conducted on mobile devices such as phones and tablets. It allows companies to regularly communicate with customers through notifications about deals. It also enables local businesses to reach potential customers based on location and share information. M-commerce advantages include paying bills, booking tickets, and accessing product information online without queues. However, smaller screens can limit purchases and connectivity issues can hamper transactions compared to e-commerce on computers. M-commerce is considered a subset of the broader e-commerce category.
Traditional marketing relies on mass communication tools like print, radio, and television. Digital marketing uses online tools and tracks user interactions. It allows for two-way communication, user-generated content, and deep analytics. Online marketing offers benefits like lower costs, flexibility, and targeted ads. E-advertising is a strategy that uses the internet to deliver marketing messages and measure their success. User browsing behavior, like search and site visit history, allows for behavioral marketing through targeted ads and content.
The document provides an acknowledgement and thanks to various people and departments that helped complete the project. It then provides a short abstract, stating that the project aims to develop an online shopping system for a local shop using a web application. This will allow customers to shop online and get home delivery from the shop.
This document presents an online shopping site for clothing using e-commerce. It introduces online shopping and notes problems with traditional shopping like long distances, time consumption, and limited hours. The objectives are to provide product information and develop the site using the Apriori algorithm for recommendations and binary search for searching. It describes the modules, use cases, and design. In conclusion, online shopping allows buying anytime, anywhere with Internet access and provides more enjoyment and detail than traditional shopping.
This document contains descriptions of several entity relationship diagrams (ERDs). The first section describes an ERD for tracking ships and locations. The second section shows an ERD for an airport database tracking airplanes, owners, employees and pilots. The third section provides requirements for a library database to track libraries, books, borrowers, copies of books and loans.
The document provides information on the key concepts of an entity-relationship (E-R) model, including:
1) Entities represent real-world objects like people, places, and things that are stored in a database. Attributes describe the properties of entities.
2) Relationships represent associations between entities. Relationships have properties like degree, cardinality, and existence.
3) Keys like primary keys and foreign keys uniquely identify entities and define relationships between entities.
4) Strong and weak entities differ in whether they have their own primary keys or rely on other entities.
5) E-R diagrams visually depict entities, attributes, relationships, keys and other concepts to model a database.
The document contains requests for entity relationship diagrams for several systems: a bank management system including banks, branches, customers, accounts, and loans; a library management system showing the relationship between books, members, and other attributes; a hotel management system showing the relationship between customers, hotels, and their attributes; an enrollment system showing the relationships between students, lectures, subjects, and their attributes; and a company database/schema showing the relationships between employees and other company attributes. All the ER diagrams are to show the relationships and respective entities for the given domains.
This document provides an overview of the relational model for databases. It discusses how data is organized in tables called relations and how the tables are related to each other. The key aspects covered include how the relational model was introduced, how relations represent data as tables with rows and columns, properties of relations like primary keys, and relational algebra operations like select, project, join, union and more.
Introduction to structured query language (sql)Sabana Maharjan
This document provides an introduction to structured query language (SQL). It discusses the two broad categories of SQL functions: data definition language and data manipulation language. The data definition language includes commands for creating database objects like tables and views, while the data manipulation language includes commands for inserting, updating, deleting, and retrieving data from tables. The document then covers topics like SQL data types, table structures, constraints, indexes, and basic data manipulation commands. It also discusses more advanced SQL concepts such as joins, aggregate functions, and views.
Healthy food and eating habits are important for both physical and mental well-being. Consuming a balanced diet with vegetables, fruits, and proper portions of nutrients can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce risks of diseases. However, rates of childhood obesity are increasing globally due to bad eating habits and attraction to unhealthy foods. Children who are overweight or obese face higher risks of health problems like heart disease. To live well, it is important to practice healthy eating with a balanced diet and avoiding junk food in favor of vegetables and fruits.
Do not think about any consequences just travel around nepalSabana Maharjan
The document recommends traveling to Nepal to experience new places, cultures, and activities in order to escape boredom and find change in one's routine life. It describes Nepal as an underdeveloped country with many unexplored places where one can meet new people and have exciting experiences. Specific reasons given for travel include making new friends, gaining life experiences and perspective, improving health, and broadening one's mind. A number of popular tourist destinations across Nepal are listed that offer opportunities to engage with nature, different ethnic groups and their cultures.
5 best place to watch sunrise and sunset naturallySabana Maharjan
This document discusses several of the best places in Nepal to watch sunrises and sunsets. It describes Nagarkot as being the most renowned hill station near Kathmandu that offers panoramic views of eight Himalayan mountain ranges. Sarangkot in Pokhara valley provides stunning views of snowy peaks like Annapurna II and Dhaulagiri. Poon Hill in the Annapurna region offers a marvelous view of mountain ranges during sunrise. Kala Patthar between mountains allows witnessing the sunrise with Mount Everest, Lhotse, and Nuptse. Antu Danda is the first place in Nepal to receive sunlight each day.
Newari cuisine offers many unique dishes that are best enjoyed individually, including chatamari, bara, and choila. Chatamari, known as Newari pizza, comes in various vegetable and meat toppings. Bara is a lentil pancake traditionally served during celebrations. Choila is a spicy buff meat snack often consumed while drinking. The document recommends trying these and other Newari dishes like sapu mhicha separately to fully appreciate their distinct flavors.
This document provides information about traveling to Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. It summarizes attractions and reasons to visit each country. A tour operator is recommended for planning a trip combining all three places, as it involves delicate planning and obtaining necessary permits and visas. Key highlights include trekking and wildlife in Nepal, fortresses and festivals in Bhutan, and monasteries and mountains in Tibet. Overall the document promotes this region as offering pristine natural beauty, cultural experiences, and opportunities for spiritual enrichment through exploration of Himalayan Buddhist cultures.
This document is a project report for a File Tracking System created by Sabana Maharjan. It includes a disclaimer, recommendation from the project supervisor, and a certificate of completion signed by external and internal examiners. The acknowledgments thank the computer science department and supervisor for their support. The abstract describes the project as an application to efficiently collect and track file information. It will use cloud technology and push notifications to alert users. The table of contents outlines the following chapters which cover introduction and background, literature review, methodology, system analysis and design, and implementation details.
Collaboration involves working with others to achieve shared goals and can be short or long term. The nature of work is changing to emphasize interaction jobs and teamwork over individual work. This requires new collaboration technologies and the development of collaborative cultures within organizations. An enterprise system uses social networking platforms to deepen interactions between employees, customers, and suppliers by facilitating information sharing. Investing in collaboration tools can improve productivity, quality, innovation, and customer service to boost financial performance. Building a collaborative culture involves relying on teams rather than command and control, and using tools like email, wikis, and social networking software to support teamwork.
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems integrate software modules and a common database to collect and share data across business divisions. This allows information entered in one process to be immediately available elsewhere. ERP systems are built around standardized best practices for functions like finance, manufacturing, and sales. Supply chain management systems model supply chains and optimize planning, sourcing, inventory levels, and transportation to reduce costs and match supply to demand. Customer relationship management (CRM) systems capture customer data from all parts of an organization and provide a single view to distribute information and analyze customer lifetime value.
Securing Information Systems discusses system vulnerability and abuse, contemporary security challenges, and technologies for protecting information resources. It defines security as policies, procedures, and technical measures to prevent unauthorized access. Controls ensure safety of assets, accuracy of records, and adherence to standards. Vulnerability is a system flaw intersecting with access and exploit capability. Systems are vulnerable due to accessibility, hardware/software problems, use outside an organization's control, and loss/theft of devices. Computer crime uses or targets computers/networks. Types include spoofing, sniffing, scams, denial of service attacks, war dialing, logic bombs, buffer overflows, password cracking, identity theft, and click fraud. Technologies like firewalls, intrusion
EIS is a software system that provides executive managers with quick access to summarized reports from all levels and departments of a company. It aims to enhance decision making by offering more timely, concise, and relevant information. EIS systems track and monitor key performance indicators across an organization using automated reports and excellent data visualization tools. They provide rapid access to current operational and competitive intelligence to support problem solving and strategic decision making.
Decolonizing Universal Design for LearningFrederic Fovet
UDL has gained in popularity over the last decade both in the K-12 and the post-secondary sectors. The usefulness of UDL to create inclusive learning experiences for the full array of diverse learners has been well documented in the literature, and there is now increasing scholarship examining the process of integrating UDL strategically across organisations. One concern, however, remains under-reported and under-researched. Much of the scholarship on UDL ironically remains while and Eurocentric. Even if UDL, as a discourse, considers the decolonization of the curriculum, it is abundantly clear that the research and advocacy related to UDL originates almost exclusively from the Global North and from a Euro-Caucasian authorship. It is argued that it is high time for the way UDL has been monopolized by Global North scholars and practitioners to be challenged. Voices discussing and framing UDL, from the Global South and Indigenous communities, must be amplified and showcased in order to rectify this glaring imbalance and contradiction.
This session represents an opportunity for the author to reflect on a volume he has just finished editing entitled Decolonizing UDL and to highlight and share insights into the key innovations, promising practices, and calls for change, originating from the Global South and Indigenous Communities, that have woven the canvas of this book. The session seeks to create a space for critical dialogue, for the challenging of existing power dynamics within the UDL scholarship, and for the emergence of transformative voices from underrepresented communities. The workshop will use the UDL principles scrupulously to engage participants in diverse ways (challenging single story approaches to the narrative that surrounds UDL implementation) , as well as offer multiple means of action and expression for them to gain ownership over the key themes and concerns of the session (by encouraging a broad range of interventions, contributions, and stances).
Hospital pharmacy and it's organization (1).pdfShwetaGawande8
The document discuss about the hospital pharmacy and it's organization ,Definition of Hospital pharmacy
,Functions of Hospital pharmacy
,Objectives of Hospital pharmacy
Location and layout of Hospital pharmacy
,Personnel and floor space requirements,
Responsibilities and functions of Hospital pharmacist
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
Creativity for Innovation and SpeechmakingMattVassar1
Tapping into the creative side of your brain to come up with truly innovative approaches. These strategies are based on original research from Stanford University lecturer Matt Vassar, where he discusses how you can use them to come up with truly innovative solutions, regardless of whether you're using to come up with a creative and memorable angle for a business pitch--or if you're coming up with business or technical innovations.
Post init hook in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, hooks are functions that are presented as a string in the __init__ file of a module. They are the functions that can execute before and after the existing code.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the creation of images and videos, enabling the generation of highly realistic and imaginative visual content. Utilizing advanced techniques like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and neural style transfer, AI can transform simple sketches into detailed artwork or blend various styles into unique visual masterpieces. GANs, in particular, function by pitting two neural networks against each other, resulting in the production of remarkably lifelike images. AI's ability to analyze and learn from vast datasets allows it to create visuals that not only mimic human creativity but also push the boundaries of artistic expression, making it a powerful tool in digital media and entertainment industries.
3. Management information system, or MIS, broadly refers to a computer based system that provides managers with the tools
to organize, evaluate and efficiently manage departments within an organization.
In order to provide past, present and prediction information, a management information system can include software that
helps in decision making, data resources such as databases, the hardware resources of a system, decision support
Systems, people management and project management applications, and any computerized processes that enable the
department to run efficiently.
MIS provides information that is needed to manage organizations efficiently and effectively
MIS is any organized approach for obtaining relevant and timely information on which managerial decisions are based
4. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and machine for providing the information to support the
operations, the management and the decision making function in the organization.
MIS provides accurate and timely information necessary to facilitate the decision-making process and enable the
organizations planning, control, and operational functions to be carried out effectively.
Management Information System (MIS) is basically concerned with processing data into information and is then
communicated to the various Departments in an organization for appropriate decision-making.
MIS facilitates the decision making process and enable the organizational planning, control, and operational
functions to be carried out effectively
5. Advantages of MIS
•Companies are able to high light their strengths and weaknesses due to the presence of revenue reports,
employees' performance record etc.
The identification of these aspects can help the company improve their business processes and operations.
• Giving an overall picture of the company and acting as a communication and planning tool.
• The availability of the customer data and feedback can help the company to align their business processes
according to the needs of the customers.
6. The effective management of customer data can help the company to perform direct marketing and promotion
activities.
•Information is considered to be an important asset for any company in the modern competitive world.
The consumer buying trends and behaviors can be predicted by the analysis of sales and revenue reports from each
operating region of the company.
7. Information Systems Vs Information Technology
• System is a functional unit, which involves set of procedures/functions to produce certain outputs by processing
data/information given as input.
•Information System is computer based system that create, process, store and disseminate information through the
organization. Information systems can be formal or informal.
•Formal systems are designed and developed using a set of well-established organizational polices, procedures and
principles to coordinate and facilitate communication between different functional units and the processes they
support and to meet the overall information needs of the business.
8. • Informal System do not follow any formal or pre-established rules for collection, processing, storing or
disseminating data . Employees create informal systems when they need information that is not readily available
through formal systems.
•Information technology(IT) are tools and techniques that support the design and development of information
systems.
•They include hardware, software, databases, telecommunications and client-servers.
•Information systems and information technologies go hand in had.
9. Process of Converting Data into Information
Steps in conversion of data into information:
Collection : first step is to collect data through surveys, interviews, sensors, documents, newspapers or any other
appropriable means. It can be tedious, time consuming and labor-intensive process.
Classification: Second step classification of collected data based on some criteria
Sorting, adding , merging and so on: Next data is sorted to arrange it in a meaningful form. Some additional task
may be included in this process like adding values, merging files and many others.
Summarizing : When processed data become information, it can be condensed and summarized to make time are
useful to the decision maker.
10. Storing: The information is then stored carefully for future use. Without proper storage decision makers may find it
difficult to retrieve the information when they need it and also information may be damaged if not properly stored.
Retrieval: The decision maker must be able to retrieve the stored information in an easy way when it is needed.
Dissemination: Finally the information must be disseminated or distributed in the right format , at the right time ,
to the right place and to the right people if it is not be useful.
11. Need of MIS for Organization
Management Information Systems (MINS) is the study of how technology can be used to solve business
problems and create new business opportunities. So today any medium or large sized companies can survive
without computers and information system
Meeting global Challenges
Capturing Opportunities in the marketplace
Supporting Corporate Strategy
Linking Departments whose functions are different
Enhancing work productivity
Increasing the quality of goods and Services
13. Digital Firms
The digital firm is a general term for organizations that have enabled core business relationships with employees,
customers, suppliers and other external partners through digital networks.
these digital networks are supported by enterprise class technology platforms that have been leveraged within an
organization to support critical business functions and services
13
14. Some examples:
Some examples of these technology platforms are, Customer relationship management, supply chain management,
enterprise resource planning, knowledge management system, enterprise content management, and warehouse
management system among others
14
15. Purpose of these technology platform
To digitally enable seamless integration and information exchange within the organization to employees and outside
the organization to customers, suppliers, and other business partners.
15
16. Origin of “digital Firm”
The term "The Digital Firm" originated as a concept in a series of Management Information System books authored
by Ken Laudon and it provides a new way to describe organizations that operate differently than the traditional brick
and mortar business as a result of broad sweeping changes in technology and global markets
Digital firms place an emphasis on the digitization of business processes and services through sophisticated
technology and information systems.
These information systems create opportunities for digital firms to decentralize operations, accelerate market
readiness and responsiveness, enhance customer interactions, as well as increase efficiencies across a variety of
business functions.
16
17. Advantages of digital firms
Through digital networks and information system, the digital firm is able to operate core business service and
functions continuously and more efficiently.
This digital enablement of business processes creates highly dynamic information systems allowing for more efficient
and productive management of an organization.
17
18. Continue..
Additionally, digital enablement of core business functions and services provides an organization with opportunities
to:
Operate business continuously ("Time Shifting")
Operate business in a global workplace("Space shifting")
Adapt business strategies to meet market demands
Create business value from technology investments
Drive efficiency improvements in inventory and supply chain
Enhance the management of customer relationship
Improve organizational productivity
18
19. Emergence of Digital Firms
Digitally-enabled relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees
Core business processes accomplished via digital networks
digital management of key corporate assets
rapid sensing and responding to environmental changes
19
20. Importance of MIS
Management Information System is always management oriented and keeps in view every level of management and
gets the desired information.
Integrated – refers to how different components(sub systems) are actually tied up together. eg: different
departments of organization linked together.
Useful for planning– as every organization makes log-term and short-term plans with the help of information like
sales & production, capital investments, stocks etc management can easily plan..
Effective Management Information System helps the management to know deviations of actual performance from
pre-set targets and control things.
20
21. It’s important for increasing efficiency.
MIS provides updated results of various departments to management.
MIS is highly computerized so it provides accurate results.
MIS adds to the intelligence, alertness, awareness of managers by providing them information in the form of
progress and review reports of an ongoing activity.
Helps managers in decision- making.
21
22. Objectives of MIS
The objective of MIS is to provide information for decision making on planning, initiating, organizing,
and controlling the operations of the subsystems of the firm and to provide a synergistic organization in the
process.
It facilitates the decisions-making process by furnishing information in the proper time frame. This helps the
decision-maker to select the best course of action.
MIS provide requisite information at each level of management to carry out their functions.
MIS provide a system of people, computers, procedures, and interactive query facilities, documents for
collecting, and storing, retrieving and transmitting information to the users.
22
23. Business prospective of information system
From a business perspective, an information system is an organizational and management solution, based on
information technology, to a challenge posed by the environment.
IS emphasizes the organizational and managerial nature of information systems:
To fully understand information systems,
A manager must understand the broader organization,
Management, and information technology dimensions of systems
Their power to provide solutions to challenges and problems in the business environment.
23
24. Continue..
IS problems are surveyed and classified.
IS problems is classified into several perspectives whose relevance in coping with the problems is discussed.
Research perspectives focusing on IS operations environment, IS development process, IS development
organization, IS development methods, and IS theories are distinguished.
24
28. Business Process
A network of activities, resources, facilities and information that interact to achieve/ accomplish some business
function.
Processes interact to achieve business objectives
manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable products or service.
28
29. Continue..
concrete work flows of material, information, and knowledge- sets of activities.
unique ways to coordinate work, information, and knowledge.
ways in which management chooses to coordinate work.
29
30. Components of Business Process
Activities – transform resources and information of one type into resources and information of another type.
Resources – items of value, such as customers, suppliers, employees, distributors and so on
Facilities – structures used within resources. Eg. Inventories, databases, factories, vehicles
Information – activities use information to know how to transform inputs to outputs.
30
31. Business Information System
Represents a system of controls and processes which a business uses to analyze information needed to effectively
manage their business.
These controls and procedures can include accounting systems.
31
32. Objective Of Business Information System
use of information systems facilitates better decision making in the company
management is able to review all the present practices and norms and formulate new for the future
information systems are used across all realms and functions of the business
management is able to better control its people and processes and attain organizational goals
32
33. Information Systems Help Organization
achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of processes
rethink and streamline processes
Information System supports activities in business process
o Several activities may use one information system.
o Activity may have own information system and use several information system
33
34. Types of Information Systems
Transaction Processing System
Management Information System
Intelligent Support System (Decision Support system(DSS), Executive Information System(EIS) and
Expert System(ES)
Office Automation System(OAS)
34
35. Transaction Processing System
Basic business systems that serve the operational level
A computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to the conduct of the
business
35
36. Major functions
budgeting,
general ledger,
billing,
coat accounting,
sales management,
market research,
promotion,
pricing,
new products
Scheduling
Engineering
operations
Purchasing
Shipping
Receiving
Personnel records
Benefits
Compensation
Labor relations
Training
36
37. Major application systems
general ledger,
accounts receivable,
accounts payable,
budgeting, funds management systems,
sales order info system,
market research system,
Pricing
Materials resource planning systems
Purchase order control systems
Engineering systems
Quality control systems
Payroll
Employee records
Benefit system
Career path systems
Personnel training systems
37
38. Management Information System
An MIS provides managers with information and support for effective decision making and provides feedback on
daily operations.
MIS provides information to the users in the form of reports
Output, or reports are usually generated through accumulation of transaction processing data
MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems which are typically organized along functional lines within an
organization
38
39. Intelligent Support System (Decision Support system(DSS), Executive Information System(EIS) and
Expert System(ES)
Decision Support Systems are interactive information systems that assist a decision maker in approaching ill-
structured problems by offering analytical models and access to database.
These supports are designed to support the decision-making process, rather than to render a decision.
Can help rapidly obtain qualitative results needed to reach a decision.
Support easy modification of models
39
40. Expert System is a knowledge-based information system.
Uses its knowledge about a specific area to act as an expert consultant to users
Provide answer to questions in a very specific problem area by making human like interfaces about knowledge
contained in a specialized knowledge base.
40
41. Office Automation System(OAS)
An information system which is computer based that collects, processes, stores and transmits electronic messages
Office automation refers to the varied computer machinery and software used to digitally create, collect, store,
manipulate and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic task
41
42. Advantages are reduce involvement in clerical work, fast and accurate storage, less work force for large volume of
data, reduce the storage space
Disadvantages are Expensive first time, more technical, resist to change, training cost and time, no use while
electricity cut-off
42
44. System For Linking The
Enterprise System For
Collaboration And Team Work
44
45. Collaboration
Working with others to achieve shared & explicit goals
Occurs when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal, result or work project
Collaboration requires feedback and iteration
Short lived or long term
Informal or formal (teams)
Focuses on Task/mission accomplishment & usually takes place in business or organization & between businesses
45
46. Growing importance of collaboration
Changing nature of work
From factory to manufacturing & pre-computer office work
Work organized by silos
Growth of professional work - “interaction jobs”
Interaction jobs tend to be prof. jobs in service sector became close coordination & collaboration
Changing organization of the firm
Past - used hierarchical fashion
Now - organized into groups & teams expected to develop their own methods 4 accomplish task
Senior managers observe & measure result
46
47. Changing scope of the firm
Single location to multiple location
Large global companies need to have teams working on global basis
Emphasis on innovation
Great individuals are working with a team of brilliant colleagues
Strong collaboration practices & technologies are believed to increase quality of innovation
Changing culture of work
The idea/belief from differ teams can produce better output 47
48. The Enterprise System
Use of social networking platforms, internal and external
Engage employees, customers, and suppliers
Goal is to deepen interactions and expedite information sharing
“Conversations”
Requires information transparency
Driving the exchange of information without intervention
from executives or others 48
49. Business benefits of collaboration and
teamwork
Investments in collaboration technology can bring organization improvements, returning high ROI
49
50. Benefits
Productivity
Can complete a complex task faster
Fewer errors
Quality
Can communicate errors
Fast corrective actions
Reduction in buffers among production units
Innovation
Come up with more innovative ideas for product & services
50
51. Customer Service
Can solace customer complaints
Issues faster & more effectively
Financial Performance
Collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth & financial performance
51
52. Building a collaborative culture and business
processes
“Command and control” organizations
No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in decisions
Collaborative business culture
Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely on teams.
The managers purpose is to build teams.
52
53. Tools for collaboration and teamwork
E-mail and instant messaging
Wikis
Virtual worlds
Collaboration and social business platforms
Virtual meeting systems (telepresence)
Cloud collaboration services (Google Tools, cyberlockers)
Microsoft SharePoint
IBM Notes
Enterprise social networking tools 53
54. Enterprise social networking software
capabilities
Profiles
Content sharing
Feeds and notifications
Groups and team workspaces
Tagging and social bookmarking
Permissions and privacy 54
55. Building a collaborative culture and Enterprise
System
“Command and control” organizations
No value placed on teamwork or lower-level
participation in decisions
Collaborative business culture
Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely
on teams.
The managers purpose is to build teams.
55
57. System For Linking The
Enterprise System For
Collaboration And Team Work
57
58. Collaboration
Working with others to achieve shared & explicit goals
Occurs when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal, result or work project
Collaboration requires feedback and iteration
Short lived or long term
Informal or formal (teams)
Focuses on Task/mission accomplishment & usually takes place in business or organization & between businesses
58
59. Growing importance of collaboration
Changing nature of work
From factory to manufacturing & pre-computer office work
Work organized by silos
Growth of professional work - “interaction jobs”
Interaction jobs tend to be prof. jobs in service sector became close coordination & collaboration
Changing organization of the firm
Past - used hierarchical fashion
Now - organized into groups & teams expected to develop their own methods 4 accomplish task
Senior managers observe & measure result
59
60. Changing scope of the firm
Single location to multiple location
Large global companies need to have teams working on global basis
Emphasis on innovation
Great individuals are working with a team of brilliant colleagues
Strong collaboration practices & technologies are believed to increase quality of innovation
Changing culture of work
The idea/belief from differ teams can produce better output 60
61. The Enterprise System
Use of social networking platforms, internal and external
Engage employees, customers, and suppliers
Goal is to deepen interactions and expedite information sharing
“Conversations”
Requires information transparency
Driving the exchange of information without intervention
from executives or others 61
62. Business benefits of collaboration and
teamwork
Investments in collaboration technology can bring organization improvements, returning high ROI
62
63. Benefits
Productivity
Can complete a complex task faster
Fewer errors
Quality
Can communicate errors
Fast corrective actions
Reduction in buffers among production units
Innovation
Come up with more innovative ideas for product & services
63
64. Customer Service
Can solace customer complaints
Issues faster & more effectively
Financial Performance
Collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth & financial performance
64
65. Building a collaborative culture and business
processes
“Command and control” organizations
No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in decisions
Collaborative business culture
Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely on teams.
The managers purpose is to build teams.
65
66. Tools for collaboration and teamwork
E-mail and instant messaging
Wikis
Virtual worlds
Collaboration and social business platforms
Virtual meeting systems (telepresence)
Cloud collaboration services (Google Tools, cyberlockers)
Microsoft SharePoint
IBM Notes
Enterprise social networking tools 66
67. Enterprise social networking software
capabilities
Profiles
Content sharing
Feeds and notifications
Groups and team workspaces
Tagging and social bookmarking
Permissions and privacy 67
68. Building a collaborative culture and Enterprise
System
“Command and control” organizations
No value placed on teamwork or lower-level
participation in decisions
Collaborative business culture
Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely
on teams.
The managers purpose is to build teams.
68
72. What is an organization?
◦ Technical definition:
◦ Stable, formal social structure that takes resources from environment and processes them to produce outputs
◦ A formal legal entity with internal rules and procedures, as well as a social structure
◦ Behavioral definition:
◦ A collection of rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through
conflict and conflict resolution
74. Features Of Organizations
Use of hierarchical structure
Accountability, authority in system of impartial decision making
Adherence to principle of efficiency
Routines and business processes
Organizational politics, culture, environments and structures
75. Organizational Environments
• Organizations and environments have a reciprocal relationship
• Organizations are open to, and dependent on, the social and physical environment
• Organizations can influence their environments
• Environments generally change faster than organizations
• Information systems can be an instrument of environmental scanning, act as a lens
76. 5 Basic Kinds Of Organizational Structure
◦ Entrepreneurial:
◦ Small start-up business
◦ Machine bureaucracy:
◦ Midsize manufacturing firm
◦ Divisionalized bureaucracy:
◦ Fortune 500 firms
◦ Professional bureaucracy:
◦ Law firms, school systems, hospitals
◦ Adhocracy:
◦ Consulting firms
78. Economic Impacts
◦ IT changes relative costs of capital and the costs of information
◦ Information systems technology is a factor of production, like capital and labor
◦ IT affects the cost and quality of information and changes economics of information
◦ Information technology helps firms contract in size because it can reduce transaction costs (the cost of participating in markets)
◦ Outsourcing
79. How Information Systems Impact
Organizations and Business Firms
Transaction Cost Theory
◦ Firms seek to economize on transaction costs (the costs of participating in
markets)
◦ Vertical integration, hiring more employees, buying suppliers and distributors
◦ IT lowers market transaction costs for a firm, making it worthwhile for firms to
transact with other firms rather than grow the number of employees
80. Agency Theory
◦ Firm is nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervision
◦ Firms experience agency costs (the cost of managing and supervising) which rise
as firm grows
◦ IT can reduce agency costs, making it possible for firms to grow without adding to
the costs of supervising, and without adding employees
81. Organizational And Behavioral Impacts
◦ IT flattens organizations
◦ Decision making pushed to lower levels
◦ Fewer managers needed (IT enables faster decision making and increases span
of control)
◦ Postindustrial organizations
◦ Organizations flatten because in postindustrial societies, authority increasingly
relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal positions
82. Organizational Resistance To Change
◦ Information systems become bound up in organizational politics because they
influence access to a key resource – information
◦ Information systems potentially change an organization’s structure, culture,
politics, and work
◦ Most common reason for failure of large projects is due to organizational and
political resistance to change
83. The Internet And Organizations
◦ The Internet increases the accessibility, storage, and distribution of information
and knowledge for organizations
◦ The Internet can greatly lower transaction and agency costs
◦ Example: Large firm delivers internal manuals to employees via a corporate Web
site, saving millions of dollars in distribution costs
84. Central Organizational Factors To Consider When Planning A New System
◦ Environment
◦ Structure
◦ Hierarchy, specialization, routines, business processes
◦ Culture and politics
◦ Type of organization and style of leadership
◦ Main interest groups affected by system; attitudes of end users
◦ Tasks, decisions, and business processes the system will assist
86. Competitive Advantage
Competitive advantage is the attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.
It may include access to natural resources, such as high-grade ores or a low-cost power source, highly skilled labor,
geographic location, high entry barriers, and access to new technology.
It grow fundamentally from the value a firm is able to create to their customers.
88. Types of Competitive Advantage
Barriers to entry that restrict supply Barriers to entry that restrict supply
Demand control Demand control
Economies of scale Economies of scale
Process efficiency
89. Porter Competitive Forces Model
In Porter Compétitive Forces model, the strategic position is identified by the competition of existing/ traditional
direct, new market entrants, substitute products, customers, and suppliers.
91. Porter Competitive Forces Model
Traditional competitors Traditional competitors
New market entrants New market entrants
Substitute products and services Substitute products and services
Customers Customers
Suppliers
92. Traditional competitors
◦ All firms share market space with competitors who are continuously devising new products, services, efficiencies, switching
costs
New market entrants
◦ Some industries have high barriers to entry, e.g. computer chip business
◦ New companies have new equipment, younger workers, but little brand recognition
93. Substitute products and services
◦ Substitutes customers might use if your prices become too high, e.g. iTunes substitutes for CDs
Customers
◦ Can customers easily switch to competitor’s products? Can they force businesses to compete on price alone in transparent
marketplace?
Suppliers
◦ Market power of suppliers when firm cannot raise prices as fast as suppliers
94. Four generic strategies for dealing with competitive forces,
enabled by using IT
◦ Low-cost leadership
◦ Product differentiation
◦ Focus on market niche
◦ Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy
95. The Internet’s Impact on Competitive Advantage
Enables new products and services
Transforms industries
Increases bargaining power of customers and suppliers
Intensifies competitive rivalry
Creates new opportunities for building brands and large customer bases
96. Business value chain model
◦ Highlights specific activities in a business where competitive strategies can best be applied and where information systems are
likely to have a strategic impact
◦ Primary activities
◦ Support activities
◦ Benchmarking
◦ Best practices
97. ◦ Views firm as series of activities that add value to products or services
◦ Highlights activities where competitive strategies can best be applied
◦ Primary activities vs. support activities
◦ At each stage, determine how information systems can improve operational efficiency and improve customer and supplier
intimacy
◦ Utilize benchmarking, industry best practices
99. Value web:
◦ A firm’s value chain is linked to the value chains of its suppliers, distributors, and customers
◦ A value web is a collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains to produce a
product collectively
◦ Value webs are flexible and adapt to changes in supply and demand
100.
101. Synergies, Core Competencies, and Network-Based
Strategies
Information systems can improve overall performance of business units by promoting synergies and core
competencies
◦ Synergies
◦ When output of some units used as inputs to others, or organizations pool markets and expertise
◦ Example: merger of Bank of NY and JPMorgan Chase
◦ Purchase of YouTube by Google
102. Core competencies
◦ Activity for which firm is world-class leader
◦ Relies on knowledge, experience, and sharing this across business units
◦ Example: Procter & Gamble’s intranet and directory of subject matter experts
103. Network-based strategies
◦ Take advantage of firm’s abilities to network with each other
◦ Include use of:
◦ Network economics
◦ Virtual company model
◦ Business ecosystems
106. What is IT Infrastructure?
Includes hardware, software and services
A set of physical devices and software applications that are required to operate the entire enterprise
Firm is largely dependent on its infrastructure for delivering services to customers, employees and suppliers.
107. Infrastructure components
1. Computer hardware platforms
2. Operating system platforms
3. Enterprise software applications
4. Data management and storage
5. Networking/telecommunications platforms
6. Internet platforms
7. Consulting system integration services
108. 1. Computer hardware platforms
• Client machines
Intel, AMD microprocessors
• Server market
Intel, AMD blade server replaces box servers
Sun SPARC
IBM POWER chips
• Mainframe
IBM
Giant server for massive enterprise network and corporate Web site
Equivalent to thousands of small blade servers
Top hardware manufacture
IBM
HP
Dell
Sun Microsystem
Top chip producers
Intel
AMD
IBM
109. 2. Operating System Platform
•Server operating system
Microsoft
Unix/Linux
•Client operating system
Microsoft Windows OS
Google Chrome OS
Android
IOS
110. 3. Enterprise Software Applications
SAP
Oracle
Siebel
Microsoft
4. Data Management and Storage
Leading database software
IBM DB2
Oracle
Microsoft SQL Server
Sybase
MySQL
Physical data storage
EMC(electro magnetic compatibility
Storage area network
111. 5. Networking/Telecommunication Platform
Local area network operating systems
Windows
Linux and Unix
Unix: large wide area networks
Leading hardware
Cisco
Nortel
Juniper Network
6. Internet Platform
Internet hardware server
IBM, Dell, HP/Compaq
Web software applications development tools
Microsoft
Oracle – Sun
Adobe
112. 7. Consulting system integration services
Does not have the staff, the skills, the budget and the necessary experience
To deploy and maintain its entire IT infrastructure
Leading consulting firm
Software integration
113. Contemporary hardware platform trends
The emerging Mobile Digital Platform
Grid Computing
Consumerization of IT and BYOD
Virtualization
Cloud Computing
Green Computing
High-Performance and Power-Saving Processors
Autonomic Computing
114. Contemporary software platform trends
Linux and Open- Source Software
Software for the Web
Web Services and Service Orientated Architecture
Software Outsourcing and Cloud Services
115. Management Issues
An anticipatory, strategic management process that helps organizations detect and respond appropriately to
emerging trends or changes in the socio- political environment.
These trends or changes may then crystallize into an “issue”, which is a situation that evokes the attention and
concern of influential organizational publics and stakeholders.
Issues management argues that organizations should adopt an external focus and enact their environment by
attending to relevant issues.
116.
117. Requirements of effective issues management
Two- way communication
Formal environmental scanning
Active sense- making strategies
120. File organization concept
Computer system organizes data in a hierarchy
◦ Field: Group of characters as word or number
◦ Record: Group of related fields
◦ File: Group of records of same type
◦ Database: Group of related files
Record: Describes an entity
Entity: Person, place, thing on which we store information
◦ Attribute: Each characteristic, or quality, describing entity
122. Problems with the traditional file environment
(files maintained separately by different departments)
– Data redundancy:
• Presence of duplicate data in multiple files
– Data inconsistency:
• Same attribute has different values
– Program-data dependence:
• When changes in program requires changes to data accessed by program
– Lack of flexibility
– Poor security
– Lack of data sharing and availability
123. BI is the process of transforming data into
information
124. Using databases to improve business performance
and decision making
Business Intelligence:
◦ Tools for consolidating, analyzing, and providing access to vast amounts of data to help users make better
business decisions
◦ Principle tools include:
◦ Software for database query and reporting
◦ Online analytical processing (OLAP)
◦ Data mining
125.
126. Database
◦ Serves many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant data
Database management system (DBMS)
◦ Interfaces between applications and physical data files
◦ Separates logical and physical views of data
◦ Solves problems of traditional file environment
◦ Controls redundancy
◦ Eliminates inconsistency
◦ Uncouples programs and data
◦ Enables organization to centrally manage data and data security
127. Relational DBMS
◦ Represent data as two-dimensional tables called relations or files
◦ Each table contains data on entity and attributes
Table: grid of columns and rows
◦ Rows (tuples): Records for different entities
◦ Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity
◦ Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record
◦ Primary key: Field in table used for key fields
◦ Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original table
129. Business Intelligence in the Enterprise
Business intelligence
◦ Infrastructure for collecting, storing, analyzing data produced by business
◦ Databases, data warehouses, data marts
Business analytics
◦ Tools and techniques for analyzing data
◦ OLAP, statistics, models, data mining
131. Very large databases and systems require special capabilities, tools
◦ To analyze large quantities of data
◦ To access data from multiple systems
Three key techniques
1.Data warehousing
2.Data mining
3.Tools for accessing internal databases through the Web
132. •Data warehouse:
–Stores current and historical data from many core operational transaction
systems
–Consolidates and standardizes information for use across enterprise, but data
cannot be altered
–Data warehouse system will provide query, analysis, and reporting tools
134. System For Linking The
Enterprise System For
Collaboration And Team Work
134
135. Collaboration
Working with others to achieve shared & explicit goals
Occurs when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal, result or work project
Collaboration requires feedback and iteration
Short lived or long term
Informal or formal (teams)
Focuses on Task/mission accomplishment & usually takes place in business or organization & between businesses
135
136. Growing importance of collaboration
Changing nature of work
From factory to manufacturing & pre-computer office work
Work organized by silos
Growth of professional work - “interaction jobs”
Interaction jobs tend to be prof. jobs in service sector became close coordination & collaboration
Changing organization of the firm
Past - used hierarchical fashion
Now - organized into groups & teams expected to develop their own methods 4 accomplish task
Senior managers observe & measure result
136
137. Changing scope of the firm
Single location to multiple location
Large global companies need to have teams working on global basis
Emphasis on innovation
Great individuals are working with a team of brilliant colleagues
Strong collaboration practices & technologies are believed to increase quality of innovation
Changing culture of work
The idea/belief from differ teams can produce better output 137
138. The Enterprise System
Use of social networking platforms, internal and external
Engage employees, customers, and suppliers
Goal is to deepen interactions and expedite information sharing
“Conversations”
Requires information transparency
Driving the exchange of information without intervention
from executives or others 138
139. Business benefits of collaboration and
teamwork
Investments in collaboration technology can bring organization improvements, returning high ROI
139
140. Benefits
Productivity
Can complete a complex task faster
Fewer errors
Quality
Can communicate errors
Fast corrective actions
Reduction in buffers among production units
Innovation
Come up with more innovative ideas for product & services
140
141. Customer Service
Can solace customer complaints
Issues faster & more effectively
Financial Performance
Collaborative firms have superior sales, sales growth & financial performance
141
142. Building a collaborative culture and business
processes
“Command and control” organizations
No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in decisions
Collaborative business culture
Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely on teams.
The managers purpose is to build teams.
142
143. Tools for collaboration and teamwork
E-mail and instant messaging
Wikis
Virtual worlds
Collaboration and social business platforms
Virtual meeting systems (telepresence)
Cloud collaboration services (Google Tools, cyberlockers)
Microsoft SharePoint
IBM Notes
Enterprise social networking tools 143
144. Enterprise social networking software
capabilities
Profiles
Content sharing
Feeds and notifications
Groups and team workspaces
Tagging and social bookmarking
Permissions and privacy 144
145. Building a collaborative culture and Enterprise
System
“Command and control” organizations
No value placed on teamwork or lower-level
participation in decisions
Collaborative business culture
Senior managers rely on teams of employees.
Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely
on teams.
The managers purpose is to build teams.
145
149. Definition of EIS
EIS is a structured, automated tracking system that operates continuously to keep management abreast of what is
happening in all important areas. This tracking is accomplished by the system itself without management effort
Allows you to turn your organization's data into useful summarize reports
These reports are generally used by executive level managers for quick access to reports coming from all company
levels and departments
EIS is a software that allow user to transform enterprise data into quickly accessible and executive-level reports. It
enhances decision making for executives.
150. Needed information
More timely information
Greater access to operational data
Greater access to corporate databases
More concise, relevant information
New or additional information
More information about the external environment
More competitive information
Faster access to external databases
151. Characteristics of EIS
Tracking and Control Tool
Excellent Graphics
Very User-Friendly
Provides Rapid Access to Current Information
Problem Solving vs. Opportunity Assessment
152. EIS components
Early EIS products were developed for use on high-powered computers, but current products target the client/server
platform.
These more-flexible platforms can adapt to changes in the organization and in technology.
Use of real-time data leads to faster, more informed decisions
153. EIS components
Hardware Components
• An EIS requires no specific or unique hardware.
• A key issue is to be sure that the EIS components
optimize and conform to the organization’s computing
resources.
• The system must be configured so that the resources are
well-matched to the executives using them.
Software Components
• In contrast to hardware, software is usually highly
specialized to the problem domain.
• This specialization is often achieved by using off the-
shelf components for the EIS backbone, and customized
modules to meet specific needs.
• Lotus Notes is a good example. It can be used alone, or
can accommodate third-party plug-in modules.
154. Functional information systems
Functional Information System is based on the various business functions such as Production, Marketing, Finance
and Personnel etc. These departments or functions are known as functional areas of business.
Each functional area requires applications to perform all information processing related to the function.
The popular functional areas of the business organization are:
• Financial Information System
• Marketing Information System
• Production/Marketing Information System
• Human Resource Information System
155. Financial Information System
Financial information system is a sub-system of organizational management information system. This sub-system
supports the decision-making process of financial functions at the level of an organization.
Marketing Information System
This sub-system of management information system provides information about various functions of the marketing
system of an organization. Marketing is another functional area of the business organization, which is engaged in
marketing (selling) of its products to its customers.
Important functions of the marketing process include the following.
• The marketing identification function
• The purchase motivation function.
• The product adjustment function
• The physical distribution function
• The communication function
• The transaction function
• The post-transaction function
156. Production /manufacturing Information System
Manufacturing or production information system provides information on production /operation activities of an
organization and thus facilitates the decision-making process of production managers of an organization.
Human Resources Information System
This functional information system supports the functions of human resource management of an organization. The
human resource management function, in its narrow sense, it also known as personnel management .The function
involves:
• Manpower planning.
• Staffing
• Training and development
• Performance evaluation, and
• Separation activities
157. Marketing information systems
A marketing information system is a continuing and interacting system of people, equipment’s, and procedures to
gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute the pertinent, timely, and accurate information for use by marketing
decision-makers to improve their marketing planning, implementation, and control.”
Philip Kotler gives alternative definition, such as: “A marketing information system (MIS) consists of people,
equipment’s, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute the needed, timely, and accurate
information to marketing decision makers.”
158. Components of MIS
MIS is made of parts, subparts or subsystems which are called the components.
Typically, according to Philip Kotler, a marketing information system consists of four interrelated components
– Internal Reports (Records) System,
-Marketing Research System,
-Marketing Intelligence System,
- Marketing Decision Support System
All components are interrelated and interdependent.
159. Manufacturing Information Systems
The manufacturing information system that is targeted for use anywhere production is taking place.
Modern management information systems are generally computerized and are designed to collect and present the
data which managers need in order to plan and direst operations within the company.
Manufacturing organizations
◦ Operations functions merged into manufacturing systems
Manufacturing systems facilitate production of goods
◦ Inventory systems
◦ Manufacturing-planning systems
◦ Manufacturing-scheduling systems
◦ Manufacturing operations systems
161. Finance and Accounting Information Systems
Accounting Information Systems
◦ Cost-accounting applications determine marginal cost and profitability
◦ Accounts receivable includes receivables, payments, and collections
◦ Cash management is the process of scheduling payments and planning use of cash
◦ Financial reporting applications produce financial statements
◦ General ledgers show assets and liabilities
◦ Accounts payable systems reconcile payments against purchasers
◦ Budgeting applications allocate and schedule revenues and expenses
◦ Treasury applications concern management and investment
163. Financial Information Systems
A financial information system is a type of business software used to input, accumulate, and analyze financial and
accounting data.
It provides financial information to all financial managers within an organization.
It is a process and procedures that is used by an organization’s management to exercise financial control and
accountability.
It supports financial managers in decisions concerning.
164. Features of good financial management system
Keeping all payments and receivables transaction
Amortizing prepaid expenses
Depreciating assets according to accepted schedules
Keeping track of liabilities
Maintain income and expenditure statements and balance sheets
Keeping all records up to date
Maintain complete and accurate accounts
Minimizing overall paperwork
167. System vulnerability and abuse
Security
Policies, procedures, and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft, or physical
damage to information systems
Security refers to the policies, procedures, and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration,
theft, or physical damage to information systems.
Controls
Methods, policies, and organizational procedures that ensure safety of organization’ s assets; accuracy and reliability
of its accounting records; and operational loyalty to management standards
Controls are methods, policies, and organizational procedures that ensure the safety of the organization’s assets, the
accuracy and reliability of its records, and operational adherence to management standards.
168. Vulnerability
Vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system’s information assurance.
Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements:
◦ A system susceptibility or flaw
◦ Attacker access to the flaw
◦ Attacker capability to exploit the flaw
169. Why systems are vulnerable
– Accessibility of networks
– Hardware problems (breakdowns, configuration errors, damage from improper use or crime)
– Software problems (programming errors, installation errors, unauthorized changes)
– Disasters
– Use of networks/computers outside of firm’s control
– Loss and theft of portable devices
171. Computer crime
It is any crime that involves a computer and a network
Computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target
173. Cyber Security And Ethics
Cyber security is the protection of computer systems from theft of or damage to their hardware, software or
electronic data, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.
It includes controlling physical access to system hardware as well as protecting against harm that may be done via
network access, malicious data and code injection.
Due to malpractice by operators, whether intentional or accidental, IT security personnel are susceptible to being
tricked into deviating from secure procedures through various methods of social engineering.
174. Consequences of a cyber attack
Cyber attacks can disrupt and cause considerable financial and reputational damage to even the most resilient
organization.
If you suffer a cyber attack, you stand to lose assets, reputation and business, and potentially face regulatory
fines and litigation- as well as the costs of remediation.
175. Cyber Ethics
•Cyber-ethics is the discipline of using appropriate and ethical behaviors and acknowledging moral duties and
obligations pertaining to online environments and digital media.
•Cyber ethics is the ethics applied to the online environment.
•Cyber ethics is a code of behavior for using the Internet.
176. DO DON’T
schoolwork Use the internet to help you do the
homework. You can find many information
inside the internet
Don’t copy other people works and call it your
own. Do credits to the author or website.
Music, videos and copyright Use the internet to learn about music,
video and games.
Don’t use the internet to download or share
copyrighted material.
177. DO DON’T
E-mail and instant messaging (IM) Use the internet to communicate with
friends and family. But make sure you know
to whom you exchange your e-mail and IM
Don’t use the internet to communicate with
strangers. Don’t pretend to be someone else
and don’t be rude or use bad language.
For Parents Encourage your children to use the Internet.
The Internet has a lot good things to offer
children.
Don't leave your children unsupervised. Make
sure you know what sites your children visit
when they're on the internet, and with whom
they're communicating. Look over their
shoulder.
178. Rules of Cyber
•Do not use rude or offensive language.
•Don’t be a bully on the Internet. Do not call people names, lie about them, send embarrassing pictures of them, or
do anything else to try to hurt them.
•Do not copy information from the Internet and claim it as yours. That is called plagiarism.
•Adhere to copyright restrictions when downloading material including software, games, movies, or music from the
Internet.
•Do not break into someone else’s computer.
•Do not use someone else’s password.
•Do not attempt to infect or in any way try to make someone else’s computer unusable.
179. Technologies and tools for protecting information
resources
Firewall
Intrusion Detection Systems
Antivirus and anti-spyware software
Securing Wireless Networks
Encryption
182. Enterprise Systems
◦ Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
◦ Suite of integrated software modules and a common central database
◦ Collects data from many divisions of firm for use in nearly all of firm’s internal business
activities
◦ Information entered in one process is immediately available for other processes
◦ (c.f. Triangle diagram + 4 functions) – manufacturing view of sales data enables planning of
resources for future production. Sales view of manufacturing allows visibility of stock levels.
183. ◦ Built around thousands of predefined business processes that reflect best practices
◦ Finance and accounting
◦ Human resources
◦ Manufacturing and production
◦ Sales and marketing
◦ Can help standardize a global company onto standard business processes (big savings come with centralized
IT processes)
◦ To implement, firms:
◦ Select functions of system they wish to use.
◦ Map business processes to software processes.
◦ Use software’s configuration tables for customizing.
◦ Main suppliers are Oracle (e-Business Suite, SAP, Microsoft Dynamics) + lots of others with smaller
market share – some specialization for particular industries
185. Supply chain management systems
◦ Supply chains can be very large and complex for many companies
◦ Over 50% of operating costs can occur in the supply chain
◦ Can extend to many thousands of organizations and many countries
◦ Getting this right can create big competitive advantage
◦ Network of organizations and processes for:
◦ Procuring materials, transforming them into products, and distributing the products
◦ Upstream supply chain:
◦ Firm’s suppliers, suppliers’ suppliers, processes for managing relationships with them
◦ Downstream supply chain:
◦ Organizations and processes responsible for delivering products to customers
◦ Internal supply chain
187. ◦ Inefficiencies cut into a company’s operating costs
◦ Can waste up to 25% of operating expenses
◦ Just-in-time strategy:
◦ Components arrive as they are needed
◦ Finished goods shipped after leaving assembly line
◦ Safety stock: Buffer for lack of flexibility in supply chain
◦ Bullwhip effect
◦ Information about product demand gets distorted as it passes from one entity to next across
supply chain
189. Supply Chain Management Software
◦Supply chain planning systems
◦ Model existing supply chain
◦ Enable demand planning
◦ Optimize sourcing, manufacturing plans
◦ Establish inventory levels
◦ Identify transportation modes
◦Supply chain execution systems
◦ Manage flow of products through distribution centers and warehouses
190. Global supply chain issues
◦ Greater geographical distances
◦ Greater time differences
◦ Participants from different countries
◦ Different performance standards
◦ Different legal requirements
Internet helps manage global complexities
◦ Warehouse management
◦ Transportation management
◦ Logistics
◦ Outsourcing
191. Supply chain management
◦ Push-based model (build-to-stock)
◦ Earlier SCM systems
◦ Schedules based on best guesses of demand
◦ Pull-based model (demand-driven)
◦ Web-based
◦ Customer orders trigger events in supply chain
◦ Internet enables move from sequential supply chains to concurrent supply
chains
◦ Complex networks of suppliers can adjust immediately
192. Business value of SCM systems
◦ Match supply to demand; reduce inventory levels
◦ Improve delivery service
◦ Speed product time to market
◦ Use assets more effectively
◦ Reduced supply chain costs lead to increased profitability
◦ Total supply chain costs can be 75% of operating budget
◦ Increase sales
193. Customer relationship management systems
Knowing the customer
‘Mom and Pop’ store
In large businesses, too many customers and too many
ways customers interact with firm
Website, email, traditional mail, social media site, adverts,
face to face, survey, phone, company reports, press
releases, news reports
194. CRM systems
◦ Capture and integrate customer data from all
over the organization
◦ Consolidate and analyze customer data
◦ Distribute customer information to various
systems and customer touch points across
enterprise
◦ Provide single enterprise view of customers
195. CRM Software
◦ Packages range from niche tools to large-scale enterprise applications.
◦ More comprehensive have modules for:
◦ Partner relationship management (PRM)
◦ Integrating lead generation, pricing, promotions, order configurations, and availability
◦ Tools to assess partners’ performances
◦ Employee relationship management (ERM)
◦ Setting objectives, employee performance management, performance-based compensation, employee training
◦ CRM packages typically include tools for:
◦ Sales force automation (SFA)
◦ Sales prospect and contact information, sales quote generation capabilities
◦ Customer service
◦ Assigning and managing customer service requests, Web-based self-service capabilities
◦ Marketing
◦ Capturing prospect and customer data, scheduling and tracking direct-marketing mailings or e-mail, cross-selling
197. Operational CRM:
◦ Customer-facing applications such as sales force automation, call center and customer service support, and marketing
automation
Analytical CRM:
◦ Based on data warehouses populated by operational CRM systems and customer touch points
◦ Analyzes customer data (OLAP, data mining, etc.)
◦ Customer lifetime value (CLTV)
Business value of CRM systems
◦ Increased customer satisfaction
◦ Reduced direct-marketing costs
◦ More effective marketing
◦ Lower costs for customer acquisition/retention
◦ Increased sales revenue
Churn rate:
◦ Number of customers who stop using or purchasing products or services from a company
◦ Indicator of growth or decline of firm’s customer base
198. Enterprise applications challenges
◦ Highly expensive to purchase and implement enterprise applications
◦ Average “large” system—$12 million +
◦ Average “small/midsize” system—$3.5 million
◦ Technology changes
◦ Business process changes
◦ Organizational learning, changes
◦ Switching costs, dependence on software vendors
◦ Data standardization, management, cleansing
199. Next-generation enterprise applications
◦ Enterprise solutions/suites:
◦ Make applications more flexible, Web-enabled, integrated with other systems
◦ SOA standards
◦ Open-source applications
◦ On-demand solutions
◦ Cloud-based versions
◦ Functionality for mobile platform
202. Information Service SIS
• System that support information services provide managers with vital financial and statistical data that enhance
internal decision making.
Some information Service SIS are:
◦ •Financial Planning Systems : systems with mathematical models to aid
◦ financial planning.
◦ •Executive Information Systems: system that allow top management to retrieve internal and external data and information
directly from the computer.
◦ •Logistics: vehicle routing, freight rate management, shipment tracing,
◦ performance measurement.
◦ •Electronic Data Interchange (EDI):electronically sending bills, payments , or orders to suppliers and customers
◦ •Expert System : Computerized “consultant” systems for specialized situations
203. Strategic Information System
•SIS is a system that delivers information about product and services that play a direct and prominent role in helping
the firm achieving its strategic goals.
•SIS delivers data/information used to access and analyze opportunism and threats in the business environment.
•SIS is not a type of information system like TPS or DSS.
•Any information system is classified as SIS on how it is used and on the benefits it provides to the organization.
•If Information system is used in creative ways to achieve the goals and fulfill the mission of the organization; it can
be viewed as an SIS, whether it is TPS or DSS or any other type of system.
204. •Strategic Information System can be external or internal .
•External SIS are used primarily by external entities in the business environment like customer, suppliers and
distributer
•Internal SIS are used by employees within the organization .
•Example of Strategic Information System
•The ASAP system, designed by American Hospital Supply (AHP) , is a TPS that gained the structure of strategic
system because it made easy for hospital to place orders and provided customers with up-to-date information on the
status of their orders.
•Product description, prices and delivery schedules were readily available both to customers and to AHP managers,
who used the information to improve the quality of their decisions.
205. Another SIS is the ATM(Automated Teller Machine) introduced by Citibank as it is only alternatives to open branch
offices at large number of different location.
•ATM as a TPS help processing of transaction like deposit, withdraw, balance enquiry and many others ,is also SIS as
it fulfill the long term strategy of Bank to provide the customer-oriented service.
•The ATMs eliminated the need for opening branch offices, reducing the expenses of the bank
•The ATM “brought the bank to the customer” that made the bank services one of the reliable and useful to the
customer.
206. Types of Strategic Information System
•Systems that focus on innovation for competitive advantage –Innovation SIS
•Systems that use information as a weapon –Information Service SIS
•Systems that increase productivity and lower the costs of goods and services –Productivity SIS
•Innovation SIS: system that support innovation help companies to be responsive to customer needs.
•Some system like :
◦ •Customer Service Systems: order, order inquiry, service system
◦ •Marketing Planning: Forecasting, sales analysis
207. Is the project technically feasible?
•Many SIS have failed because they were not technically viable.
•SIS require technologies that are well established, well understood and widely accepted by users ; otherwise they
are doomed from the start.
•Once a company determines that the project is both financially and technically feasible, it must take five important
guidelines to ensure the success of SIS .
1.Technology decisions should be grounded in a clear understanding of the processes that drive the technology.
2.Strategic systems should be driven by strategic alliances between trading partners
3.Continuous improvement and investment in strategic systems are essential for their long-term success.
4.The organizational culture should encourage some risk taking.
5.Users must be fully trained if the full potential of the strategic system is to be achieved.
208. •First step is the organization should carefully study its business process before investing in strategic systems.
•Business process must be re-vaulted and radically redesigned before automating them.
•If business process are not clear then it cannot be transformed into an automated process.
•Second step is the collaboration between business entities that cross traditional organizational boundaries.
•Step third , strategic system can be successful over the long run only if the company is willing to invest in updating and maintaining it.
•Fourth, the organizational culture should encourage top mangers to be “champions” and “passionate sponsors” who are willing to take
key role in development and implementation of the system and encourage its use and acceptance by employees and customers
•Lastly, the organization should have talented people with excellent technical skills and a good understanding of the business
209. Potential Barriers to Developing an SIS
•Even if the company were to follow some of the guidelines in developing successful Strategic system , barriers
come across .
•Some of barriers are :
•Problem Definition
•Implementation
•Maintenance
Problem Definition:
•Many companies are unsuccessful at making innovative ideas practical , technically feasible, appealing and
affordable.
•Also defining a strategic idea requires that business managers communicate clearly with technical managers .
•If the tow groups cannot communicate properly or clearly this can be a barrier to the development of strategic
systems.
•Many innovative ideas are technically infeasible or expensive.
210. Implementation
•Even if companies cross the barrier to defining an idea, they often have a difficult time implementing it.
•Strategic system heavily rely on telecommunication and other leading-edge technologies many companies lack the
talent necessary to build such systems.
•Also inter-organizational systems require a great deal of cooperation among diverse departments which is hard to
come through.
Maintenance
•Companies that overcome the first two barriers types are often stumped by the complexity of maintain these
system so that they can sustain the advantages derived from them.
•Strategic system are often expensive to maintain and can be an enormous drain on the corporate budget.
•Companies with limited financial resources, technological sophistication and organizational flexibility are likely to
face one or more of these barriers